专题1 题型1 第2讲 阅读理解题型练(4) 课时作业-【优化探究】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习配套课件

推理判断题(二) 阅读理解题型练(四) A (2025·四川成都名校联盟考试)Chin was partially paralysed in 2018 after a stroke.For several months, she remained in hospital and began to rebuild her strength and ability to communicate.“At the beginning, I was so weak that I couldn't even use a wheelchair，”she says.“I realised that I wouldn't be able to go back to my old life.” Asking for help was particularly difficult as Chin didn't want to feel like a burden, but after being recommended a course of therapy (疗法), she started to glimpse a future for herself.She started opening up to other people and one day her social worker suggested she should try a sport.“She mentioned the wheelchair basketball team and I decided to give it a try，”she says. The first two times Rose Chin arrived at the basketball court as a 65­-year-­old to try out for the Inverness wheelchair team, she couldn't make it past the doors.“I looked through the window and just thought：‘I can't do this，’” she says.“The third time, though, I made myself go through before I could think about it.The team welcomed me with open arms and it's changed the way I live in my wheelchair ever since.” Following that successful third attempt onto the court in 2022, Chin was enlisted as part of the 10­-person team and began attending weekly training sessions learning how to pass, throw and defend while moving herself in a specially designed chair.“We very quickly became a little family full of jokes，” she laughs.“I'm the oldest on the team and the youngest is 19 but when I play, age doesn't come into it—it's such a pleasure.” “I feel so independent and I know I will keep playing as long as I can，” she says.“I want us to raise more money to get more equipment so we can encourage others to join.They might be feeling like I was, but I want them to know that there's an opportunity out there—they don't have to be alone.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Rose Chin在2018年中风后身体部分瘫痪，经过几个月的住院治疗，她开始恢复体力和交流能力。在社工的建议下，她成为轮椅篮球队的一员，并感受到团队的温暖与支持。 1 2 3 4 1．Why did Chin try out for the wheelchair basketball team? A.She was passionate about the sport. B.She was inspired by a social worker. C.She gained the support from the team. D.She wanted to test the effect of therapy. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“one day her social worker suggested she should try a sport”和“She mentioned the wheelchair basketball team and I decided to give it a try”可知，社工的建议激发了Chin尝试轮椅篮球的想法。故选B。 2．What did Chin experience during the first two attempts? A.A mental struggle. B.A frustrating rejection. C.A warm welcome. D.A hard training session. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。 根据第三段中的“The first two times Rose Chin...couldn't make it past the doors.”和“I looked through the window and just thought：‘I can't do this，’”可知，Chin在前两次的尝试中经历了思想上的挣扎。故选A。 1 2 3 4 3．What does Chin think of the team? A.It relieves her aging anxiety. B.It feels like a happy family. C.It has brilliant basketball players. D.It helps her enjoy some jokes. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“We very quickly became a little family full of jokes”可知，Chin认为这支球队感觉像是一个幸福的家庭。故选B。 1 2 3 4 4．Which of the following can best describe Chin? A.Modest and cheerful. B.Talented and creative. C.Confident and honest. D.Independent and kind. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“I feel so independent and I know I will keep playing as long as I can”可知，Chin觉得自己很独立，她知道只要她能，她就会继续下去。再结合“I want us to raise more money to get more equipment so we can encourage others to join.”可知，她希望能筹集更多的资金来购买更多的设备，这样就可以鼓励其他人加入。由此可知，Chin独立且善良。故选D。 1 2 3 4 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：partially adv.部分地，不完全地 Para.2：glimpse v．瞥见，看一眼 Para.4：enlist v．争取，谋取(帮助、支持或参与) 必备 短语 Para.2：open up to sb.向某人敞开心扉 Para.3：try out for...参加……的选拔 Para.4：come into sth.(在某种情形下)是重要的 B (2025·贵州贵阳摸底考试)Orangutans (红毛猩猩) are known for an impressive skill of engineering: They carefully weave an intricate nest from branches in the forest canopy (树冠) daily for cozy nights and shady midday naps. Some nests, particularly those made by older and more experienced orangutans, have pillows, blankets, and sometimes even a roof made by broad leaves—and all must be well protected and strong enough to hold 100-­plus pounds of the sleeping gorilla. Now a study published in Animal Behavior reveals that young orangutans perfectly complete this vital task in seven years.“The fact that it takes them so long to acquire this skill shows us that it's much more complex than we realized before，” says the study's lead author Andrea Permana, a primatologist (灵长类动物学家) at the University of Warwick in England. To understand this behavior, researchers followed 45 orangutans at Indonesia's Gunung Leuser National Park for 13 years.Permana found that orangutans begin to show interest in nest building as young as six months.These young orangutans practice the task daily during their youth, watching their mothers to learn building techniques.As they get older, their strength and skillfulness improve, letting them more successfully make branches into the structure.Researchers have seen orangutans build their first functional night nests at three years old, but they still tend to sleep alongside their mothers until about age seven. These nests offer more than just cover from tigers and other predators; sleep itself is a crucial resource as well.All great apes (类人猿) construct nests to some degree, and studies show that orangutans sleep deeper and longer than non-­nest-­building primates.This sound sleep may tell us how nests played a part in our own ancestors' brain evolution because human ancestors and orangutan ancestors both developed nest building.Permana says：“The more rested you are, the more innovative you can be.Maybe you're more curious, your memory is better, and you can solve problems better.The knock­-on effects of that on the success of our ancestors are pretty undoubted.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。红毛猩猩擅长用树枝编织复杂的巢穴，这些巢穴不仅仅是它们的庇护所，也让它们睡得更好。 5 6 7 8 5．What can we know about the nests built by more experienced orangutans? A.They do not have roofs. B.They are made of broad leaves. C.They are relatively well­-equipped. D.They can hold more than 100 gorillas. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据题干将答案定位在第二段。第二段讲一些巢穴，特别是那些年龄较大、经验更丰富的红毛猩猩搭建的巢穴，有枕头、毯子，有时甚至有一个由阔叶做成的屋顶。由此可知，经验更丰富的红毛猩猩搭建的巢穴的设备相对较好，故选C项。 5 6 7 8 6．What can we learn about young orangutans? A.They are required to build nests. B.They begin building nests at six months. C.They imitate their moms to build nests. D.They sleep with their moms until three. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“orangutans begin to show interest in nest building as young as six months...watching their mothers to learn building techniques...letting them more successfully make branches into the structure”可知，红毛猩猩在六个月大的时候就开始展现对巢穴搭建的兴趣。小的红毛猩猩在幼年时每天都会练习搭建巢穴。它们观察它们的妈妈以学习搭建技巧。随着年龄的增长，它们的力量和技巧会提高，这使得它们可以更成功地将树枝搭建成巢穴。由此可推知，幼小的红毛猩猩模仿它们的妈妈来学习搭建巢穴，故选C项。 5 6 7 8 7．What can be inferred from Permana's words? A.Our ancestors benefited a lot from sleeping well. B.Humans can be curious about nest building. C.Innovation can make people solve problems. D.People consider nest building as a complex skill. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中Permana所说的内容“你休息得越好，你就越有创造力。也许你更好奇，你的记忆力更好，你就能更好地解决问题。这对我们祖先的成功所产生的连锁反应是毋庸置疑的”可推知，我们的祖先因睡得好而获益良多。故选A项。 5 6 7 8 8．What can be the best title for the text? A.Great Apes: Ancestors of Nest Building B.Improved Sleep: A Benefit of Nest Building C.Smart Orangutans: Masters of Nest Building D.Technical Progress: Evolution of Nest Building 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了红毛猩猩善于编织复杂的巢穴。C项“聪明的红毛猩猩：筑巢大师”。故选C项。 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：weave v．编，织　shady adj.背阴的；成荫的　nap n．(日间的)小睡，打盹 Para.3：reveal v．揭示，揭露，透露；展现，显露 Para.4：skillfulness n．技巧　functional adj.实用的；功能的 Para.5：evolution n．进化；演变，发展，渐进 熟词 生义 Para.5：sound常用义：n.声，声音　文章义：adj.酣睡的，沉睡的 必备 短语 Para.5：to some degree在某种程度上　knock-­on effect连锁反应 C (2025·四川成都七中阶段测试)Every decision we make is arrived at through hugely complex neurological processing.Although it feels as though you have a choice, the action that you “decide” to take is entirely directed by automatic neural activity.Brain imaging studies show that a person's action can be predicted by their brain activity up to 10 seconds before they themselves become aware that they are going to act.Multiple neuroscientific studies show that even those important decisions that feel worked out are just as automatic as knee-­jerk reactions (本能反应) (although more complex). Decision-­making starts with the amygdala: a set of two almond-shaped nuclei (杏仁状核) buried deep within the brain, which generates emotion.The amygdala registers the information streaming in through our senses and responds to it in less than a second, sending signals throughout the brain.These produce an urge to run, fight, freeze or grab, according to how the amygdala values various stimuli. Before we act on the amygdala's signals, however, the information is usually processed by other brain areas, including some that produce conscious thoughts and emotions.Areas concerned with recognition work out what's going on, those concerned with memory compare it with previous experiences, and those concerned with reasoning, judging and planning get to work on constructing various action plans.The best plan—if we are lucky—is then selected and carried out.If any of this process goes wrong, we are likely to hesitate, or do something silly. The various stages of decision­-making are marked by different types of brain activity.Fast (gamma) waves, with frequencies of 25 to 100 Hz, produce a keen awareness of the multiple factors that need to be taken into account to arrive at a decision.If you are trying to choose a sandwich, for instance, gamma waves generated in various cells within the “taste” area of the brain bring to mind and compare the taste of ham, hummus, wholemeal, sourdough, and so on.Although it may seem useful to be aware of the full range of choice, too much information makes decision­-making more difficult, so irrelevant factors get dismissed quickly and unconsciously. After this comparison stage, the brain switches to slow-­wave activity (12 to 30 Hz).This extinguishes most of the gamma activity, leaving just a single “hotspot” of gamma waves which marks the chosen option. Although there is no “you” outside your brain to direct what it's doing, you can help it to make good decisions by placing yourself in a situation which is likely to make the process run more smoothly.Doing something that is physically or mentally stimulating before making a decision will help your brain produce the initial gamma waves that generate awareness of the competing options.Getting over­-excited, on the other hand, will prevent the switch to the slow brainwaves, making it much harder to single out a choice. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。看似我们“决定”采取的行动其实完全是由自动神经活动指导的。本文主要介绍了大脑最终作出决策前，杏仁体以及大脑其他区域的活动情况。 9 10 11 12 9．Why does the writer mention“knee-­jerk reactions” in the first paragraph? A.To introduce the finding of the latest brain imaging studies. B.To illustrate that decisions are not consciously thought out. C.To call attention to a kind of neural reaction that is not very complex. D.To show the difference between decision­-making and other brain activity. 答案：B 解析：写作意图题。第一段的最后两句讲脑成像研究表明，一个人的行为可以在他们意识到自己将要采取行动之前的10秒通过他们的大脑活动来预测。多项神经科学研究表明，即使是那些让人感觉已经作出的重要决定，也和本能反应一样是自动的(尽管更复杂)。由此可推知，作者提及本能反应是为了说明决定不是有意识地仔细考虑出来的。故选B。 9 10 11 12 10．What does the amygdala do according to the text? A.It works out conscious thoughts and emotions. B.It selects the best action plan for a given situation. C.It dismisses factors that are irrelevant to the decision to be made. D.It processes sensory information and generates emotional responses. 答案：D 9 10 11 12 解析：细节理解题。第二段的首句讲决策始于杏仁体，杏仁体会产生情绪。再根据第二段第二句中的“The amygdala registers the information streaming in through our senses and responds to it in less than a second”可知，杏仁体记录了通过我们的感官流入的信息，并在不到一秒钟的时间内作出反应。由此可知，杏仁体处理感官信息并产生情绪反应。故选D。 9 10 11 12 11．What can be concluded from paragraphs 4 and 5? A.Slow-­wave activity usually lasts longer than fast­-wave activity. B.The brain prioritizes information before settling on a final choice. C.Decision­-making is difficult when slow­-wave activity occurs first. D.The brain needs as much information as possible to make a decision. 答案：B 9 10 11 12 解析：推理判断题。 根据第四段第二句“Fast (gamma) waves...to be taken into account to arrive at a decision.”可知，频率在25到100赫兹之间的快速伽马波，能让人敏锐地意识到需要考虑的多种因素，从而作出决定。再根据第五段的内容可知，在比较阶段之后，大脑切换到慢波活动(12到30赫兹)，这消除了大部分的伽马活动，只留下一个伽马波的“热点”，它标志着被选中的选项。由此可推知，大脑在作出决定之前会通过快速伽马波活动处理多种信息，然后在慢速伽马波活动中作出最终的决定。故选B。 9 10 11 12 12．How does engaging in stimulating activities help the decision-making process? A.By preparing the brain to single out the most reasonable choice. B.By helping the brain switch to slow­-wave activity more quickly. C.By getting the brain to focus on those most relevant alternatives. D.By making the brain more aware of the factors and choices involved. 答案：D 9 10 11 12 解析：推理判断题。 根据最后一段的内容可知，虽然在你的大脑之外没有“你”来指导它做什么，但你可以通过把自己放在一个可能使过程更顺利进行的环境中来帮助它作出正确的决定。在作决定之前做一些使身体或精神兴奋的事情会帮助你的大脑产生最初的伽马波，这些伽马波能让你意识到相互竞争的选项。再结合第四段的内容可知，最初的伽马波是快速伽马波，能让人敏锐地意识到需要考虑的多种因素。综合可推知，参与使人兴奋的活动可以帮助大脑产生快速伽马波，从而更多地意识到涉及的因素和选择。故选D。 9 10 11 12 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：automatic adj.自动的，自动化的　multiple adj.数量多的，多种多样的 Para.2：decision­-making n．决策　generate v．产生，引起　register v．记录；登记；表达出；注意到，记住 Para.3：conscious adj.(思想、记忆等)有意识的；意识到 Para.4：keen adj.灵敏的，敏锐的　irrelevant adj.无关紧要的，不相干的　dismiss v．不予考虑，摒弃，对……不屑一提 Para.5：switch v．转换，转变，改变n.(尤指突然彻底的)改变，转变　extinguish v．熄灭，扑灭；毁灭，消灭，使破灭 Para.6：stimulating adj.振奋人心的，饶有趣味的；增加活力的 熟词 生义 Para.1：direct常用义：adj.直接的　文章义：v.指导 Para.4：frequency n．常用义：出现频率，发生率　文章义：(声波或电磁波振动的)频率 必备 短语 Para.1：arrive at达成(协议)，作出(决议等)，得出(结论等)　work out想出，制订出(计划等)，作出(决策等) Para.3: act on根据……行事 Para.4：take sth. into account考虑到某事物，把某事物考虑进去　bring to mind使人回忆起，使记得 Para.6：single out挑出 D (2025·四川南充一诊)We've all been there: lying in bed wide awake and desperately wondering how to get to dreamland.While having trouble drifting off to sleep isn't unusual, it still can be frustrating.Fortunately sleep experts are gaining an increasingly strong understanding of what's happening in the brain during the process. Falling asleep is a big shift for your brain.This switch is governed in part by environmental cues, such as light or temperature.A hot summer night or a bright streetlamp beside the window can interfere (干扰).The process of nodding off can also be affected by your emotions. “You need to feel both physically and psychologically safe to sleep，”says Roxanne Prichard, a neuroscientist at the University of St.Thomas, Minnesota.“If you are sleeping next to someone you don't trust, or if you're worried that the newborn that you're caring for might stop breathing, it's going to be hard to fall asleep.” One of the recommendations to address insomnia is getting out of bed and sitting somewhere quietly with dull light and just relaxing, doing something boring.You could use the time to read, listen to calming music, or do breathing exercises—anything that slows and comforts your body and mind.But avoid snacking, exercise and screens. It's also important to resist the urge to concentrate on your worries, especially in the middle of the night.Not only will those thoughts keep you awake, you also probably won't make much progress on what's keeping you up because your prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质), a part of the brain that is good at planning and analysis, doesn't function well for the poor blood supply at night. Keep in mind that even if your night's rest is incomplete, avoid the urge to make up for it by sleeping in or napping the next day.“If you nap during the day, especially longer naps, then your brain gets few signals of sleep and will be less likely to fall asleep quickly at bedtime，”says Prichard.If losing sleep interferes with your ability to function during the day, which could indicate something physiological is at play, seeing a doctor would be necessary. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了影响睡眠的因素以及改善睡眠的建议。 13 14 15 16 13．Which of the following is most likely to cause trouble in sleep? A.A slow soft tune. B.A dull streetlamp. C.A cool summer night. D.A two­-day-­old baby. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。第三段提到“or if you're worried that the newborn that you're caring for might stop breathing, it's going to be hard to fall asleep”，即如果你担心你照顾的新生儿可能会停止呼吸，那么入睡将会很困难，由此可推知，身边有一个刚出生两天的婴儿最可能导致睡眠问题。故选D。由文章第二段提到的环境因素可排除B项和C项；第四段提到处理失眠的方法，其中包括听令人平静的音乐，故排除A项。 13 14 15 16 14．Why is it hard to make much progress on the concerns in the middle of the night? A.The resistance may make people worried. B.The brain can't plan and analyze problems. C.The prefrontal cortex works less efficiently. D.The problems may keep people awake. 答案：C 13 14 15 16 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“you also probably won't make much progress...doesn't function well for the poor blood supply at night”可知，在让你夜不能寐的问题上，你很可能也无法取得太多进展，因为你的前额叶皮质在夜间血液供应不足时无法很好地运行，它是大脑中的一个擅长规划和分析的部位，故选C。C项中的“works less efficiently”是对文中的“doesn't function well”的同义转换。 13 14 15 16 15．What's Prichard's attitude towards naps in the day for night's incomplete rest? A.Opposed.　　　　　　　 B.Ambiguous. C.Supportive. D.Neutral. 答案：A 13 14 15 16 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘If you nap during the day...will be less likely to fall asleep quickly at bedtime，’says Prichard.”可知，如果你在白天小睡，尤其是长时间的小睡，那么你的大脑得到的睡眠信号就会很少，在该睡觉时就更不可能迅速入睡，即白天小睡可能造成晚上入睡困难。由此可判断，Prichard对因夜晚休息不好而在白天小睡持不支持的态度。故选A。 13 14 15 16 16．What's the author's purpose in writing this text? A.To highlight the negative effects of sleep loss. B.To illustrate the process of falling asleep in the brain. C.To explain the causes of poor sleep and offer solutions. D.To discuss the importance of a good sleep environment. 答案：C 13 14 15 16 解析：写作意图题。文章主要介绍了影响睡眠的因素以及处理失眠的建议。因此，作者写此文章的目的是“解释睡眠不佳的原因并提供解决方案”，故选C。 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：desperately adv.绝望地；非常　frustrating adj.令人沮丧的 Para.2：govern v．控制，影响，支配　cue n．暗示，提示，信号 Para.3：physically adv.身体上　psychologically adv.心理上，精神上 Para.6：incomplete adj.不完整的，不完善的　nap v．(在白天)小睡，打盹n.(尤指白天的)小睡，打盹 熟词 生义 Para.4：address常用义：n.地址　文章义：v.处理，应对 slow常用义：adj.缓慢的　文章义：v.(使)放慢速度，减缓，松劲 comfort常用义：n.安慰，慰藉；舒服　文章义：v.安慰，抚慰，宽慰 必备 短语 Para.1：drift off (to sleep)入睡；睡着 Para.2：in part部分地，在某种程度上　nod off打盹 Para.5：concentrate on专注于　keep sb.up使某人熬夜(或开夜车、不睡觉) Para.6：keep in mind that...记住，考虑到　make up for弥补　sleep in迟起，睡懒觉　at play起作用，有影响 感谢您的观看 $