专题1 题型1 第3讲 阅读理解文体练(4) 课时作业-【优化探究】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习配套课件

议论文 阅读理解文体练(四) 议论文是说理性文章， 一般由论点、论据和论证组成。议论文首先提出论点，再通过提供充分的论据， 使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。相对于其他文体， 议论文阅读要难一些， 答题时要注意： ①抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文时，我们要抓住论题， 即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题， 就抓住了文章的中心。 ②注重文章结构， 厘清文章脉络。把握文章结构， 有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲， 常见的议论文结构有以下两类：“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”和“由论点到论据再到结论或者强调论点的过程”。 ③体会文章语言特点， 把握作者的写作态度， 准确进行推理判断。一般来说， 对于作者的总体态度和倾向， 必须在通读全文， 掌握了论点和论据后， 方能做出判断。在判断作者的观点态度时应注意， 有时候作者的观点和态度并未明确地表达出来， 需要我们认真体会。 A (2025·江苏南京六校联合调研)One day, my 11-year-old daughter told me that she wanted to return a pair of pants on an online shopping platform.“You need to keep clicking the ‘something else’ button if you want to talk to a real person，” I told her.She followed my words, and after a bit of clicking, she managed to talk to a real person and get the pants returned.In the process, I had the chance to think about what this everyday interaction was teaching my daughter. I thought about what it meant to constantly ask for “something else”．It's not only about having a real person to talk with.It's equally about the quality of our communication.It's about thinking something, saying it, and then having another person think and say something back to you.It seems simple and yet it may become the exception, not the rule.In many cases, it already has. With the “quick responses” at the bottom of the mailbox, potential responses often appear right in front of us.“Yes, sure.”“Of course！” or “I got it.”The responses, I've noticed, are mostly okay.Sometimes, they're exactly what I want to say.Occasionally, they're wildly wrong.At first, I told myself I wouldn't use those pre-made responses.Soon enough, though, I got in a rush and found they were good. What would happen if our language got automated in general in this way? What if, instead of generating responses, we simply pointed and clicked? Choosing a response is a kind of thinking, but it's far less accurate than the kind needed to generate content.It has to do more with recognizing a “good enough” response.Instead of starting with a blank board, we critique (评判) things.That's not useless, but it doesn't replace thinking in a generative way.If kids only critique something, they won't have original thoughts.They may become great editors, but they'll likely struggle to create ideas in fresh ways. There's no simple solution and certainly no way to turn back the clock on the automated talk.Yet, as we move forward, we need to consider carefully how simple changes in communication can have serious effects.If we want to help our kids, the “something else” we searched for—authentic human conversation—should not be the exception, but the rule. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了自动化对话对人际沟通质量以及孩子们创造性思维的影响。文章指出，为了帮助孩子们，真实的人类对话不应成为例外，而应成为常态。 1 2 3 4 1．What contributes to high-quality communication according to paragraph 2? A．The clear goals. B．The exact expressions. C．The process of thinking. D．The immediate response. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It's equally about the quality of our communication. It's about thinking something...say something back to you.”可知，寻求人工服务同样是寻求沟通质量的，它涉及思考某件事，说出来，然后有另一个人思考并回应你。因此结合选项可知，思考的过程有助于进行高质量的沟通。故选C项。 2．How does the author feel about using the pre-made responses? A．Excited and eager to try them out. B．Annoyed and not interested in them. C．Disappointed by their inaccurate suggestions. D．Unwilling but finally aware of their convenience. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At first, I told myself I wouldn't use...found they were good.”可知，作者最初告诉自己不会使用那些预制回复，但很快在匆忙中发现它们确实方便。这表明作者虽然对预制回复持不情愿态度，但最终还是接受了它们的便利性。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 3．What will happen to kids with the automation of language? A．Their creativity will suffer. B．Their critical thinking ability will increase. C．Their editing skills will hardly improve. D．Their expressions will be more accurate and efficient. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段，尤其是其中的“If kids only critique something...create ideas in fresh ways.”可知，如果语言自动化，我们就会批判事物而不是从头思考；如果孩子们只会批判某事物，他们就不会有原创的想法。他们可能成为优秀的编辑，但在创造新想法时可能会遇到困难。所以语言自动化将影响孩子们的创造力。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．My Reflection on the Automated Talk B．My Unforgettable Online Return Experience C．The Art of Guiding Children's Creativity D．The Benefits of Using Automation in Communication 答案：A 1 2 3 4 解析：标题归纳题。作者在文章中通过讲述自己的个人经历和观察，探讨了自动化对话对沟通质量的影响，以及它对孩子们的创造力的潜在影响。因此，“我对自动化对话的反思”最能涵盖文章的主要内容。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：interaction n．相互作用，相互影响，互动，交流 Para.2：exception n．例外 Para.3：occasionally adv.偶然，偶尔，有时候 Para.4：automated adj.自动化的　accurate adj.精确的，准确的　generate v．产生，引起　content n．(书、讲话、节目等的)主题，主要内容　original adj.首创的，独创的，有独创性的 Para.5：authentic adj.真正的，真品的，真迹的；真实的 必备 短语 Para.3：in a rush匆忙地 Para.4：in general通常，一般来说 B (2025·吉林长春二模)An alarming phenomenon has sprung up over the past few years: Many students are arriving at college unprepared to read entire books. Many students are overwhelmed by the thought of reading multiple books a semester. They shut down when they're faced with ideas they don't understand. Why is this happening? The attraction of smartphones and social media came up, and it appears that many middle and high schools are teaching fewer full books. But one possible cause that I nod to is a change in values, not ability. The problem does not appear to be that “kids these days” are incurious or uninterested in reading. Instead, young people might be responding to a cultural message: Books just aren't that important. I once spoke with 33 professors at some top universities, who didn't think their students were lazy. It is not unusual that their students' schedules are crowded with activities that are less about personal development and more relevant to future employment. “There are too many demands on their time to devote themselves fully to works of literature that might take 20 hours to consume，” said James Shapiro, an English professor at Columbia. In 1971, 37% students said that a core objective of their college years was to become well-off financially. 73% said it was to develop a meaningful philosophy of life. By 2015, those numbers had almost reversed (颠倒). Experts and parents alike have emphasized preprofessional courses but downplayed the importance of humanistic study. However society changes, there is no denying that reading is of significance. If we've shifted what we hold in esteem (推崇), it is reasonable that we could, as a society, shift back. The responsibility doesn't lie only with Generation Z. Everyone who's upset about the change has a role to play in reversing it. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章指出近几年来出现很多大学生没有准备好阅读整本书的现象，其原因可能包括智能手机和社交媒体的吸引、很多中学和高中教授的整本书的减少以及价值观的变化等。 5 6 7 8 5．According to the author, what is the cause of the phenomenon? A．Many distractions from digital devices. B．Inadequate preparations for college life. C．A misguided belief in reading full books. D．Disqualifications of secondary school teachers. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But one possible cause that I nod to is a change in values, not ability...Books just aren't that important.”可知，作者认为，一个可能的原因是价值观的变化，问题似乎并不在于如今的孩子们没有好奇心或者对阅读不感兴趣。相反，年轻人可能是在回应一种文化信息：书籍并不是那么重要。所以可推知，作者认为出现这种现象的原因是人们对阅读整本书这件事的观点是错误的。故C项正确。 5 6 7 8 6．What can be inferred from James Shapiro's words? A．Schools should offer time management courses. B．Students are occupied with their works of literature. C．Reading literary pieces is beyond students' available time. D．Professors believe employment is more related to personal growth. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘There are too many demands on their time to devote themselves fully to works of literature that might take 20 hours to consume，’said James Shapiro”可知，James Shapiro认为学生们的时间被太多事情占据，无法全身心投入可能需要20个小时来阅读的文学作品中。所以可推测，阅读文学作品超出了学生们可利用的时间。故C项正确。 5 6 7 8 7．What does the underlined word “downplayed” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Highlighted.　　　　 B．Underestimated. C．Recognized. D．Misunderstood. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：词义猜测题。根据该词所在句“Experts and parents alike have emphasized preprofessional courses but downplayed the importance of humanistic study.”可知，专家和家长都强调职前课程，but 表示转折，所以downplay应该与emphasize意思相反， emphasize是“强调”，所以 downplay意思是“贬低”。故B项正确。 5 6 7 8 8．What is the author's purpose of writing the last paragraph? A．To restate an opinion. B．To stir up a debate. C．To issue an announcement. D．To put forward a proposal. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，作者先强调了阅读的重要性，然后指出如果我们已经改变了我们所推崇的东西，那么作为一个社会，我们也有理由转变回来，并且改变现状的责任不只在于Z世代，每个对这种变化感到不安的人都可以在扭转现状这件事中发挥作用。这表明作者是在呼吁大家共同努力，重视阅读，所以作者写最后一段的目的是提出一个建议。故选D项。 5 6 7 8 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：phenomenon n．现象；杰出的人 Para.2：incurious adj.不感兴趣的，不好奇的，漫不经心的 Para.3：schedule n．工作计划，日程安排 Para.4：objective n．目标，目的　emphasize v．强调，重视，着重　humanistic adj.人文主义的 必备 短语 Para.1：spring up冒出，涌出；突然生长或出现　be overwhelmed by...对……感到不知所措 Para.3：be crowded with...挤满/充满……　be relevant to...与……相关 Para.5：there is no denying that...不可否认…… C (2025·安徽六校联考)Public health data signals a genuine crisis in adolescent mental health：rising rates of anxiety，depression, and hopelessness.But as we worry about teens who are struggling, we can't ignore another mounting effect—the burdens that are shouldered by their friends and peers in an “always on” world. We have studied teens and tech for over a decade.Their networks are ever-expanding, in no small part because there's a sense that being nice means accepting fellow requests from acquaintances and friends-of-friends.And it's not just staying connected—it's keeping up with what others post, too. Social media platforms thus make it technically possible to maintain more relationships than ever before.The result is an overwhelming wave of social information.It's especially intense for adolescents whose sensitivities drive them to care deeply about what their peers are doing and thinking. Significant stress comes with trying to be a “good friend” in the age of social media.Friendship requires both public and behind-the-scenes support.Even before a social media post is made public, close friends can be pulled into photo selection, editing, and final examination.Besides, they need to respond in the right way and in the right amount of time, which differs from one relationship to another.Replying too quickly can be seen as over-eager, especially when the friendship is new or not close.But when it's a close friend, too long a lag (延迟) can be hurtful. Technologies have transformed how friendships play out.Social media increases the burdens that come along with being a good friend.Too often, these dynamics hit teens hard in ways that are ignored by adults.And that is what should be changed with the help of parents, schools and other parts of society. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了社交媒体是如何让青少年的友谊变得更有压力的。 9 10 11 12 9．What makes teenagers' networks continue to expand? A．The pressure to be nice. B．The requests of their parents. C．The need to meet more people. D．The burden of living independently. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。题干中的“continue to expand”是对文章第二段第二句中的ever-expanding的同义转换。根据第二段中的“Their networks...because there's a sense that being nice means accepting fellow requests from acquaintances and friends-of-friends.”可知，他们的人际关系网不断扩大，这在很大程度上是因为人们认为，友善意味着接受熟人以及朋友的朋友的请求。也就是说，让青少年的人际网不断扩大的是“要友善”的压力。故选A。 9 10 11 12 10．What does the author think of being a good friend in the age of social media? A．Exciting. B．Challenging. C．Time-saving. D．Risk-taking. 答案：B 9 10 11 12 解析：观点态度题。文章第四段第一句“Significant stress comes with trying to be a ‘good friend’ in the age of social media.”表明，作者认为社交媒体时代想成为一个好朋友伴随着很大的压力。接着具体说明了成为一个好朋友需要承担的行为(需要公开的和幕后的支持，参与照片选择、修图和最终检查，以正确的方式和在正确的时间作出回应等)，对段落主旨句进行支持。故选B。“Challenging”是对文中“Significant stress”的同义转换。 9 10 11 12 11．What should be changed according to the last paragraph? A．The qualities of being a teen friend. B．The conflicts between schools and parents. C．The relations between parents and their teens. D．The influences of social media on teen friendships. 答案：D 9 10 11 12 解析：细节理解题。最后一段中的“that is what should be changed”中的that指的是“Technologies have transformed how friendships play out. Social media increases the burdens that come along with being a good friend.”，即技术已经改变了友谊的出现方式，社交媒体增加了成为好朋友带来的负担。这些都是社交媒体对青少年友谊的影响。故选D。 9 10 11 12 12．What is the text mainly about? A．Why more teens are addicted to social media. B．How teens nowadays gain long-standing friendships. C．How social media has made teen friendships more stressful. D．What makes teens become more sensitive to their peers' needs. 答案：C 9 10 11 12 解析：主旨大意题。本文结构为“总—分—总”，第一段点明主题，第二、三、四段分别说明了社交媒体在哪些方面给青少年的友谊带来压力，最后一段再次点明现状，发出呼吁。故C项“社交媒体是如何使青少年的友谊变得更有压力的”最能概括文章主旨。 9 10 11 12 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：mounting adj.上升的，增长的 Para.2：ever-expanding adj.不断扩大的　acquaintance n．熟人 Para.3：overwhelming adj.巨大的，压倒性的　sensitivity n．敏感 Para.4：significant adj.显著的，有重大意义的 Para.5：dynamic n．动态，(事物或人)相互作用的方式 熟词 生义 Para.1：signal常用义：n.信号v.发信号　文章义：v.表明 shoulder常用义：n.肩膀　文章义：v.承担，担负 必备 短语 Para.2：in no small part在很大程度上　keep up with跟上，保持同步 Para.5：play out发生，出现 D In most cases, people pick the easiest way out: the path of least resistance.Yet，it is the hard choice—the path of most resistance—that is more beneficial and provides most success in the long run.How do these paths differ? What are the dangers of an easy life? What are the rewards for a hard life? How do you start taking the path of most resistance? Taking the path of least resistance means choosing the easiest available option，with little regard for its long-term consequences.For example，you eat whatever you like，whenever you like，and in whatever amount you like.It may feel nice at first but all of them have a very steep price.In that case，it's guaranteed to cause obesity.Most people in the modern world follow this path and this is why so many people struggle with a lack of self-discipline，good habits，etc. The path of most resistance is about choosing the option that will lead to more personal growth，even if it means suffering in the early stages of the process.For example，it may cost you a lot to quit watching TV for hours on end.But over the long term，you'll free up a lot of time that will lead to a more satisfying life than that of a couch potato.At first sight，this approach is unappealing.It requires effort，brings no pleasure，and leads to potential suffering.Yet，on the other side of all that lies a world of more confidence，self-discipline and mental resilience (恢复力).In the end，they more than make up for the fleeting superficial pleasure. We're lazy by nature.Some may point out that it is because of this tendency that we now enjoy so many wonders of technology that people in the past would kill to have.But ask the individuals praising laziness if they would be happy living a life where everything is given to them the moment they think about it.They would have zero hardships，no objective in life and no obstacle to overcome and no wise human would want such an existence. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。在大多数情况下，人们会选择最简单的道路：阻力最小的道路。然而，从长远来看，艰难的选择——阻力最大的道路——更有益，能带来最大的成功。 13 14 15 16 13．How does the author show the dangers of choosing the easy path? A．By giving examples.　　　 B．By listing data. C．By making a comparison. D．By asking questions. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example，you eat whatever you like...it's guaranteed to cause obesity.(例如，你想吃什么就吃什么，想什么时候吃就什么时候吃，想吃多少就吃多少。一开始你可能感觉不错，但这些都有很高的代价。在那种情况下，它肯定会导致肥胖)”可知，作者通过举例来说明选择最简单的道路的危害。故选A项。 13 14 15 16 14．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Watching TV for hours. B．Having many life struggles. C．Getting superficial pleasure. D．Choosing the path of most resistance. 答案：D 13 14 15 16 解析：代词指代题。 第三段的第一句话是本段的主题句，即阻力最大的道路与选择能促使更多个人成长的选项有关，即使这意味着在过程的早期阶段会遭受痛苦。故画线词it指的是选择阻力最大的道路。故选D项。A项“看几个小时电视”，B项“有许多生活上的挑战”，C项“获得肤浅的乐趣”。 13 14 15 16 15．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．Life is to be enjoyed，not endured. B．Set your life goals as early as possible. C．There should be some challenges in life. D．Good habits provide short-term pleasure. 答案：C 13 14 15 16 解析：细节理解题。 综合全文，尤其是最后一段的“ask the individuals praising laziness...no wise human would want such an existence (问问那些称赞懒惰的人，如果让他们过一种只要一想就能得到一切的生活，他们是否高兴。他们不会遇到困难，没有生活目标，没有需要克服的障碍，没有一个聪明人想要这样的生活)”可知，作者认为生活中应该有一些挑战。故选C项。A项“生活是要享受的而不是忍受的”，B项“尽早设定你的人生目标”，D项“良好的习惯提供短期的乐趣”。 13 14 15 16 16．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To tell us humans are lazy by nature. B．To show the common lifestyles of young people. C．To prove it's laziness that leads to wonders. D．To persuade us to challenge ourselves. 答案：D 13 14 15 16 解析：写作意图题。本文从一开始就告诉我们从长远来看，艰难的选择——阻力最大的道路——更有益，能带来最大的成功，然后举例说明这一观点。故D项正确。 13 14 15 16 语料积累 必备单词 Para.2：available adj.可获得的　consequence n．后果　steep adj.过高的；不合理的 Para.3：fleeting adj.短暂的　superficial adj.表面的；肤浅的 熟词生义 Para.4：existence n．常用义：存在；实有　文章义：生活，生活方式 必备短语 Para.1：in the long run从长远来看 Para.3：a couch potato电视迷　make up for 弥补 Para.4：by nature 天性；本性上 感谢您的观看 $