Unit7语法讲解及习题：一般现在时与一般过去时的被动语态-2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

译林英语八下Unit7语法讲解及习题 一般现在时与一般过去时的被动语态 一、语法讲解 1. 主动语态与被动语态的区别 主动语态：强调动作的执行者，即“谁做了某事”。 例：Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane.（志愿者医生在飞机上做手术。） 被动语态：强调动作的承受者，即“某事被谁做了”，当动作执行者不明确、不重要或显而易见时使用。 例：Operations are done by volunteer doctors on the plane.（手术由志愿者医生在飞机上完成。） 2. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本结构是：主语 + be动词 + 动词的过去分词 (PP) + (by + 动作执行者) 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + PP Local doctors and nurses are trained by Orbis.（当地的医生和护士由奥比斯培训。） 一般过去时 was/were + PP A young boy was blinded in a car accident.（一个小男孩在车祸中失明了。） 特别注意： · 只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（如 happen, appear）不能用于被动。 · by + 动作执行者 部分可以省略，尤其是当执行者不明确或不重要时。 3. 使用被动语态的场景 · 动作执行者不明确：The lives of many patients are improved.（许多病人的生活得到了改善。） · 动作执行者显而易见：English is spoken all over the world.（全世界都说英语。） · 强调动作的承受者：A charity show was held at the school hall.（一场慈善演出在学校礼堂举行。） 二、语法习题 （一）用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. Charity activities ___________ (plan) every year to help the poor. 2. Leaflets ___________ (hand out) to people in the street by volunteers. 3. Old toys and books ___________ (sell) to raise money. 4. New books ___________ (send) to children in need by the Class 1, Grade 8 students last week. 5. Warm clothes ___________ (collect) for children in disaster areas last week. 6. A charity show ___________ (hold) at the school hall last week. 7. Lots of money ___________ (raise) by different charities every year. 8. The money ___________ (use) to help people in need. 9. Save the Children ___________ (found) in 1919. 10. Many people ___________ (train) by the charity to become teachers. （二）将下列主动句改为被动句 1. Orbis doctors cure the young boy. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. We hold a charity show every year. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. They collected warm clothes for children. _____________________________________________________________________ 5. The students sent new books to the children in need. _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Different charities raise lots of money every year. _____________________________________________________________________ 7. We use the money to help people in need. _____________________________________________________________________ 8. The charity trains many people to become teachers. _____________________________________________________________________ 9. They created new charities to protect the environment. _____________________________________________________________________ 10. World Vision helps millions of children. _____________________________________________________________________ （三）单项选择 1. A young boy ___________ blinded in a car accident in January. A. is B. was C. are D. were 2. Local doctors and nurses ___________ trained by Orbis every year. A. is B. was C. are D. were 3. A charity show ___________ at the school hall last week. A. holds B. held C. is held D. was held 4. Lots of money ___________ by different charities every year. A. raises B. is raised C. raised D. was raised 5. The money ___________ to help people in need. A. uses B. is used C. used D. was used （四）按要求改写句子 1. They plan charity activities every year.（改为一般现在时被动语态） _____________________________________________________________________ 2. We will hold a charity show next week.（改为一般将来时被动语态） _____________________________________________________________________ 3. He wrote the book last year.（改为一般过去时被动语态） _____________________________________________________________________ 4. The charity is training many people.（改为现在进行时被动语态） _____________________________________________________________________ 5. We have collected warm clothes.（改为现在完成时被动语态） _____________________________________________________________________ （五）短文填空 Do you know that there are millions of international charities around the world? Every year, lots of money (1) ___________ (raise) by different charities. The money (2) ___________ (use) to help people in need. Save the Children is one of these charities. It (3) ___________ (found) in 1919. Every year, a lot of children's lives (4) ___________ (improve) thanks to this charity. Last year, millions of children (5) ___________ (help) by World Vision's health programmes. 三、参考答案及解析 （一）用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. are planned（every year 用一般现在时，主语是复数） 2. are handed out（描述一般情况，用一般现在时） 3. are sold（描述一般情况，用一般现在时） 4. were sent（last week 用一般过去时，主语是复数） 5. were collected（last week 用一般过去时，主语是复数） 6. was held（last week 用一般过去时，主语是单数） 7. is raised（every year 用一般现在时，主语是不可数名词） 8. is used（描述一般情况，用一般现在时） 9. was founded（in 1919 用一般过去时，主语是单数） 10. are trained（描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语是复数） （二）将下列主动句改为被动句 1. The young boy is cured by Orbis doctors. 2. Operations are done by volunteer doctors on the plane. 3. A charity show is held by us every year. 4. Warm clothes were collected by them for children. 5. New books were sent to the children in need by the students. 6. Lots of money is raised by different charities every year. 7. The money is used by us to help people in need. 8. Many people are trained by the charity to become teachers. 9. New charities were created by them to protect the environment. 10. Millions of children are helped by World Vision. （三）单项选择 1. B（in January 表示过去时间，主语是单数，用 was + blinded） 2. C（every year 表示一般现在时，主语是复数，用 are + trained） 3. D（last week 表示过去时间，用 was + held） 4. B（every year 表示一般现在时，主语是不可数名词，用 is + raised） 5. B（描述一般情况，用 is + used） （四）按要求改写句子 1. Charity activities are planned by them every year. 2. A charity show will be held by us next week. 3. The book was written by him last year. 4. Many people are being trained by the charity. 5. Warm clothes have been collected by us. （五）短文填空 1. is raised（every year 用一般现在时，主语是不可数名词） 2. is used（描述一般情况，用一般现在时） 3. was founded（in 1919 用一般过去时） 4. are improved（every year 用一般现在时，主语是复数） 5. were helped（last year 用一般过去时，主语是复数） ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $