Unit 7 Charities.词汇考点精讲与精练2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

译林版 八下 Unit 7 Charities.词汇考点精讲与精练 考点精讲 1. medical /'medɪkl/ adj. 医疗的 变形：medicine n. 药；医学；medically adv. 医学上 核心搭配：medical care 医疗护理；medical team 医疗队；medical treatment 医疗救治 例句：We need a professional medical team to help the injured people.我们需要一支专业的医疗队帮助伤者。 指点迷津：形容词仅作定语修饰名词，无比较级；medicine表“药”为不可数名词，表“一种药”用a kind of medicine。 2. organization /ˌɔ:ɡənaɪ'zeɪʃn/ n. 组织 变形：organize v. 组织（organisation英式）；organizer n. 组织者；organizations（复数） 核心搭配：charity organization 慈善组织；international organization 国际组织；set up an organization 建立组织 例句：This organization aims to help poor children in rural areas.这个组织旨在帮助农村的贫困儿童。 指点迷津：可数名词；认可英式拼写organisation；动词organize常搭配organize a meeting/activity。 3. lip /lɪp/ n. 嘴唇 变形：lips（复数）；lipstick n. 口红 核心搭配：bite one's lip 咬嘴唇；on one's lips 在嘴边；purse one's lips 抿嘴 例句：She bit her lip and didn't say a word when she made a mistake.她犯错时咬着嘴唇，一言不发。 指点迷津：可数名词，日常使用多为复数形式lips；表“某人的嘴唇”用one's lips，不加定冠词the。 4. interviewer /'ɪntəvju:ə(r)/ n. 采访者 变形：interview v./n. 采访；面试；interviewee n. 被采访者；interviewers（复数） 核心搭配：a TV interviewer 电视采访者；a newspaper interviewer 报社采访者 例句：The interviewer asked the famous singer many questions about her new song.这位采访者问了这位著名歌手很多关于她新歌的问题。 指点迷津：可数名词；构词法考点：interview+er表“施动者”，对应interviewee表“受动者（被采访者）”。 5. billion /'bɪljən/ n. 十亿 变形：billions（复数，与of连用） 核心搭配：one billion 十亿；billions of 数十亿的；two billion people 二十亿人 例句：Billions of people around the world love playing football.全世界数十亿人喜欢踢足球。 指点迷津：数词，前有具体数字时用单数，后接of时用复数；同million/dozen用法一致，数词核心考点。 6. cure /kjʊə(r)/ vt./n. 治好（疾病）；治愈/药物，疗法 变形：cured（过去式/过去分词）；cures（复数/三单） 核心搭配：cure a disease 治愈疾病；cure sb of sth 治好某人的病；a cure for cancer 癌症的疗法 例句：The doctor cured her of her serious cough.医生治好了她的严重咳嗽。 指点迷津：及物动词；cure sb of sth为必考搭配，不可省略介词of；作名词表“疗法”时，后接for+疾病。 7. treatment /'tri:tmənt/ n. 治疗 变形：treat v. 医治；对待；treatments（复数） 核心搭配：medical treatment 医疗治疗；receive treatment 接受治疗；a new treatment 新疗法 例句：He is in hospital receiving treatment for his arm injury.他因手臂受伤在医院接受治疗。 指点迷津：可数/不可数均可；表“治疗过程”为不可数，表“具体治疗方式”为可数；同根词treat搭配treat sb for sth。 8. aim /eɪm/ n./vt. & vi. 目的，目标/力争做到；旨在 变形：aimed（过去式/过去分词）；aims（复数/三单） 核心搭配：aim to do sth 力争做某事；aim at doing sth 旨在做某事；achieve one's aim 实现目标 例句：This activity aims to raise money for poor students.这项活动旨在为贫困学生筹款。 指点迷津：作动词时，aim to do和aim at doing含义一致，均认可；作名词为可数名词，achieve one's aim为固定搭配。 9. patient /'peɪʃnt/ n. 病人 变形：patients（复数）；patient adj. 耐心的；patience n. 耐心；patiently adv. 耐心地 核心搭配：look after patients 照顾病人；a patient with a fever 发烧患者；injury patients 伤者 例句：The nurse is taking good care of the patients in the ward.护士正在病房里悉心照顾病人。 指点迷津：可数名词；形容词义“耐心的”为核心，搭配be patient with sb，需注意词性语境辨析。 10. afford /ə'fɔ:d/ vt. 能做，买得起 变形：afforded（过去式/过去分词）；affordable adj. 买得起的 核心搭配：afford to do sth 负担得起做某事；can't afford to buy 买不起；afford a house 买得起房子 例句：We can't afford to travel abroad this year.我们今年负担不起出国旅游的费用。 指点迷津：及物动词，必须与can/can't/could等情态动词连用，后接动词不定式to do，不可直接接动名词，必考易错点。 11. go to hospital 去看病 变形：hospital n. 医院；go to the hospital 去医院（非看病） 核心搭配：go to hospital for treatment 去医院接受治疗；have to go to hospital 不得不去看病 例句：He has a bad stomach ache and has to go to hospital at once.他胃疼得厉害，不得不马上去看病。 指点迷津：易混考点：go to hospital（生病就医，无the）；go to the hospital（去医院办事/探望，有the），同go to school/go to the school用法。 12. on board 在飞机上（或船上、火车上） 变形：board v. 登机；登船；n. 甲板；board the plane 登机 核心搭配：be on board the ship 在船上；all on board 所有人登机/船；on board a train 在火车上 例句：We will serve meals on board the plane to Shanghai.我们将在飞往上海的飞机上提供餐食。 指点迷津：固定短语，可单独使用或后接the plane/ship/train；board作动词表“登机/船”，=get on the plane/ship。 13. benefit /'benɪfɪt/ vi./n. 得益于，得利于/优势，益处，成效 变形：benefited（过去式/过去分词）；benefits（复数/三单）；beneficial adj. 有益的 核心搭配：benefit from sth 从某事中受益；be of benefit to sb 对某人有益；the benefit of exercise 锻炼的益处 例句：We all benefit from regular and proper exercise.我们都从规律的适度锻炼中受益。 指点迷津：作动词为不及物动词，后必须接介词from，不可直接接宾语；be of benefit to=be beneficial to，词性转换考点。 14. eye care 眼睛保健 变形：eye n. 眼睛；care n./v. 照顾；eye doctor 眼科医生；take care of 照顾 核心搭配：pay attention to eye care 注意眼睛保健；eye care products 护眼产品；do eye care 做眼睛保健 例句：Students should pay more attention to eye care when using electronic products.学生使用电子产品时应该更注意眼睛保健。 指点迷津：复合名词，无复数形式；care在此为不可数名词，表“保健、护理”。 15. session /'seʃn/ n. 一场 变形：sessions（复数） 核心搭配：a training session 一场培训；a therapy session 一场治疗；a two-hour session 一场两小时的活动 例句：We had a lively session of English discussion this morning.今天早上我们进行了一场热烈的英语讨论。 指点迷津：可数名词，常与of连用表“一场（培训、活动、治疗等）”，多用于正式场合，话题拓展词。 16. operate /'ɒpəreɪt/ vi. 动手术 变形：operated（过去式/过去分词）；operation n. 手术；operator n. 外科医生；操作员 核心搭配：operate on sb 给某人做手术；operate well 手术顺利；operate as a surgeon 当外科医生做手术 例句：The famous doctor will operate on the little boy tomorrow.这位名医明天将给这个小男孩动手术。 指点迷津：不及物动词，表“给某人做手术”必须接介词on，不可直接接宾语，为后续短语operate on的基础考点。 17. operate on （给…）做手术 核心搭配：operate on a patient 给病人做手术；operate on sb's leg 给某人的腿做手术；decide to operate on sb 决定给某人做手术 例句：The surgeon decided to operate on the girl's injured hand.外科医生决定给这个女孩受伤的手做手术。 指点迷津：固定短语，代词作宾语时放中间，如operate on him，不可说operate him on；名词形式为have an operation on sb。 18. treat /tri:t/ vt. 医治；把…视为 变形：treated（过去式/过去分词）；treatment n. 治疗 核心搭配：treat sb for a disease 医治某人的病；treat sb as a friend 把某人当作朋友；treat others kindly 善待他人 例句：The doctor is treating an old man for a bad cold.医生正在为一位老人医治重感冒。 指点迷津：及物动词双义考点；“医治”搭treat sb for sth，“视为”搭treat sb as sth，词义辨析必考。 19. carry on (with) 继续做 变形：carry v. 搬；携带；carried（过去式/过去分词） 核心搭配：carry on doing sth 继续做某事；carry on with sth 继续某事；carry on working 继续工作 例句：We must carry on with our research though it's very difficult.尽管研究很困难，我们仍要继续做。 指点迷津：固定短语；carry on后接doing，carry on with后接名词，二者可互换；代词作宾语时放carry和on之间，如carry it on。 20. interview /'ɪntəvju:/ n./vt. 采访，访谈；面试/采访 变形：interviewed（过去式/过去分词）；interviews（复数/三单）；interviewer n. 采访者；面试官 核心搭配：have an interview 进行采访/面试；interview a star 采访明星；a job interview 工作面试 例句：The reporter will interview the famous scientist next week.这位记者下周将采访这位著名的科学家。 指点迷津：作动词为及物动词，直接接宾语；作名词为可数名词，job interview为求职场景高频词，交际考点。 21. grateful /'ɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的 变形：gratefully adv. 感激地；gratitude n. 感激；感谢 核心搭配：be grateful to sb for sth 因某事感激某人；be grateful for help 感激帮助；a grateful smile 感激的微笑 例句：I am grateful to my teacher for her valuable advice.我因老师宝贵的建议而对她心怀感激。 指点迷津：形容词；be grateful to sb for sth为必考搭配；与thankful同义可互换，grateful语气更强，侧重“因得到帮助而感激”。 22. darkness /'dɑ:knəs/ n. 黑暗 变形：dark adj. 黑暗的；深色的 adv. 在黑暗中；darken v. 变暗 核心搭配：in the darkness 在黑暗中；go into darkness 陷入黑暗；the darkness of the night 夜晚的黑暗 例句：We couldn't see anything clearly in the darkness.我们在黑暗中什么也看不清楚。 指点迷津：不可数名词；in the darkness为固定搭配，必须加the；dark作形容词的核心搭配it's dark outside。 23. blind /blaɪnd/ vt. 使失明 变形：blinded（过去式/过去分词）；blind adj. 瞎的；失明的；blindness n. 失明 核心搭配：blind sb in one eye 使某人一只眼睛失明；blind sb for life 使某人终身失明 例句：The terrible accident blinded him in his left eye.那场可怕的事故使他的左眼失明了。 指点迷津：及物动词；本单元为动词义，此前学过形容词义，词性转换考点；搭配blind sb in one eye与形容词义搭配一致。 24. addition /ə'dɪʃn/ n. 增加；增加物 变形：add v. 增加；添加；additional adj. 额外的；additionally adv. 此外 核心搭配：an addition to the team 团队新成员；the addition of water 加水；in addition 此外 例句：This new library is a great addition to our school.这座新图书馆是我们学校的一大新增设施。 指点迷津：可数/不可数均可；同根词add为核心动词，搭配add sth to sth，add to表“增加”。 25. in addition 除…以外（还） 变形：in addition to 除了…之外（后接名词/动名词）；add v. 增加 核心搭配：in addition, ... 此外，……；in addition to this 除此之外 例句：In addition, we need to prepare some water for the outdoor activity.此外，我们需要为户外活动准备一些水。 指点迷津：固定短语，作状语放句首后加逗号；易混点：in addition（单独使用，接句子）；in addition to（后接名词/doing，不可接句子）。 26. directly /də'rektli; daɪ'rektli/ adv. 直接 变形：direct adj. 直接的；直率的 v. 指导；导演；direction n. 方向；指导 核心搭配：speak directly 直言；go directly to school 直接去学校；answer directly 直接回答 例句：He went directly home after school without stopping.他放学后没作停留，直接回了家。 指点迷津：副词，可修饰动词/形容词；direct作形容词搭a direct flight 直飞航班，作动词搭direct a film 导演电影，多义考点需结合语境判断。 27. train /treɪn/ vt. & vi. 培训，训练 变形：trained（过去式/过去分词）；training n. 训练；培训；trainer n. 教练；trainee n. 学员 核心搭配：train sb to do sth 培训某人做某事；train for a competition 为比赛训练；train as a doctor 培训成为医生 例句：The company trains new workers to use the machines.这家公司培训新员工使用机器。 指点迷津：及物/不及物动词均可；train sb to do sth为必考搭配；此前学过名词义“火车”，注意词性语境辨析。 28. leaflet /'li:flət/ n. 传单，小册子 变形：leaflets（复数） 核心搭配：a publicity leaflet 宣传传单；a health leaflet 健康小册子；hand out leaflets 分发传单 例句：We are giving out leaflets about environmental protection in the street.我们正在街上分发关于环境保护的传单。 指点迷津：可数名词，复数直接加s；常与hand out/distribute等词搭配，公益、宣传场景高频词。 29. hand out 分发 变形：hand v. 递；拿；handed（过去式/过去分词）；hand in 上交（反义） 核心搭配：hand out leaflets 分发传单；hand out food 分发食物；hand out books 分发书籍 例句：Volunteers hand out warm coats to the homeless in winter.志愿者们在冬天给无家可归的人分发保暖外套。 指点迷津：短语动词，代词作宾语时放中间，如hand them out，不可说hand out them；与hand in（上交）为易混短语，需严格区分。 30. champion /'tʃæmpiən/ n. 捍卫者，声援者，拥护者；冠军 变形：champions（复数）；championship n. 锦标赛；冠军头衔 核心搭配：a world champion 世界冠军；a champion of peace 和平的捍卫者；win the champion 赢得冠军 例句：He became the champion of the 200-meter race in the school sports meeting.他成为了校运会200米赛跑的冠军。 指点迷津：可数名词；“冠军”为核心义，“捍卫者”为拓展义；win the champion为体育场景高频搭配，写作常用。 31. right /raɪt/ n. 权利 变形：rights（复数）；right adj. 正确的；右边的 adv. 