专题1 题型1 阅读理解C、D篇培优练(3) 课时作业-【优化探究】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习配套课件

社会与生活专题 阅读理解C、D篇培优练(三) A组 C (2025·广东六校第一次联考)You've most likely heard the news by now: A car-commuting，desk-bound, TV-watching lifestyle can be harmful to our health.All the time that we spend rooted in the chair is linked to increased risks of so many deadly diseases that experts have named this modern-day health epidemic the “sitting disease”． Sitting for too long slows down the body's metabolism (新陈代谢) and the way enzymes break down our fat reserves, raising both blood sugar levels and blood pressure.Small amounts of regular activity, even just standing and moving around , throughout the day are enough to bring the increased levels back down.And those small amounts of activity add up—30 minutes of light activity in two or three-minute bursts can be just as effective as a half-hour block of exercise.But without that activity, blood sugar levels and blood pressure keep creeping up, steadily damaging the inside of the arteries (动脉) and increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, a stroke, and other serious diseases.In essence, fundamental changes in biology occur if you sit for too long. But wait, you're a runner.You needn't worry about the harm of a sedentary lifestyle because you exercise regularly, right? Well, not so fast.Recent studies show that people spend an average of 64 hours a week sitting, whether or not they exercise 150 minutes a week as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).Regular exercisers, furthermore, are found to be about 30 percent less active on the days when they exercise.Overall, most people simply aren't exercising or moving around enough to balance out all the harm that can result from sitting nine hours or more a day. Scared straight out of your chair？Good.The remedy is as simple as standing up and taking breaks for activity. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了长时间坐着的生活方式对健康的威胁，并指出久坐会减缓新陈代谢，影响脂肪分解，导致血糖和血压升高，增加患多种严重疾病的风险。文章还提到可以通过站立等轻松的活动来减轻久坐的危害。 1 2 3 4 1．Which is the best way to bring down high blood sugar levels and blood pressure? A．Doing exercise for 150 minutes or more every week. B．Getting rid of the habit of car commuting and TV watching. C．Standing or moving around for at least two minutes every day. D．Interrupting sitting time with light activity as often as possible. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Small amounts of regular activity, even just standing and moving around...to bring the increased levels back down.”和“30 minutes of light activity in two or three-minute bursts can be just as effective as a half-hour block of exercise”可知，通过日常的轻微活动(如站立和走动)就可以降低血糖和血压水平。每次两到三分钟，累计30分钟的轻微活动可以和一次半小时的锻炼一样有效。故选D。“Interrupting”是对文中的“30 minutes...in two or three-minute bursts”的同义转换。 1 2 3 4 2．What does the word“sedentary”in the third paragraph most likely mean? A．Inactive.　　　　　　　 B．Risky. C．Overloaded. D．Unbalanced. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“But wait, you're a runner. You needn't worry about the harm of a sedentary lifestyle because you exercise regularly, right？”可知，此处 sedentary lifestyle与跑步者的生活方式是相反的，故推测sedentary与 inactive 的意思相近，故选A。 1 2 3 4 3．Which of the following may be inferred about those who do serious exercise? A．They always meet the exercise standard recommended by WHO. B．They tend to stand or move less on the days when they work out. C．They usually remove all the harmful effects of sitting for too long. D．They generally spend less time sitting than those who do not exercise. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。 根据第三段中的“Regular exercisers, furthermore, are found to be about 30 percent less active on the days when they exercise.”可知，定期锻炼的人在锻炼的日子里活动量会降低大约30%，所以可推断，他们往往在锻炼的日子里站立或者活动得更少，故选B。“stand or move less”与文中的“about 30 percent less active”是同义表达。 1 2 3 4 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The challenges of the modern lifestyle. B．The effects of regular activity on our body. C．The reasons for the spread of a modern epidemic. D．The threat to our health from long hours of sitting. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了长时间坐着的生活方式对健康的威胁，包括增加多种严重疾病的风险。因此，D项“久坐对我们的健康的威胁”最能概括文章主旨。 1 2 3 4 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：desk-bound adj.从事(办公桌上的)桌面工作的　deadly adj.致命的 Para.2：fundamental adj.十分重大的，根本的 Para.3：overall adv.一般来说，总体上 Para.4：remedy n．(问题的)解决方法，(糟糕状况的)补救方法 熟词 生义 Para.1：root常用义：n.根，根部；根源，起因v.(使)生根　文章义：v.使固定 Para.2：reserve常用义：v.预订；保留；拥有，保持，保留(某种权力)n.(动植物)保护区，自然保护区　文章义：n.储备 必备 短语 Para.1：be linked to与……有关 Para.2：add up积少成多 Para.3：not so fast不要那么快，慢点，别急　balance out...与……相抵/抵消　result from因……而产生，由……造成 长难句 分析 All the time that we spend rooted in the chair is linked to increased risks of so many deadly diseases that experts have named this modern-day health epidemic the “sitting disease”．(Para.1) 分析：本句是主从复合句。句子主干为All the time is linked to increased risks of so many deadly diseases。句中的第一个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the time; 第二个that引导结果状语从句。 译文：我们坐在椅子上不动的所有时间与许多致命疾病风险的增加有关，以至于专家们将这种现代健康流行病称为“久坐病”。 D (2025·广东六校第二次联考)The book has a unique status as a symbol of human culture and civilization.It is a vehicle for sharing stories, spreading knowledge, examining the nature of our extraordinary species and imagining what lies beyond our familiar world.As Carlyle suggests, books ultimately provide an invaluable and comprehensive record of what it means to be humans. This volume (书) takes a list of fifty of the most influential books of all time, putting each into its historical context.From ancient game-changers like The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Iliad, through sacred texts and works of philosophical reflection by the likes of Confucius and Plato, via scientific essays, historic “firsts”and cultural works of enduring impact, these are volumes that are at once both products of their societies and vital texts in influencing those same civilizations. What this selection isn't is a celebration of the literary canon (精品)，a reaffirmation of the “best” books from the past.You will find no Austen or Dickens here, nor Dostoyevsky or García Márquez.There is Shakespeare and Cervantes and Tolstoy, but not because they are somehow“better” than those others.Rather, this collection is aimed at selecting books that reflect the passage of human history.Most not only reflect，though, but themselves have changed how we think and live.By definition, they are “important” works and, in broad critical terms，“great” works too.But this book is not concerned with which works are the greatest of all—there are plenty of other volumes that try to figure that out, and good luck to them. Unavoidably, making a selection such as this is highly subjective.In selecting fifty titles, we can only hope to dip our toe into the vast pool of literature from ages gone by.In doing so, it is foolish to make any claim for definiteness (确定性).Instead, we are playing a literary game.Which of the fifty choices are undeniable? Which are taking a place better deserved by some other works? Everyone will have their own ideas.In the end, it matters little that we all agree.More important is that by turning our minds to the question in the first place, we might meet some unfamiliar works, revisit some old favorites and gain some insight and pleasure in the process. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本书集，该书集列出了50本有史以来最具影响力的书，这些书反映了人类历史进程，能改变我们的思考方式和生活方式。 5 6 7 8 5．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．Criteria for selecting important books. B．The types of books included in the list. C．The role of influential books in history. D．Books as a record of human civilization. 答案：D 解析：段落大意题。第一段讲作为人类文化和文明的象征，这本书具有独特的地位。这是一种分享故事、传播知识、研究人类本质、想象我们熟悉的世界之外的东西的媒介，书最终提供了一份宝贵而全面的关于做人意味着什么的记录。由此可知，第一段主要介绍了书记录人类文明。 5 6 7 8 6．What accounts for the 50 books being selected for the volume? A．Their high literary quality and awards. B．Their popularity and widespread influence. C．Their reflection of human history and impact. D．Their inclusion in traditional literary collections. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“this collection is aimed at selecting books that reflect the passage of human history. Most not only reflect, though, but themselves have changed how we think and live”可知，该书集旨在挑选那些反映人类历史进程的书籍，而且这些书籍还改变了我们的思考方式和生活方式。故选C。 5 6 7 8 7．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．The appreciation of literature is a game for us. B．Literature is too complicated for us to explore. C．The selecting process is subjective and flexible. D．The selection of literary works is based on definite claims. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话可知，不可避免地，做出这样的选择是非常主观的。再根据第四段中的“it is foolish to make any claim for definiteness...Which are taking a place better deserved by some other works？”可知，作者认为作出任何确定性的断言都是愚蠢的，可以对选出的50本书再次进行讨论，即选择的过程也是灵活的。故选C。 5 6 7 8 8．What is the ultimate goal of presenting the list of 50 books? A．To seek agreement on literature. B．To encourage literary exploration. C．To determine the most influential books. D．To observe a specific literary tradition. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“More important is that...gain some insight and pleasure in the process.”可知，更重要的是，通过首先将我们的思想转向这个问题，我们可能会遇到一些不熟悉的作品，重温一些旧的最爱的作品，并在这个过程中获得一些洞察力和乐趣。由此可推知，列出这50本书的最终目的是鼓励文学探索。故选B。 5 6 7 8 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：civilization n．文明　invaluable adj.极宝贵的　comprehensive adj.全部的，所有的，(几乎)无所不包的，详尽的 Para.2：context n．环境，背景　game-changer n．游戏规则改变者(指彻底改变事态发展的人、理念或事件)　enduring adj.持久的，持续的 Para.4：unavoidably adv.不可避免地　subjective adj.主观的　undeniable adj.不可否认的，无可争辩的 熟词 生义 Para.1：vehicle n．常用义：交通工具，车辆　文章义：(表达和传播思想、观点的)媒介(物)，手段 必备 短语 Para.3：by definition就本身而言，根据定义　Para.4：in the first place首先；起初 B组 C (2025·安徽六校入学考试)A handshake seems to be a normal gesture.In fact, in the 9th century BCE, an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser Ⅲ clearly shows two figures holding hands.Centuries later, Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It.Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time. Historians who have studied ancient etiquette (礼仪) books have noted that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends.But if Shakespeare was writing about handshaking hundreds of years earlier, what happened? According to author Torbjörn Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World, the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake.The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace.Shakespeare was similarly referencing the settlement of a conflict. The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace.As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg—the chief authority on the history of handshaking—wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture, “More than in any other field, that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues.” As the centuries progressed，handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical (等级制度的) ways of greeting—like bowing.Handshaking survived in a few remote places, like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements.Around the same time, those who valued equality also made use of handshaking.Then, as the Continent's hierarchy weakened, handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了握手这一古老的礼仪习俗的起源和演变。 1 2 3 4 1．Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first paragraph? A．To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find. B．To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom. C．To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction. D．To explain the value of handshaking in communication. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。第一段提到的“莎士比亚曾在《皆大欢喜》中描写了两个人物握手并发誓成为兄弟”与其前的“在一个古代遗址中，清晰地呈现出两个人物握手的画面”为并列关系，作者通过这两个例子证明“Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time.(握手似乎是一种古老的习俗，其根源已经消失在时间的长河中)”。故选B。 1 2 3 4 2．What can we learn about handshaking from the text? A．The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace. B．Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in the Netherlands. C．It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement. D．It is common practice between people of different social positions. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Historians...have noted that the modern handshake did not appear...it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends.”可知，研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家指出，现代握手礼直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种略微不恰当的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。再由第三段中的“The early handshakes...making deals or peace.”可知，早期的握手是达成协议或和解的一部分。故选C。C项“握手仅在朋友之间使用，也用于达成协议”。 1 2 3 4 3．Which of the following is similar in meaning to the underlined“anthology” in paragraph 4? A．The science of mental ability. B．A collection of selected literary passages. C．A daily written record of experiences. D．All the living things of a particular region. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子可知，一位荷兰社会学家在名为《手势的文化史》这一“anthology”中的一个章节中写道“More than in any other field...make the most of only a few clues.”，故画线词指的是这位荷兰社会学家所撰写的某一本书。故选B。 1 2 3 4 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the text? A．The handshake has disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands. B．Handshaking has different meanings in different European countries. C．Handshakes are now common between people of different positions. D．Most Europeans prefer to shake hands owing to the weakening effect of rank. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“as the Continent's hierarchy weakened, handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today(随着欧洲大陆等级制度的减弱，握手成为相同等级的人之间的普遍做法，就像现在一样)”可推知，大多数欧洲人更喜欢握手，是因为等级制度的影响越来越弱。故选D。 1 2 3 4 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.2：inappropriate adj.不合适的，不恰当的 Para.3：definition n．定义，释义 Para.4：trace v．追溯，追究 熟词 生义 Para.5：progress常用义：n.进步，进展，进程　文章义：v.(时间上)推移，流逝 survive v．常用义：幸存　文章义：继续存在 必备 短语 Para.1：the sands of time (快速流逝的)光阴，时光 Para.3：make peace (with sb.)(与某人)和解 Para.4：make the most of充分利用 Para.5：common practice常规做法，普遍做法 长难句 分析 Historians who have studied ancient etiquette books have noted that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends.(Para.2) 分析：本句为主从复合句。句子主干为Historians have noted that...；句中who引导定语从句，修饰historians；第一个that引导宾语从句，其中when引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the middle of the 19th century；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词gesture。 译文：研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家指出，现代握手礼直到 19 世纪中叶才出现，当时它被视为一种略显不得体的手势，只应在朋友之间使用。 D (2025·广东惠州二调)Researchers at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research analyzed historical food prices across various food categories and countries globally, looking at the impact of climatic change on food inflation (通货膨胀) and the potential implications of future climate change.They found that annual food inflation will rise by 3.2 percent per year and overall inflation by 1.18 percent per year by 2035.And all nations will be impacted, while hot regions and summers will see the most significant consequences. “Looking at over 27，000 observations of historical data, we found that increases in temperatures can increase food prices, particularly in hot regions and hot seasons，” said Max Kotz, a co-author of the study.“Under future climate conditions, these impacts could become large, threatening the price stability commands of central banks such as the ECB (European Central Bank), which aims to keep inflation below 2 percent.” The report highlighted how rising or unstable prices endanger human welfare and economic and political stability, pointing to United Nations data showing that the cost-of-living crisis in 2021 and 2022 resulted in 71 million more people falling into poverty globally.The study found that increases in temperatures, particularly in hot regions and during summers, lead to heightened inflation levels, which are more pronounced in lower latitudes (纬度地区) like Africa and South America.Regions at higher latitudes experience seasonal peaks, mostly in the summer months. Data showed a 1 ℃ rise in average monthly temperatures affects prices for nearly a year, similarly to extra rainfall.However, price impacts resulting from extreme drought are only temporary.Researchers examined the extremely hot European summer of 2022, when heat and drought had far-reaching effects on agriculture and the economy.“We estimate that the 2022 summer heat extreme increased food inflation in Europe by about 0.6 percent，”said Kotz. Researchers claimed that future warming projected for 2035 would multiply the impacts of such extremes by up to 50 percent.These effects are particularly relevant for currency unions with a 2 percent inflation target, such as the Eurozone, and will continue to increase with future global warming. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究人员通过分析全球不同食品类别和国家的历史食品价格，研究气候变化对食品通胀的影响以及未来气候变化的潜在影响。他们发现气温升高将导致食品价格上涨，在炎热地区和夏季更为显著。 5 6 7 8 5．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．Natural consequences of climate change. B．The link between food prices and climate. C．Food prices in hot regions during summers. D．The impact of food inflation on food prices. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，研究人员在研究气候变化对食品通胀的影响以及未来气候变化的潜在影响，他们发现到2035年，食品年通胀率将以每年3.2%的速度上升，总体通胀率将以每年1.18%的速度上升，所有国家都将受到影响，而炎热地区和夏季将面临最严重的后果。再结合第二段中的“we found that increases in temperatures can increase food prices, particularly in hot regions and hot seasons”可知，食品通胀表示食品价格升高，所以第一段揭示的是食品价格和气候之间的关系。故选B。 5 6 7 8 6．What might the rising prices lead to according to the researchers' report? A．Massive poverty. B．Human welfare. C．Environmental crisis. D．Economic stability. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The report highlighted how rising or unstable prices endanger human welfare and economic and political stability...the cost-of living crisis in 2021 and 2022 resulted in 71 million more people falling into poverty globally.”可知，该报告强调了价格上涨或不稳定如何危及人类福祉以及经济和政治稳定，并援引联合国数据显示，2021年和2022年的生活成本危机导致全球7 100多万人陷入贫困。由此可知，持续增长的价格可能会导致大规模贫困。故选A。 5 6 7 8 7．Why is the European summer of 2022 mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To give an example of the research findings. B．To provide reasons for the researchers' doubt. C．To show practical significance of the research. D．To state researchers' methods for data analysis. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。第四段前两句讲数据显示，月平均气温上升1 ℃对价格的影响将持续近一年，而极端干旱对价格的影响只是暂时的。接着文章列举了研究人员调查了2022年欧洲极端炎热的夏季，当时炎热和干旱对农业和经济产生了深远的影响。由此可推知，文章提及2022年欧洲的夏季是为了给研究发现提供一个例子，说明研究结论是正确的。故选A。 5 6 7 8 8．What is the researchers' attitude toward food inflation? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Concerned. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：观点态度题。通读全文可知，研究人员发现气温升高会导致全球食品通胀，从而危及人类福祉，威胁经济和政治的稳定，且这些影响将随着未来全球变暖而继续增强。由此可推知，研究人员对食品通胀是非常关注且担忧的。故选D。 5 6 7 8 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：historical adj.(有关)历史的；历史上的　category n．类别，种类，范畴　potential adj.潜在的，可能的n.可能性，潜在性；潜力　implication n．可能的影响(或作用、结果)；暗指；(被)牵连，牵涉 Para.2：stability n．稳定(性)，稳固(性) Para.3：welfare n．幸福，安全与健康；福利　poverty n．贫穷，贫困　peak n．顶峰，高峰 Para.4：rainfall n．降雨量　drought n．旱灾，久旱　far-reaching adj.影响深远的 Para.5：multiply v．迅速增加，成倍增加 熟词 生义 Para.5：project常用义：n.项目，工程；计划，规划　文章义：v.预计，推想 长难句 分析 The report highlighted how rising or unstable prices endanger human welfare and economic and political stability，pointing to United Nations data showing that the cost-of-living crisis in 2021 and 2022 resulted in 71 million more people falling into poverty globally.(Para.3) 分析：本句为主从复合句。句子主干为The report highlighted how...stability。句中how引导宾语从句；pointing to...globally为现在分词短语作状语，其中showing...globally为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰data，that引导宾语从句。 译文：该报告强调了物价上涨或不稳定如何危及人类福祉以及经济和政治稳定，并援引联合国数据表明，2021年和2022年的生活成本危机导致全球7 100多万人陷入贫困。 感谢您的观看 $