Unit 2 Growing pains and gains知识清单（背诵版+默写版）2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了外研版八年级下册Unit 2核心内容。从核心词汇（含默写）入手，涵盖必背短语及易错辨析，进而掌握重点句型及语法（一般过去时的被动语态），最终落实到单元书面表达指导，形成从基础语言要素到综合运用的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-短语-句型-语法-写作”逻辑递进，词汇标注常考搭配与易错点，短语设辨析对比，语法含结构解析与巩固练习，写作提供话题框架及范文。通过情境化例句和分层练习，助力学生夯实语言能力，培养分析比较的思维品质，提升自主学习能力。

外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains知识清单背诵版 一、核心词汇 （一）核心词汇 1. promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ v. 许诺，保证，答应；n. 保证，承诺，诺言 常考搭配： make a promise​ (许下诺言)；keep/break a promise​ (遵守/违背诺言) promise to do sth​ (答应做某事)；promise (sb) that...​ (向某人保证……) 课文例句：Yes, I to be back before 9 tonight. （没错，我承诺过今晚九点前回来。） 补充例句：He always keeps his .（他总是遵守自己的诺言。） 易错点：作动词时，后接不定式（promise to do sth）；作名词时，常用搭配keep one's promise（守信）。 2. disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. 失望的，沮丧的（语篇核心词） 常考搭配： be disappointed at/with sth​ (对某事感到失望) be disappointed in/with sb​ (对某人感到失望) be disappointed to do sth​ (做某事感到失望) to one's disappointment​ (令某人失望的是) 课文例句：Back then, I was so at being too short and failing to get on the basketball team. （那时候，我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队，感到非常失望。） 搭配：be disappointed at sth（对某事失望）；be disappointed to do sth（做某事感到失望） 3. fail /feɪl/ v. 失败，未做到 n.failure​ (失败；失败的人或事) 常考搭配： fail to do sth​ (未能做成某事)；fail (in) an exam​ (考试不及格) fail sb​ (使某人不及格/失望)；without fail​ (必定，总是) 课文例句：Back then, I was so disappointed at being too short and to get on the basketball team. （那时候，我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队，感到非常失望。） 搭配：fail to do sth（未能做到某事）；fail in sth（在某事上失败） 4. interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ v. 打断（某人的）讲话；中断（某人的）行动；打扰 课文例句：Mum: (interrupting) A deal is a deal! （妈妈：（打断他）一诺千金！） 用法：后可直接接宾语（sb/sth），表示“打断某人/某事”。 5. realise /ˈriːəlaɪz/ v. 知道；明白；认识到；顿悟 课文例句：On my way back, I that my phone was at Jiacheng's house. （在我回来的路上，我意识到我的手机落在佳成家里了。） 易错点：后常接that宾语从句，that可省略。 6. attach /əˈtætʃ/ v. 系；绑；贴 n.attachment​ (附件；依恋) 课文例句：I checked and saw that a yellow band was to her wrist. （我检查了一下，发现她的手腕上系着一个黄色的手环。） 搭配：attach A to B​ (将A附在B上); attach sth to sth（把某物系/贴在某物上），被动形式为sth be attached to sth。 7.peer /pɪər/ n. 同龄人 复数 ：peers 搭配：peer pressure 例句：How are you getting along with your ? 8.pressure /ˈpreʃər/ n. （工作或生活中的）压力 v.：press​ (按，压)；adj.：pressured​ (感到有压力的) /pressuring​ (施加压力的) 搭配：under pressure​ (在压力下) ； put pressure on sb​ (向某人施压) blood pressure​ (血压) ；peer pressure​ (同辈压力) 例句：Don‘t let peer stop you. 9.heartbreaking /ˈhɑːtˌbreɪkɪŋ/ adj. 使人心碎的、令人心碎的 搭配：break one's heart​ (使某人心碎) 例句：I couldn’t help laughing at my words then. （当时那些令人心碎的话让我忍不住笑了出来。） 10.completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地，全部地，彻底地 例句：But soon, I fell in love with the sport. （但很快，我彻底爱上了这项运动。） 11.upon /əˈpɒn/ prep. 在……上面（较正式，可与on互换） 搭配：fall upon落在……身上，降临到……身上； upon doing sth​ (一做某事就……) = as soon as； depend upon/on​ (依赖)；once upon a time​ (从前)； 例句：It may us at any stage in our lives. 12.clearly /ˈklɪəli/ adv. 清楚地，明白地形容词：clear​ (清楚的) v.clear​ (清除；变晴朗)；n.clarity​ (清晰) 常考搭配： see/hear clearly​ (看/听清楚) It is clear that...​ (很明显……) clear up​ (整理；放晴) 例句：I know that failure lasts just a moment. 13. disagreement /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːmənt/ n. 意见不和，分歧，争论 词形变换：动词：disagree​ (不同意) 反义词：agreement​ (同意，一致)常考搭配： a disagreement with sb​ (与某人的分歧) a disagreement about/on/over sth​ (关于某事的分歧) disagree with sb​ (不同意某人) 例句：We had a about how to spend the money. (关于如何花这笔钱，我们产生了分歧。) I with you on this point. (在这一点上我不同意你的看法。) （二）单词默写 1. 许诺，保证（v.）；承诺（n.） /ˈprɒmɪs/ ：__________ 2. 失望的，沮丧的（adj.） /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ ：__________ 3. 失败，未做到（v.） /feɪl/ ：__________ 4. 打断，打扰（v.） /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ ：__________ 5. 认识到，明白（v.） /ˈriːəlaɪz/ ：__________ 6. 系，绑，贴（v.） /əˈtætʃ/ ：__________ 7. 苍白的（adj.） /peɪl/ ：__________ 8. 令人心碎的（adj.） /ˈhɑːtbreɪkɪŋ/ ：__________ 9. 完全地，彻底地（adv.） /kəmˈpliːtli/ ：__________ 10. 压力（n.） /ˈpreʃə/ ：__________ 11. 分歧，争论（n.） /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːmənt/ ：__________ 12. 同龄人（n.） /pɪə/ ：__________ 13. 在……上面（prep.） /əˈpɒn/ ：__________ 二、核心短语（必背+易错） （一）必背短语 1. a deal is a deal 一诺千金；说话算话（习语） 例句：I know you don't want to go, but . （我知道你不想去，但一诺千金。） 2. promise to do sth 许诺做某事 课文例句：Yes, I to be back before 9 tonight. （是的，我承诺过今晚9点前回来。） 3. keep one's promise 守信，遵守诺言 反义短语：break one's promise 违背诺言 例句：He always , so everyone trusts him. （他总是守信，所以每个人都信任他。） 4. head back 往回走 课文例句：I was back at 8:30. （八点半我就开始往回走了。） 5. be cross with sb 对……生气，对……不满 课文例句：I am sorry for being you. （对不起，我对你发脾气了。） 6. be disappointed at sth对某事感到失望 课文例句：Back then, I was so being too short... （那时候，我因为太矮而感到非常失望……） 7. fail to do sth 未能做到某事 课文例句：Back then, I was so disappointed at being too short and to get on the basketball team. （那时候，我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队，感到非常失望。） 8. can't help (doing) sth 忍不住做某事，不能停止做某事 课文例句：I couldn't help at my heartbreaking words then. （当时我对自己那些令人心碎的话语忍不住笑了起来。） 9. take one's mind off sth 使某人不再去想（担忧）某事 课文例句：At first, I swam just to my mind things. （起初，我只是为了转移注意力才游泳的。） 10. fall in love with 爱上，坠入情网（可接人或事物） 课文例句：But soon, I completely in love the sport. （但很快，我就彻底爱上了这项运动。） 11. take a turn 发生变化，产生转变 课文例句：My life has a different turn. （我的生活有了不同的转变。） 12. fall upon sb/sth 突然发生在某人/某物身上，降临到某人/某物身上 课文例句：It may upon at any stage in our lives. （在生活的任何阶段，它都可能发生在我们身上。） 13. out of breath 气喘吁吁 课文原句：The son runs through the door, out of . (儿子气喘吁吁地跑进门来。） （二）易错短语辨析 1. take a turn vs take turns take a turn：单数形式，意为“发生变化”，主语通常是生活、健康、事业等 例句：My life has a different turn.我的人生发生了转折。 