正好；正确地 核心搭配：human rights 人权；the right to education 受教育权；have the right to do sth 有做某事的权利 例句：Everyone has the right to receive equal education.每个人都有接受平等教育的权利。 指点迷津：可数名词，常用复数形式rights；本词为高频多义词，需结合语境判断词义；have the right to do sth为必考搭配。 32. progress /'prəʊɡres/ n. 进步，进展 变形：progress vi. 进步；进展（prə'ɡres）；progressive adj. 进步的 核心搭配：make progress 取得进步；make great progress 取得很大进步；the progress of the project 项目的进展 例句：He has made great progress in his math study this term.这学期他的数学学习取得了很大的进步。 指点迷津：不可数名词，不可说make a progress，无复数形式，必考易错点；动词义progress为不及物动词，搭配progress in sth表“在某方面进步”。 33. virus /'vaɪrəs/ n. 病毒 变形：viruses（复数，拼写易错）；viral adj. 病毒的；病毒性的 核心搭配：a computer virus 电脑病毒；a virus infection 病毒感染；a new virus 新病毒 例句：This kind of virus can spread quickly among people in winter.这种病毒在冬天能在人群中快速传播。 指点迷津：可数名词，复数为viruses，非viruss，拼写必考；双义考点，“医学病毒”和“电脑病毒”均为话题高频词。 34. miss out on 错失机会 变形：miss v. 错过；想念；missed（过去式/过去分词）；miss out 遗漏 核心搭配：miss out on a chance 错失机会；miss out on the competition 错失比赛机会；miss out on the party 错失派对机会 例句：You will miss out on a good chance if you don't join the English contest.如果你不参加英语竞赛，会错失一个好机会。 指点迷津：固定短语，后接名词/代词，不可接动名词；miss out表“遗漏”，miss out on表“错失机会”，二者为短语辨析考点。 35. war /wɔ:(r)/ n. 战争，斗争 变形：wars（复数）；wartime n. 战时；warrior n. 战士 核心搭配：a world war 世界大战；the war against poverty 反贫困的斗争；be at war 处于战争中 例句：Many people lost their homes and families in the war.很多人在战争中失去了家园和亲人。 指点迷津：可数名词，复数直接加s；拓展义“斗争”，常用搭配the war against+sth表“反对……的斗争”，拓展话题词汇。 36. influential /ˌɪnflu'enʃl/ adj. 有影响力的 变形：influence v./n. 影响；influentially adv. 有影响力地 核心搭配：an influential person 有影响力的人；an influential book 有影响力的书；be influential in sth 在某方面有影响力 例句：He is an influential writer in modern Chinese literature.他是中国现代文学中一位有影响力的作家。 指点迷津：形容词，可修饰人、物、作品等；核心搭配be influential in sth；同根词influence的搭配have an influence on sb/sth为必考，词性转换高频考点。 考点精练 单项选择。 ( )1. We can’t ______ to buy a new house because the price is too high in this city. A. offer B. afford C. provide D. give ( )2. The famous doctor ______ the little girl ______ her serious heart disease last month. A. cured; of B. treated; of C. cured; for D. treated; with ( )3. —Why didn’t you go to the cinema with us last night? —Because my mother was ill and I had to take her ______. A. to hospital B. to the hospital C. hospital D. the hospital ( )4. About two ______ people watched the opening ceremony of the sports meeting online. A. billion B. billions C. billion of D. billions of ( )5. The surgeon will ______ the old man tomorrow. We all wish the operation successful. A. operate B. operate on C. work on D. work ( )6. My brother has made ______ great progress in his English study since he started learning it online. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( )7. ______, we also need to prepare some water and food for the camping trip this weekend. A. In addition B. In addition to C. Except D. Beside ( )8. All the students ______ the valuable advice from their English teacher. A. benefited to B. benefited from C. got from D. learned to ( )9. We must ______ working hard even though we meet a lot of difficulties in our study. A. carry on B. carry on with C. put on D. go on with ( )10. I am very ______ my parents ______ supporting me to study abroad for further education. A. thankful; to B. grateful; to C. grateful; for D. thankful; with ( )11. —Could you ______ these leaflets to the people in the street? —Sure. I’ll do it right now. A. hand in B. hand out C. give in D. give out ( )12. Everyone in the world has the ______ to live a happy and peaceful life. A. right B. power C. ability D. chance ( )13. If you don’t take part in the competition, you will ______ a good chance to show yourself. A. miss out B. miss out on C. lose out D. lose out on ( )14. The terrible fire ______ him ______ his right eye. He can only see with one eye now. A. blinded; in B. made; blind C. blind; in D. let; blind ( )15. The charity organization aims ______ more money for the homeless children in the countryside. A. to raise B. at raising C. both A and B D. raise ( )16. A lot of new ______ are spreading quickly in winter, so we must take good care of ourselves. A. virus B. viruss C. viruses D. virus’s ( )17. When we saw the old man fall down on the street, we called a ______ team to help him at once. A. medicine B. medical C. medically D. medic ( )18. —I don’t know how to solve this math problem. —Don’t worry. I’ll ______ you ______ it step by step. A. treat; for B. treat; as C. help; with D. help; for ( )19. We have to stop the work because of the bad weather, but we will ______ it ______ tomorrow morning. A. carry; on B. carry; on with C. go; on D. take; on ( )20. The little boy’s arm was hurt badly, so he is in hospital ______ medical ______. A. receiving; treat B. accepting; treatment C. receiving; treatment D. accepting; treat 参考答案 1. B （考点：afford的用法，can't afford to do sth负担不起做某事） 1. A （考点：cure的固定搭配，cure sb of sth治好某人的病；treat表医治搭treat sb for sth） 1. A （考点：go to hospital的易混用法，无the表生病就医；有the表去医院办事/探望） 1. A （考点：billion的数词用法，前有具体数字用单数，后接of用复数） 1. B （考点：operate on的固定短语，给某人做手术必须加介词on） 1. D （考点：progress的用法，不可数名词，make great progress无冠词） 1. A （考点：in addition与in addition to的辨析，in addition单独使用接句子；in addition to后接名词/动名词） 1. B （考点：benefit的固定搭配，benefit from sth从某事中受益） 1. A （考点：carry on的用法，carry on doing sth继续做某事；carry on with后接名词） 1. C （考点：grateful的固定搭配，be grateful to sb for sth因某事感激某人） 1. B （考点：hand out与hand in的辨析，hand out分发；hand in上交） 1. A （考点：right的名词用法，have the right to do sth有做某事的权利） 1. B （考点：miss out on的固定短语，表错失机会；miss out表遗漏） 1. A （考点：blind的动词用法，blind sb in one eye使某人一只眼睛失明，一般过去时用blinded） 1. C （考点：aim的动词用法，aim to do sth和aim at doing sth均表旨在做某事，二者均可） 1. C （考点：virus的复数拼写，可数名词，复数为viruses，非viruss） 1. B （考点：medical的词性变形，形容词作定语修饰team；medicine为名词表药/医学） 1. C （考点：treat的搭配辨析+固定短语，treat sb for sth医治/ treat sb as sth视为；help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人） 1. A （考点：carry on的代词用法，代词作宾语放carry和on之间，carry it on继续做某事） 1. C （考点：treatment的词性变形，medical treatment医疗救治（名词）；receive表客观接受，accept表主观接受） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $