内容正文:
译林版七年级下册 Unit 2 单词表
教师备课材料
1. neighbour (英式) / neighbor (美式) (n.)
词义: 邻居
近义词: resident (居民)
反义词: stranger (陌生人)
词性转换: neighbour (n.) → neighbourhood (n. 社区) → neighbouring (adj. 邻近的)
常见搭配: next-door neighbour (隔壁邻居); get along with neighbours (与邻居和睦相处)
例句: My kind neighbour watered my plants during my holiday.
翻译: 我善良的邻居在我假期期间帮我给植物浇水。
练习题:
1. Our school has a good relationship with the ______ (neighbour) community.
2. The ______ (neighbour) country is very friendly to us.
答案与解析:
1. neighbouring。解析:空格后是名词“community”,此处需要形容词来修饰它。“neighbouring”意为“邻近的,周边的”。
2. neighbouring。解析:同上,修饰名词“country”,需用形容词形式。
2. neighbourhood (英式) / neighborhood (美式) (n.)
词义: 社区;街坊;附近地区
近义词: community, district, area
词性转换: neighbourhood (n.) ← neighbour (n.)
常见搭配: in the neighbourhood (在附近); a quiet/safe neighbourhood (安静/安全的社区)
例句: A new supermarket will be built in the neighbourhood.
翻译: 这个社区将要建一家新超市。
练习题:
1. All my ______ (neighbour) are very helpful.
2. The ______ (neighbour) of this factory is very noisy.
答案与解析:
1. neighbours。解析:意为“我的邻居们”,是复数概念,应用名词复数形式。
2. neighbourhood。解析:意为“这个工厂的附近区域”,是一个整体区域概念,用单数名词。
3. officer (n.)
词义: 官员;军官;(公司或组织的)高级职员
近义词: official (官员), executive (高管)
词性转换: officer (n.) → official (adj. 官方的/n. 官员) → office (n. 办公室;职务)
常见搭配: a police officer (警官); a commanding officer (指挥官)
例句: The officer in charge explained the new rules to us.
翻译: 负责的官员向我们解释了新规定。
练习题:
1. He works in a government ______ (office) in London.
2. The news came from an ______ (office) source.
答案与解析:
1. office。解析:意为“政府的办公室”,是一个具体的工作地点,用名词“office”。
2. official。解析:修饰名词“source”,需用形容词,意为“官方的,正式的”。
4. police officer (n.)
词义: (一名)警察
近义词: policeman/policewoman, cop (口语)
反义词: criminal (罪犯)
词性转换: 这是一个固定复合名词。可拆分为:police (n./v. 维持治安) + officer (n.)。其动词形式为“police”。
常见搭配: ask a police officer for help (向警察求助)
例句: The police officer helped the lost child find his parents.
翻译: 警察帮助那个迷路的孩子找到了父母。
练习题:
1. The government will spend more money to ______ (police) the area effectively.
2. We should call the ______ (police) if we see a crime happening.
答案与解析:
1. police。解析:空格前是“to”,且句子缺少谓语动词,应填入动词原形“police”,意为“维持…的治安”。
2. police。解析:意为“打电话给警方”,指警察这个群体,是集合名词,用单数形式“the police”。
5. police station (n.)
词义: 警察局;派出所
近义词: station (在语境中可简写)
词性转换: 这是一个固定名词短语。station本身可作动词:station (v. 驻扎,安置)。
常见搭配: go to the police station (去警察局); report at the police station (到警察局报案)
例句: They took the found wallet to the police station.
翻译: 他们把捡到的钱包送到了警察局。
练习题:
1. The guard was ______ (station) at the gate.
2. The fire ______ (station) is not far from our school.
答案与解析:
1. stationed。解析:这是一个被动语态结构 “was + 过去分词”,“station”作动词时意为“驻扎”,其过去分词是“stationed”。
2. station。解析:意为“消防站”,是固定名词“fire station”的一部分。
6. restaurant (n.)
词义: 餐馆,饭店
近义词: eatery, diner (小餐馆)
词性转换: restaurant (n.) → restaurateur (n. 餐馆老板)
常见搭配: a fast-food restaurant (快餐店); run a restaurant (经营一家餐馆)
例句: We celebrated her birthday at a French restaurant.
翻译: 我们在一家法国餐厅为她庆祝了生日。
练习题:
1. The famous ______ (restaurant) owns three restaurants in the city.
2. The ______ (restaurant) industry was hit hard during the pandemic.
答案与解析:
1. restaurateur。解析:句子主语是“著名的…”,谓语是“owns”,需要一个表示人的名词,意为“餐馆老板”。
2. restaurant。解析:修饰名词“industry”,需用名词作定语,构成“餐饮业”。
7. law (n.)
词义: 法律;法规;法则
近义词: rule, regulation
反义词: lawlessness (无法无天)
词性转换: law (n.) → lawyer (n. 律师) → lawful (adj. 合法的) → unlawful (adj. 非法的)
常见搭配: break the law (违法); study law (学习法律)
例句: Everyone must obey the law of the country.
翻译: 每个人都必须遵守国家的法律。
练习题:
1. It is ______ (law) to drive without a licence.
2. You need to hire a good ______ (law) to help you with the case.
答案与解析:
1. unlawful / illegal。解析:系动词“is”后需接形容词作表语,意为“无证驾驶是非法的”。(注:illegal是更常用的反义词,但根据词根,unlawful也可接受)。
2. lawyer。解析:意为“雇佣一个好的律师”,需要表示职业的名词。
8. lawyer (n.)
词义: 律师
近义词: attorney (美式), solicitor/barrister (英式,分事务/出庭律师)
词性转换: lawyer (n.) ← law (n.)
常见搭配: consult a lawyer (咨询律师)
例句: The lawyer gave us some very useful advice.
翻译: 那位律师给了我们一些非常有用的建议。
练习题:
1. She plans to practice ______ (lawyer) after graduation.
2. He faced serious ______ (lawyer) problems.
答案与解析:
1. law。解析:“practice law”是固定搭配,意为“执业(当律师)”。
2. legal。解析:修饰名词“problems”,需用形容词,意为“法律问题”。
9. community (n.)
词义: 社区;团体;共同体
近义词: society, neighbourhood, group
反义词: 无直接反义
词性转换: community (n.) → communal (adj. 公共的,共享的)
常见搭配: the local community (当地社区); community service (社区服务)
例句: The whole community came together to clean up the park.
翻译: 整个社区的人都行动起来清理公园。
练习题:
1. They share a ______ (community) kitchen in the dormitory.
2. The spirit of ______ (community) is very strong in this village.
答案与解析:
1. communal。解析:修饰名词“kitchen”,需用形容词,意为“公共厨房”。
2. community。解析:介词“of”后接名词,表示“社区精神”。
10. from time to time (phrase)
词义: 不时,有时,偶尔
近义词: sometimes, occasionally, now and then
反义词: always, never
词性转换: 这是一个固定介词短语,无法进行词性转换。
常见搭配: 通常作状语,放在句首或句末。
例句: From time to time, he visits his old teachers.
翻译: 他时不时会去拜访他以前的老师。
练习题:
1. 找出与“from time to time”意思相近的选项:A) all the time B) at times C) on time
2. “I still think of her ______.” 用“偶尔”填空。
答案与解析:
1. B) at times。解析:A) 一直;B) 有时;C) 准时。B与“from time to time”同义。
2. from time to time / occasionally。解析:句子需要表示频率的状语。
11. volunteer (n. & v.)
词义: n. 志愿者; v. 自愿(做),志愿(提供)
近义词: n. helper; v. offer (to do)
反义词: v. be forced to do (被迫做)
词性转换: volunteer (n./v.) → voluntary (adj. 自愿的) → voluntarily (adv. 自愿地)
常见搭配: volunteer to do sth. (自愿做某事); volunteer work/service (志愿工作/服务)
例句: Many volunteers helped after the earthquake. / He volunteered to clean the classroom.
翻译: 地震后许多志愿者提供了帮助。/ 他自愿打扫教室。
练习题:
1. She made a ______ (volunteer) contribution to the charity.
2. All the work here is done ______ (volunteer).
答案与解析:
1. voluntary。解析:修饰名词“contribution”,需用形容词,意为“自愿的捐赠”。
2. voluntarily。解析:修饰动词“is done”,需用副词,意为“自愿地完成”。
12. laptop (n.)
词义: 笔记本电脑
近义词: notebook (computer)(笔记本电脑)
反义词: desktop (computer)(台式电脑)
词性转换: 这是一个合成名词,由`lap(膝盖)`+`top(顶部)`构成
常见搭配: use a laptop (使用笔记本电脑); a new laptop (一台新笔记本电脑)
例句: I take my laptop with me when I travel.
翻译: 我旅行时会带上我的笔记本电脑。
练习题: (无词性转换,可设计搭配练习)
1. 请选择:I do my homework on my ______. A) laptop B) lap C) top
2. 请翻译:她买了一台新笔记本电脑。
答案与解析:
1. A) laptop。解析:句意为“我在我的…上做作业”,应选“笔记本电脑”。
2. She bought a new laptop.
13. engineer (n.)
词义: 工程师
近义词: technician(技师)
词性转换: engineer (n.) → engineering (n. 工程学) → engineered (adj. 设计的,工程的)
常见搭配: a software engineer (软件工程师); study engineering (学习工程学)
例句: My father is a mechanical engineer.
翻译: 我父亲是一名机械工程师。
练习题:
1. He is studying ______ (engineer) at university.
2. This is a well-______ (engineer) bridge.
答案与解析:
1. engineering。解析:“study”后接学科名称,用名词“engineering”。
2. engineered。解析:这是“well- + 过去分词”构成的复合形容词,修饰名词“bridge”,意为“设计精良的桥梁”。
14. check (v. & n.)
词义: v. 检查,核对; n. 检查; (美)支票;(餐厅)账单
近义词: v. examine, inspect; n. examination, bill
反义词: v. ignore (忽略)
词性转换: check (v./n.) → checklist (n. 清单), check-up (n. 体检)
常见搭配: check the answer (核对答案); a health check (健康检查)
例句: Please check your homework carefully before handing it in. / The waiter brought the check.
翻译: 交作业前请仔细检查。/ 服务员拿来了账单。
练习题:
1. The doctor advised him to have a regular medical ______ (check).
2. Before travelling, make a ______ (check) of things you need to pack.
答案与解析:
1. check-up 或 check。解析:意为“定期的医疗检查”,是固定搭配。
2. checklist。解析:不定冠词“a”后需要名词,“checklist”意为“清单”,符合句意。
15. broken (adj.)
词义: 破碎的;损坏的;不流利的
近义词: damaged, not working
反义词: fixed, repaired, working
词性转换: broken (adj.) ← break (v. 打破) → breakage (n. 破损)
常见搭配: a broken window (一扇破碎的窗户); broken English (蹩脚的英语)
例句: The toy is broken; we need to fix it.
翻译: 玩具坏了,我们需要修理它。
练习题:
1. Be careful! Don’t ______ (broken) the glass.
2. The ______ (break) of the pipe caused a flood.
答案与解析:
1. break。解析:助动词“Don't”后接动词原形。
2. breakage。解析:定冠词“The”后需要名词,“breakage”意为“破损(处)”。
16. someone / somebody (pron.)
词义: 某人,有人
近义词: a person
反义词: no one / nobody (没有人)
词性转换: 这是不定代词,无词性转换。
常见搭配: someone else (别人)
例句: Someone is waiting for you at the door.
翻译: 门口有人在等你。
练习题:
1. There is ______ at home. Let's go in.
2. The room is empty. There is ______ here.
答案与解析:
1. someone/somebody。解析:肯定句,表示“有人”。
2. nobody/no one。解析:根据“empty(空的)”,可知“没人”。
17. repair (v. & n.)
词义: v./n. 修理,修补
近义词: v./n. fix, mend
反义词: v. break, damage (损坏)
词性转换: repair (v./n.) → repairable (adj. 可修理的) → repairman (n. 修理工)
常见搭配: repair a bike (修自行车); under repair (在维修中)
例句: It took him two hours to repair the computer. / The bridge is closed for repairs.
翻译: 他花了两个小时修理电脑。/ 这座桥因维修而关闭。
练习题:
1. Is this old radio still ______ (repair)?
2. We need to call a ______ (repair) to fix the washing machine.
答案与解析:
1. repairable。解析:在系动词“is”后作表语,需形容词,意为“可修理的”。
2. repairman。解析:意为“修理工”,表示职业。
18. anyone / anybody (pron.)
词义: (用于疑问句或否定句) 任何人;(用于肯定句) 随便哪个人
反义词: no one / nobody (没有人)
词性转换: 这是不定代词,无词性转换。
常见搭配: anyone else (任何其他人)
例句: Did anyone see my keys? / Anyone can learn to swim.
翻译: 有谁看见我的钥匙吗?/ 任何人都可以学游泳。
练习题: (同someone,练习反义词或疑问句用法)
1. ______ can answer this easy question.
2. I didn't see ______ in the classroom.
答案与解析:
1. Anyone/Anybody。解析:肯定句,表示“任何人”。
2. anyone/anybody。解析:否定句(didn't)中,用“anyone/anybody”。
19. college (n.)
词义: 学院;大学;(英)中学毕业后继续教育的学校
近义词: university (综合性大学), institute (学院)
词性转换: college (n.) → collegiate (adj. 学院的,大学的)
常见搭配: go to college (上大学); a college student (大学生)
例句: She will start college next September.
翻译: 她明年九月将开始上大学。
练习题:
1. He is enjoying his ______ (college) life very much.
2. These are the ______ (college) sports teams.
答案与解析:
1. college。解析:修饰名词“life”,用名词作定语,意为“大学生活”。
2. collegiate。解析:修饰名词短语“sports teams”,用形容词,意为“学院的(运动队)”。
20. willing (adj.)
词义: 乐意的,愿意的
近义词: ready, happy (to do)
反义词: unwilling, reluctant (不情愿的)
词性转换: willing (adj.) → willingness (n. 乐意) → willingly (adv. 乐意地)
常见搭配: be willing to do sth. (愿意做某事)
例句: Are you willing to help me with the project?
翻译: 你愿意帮我做这个项目吗?
练习题:
1. She showed great ______ (willing) to learn.
2. He ______ (willing) accepted the difficult task.
答案与解析:
1. willingness。解析:动词“showed”后需名词作宾语,意为“表现出极大的学习意愿”。
2. willingly。解析:修饰动词“accepted”,需用副词,意为“乐意地接受”。
21. tidy (adj. & v.)
词义: adj. 整洁的; v. 整理,使整洁
近义词: adj. neat, clean; v. clean up, organize
反义词: adj. messy, untidy (凌乱的)
词性转换: tidy (adj./v.) → tidily (adv.) → tidiness (n. 整洁)
常见搭配: keep tidy (保持整洁); tidy up the room (整理房间)
例句: Please keep your room tidy. / I must tidy up my desk.
翻译: 请保持房间整洁。/ 我必须整理一下我的书桌。
练习题:
1. He always dresses very ______ (tidy).
2. She takes pride in the ______ (tidy) of her home.
答案与解析:
1. tidily。解析:修饰动词“dresses”,需用副词,意为“穿着整洁”。
2. tidiness。解析:定冠词“the”后需名词,意为“她家的整洁”。
22. such (adj. & pron.)
词义: adj. 这样的,如此的; pron. 这样的人/事物
近义词: like this/that
常见结构:such + a/an + adj. + n.; such + adj. + 不可数名词/复数名词。
常见搭配: such as (例如); such a good idea (这么好的主意)
例句: I've never seen such a beautiful sunset.
翻译: 我从未见过如此美丽的日落。
练习题: (练习固定搭配)
1. He likes fruits, ______ apples and bananas.
2. It was ______ wonderful party that everyone enjoyed it.
答案与解析:
1. such as。解析:表示举例,“例如”。
2. such a。解析:固定结构“such a + adj. + 单数名词”,“如此棒的一个派对”。
23. any time (n. phrase)
词义: 任何时候,随时
近义词: whenever
词性转换: 这是一个名词短语,anytime (adv. 随时)是其副词形式。
常见搭配: You can call me any time. (你随时可以打电话给我。)
例句: Feel free to visit us any time.
翻译: 随时欢迎来访。
练习题:
1. You can start the job ______ (any time) you like.
2. (改错)You can come to my house at any time.
答案与解析:
1. anytime。解析:此处修饰整个句子,作副词,可以用“anytime”或“any time”。
2. 正确。口语中“any time”和“anytime”常可互换。
24. pick up (phr. v.)
词义: 捡起;接载(某人);学会(语言)
近义词: lift, collect, learn
反义词: put down (放下)
词性转换: 这是一个动词短语。名词形式为 pickup (n. 接人;皮卡车)。
常见搭配: pick up rubbish (捡垃圾); pick up a language (学会一门语言)
例句: Can you pick up my son from school today? / He picked up French quickly while living in Paris.
翻译: 你今天能去学校接一下我儿子吗?/ 他在巴黎居住期间很快学会了法语。
练习题:
1. I'll wait for you at the airport ______ (pick up) area.
2. She ______ (pick) up the book and began to read.
答案与解析:
1. pickup。解析:修饰名词“area”,用名词作定语,构成“接机区”。
2. picked。解析:描述过去发生的动作,用一般过去时。
25. rubbish (n.)
词义: (英)垃圾,废物;废话
近义词: (美)garbage, trash; nonsense (废话)
反义词: treasure (珍宝)
词性转换: rubbish (n.) → rubbishy (adj. 质量差的,无价值的)
常见搭配: a rubbish bin (垃圾桶); talk rubbish (说废话)
例句: Don't forget to take out the rubbish.
翻译: 别忘了倒垃圾。
练习题:
1. This movie is ______ (rubbish)! It's so boring.
2. We need to sort the ______ (rubbish) for recycling.
答案与解析:
1. rubbish。解析:此处作表语,意为“垃圾,很差劲”。
2. rubbish。解析:作动词“sort”的宾语,是不可数名词。
26. bench (n.)
词义: 长椅;工作台
近义词: seat
词性转换: bench (n.) → bench press (n. 卧推) (体育)
常见搭配: sit on a bench (坐在长椅上); a park bench (公园长椅)
例句: The old men were sitting on a bench, chatting.
翻译: 老人们坐在长椅上聊天。
练习题:
1. The carpenter is working at his ______ (bench).
2. There are several wooden ______ (bench) in the garden.
答案与解析:
1. bench。解析:此处意为“工作台”。
2. benches。解析:由“several(几个)”和“are”可知,用名词复数。
27. if (conj.)
词义: 如果;是否
近义词: whether (是否,用于名词性从句)
常见搭配: if possible (如果可能的话);引导条件状语从句和宾语从句。
例句: If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay at home. / I don't know if he will come.
翻译: 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。/ 我不知道他是否会来。
练习题:
1. ______ (if) he is coming, please let me know.
2. I wonder ______ (if) this is the right answer.
答案与解析:
1. If。解析:引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”。
2. if/whether。解析:引导动词“wonder”的宾语从句,表示“是否”。
28. in a hurry (phrase)
词义: 匆忙地,急忙
近义词: hurriedly, quickly
反义词: slowly, at leisure (悠闲地)
词性转换: 这是一个固定介词短语。其形容词是 hurried (匆忙的)。
常见搭配: be in a hurry to do sth. (急于做某事)
例句: She left in a hurry and forgot her umbrella.
翻译: 她匆匆离开,忘了带伞。
练习题:
1. He ate a ______ (hurry) breakfast and ran to school.
2. There's no need to be ______ such a hurry.
答案与解析:
1. hurried。解析:修饰名词“breakfast”,用形容词,意为“匆忙的早餐”。
2. in。解析:固定搭配“be in a hurry”。
29. anything (pron.)
词义: (用于疑问句、否定句或条件句) 任何事物;(用于肯定句) 随便什么事物
反义词: nothing (没有任何事物)
词性转换: 不定代词,无词性转换。
常见搭配: anything else (别的任何东西);anything important (任何重要的事情)
例句: Is there anything interesting on TV? / You can ask me anything.
翻译: 电视上有什么有趣的节目吗?/ 你可以问我任何事。
练习题: (练习形容词后置)
1. Did you buy ______ special?
2. I'm so hungry. I could eat ______.
答案与解析:
1. anything。解析:疑问句中,用“anything”,形容词“special”后置修饰它。
2. anything。解析:肯定句,表示“任何东西”。
30. invite (v.)
词义: 邀请;招致(不好的事)
近义词: ask, welcome
反义词: uninvite(取消邀请)
词性转换: invite (v.) → invitation (n. 邀请函) → inviting (adj. 诱人的)
常见搭配: invite sb. to a party (邀请某人参加聚会); invite trouble (惹麻烦)
例句: I'd like to invite you to my birthday party.
翻译: 我想邀请你参加我的生日聚会。
练习题:
1. I received an ______ (invite) to her wedding.
2. The smell from the kitchen is very ______ (invite).
答案与解析:
1. invitation。解析:不定冠词“an”后需要名词,意为“一份邀请函”。
2. inviting。解析:在系动词“is”后作表语,需形容词,意为“诱人的”。
31. exchange (v. & n.)
词义: v./n. 交换;交流;兑换
近义词: v./n. trade, swap
反义词: keep, hold (保留)
词性转换: exchange (v./n.) → exchangeable (adj. 可交换的)
常见搭配: exchange gifts (交换礼物); exchange ideas (交流想法)
例句: We exchanged phone numbers. / There was a cultural exchange between the two schools.
翻译: 我们交换了电话号码。/ 两校之间进行了一次文化交流。
练习题:
1. She is an ______ (exchange) student from Germany.
2. This item is not ______ (exchange) unless you have the receipt.
答案与解析:
1. exchange。解析:修饰名词“student”,用名词作定语,构成“交换生”。
2. exchangeable。解析:在系动词“is”后作表语,需形容词,意为“可退换的”。
32. notice (n. & v.)
词义: n. 通知;注意; v. 注意到
近义词: n. announcement; v. see, observe
反义词: v. ignore, overlook (忽视)
词性转换: notice (n./v.) → noticeable (adj. 显而易见的)
常见搭配: take notice of (注意); put up a notice (张贴通知)
例句: Did you see the notice on the board? / I noticed a strange man outside.
翻译: 你看到布告板上的通知了吗?/ 我注意到外面有个陌生男人。
练习题:
1. There's been a ______ (notice) improvement in his health.
2. She left without ______ (notice).
答案与解析:
1. noticeable。解析:修饰名词“improvement”,需用形容词,意为“明显的”。
2. notice。解析:介词“without”后需要名词,意为“没有通知(任何人)”。
33. information (n.)
词义: 信息,情报,资料
近义词: data, facts
词性转换: information (n.) → inform (v. 通知) → informative (adj. 信息丰富的)
常见搭配: useful information (有用的信息); a piece of information (一条信息)
例句: You can find more information on our website.
翻译: 你可以在我们网站上找到更多信息。
练习题:
1. Please ______ (information) me of any changes.
2. The documentary was very ______ (information).
答案与解析:
1. inform。解析:情态动词“Please”后接动词原形,意为“通知我”。
2. informative。解析:在系动词“was”后作表语,需形容词,意为“信息量大的,有教育意义的”。
34. below (prep. & adv.)
词义: prep. 在…下面; adv. 在下面,向下
近义词: prep. under, beneath; adv. underneath
反义词: prep. above (在…上面); adv. above (在上面)
词性转换: 介词/副词,无词性转换。
常见搭配: see below (见下文); below zero (零度以下)
例句: Please write your name below the line. / The answer is given below.
翻译: 请在线下写上你的名字。/ 答案在下面给出。
练习题:
1. The temperature dropped ______ (below) freezing last night.
2. Read the instructions ______ (below) carefully.
答案与解析:
1. below。解析:作介词,后接宾语“freezing(冰点)”。
2. below。解析:作副词,修饰整个句子,意为“在下面”。
35. fever (n.)
词义: 发烧,发热
近义词: temperature (通常与have连用表示发烧)
词性转换: fever (n.) → feverish (adj. 发烧的;狂热的)
常见搭配: have a fever (发烧); a high fever (高烧)
例句: The child has a fever and needs to see a doctor.
翻译: 这孩子发烧了,需要看医生。
练习题:
1. She felt ______ (fever) and went to bed early.
2. He is in a state of great ______ (fever) excitement.
答案与解析:
1. feverish。解析:在系动词“felt”后作表语,需形容词,意为“发烧的,感觉在发烧”。
2. feverish。解析:修饰名词“excitement”,需用形容词,意为“狂热的兴奋”。
36. sore (adj.)
词义: (发炎)疼痛的,酸痛的
近义词: painful, aching
反义词: painless (无痛的)
词性转换: sore (adj.) → soreness (n. 疼痛)
常见搭配: a sore throat (喉咙痛); sore muscles (肌肉酸痛)
例句: I have a sore throat from too much singing.
翻译: 我唱歌太多,喉咙痛。
练习题:
1. After the long run, he felt some ______ (sore) in his legs.
2. This medicine can help relieve the ______ (sore) throat.
答案与解析:
1. soreness。解析:动词“felt”后需名词作宾语,意为“感到疼痛”。
2. sore。解析:修饰名词“throat”,用形容词,是固定搭配“喉咙痛”。
37. trouble (n. & v.)
词义: n. 麻烦,困难; v. (使)烦恼,费神
近义词: n. problem, difficulty; v. bother, disturb
反义词: n. ease (安逸)
词性转换: trouble (n./v.) → troublesome (adj. 麻烦的,棘手的) → troubled (adj. 烦恼的)
常见搭配: be in trouble (陷入麻烦); take the trouble to do sth. (费心做某事)
例句: I don't want to cause you any trouble. / May I trouble you for a glass of water?
翻译: 我不想给你添任何麻烦。/ 能麻烦您给我一杯水吗?
练习题:
1. He's a very ______ (trouble) student who often breaks the rules.
2. She looked ______ (trouble) and worried.
答案与解析:
1. troublesome。解析:修饰名词“student”,需用形容词,意为“令人头疼的,麻烦的”。
2. troubled。解析:在系动词“looked”后作表语,需形容词,意为“烦恼的”。
38. machine (n.)
词义: 机器,机械装置
近义词: device, apparatus
词性转换: machine (n.) → machinery (n. 机器总称,机械) → mechanic (n. 机械师)
常见搭配: a washing machine (洗衣机); operate a machine (操作机器)
例句: This machine can make coffee automatically.
翻译: 这台机器可以自动煮咖啡。
练习题:
1. A lot of new ______ (machine) has been installed in the factory.
2. The car broke down, so we called a ______ (machine).
答案与解析:
1. machinery。解析:谓语动词是“has been”,主语需单数或不可数名词。“machinery”是机器总称,不可数。
2. mechanic。解析:意为“机械师,修理工”,表示职业。
39. fridge / refrigerator (n.)
词义: 冰箱
近义词: icebox (旧式)
词性转换: fridge (n.) 是 refrigerator 的简称。
常见搭配: put sth. in the fridge (把某物放进冰箱)
例句: The milk is in the fridge.
翻译: 牛奶在冰箱里。
练习题:
1. Keep the meat in the ______ to keep it fresh.
2. This new ______ (refrigerator) uses very little electricity.
答案与解析:
1. fridge/refrigerator。
2. refrigerator。
40. deal (v. & n.)
词义: v. 处理,应付;交易; n. 交易;协议;(a great deal of) 大量
近义词: v. handle, manage; n. agreement
词性转换: deal (v./n.) → dealer (n. 交易商,经销商) → dealings (n. 生意往来)
常见搭配: deal with (处理,应付);a good deal (划算的交易)
例句: How do you deal with stress? / They made a deal to share the profits.
翻译: 你如何应对压力?/ 他们达成了分享利润的协议。
练习题:
1. He is a used-car ______ (deal).
2. The company has extensive business ______ (deal) in Asia.
答案与解析:
1. dealer。解析:意为“二手车经销商”,表示职业。
2. dealings。解析:意为“商业往来”,常用复数形式。
41. wonder (v. & n.)
词义: v. 想知道,感到疑惑; n. 惊奇;奇迹
近义词: v. question, ponder; n. amazement, marvel
反义词: v. know (知道)
词性转换: wonder (v./n.) → wonderful (adj. 极好的) → wondering (adj. 疑惑的)
常见搭配: I wonder if... (我想知道是否…); no wonder (难怪)
例句: I wonder what time it is. / The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.
翻译: 我想知道几点了。/ 长城是世界奇迹之一。
练习题:
1. We had a ______ (wonder) time at the party.
2. She looked at him with a ______ (wonder) expression.
答案与解析:
1. wonderful。解析:修饰名词“time”,需用形容词,意为“极好的”。
2. wondering 或 wonderful。解析:修饰名词“expression”。用“wondering”意为“疑惑的表情”;用“wonderful”意为“美妙的表情”。根据常见搭配,“wondering”更贴切。
42. able (adj.)
词义: 有能力的,能够…的
近义词: capable, competent
反义词: unable (不能的)
词性转换: able (adj.) → ability (n. 能力) → enable (v. 使能够) → disabled (adj. 残疾的)
常见搭配: be able to do sth. (能够做某事)
例句: Will you be able to finish the work by Friday?
翻译: 你能在周五前完成工作吗?
练习题:
1. She has the ______ (able) to speak three languages.
2. This technology will ______ (able) us to work more efficiently.
答案与解析:
1. ability。解析:定冠词“the”后需要名词,意为“能力”。
2. enable。解析:情态动词“will”后接动词原形,意为“使我们能够”。
43. post (v. & n.)
词义: v. 邮寄;发布(信息); n. 邮政;邮件;职位;(英)邮寄
近义词: v. mail, send; n. mail, job, position
反义词: v. receive (接收)
词性转换: post (v./n.) → postal (adj. 邮政的) → poster (n. 海报) → postage (n. 邮资)
常见搭配: post a letter (寄信); post office (邮局)
例句: I need to post this parcel today. / He applied for a post as a teacher.
翻译: 我今天得把这个包裹寄出去。/ 他申请了一个教师职位。
练习题:
1. How much is the ______ (post) for this letter to Canada?
2. The ______ (post) service in this country is very slow.
答案与解析:
1. postage。解析:作主语,意为“邮资是多少”。
2. postal。解析:修饰名词“service”,需用形容词,意为“邮政服务”。
44. raise (v.)
词义: 举起;提高;筹集;养育
近义词: lift, increase, collect, bring up
反义词: lower (降低)
词性转换: raise (v.) → rise (v. 升起,不及物动词) → raise (n. 加薪,美式)
常见搭配: raise your hand (举手); raise money (筹钱); raise a family (养家)
例句: They are trying to raise funds for the new library. / The sun rises in the east.
翻译: 他们正在努力为新图书馆筹集资金。/ 太阳从东方升起。
练习题:
1. Prices continue to ______ (raise).
2. He asked for a ______ (raise) because of his good work.
答案与解析:
1. rise。解析:此句没有宾语,需要不及物动词,表示“价格上涨”。
2. raise。解析:(美式英语)作名词,意为“加薪”。
45. organize (v.)
词义: 组织;安排;使有条理
近义词: arrange, plan, set up
反义词: disorganize (使混乱)
词性转换: organize (v.) → organization (n. 组织) → organizer (n. 组织者) → organized (adj. 有组织的)
常见搭配: organize a meeting (组织会议); a well-organized plan (一个组织得很好的计划)
例句: Who will organize the class trip this year?
翻译: 今年谁将组织班级旅行?
练习题:
1. She is the main ______ (organize) of the event.
2. He works for an international ______ (organize) that helps children.
答案与解析:
1. organizer。解析:意为“组织者”,表示人。
2. organization。解析:意为“组织,机构”,表示团体。
46. give away (phr. v.)
词义: 赠送;分发;泄露(秘密)
近义词: donate, distribute, reveal
反义词: keep (保留)
词性转换: 这是一个动词短语。名词形式为 giveaway (n. 赠品;泄露)。
常见搭配: give away old clothes (捐掉旧衣服); give away the ending (剧透结局)
例句: He decided to give away all his old books to the library.
翻译: 他决定把他所有的旧书都捐给图书馆。
练习题:
1. The first 50 customers will receive a free ______ (give away).
2. His accent ______ (give) away the fact that he was from Scotland.
答案与解析:
1. giveaway。解析:作名词,意为“赠品”。
2. gave。解析:描述过去事实,用一般过去时。短语整体意为“泄露了”。
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