take turns：复数形式，意为“轮流，交替”，主语通常是人，后接doing sth 例句：The children take playing the game. 孩子们轮流玩游戏。 2.be disappointed at vs be disappointed with be disappointed at：后接“事情、行为”，侧重对“某事的结果”失望 例句：She is disappointed being too short 她因为个子太矮而感到失望。 be disappointed with：后接“人或物”，侧重对“某人/某物本身”失望 例句：I am disappointed my new phone. 我对我的新手机感到失望。 三、核心句型 （一）重点句型（课文原句+结构解析） 1. 主语 + promise(s) to do sth. 某人许诺做某事。 课文例句：Yes, I to be back before 9 tonight. （没错，我承诺过今晚九点前回来。） 结构解析：promise作动词，后接不定式作宾语；主语是人，时态可根据语境用一般现在时、一般过去时。 仿写：She to help me with my English.（她许诺帮我学英语。） 2. 主语 + be + disappointed at (doing) sth. 某人对（做）某事感到失望。 课文例句：Back then, I so at too short and failing to get on the basketball team. （那时候，我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队，感到非常失望。） 结构解析：disappointed是形容词，at后可接名词或动名词；so修饰disappointed，加强语气。 仿写：He is disappointed at not the exam. （他对没有通过考试感到失望。） 3. 主语 + can't help doing sth. 某人忍不住做某事。 课文原句：I couldn't help at my heartbreaking words then. （当时那些令人心碎的话让我忍不住笑了出来。） 结构解析：can't help后必须接动名词，不能接不定式；couldn't是can't的过去式，用于过去语境。 仿写：She couldn't help when she heard the news. （听到这个消息，她忍不住哭了。） 4. 主语 + be + attached to sth. 某物被系/贴在某物上（一般被动语态）。 课文例句：I checked and saw that a yellow band was to her wrist. （我检查了一下，发现她的手腕上系着一个黄色的手环。） 结构解析：attach的被动形式，sth be attached to sth，侧重“被附着”的状态；本句是一般过去时的被动语态。 仿写：A note was to the box.（盒子上贴了一张便条。） 5. It may fall upon us at any stage in our lives.（在生活的任何阶段，它都可能发生在我们身上。） 结构解析：may是情态动词，后接动词原形fall；fall upon后接sb，意为“降临到某人身上”；at any stage意为“在任何阶段”。 仿写：Hard times may us, but we should keep brave.（困难可能会降临到我们身上，但我们应该保持勇敢。） （二）易错句型提醒 1. can't help doing sth 与 can't help (to) do sth 区分： can't help doing sth（忍不住做某事）；can't help (to) do sth（不能帮忙做某事） 2.promise的用法陷阱： promise to do sth（许诺做某事），不能说promise doing sth； keep one's promise（守信），one's要随主语变化（如keep my promise, keep her promise）。 四、核心语法：一般过去时的被动语态 （一）语法定义 表示“过去某个时间里，某事被某人做了”，侧重动作的承受者（主语是动作的承受者），而不是动作的执行者；常与表示过去的时间状语连用（如yesterday, last night, just now, then等），本单元多结合课文语境（话剧、日记）使用，无需强调执行者时可省略by短语。 （二）基本结构（必背） 1. 肯定句：主语（动作承受者） + was / were + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）。 课文例句：I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. （我一直陪着她，直到她被一位女警察送回家。） 解析：主语she是动作（take home）的承受者；was taken是“was + 过去分词”（take的过去分词是taken）；by a policewoman是动作执行者，可省略。 2.否定句：主语 + was / were + not + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）。 例句：The letter was not sent yesterday.（这封信昨天没有被寄出去。） 缩写：was not → wasn't；were not → weren't 3.一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）? 例句：Was the yellow band attached to her wrist? （那个黄色的手环是系在她的手腕上吗？） 回答：Yes, 主语 + was / were. / No, 主语 + wasn't / weren't. 4. be动词的选择：主语是单数（可数名词单数、不可数名词、人称代词单数he/she/it），用 ；主语是复数（可数名词复数、人称代词复数we/you/they），用 。 例句对比：A yellow band attached； They taken home。 （三）语法巩固练习 1. 填空练习：用动词的适当被动形式填空。 1　 The letter (send) yesterday. 2　 These houses (build) in 1990. 3　 I (tell) the news just now. 4　 He (promise) to help me, but he didn‘t come. 5　 I finally (realise) the importance of friendship. 6　 A beautiful card was (attach) to the gift. 7　 The movie has an exciting (plot). 8　 She felt a lot of (press) before the big test. 9　 He was (disappoint) at the result of the game. 10　 He (fail) to catch the last bus yesterday. 11　 The news was (heartbreak) to all of us. 12　 I (complete) agree with you. 2. 句型转换题 1　 The children cleaned the classroom yesterday. (改为被动语态) → . 2　 Did they hold a meeting last week? (改为被动语态) → ? 3　 The police didn‘t find the lost boy. (改为被动语态) → . 4　 We told her the good news. (改为被动语态) → . 5　 People speak English all over the world. (改为被动语态，一般现在时) → . 6　 They will plant more trees next year. (改为被动语态，一般将来时) → . 7　 My mum made this cake. (改为被动语态) → . 8　 The storm destroyed several houses. (改为被动语态) → . 9　 Who wrote this song? (改为被动语态) → ? 10　 You must finish the work today. (改为被动语态) → . 五、单元书面表达指导 （一）单元话题：Growing pains and gains（成长的烦恼与收获） （二）单元话题常用短语/句型 1. 开头（引出经历）：I had a difficult experience a few years ago. / Back then, I was so disappointed at failing to do sth.（几年前我有一次难忘的经历。/ 那时候，我因为没能做到某事而非常失望。） 2. 中间（描述过程）：At first, I... to take my mind off things. / But soon, I fell in love with... / I tried my best and finally...（起初，我……来转移注意力。/ 但很快，我爱上了…… / 我努力尝试，最终……） 3. 结尾（表达感悟）：Now I understand that failure is a part of life. / From this experience, I learnt that... / When one door closes, another opens.（现在我明白了，失败是生活的一部分。/ 从这次经历中，我学到了…… / 当一扇门关闭时，另一扇门会打开。） （三）小练笔：From My Pain to My Gain 要求： 仿照本单元阅读文章，写一篇关于你自身经历的短文。内容需包括： 1.描述一次你经历的失败或挫折（pain）。 2.描述你当时的心情和感受。 3.说明你是如何应对的，以及事情后来发生了怎样的转变（gain）。 4.谈谈你从这次经历中学到了什么。 词数： 70-90词。 提示词汇与句式：be disappointed at, fail to do, take one‘s mind off, fall in love with, take a different turn, I couldn‘t help..., When one door closes, another opens. 参考范文： From My Pain to My Gain Last year, I failed to get into the school singing competition. I was deeply disappointed at the result. I couldn't help crying after hearing the news. To take my mind off the sadness, I started learning to play the guitar. Surprisingly, I soon fell in love with it. Things took a different turn when my music teacher invited me to play in a school concert. It was a great success! Now I truly understand: "When one door closes, another opens."​ My failure led me to discover a new talent. This experience taught me that persistence is the key to overcoming disappointment. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains知识清单背诵版 一、核心词汇 （一）核心词汇 1. promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ v. 许诺，保证，答应；n. 保证，承诺，诺言 常考搭配： make a promise​ (许下诺言)；keep/break a promise​ (遵守/违背诺言) promise to do sth​ (答应做某事)；promise (sb) that...​ (向某人保证……) 课文例句：Yes, I promised to be back before 9 tonight. （没错，我承诺过今晚九点前回来。） 补充例句：He always keeps his promise.（他总是遵守自己的诺言。） 易错点：作动词时，后接不定式（promise to do sth）；作名词时，常用搭配keep one's promise（守信）。 2. disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. 失望的，沮丧的（语篇核心词） 常考搭配： be disappointed at/with sth​ (对某事感到失望) be disappointed in/with sb​ (对某人感到失望) be disappointed to do sth​ (做某事感到失望) to one's disappointment​ (令某人失望的是) 课文例句：Back then, I was so disappointed at being too short and failing to get on the basketball team. （那时候，我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队，感到非常失望。） 搭配：be disappointed at sth（对某事失望）；be disappointed to do sth（做某事感到失望） 3. fail /feɪl/ v. 失败，未做到 n.failure​ (失败；失败的人或事) 常考搭配： fail to do sth​ (未能做成某事)；fail (in) an exam​ (考试不及格) fail sb​ (使某人不及格/失望)；without fail​ (必定，总是) 课文例句：Back then, I was so disappointed at being too short and failing to get on the basketball team. （那时候，我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队，感到非常失望。） 搭配：fail to do sth（未能做到某事）；fail in sth（在某事上失败） 4. interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ v. 打断（某人的）讲话；中断（某人的）行动；打扰 课文例句：Mum: (interrupting) A deal is a deal! （妈妈：（打断他）一诺千金！） 用法：后可直接接宾语（sb/sth），表示“打断某人/某事”。 5. realise /ˈriːəlaɪz/ v. 知道；明白；认识到；顿悟 课文例句：On my way back, I realised that my phone was at Jiacheng's house. （在我回来的路上，我意识到我的手机落在佳成家里了。） 易错点：后常接that宾语从句，that可省略。 6. attach /əˈtætʃ/ v. 系；绑；贴 n.attachment​ (附件；依恋) 课文例句：I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist. （我检查了一下，发现她的手腕上系着一个黄色的手环。） 搭配：attach A to B​ (将A附在B上); attach sth to sth（把某物系/贴在某物上），被动形式为sth be attached to sth。 7.peer /pɪər/ n. 同龄人 复数：peers 搭配：peer pressure 例句：How are you getting along with your peers? 8.pressure /ˈpreʃər/ n. （工作或生活中的）压力 v.：press​ (按，压)；adj.：pressured​ (感到有压力的) /pressuring​ (施加压力的) 搭配：under pressure​ (在压力下) ； put pressure on sb​ (向某人施压) blood pressure​ (血压) ；peer pressure​ (同辈压力) 例句：Don‘t let peer pressure stop you. 9.heartbreaking /ˈhɑːtˌbreɪkɪŋ/ adj. 使人心碎的、令人心碎的 搭配：break one's heart​ (使某人心碎) 例句：I couldn’t help laughing at my heartbreaking words then. （当时那些令人心碎的话让我忍不住笑了出来。） 10.completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地，全部地，彻底地 例句：But soon, I fell completely in love with the sport. （但很快，我彻底爱上了这项运动。） 11.upon /əˈpɒn/ prep. 在……上面（较正式，可与on互换） 搭配：fall upon落在……身上，降临到……身上； upon doing sth​ (一做某事就……) = as soon as； depend upon/on​ (依赖)；once upon a time​ (从前)； 例句：It may fall upon us at any stage in our lives. 12.clearly /ˈklɪəli/ adv. 清楚地，明白地形容词：clear​ (清楚的) v.clear​ (清除；变晴朗)；n.clarity​ (清晰) 常考搭配： see/hear clearly​ (看/听清楚) It is clear that...​ (很明显……) clear up​ (整理；放晴) 例句：I know clearly that failure lasts just a moment. 13. disagreement /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːmənt/ n. 意见不和，分歧，争论 词形变换：动词：disagree​ (不同意) 反义词：agreement​ (同意，一致)常考搭配： a disagreement with sb​ (与某人的分歧) a disagreement about/on/over sth​ (关于某事的分歧) disagree with sb​ (不同意某人) 例句：We had a disagreement about how to spend the money. (关于如何花这笔钱，我们产生了分歧。) I disagree with you on this point. (在这一点上我不同意你的看法。) （二）单词默写 1. 许诺，保证（v.）；承诺（n.） /ˈprɒmɪs/ ：__________ 2. 失望的，沮丧的（adj.） /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ ：__________ 3. 失败，未做到（v.） /feɪl/ ：__________ 4. 打断，打扰（v.） /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ ：__________ 5. 认识到，明白（v.） /ˈriːəlaɪz/ ：__________ 6. 系，绑，贴（v.） /əˈtætʃ/ ：__________ 7. 苍白的（adj.） /peɪl/ ：__________ 8. 令人心碎的（adj.） /ˈhɑːtbreɪkɪŋ/ ：__________ 9. 完全地，彻底地（adv.） /kəmˈpliːtli/ ：__________ 10. 压力（n.） /ˈpreʃə/ ：__________ 11. 分歧，争论（n.） /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːmənt/ ：__________ 12. 同龄人（n.） /pɪə/ ：__________ 13. 在……上面（prep.） /əˈpɒn/ ：__________ 二、核心短语（必背+易错） （一）必背短语 1. a deal is a deal 一诺千金；说话算话（习语） 例句：I know you don't want to go, but a deal is a deal. （我知道你不想去，但一诺千金。） 2. promise to do sth 许诺做某事 课文例句：Yes, I promised to be back before 9 tonight. （是的，我承诺过今晚9点前回来。） 3. keep one's promise 守信，遵守诺言 反义短语：break one's promise 违背诺言 例句：He always keeps his promise, so everyone trusts him. （他总是守信，所以每个人都信任他。） 4. head back 往回走 课文例句：I was heading back at 8:30. （八点半我就开始往回走了。） 5. be cross with sb 对……生气，对……不满 课文例句：I am sorry for being cross with you. （对不起，我对你发脾气了。） 6. be disappointed at sth对某事感到失望 课文例句：Back then, I was so disappointed at being too short... （那时候，我因为太矮而感到非常失望……） 7. fail to do sth 未能做到某事 课文例句：Back then, I was so disappointed at being too short and failing to get on the basketball team. （那时候，我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队，感到非常失望。） 8. can't help (doing) sth 忍不住做某事，不能停止做某事 课文例句：I couldn't help laughing at my heartbreaking words then. （当时我对自己那些令人心碎的话语忍不住笑了起来。） 9. take one's mind off sth 使某人不再去想（担忧）某事 课文例句：At first, I swam just to take my mind off things. （起初，我只是为了转移注意力才游泳的。） 10. fall in love with 爱上，坠入情网（可接人或事物） 课文例句：But soon, I fell completely in love with the sport. （但很快，我就彻底爱上了这项运动。） 11. take a turn 发生变化，产生转变 课文例句：My life has taken a different turn. （我的生活有了不同的转变。） 12. fall upon sb/sth 突然发生在某人/某物身上，降临到某人/某物身上 课文例句：It may fall upon us at any stage in our lives. （在生活的任何阶段，它都可能发生在我们身上。） 13. out of breath 气喘吁吁 课文原句：The son runs through the door, out of breath. (儿子气喘吁吁地跑进门来。） （二）易错短语辨析 1. take a turn vs take turns take a turn：单数形式，意为“发生变化”，主语通常是生活、健康、事业等 例句：My life has taken a different turn.我的人生发生了转折。 take turns：复数形式，意为“轮流，交替”，主语通常是人，后接doing sth 例句：The children take turns playing the game. 孩子们轮流玩游戏。 2.be disappointed at vs be disappointed with be disappointed at：后接“事情、行为”，侧重对“某事的结果”失望 例句：She is disappointed at being too short 她因为个子太矮而感到失望。 be disappointed with：后接“人或物”，侧重对“某人/某物本身”失望 例句：I am disappointed with my new phone. 我对我的新手机感到失望。 三、核心句型 （一）重点句型（课文原句+结构解析） 1. 主语 + promise(s) to do sth. 某人许诺做某事。 课文例句：Yes, I promised to be back before 9 tonight. （没错，我承诺过今晚九点前回来。） 结构解析：promise作动词，后接不定式作宾语；主语是人，时态可根据语境用一般现在时、一般过去时。 仿写：She promises to help me with my English.（她许诺帮我学英语。） 2. 主语 + be + disappointed at (doing) sth. 某人对（做）某事感到失望。 课文例句：Back then, I was so disappointed at being too short and failing to get on the basketball team. （那时候，我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队，感到非常失望。） 结构解析：disappointed是形容词，at后可接名词或动名词；so修饰disappointed，加强语气。 仿写：He is disappointed at not passing the exam. （他对没有通过考试感到失望。） 3. 主语 + can't help doing sth. 某人忍不住做某事。 课文原句：I couldn't help laughing at my heartbreaking words then. （当时那些令人心碎的话让我忍不住笑了出来。） 结构解析：can't help后必须接动名词，不能接不定式；couldn't是can't的过去式，用于过去语境。 仿写：She couldn't help crying when she heard the news. （听到这个消息，她忍不住哭了。） 4. 主语 + be + attached to sth. 某物被系/贴在某物上（一般被动语态）。 课文例句：I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist. （我检查了一下，发现她的手腕上系着一个黄色的手环。） 结构解析：attach的被动形式，sth be attached to sth，侧重“被附着”的状态；本句是一般过去时的被动语态。 仿写：A note was attached to the box.（盒子上贴了一张便条。） 5. It may fall upon us at any stage in our lives.（在生活的任何阶段，它都可能发生在我们身上。） 结构解析：may是情态动词，后接动词原形fall；fall upon后接sb，意为“降临到某人身上”；at any stage意为“在任何阶段”。 仿写：Hard times may fall upon us, but we should keep brave.（困难可能会降临到我们身上，但我们应该保持勇敢。） （二）易错句型提醒 1. can't help doing sth 与 can't help (to) do sth 区分： can't help doing sth（忍不住做某事）；can't help (to) do sth（不能帮忙做某事） 2.promise的用法陷阱： promise to do sth（许诺做某事），不能说promise doing sth； keep one's promise（守信），one's要随主语变化（如keep my promise, keep her promise）。 四、核心语法：一般过去时的被动语态 （一）语法定义 表示“过去某个时间里，某事被某人做了”，侧重动作的承受者（主语是动作的承受者），而不是动作的执行者；常与表示过去的时间状语连用（如yesterday, last night, just now, then等），本单元多结合课文语境（话剧、日记）使用，无需强调执行者时可省略by短语。 （二）基本结构（必背） 1. 肯定句：主语（动作承受者） + was / were + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）。 课文例句：I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. （我一直陪着她，直到她被一位女警察送回家。） 解析：主语she是动作（take home）的承受者；was taken是“was + 过去分词”（take的过去分词是taken）；by a policewoman是动作执行者，可省略。 2.否定句：主语 + was / were + not + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）。 例句：The letter was not sent yesterday.（这封信昨天没有被寄出去。） 缩写：was not → wasn't；were not → weren't 3.一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）? 例句：Was the yellow band attached to her wrist? （那个黄色的手环是系在她的手腕上吗？） 回答：Yes, 主语 + was / were. / No, 主语 + wasn't / weren't. 4. be动词的选择：主语是单数（可数名词单数、不可数名词、人称代词单数he/she/it），用was；主语是复数（可数名词复数、人称代词复数we/you/they），用were。 例句对比：A yellow band was attached（单数主语，用was）； They were taken home（复数主语，用were）。 （三）语法巩固练习 1. 填空练习：用动词的适当被动形式填空。 1　 The letter (send) yesterday. (答案：was sent) 2　 These houses (build) in 1990. (答案：were built) 3　 I (tell) the news just now. (答案：was told) 4　 He (promise) to help me, but he didn‘t come. (答案：promised) 5　 I finally (realise) the importance of friendship. (答案：realised) 6　 A beautiful card was (attach) to the gift. (答案：attached) 7　 The movie has an exciting (plot). (答案：plot) 8　 She felt a lot of (press) before the big test. (答案：pressure) 9　 He was (disappoint) at the result of the game. (答案：disappointed) 10　 He (fail) to catch the last bus yesterday. (答案：failed) 11　 The news was (heartbreak) to all of us. (答案：heartbreaking) 12　 I (complete) agree with you. (答案：completely) 2. 句型转换题 1　 The children cleaned the classroom yesterday. (改为被动语态) →The classroom was cleaned by the children yesterday. 2　 Did they hold a meeting last week? (改为被动语态) →Was a meeting held last week? 3　 The police didn‘t find the lost boy. (改为被动语态) →The lost boy wasn’t found by the police. 4　 We told her the good news. (改为被动语态) →She was told the good news by us. 5　 People speak English all over the world. (改为被动语态，一般现在时) →English is spoken all over the world. 6　 They will plant more trees next year. (改为被动语态，一般将来时) →More trees will be planted next year. 7　 My mum made this cake. (改为被动语态) →This cake was made by my mum. 8　 The storm destroyed several houses. (改为被动语态) →Several houses were destroyed by the storm. 9　 Who wrote this song? (改为被动语态) →By whom was this song written? 10　 You must finish the work today. (改为被动语态) →The work must be finished today. 五、单元书面表达指导 （一）单元话题：Growing pains and gains（成长的烦恼与收获） （二）单元话题常用短语/句型 1. 开头（引出经历）：I had a difficult experience a few years ago. / Back then, I was so disappointed at failing to do sth.（几年前我有一次难忘的经历。/ 那时候，我因为没能做到某事而非常失望。） 2. 中间（描述过程）：At first, I... to take my mind off things. / But soon, I fell in love with... / I tried my best and finally...（起初，我……来转移注意力。/ 但很快，我爱上了…… / 我努力尝试，最终……） 3. 结尾（表达感悟）：Now I understand that failure is a part of life. / From this experience, I learnt that... / When one door closes, another opens.（现在我明白了，失败是生活的一部分。/ 从这次经历中，我学到了…… / 当一扇门关闭时，另一扇门会打开。） （三）小练笔：From My Pain to My Gain 要求： 仿照本单元阅读文章，写一篇关于你自身经历的短文。内容需包括： 1.描述一次你经历的失败或挫折（pain）。 2.描述你当时的心情和感受。 3.说明你是如何应对的，以及事情后来发生了怎样的转变（gain）。 4.谈谈你从这次经历中学到了什么。 词数： 70-90词。 提示词汇与句式：be disappointed at, fail to do, take one‘s mind off, fall in love with, take a different turn, I couldn‘t help..., When one door closes, another opens. 参考范文： From My Pain to My Gain Last year, I failed to get into the school singing competition. I was deeply disappointed at the result. I couldn't help crying after hearing the news. To take my mind off the sadness, I started learning to play the guitar. Surprisingly, I soon fell in love with it. Things took a different turn when my music teacher invited me to play in a school concert. It was a great success! Now I truly understand: "When one door closes, another opens."​ My failure led me to discover a new talent. This experience taught me that persistence is the key to overcoming disappointment. ( 1 / 11 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $