Unit5语法讲解及习题：形容词的用法与情态动词can_could_may -2025-2026学年译林版七年级英语下册

译林英语七下Unit5语法讲解及习题 形容词的用法与情态动词can/could/may 一、语法讲解 1. 形容词的用法（Using adjectives） 定义与功能 形容词用于描述人或事物的特征、性质或状态，在本单元“Animal friends”话题中，常用于描述宠物的外形、性格等。 核心位置 名词前作定语：直接修饰名词，说明名词的特征。 例：It is a clever dog. 系动词后作表语：放在系动词（be, look, feel, get等）后，说明主语的状态。 例：The dog looks cute. 常见系动词 be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn 2. 情态动词 can, could, may 的用法 定义与功能 can：表示现在的能力、许可或可能性。 could：表示过去的能力，或更委婉地请求许可。 may：表示正式的许可或请求。 核心用法对比 情态动词 能力表达 许可表达 语气特点 can 现在的能力（能/会） 口语化的许可（可以） 直接、口语化 could 过去的能力（过去能/会） 委婉请求许可（可以吗） 更礼貌、委婉 may — 正式请求或给予许可（可以） 正式、礼貌 否定形式 can → can't / cannot could → couldn't may → may not（较少用，否定许可常用can't） 二、习题训练 题型一：用括号内形容词的正确形式填空 1. The cat has ___________ (soft) fur. It feels nice. 2. The parrot is very ___________ (colour). It has red and green feathers. 3. My rabbit's ears are ___________ (long) than yours. 4. The dog looks ___________ (happy) when it sees me. 5. This is a ___________ (special) gift for my pet. 6. The mouse gets ___________ (tired) after playing. 7. The pig is ___________ (clever) and knows its name. 8. The fish in the tank is ___________ (small) and cute. 9. The bird sings a ___________ (loud) song every morning. 10. My pet is ___________ (hungry). I need to feed it now. 题型二：用 can, could 或 may 填空 1. —______ I play with your dog? —Yes, you ___________. 2. My cat ___________ jump high when it was young, but it ___________ now. 3. —______ your parrot talk? —No, it ___________, but it ___________ do tricks. 4. —______ I feed your goldfish? —Sorry, I'm afraid you ___________. 5. When I was a child, I ___________ swim very well. 6. —______ I borrow your book about animals? —Yes, you ___________. 7. The dog ___________ run fast. It likes to chase balls. 8. —______ you help me take care of my pet? —Yes, I ___________. 9. The little bird ___________ fly yet. It needs more time to grow. 10. —______ I leave early today? —Yes, you ___________. 题型三：单项选择 1. The dog is ___________. It always makes me laugh. A. clever B. cleverly C. cleverer D. cleverest 2. —______ I use your pen? —Yes, you ___________. A. May; can B. Can; may C. Could; can D. May; may 3. The rabbit's ears are ___________ than the cat's. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 4. —______ your dog swim? —Yes, it ___________. A. Can; can B. Could; could C. May; may D. Can; could 5. The cat looks ___________ after sleeping. A. happy B. happily C. happiness D. happier 6. When I was young, I ___________ climb trees, but now I ___________. A. can; can't B. could; can't C. can; couldn't D. could; couldn't 7. —______ I have a look at your pet? —Yes, you ___________. A. May; may B. Can; can C. Could; could D. May; can 8. The pig is ___________ and friendly. A. clever B. cleverly C. cleverer D. cleverest 9. The bird sings ___________. It sounds ___________. A. beautiful; beautiful B. beautifully; beautifully C. beautiful; beautifully D. beautifully; beautiful 10. —______ you play the piano? —Yes, I ___________. A. Can; can B. Could; could C. May; may D. Can; could 题型四：句型转换 1. The dog is clever.（对划线部分提问） ______ ___________ the dog ___________? 2. My cat can jump high.（改为否定句） My cat ___________ ___________ high. 3. The rabbit has long ears.（对划线部分提问） ______ ___________ the rabbit ___________? 4. I could swim when I was five.（改为一般疑问句） ______ ___________ swim when you were five? 5. The parrot looks cute.（对划线部分提问） ______ ___________ the parrot ___________? 三、答案和解析 题型一：用括号内形容词的正确形式填空 1. soft：形容词修饰名词fur，用原级。 2. colourful：colour的形容词形式，意为“色彩鲜艳的”。 3. longer：有than表示比较，用比较级。 4. happy：系动词look后接形容词作表语。 5. special：形容词修饰名词gift，用原级。 6. tired：系动词get后接形容词作表语，意为“疲惫的”。 7. clever：形容词作表语，描述猪的特征。 8. small：形容词修饰名词fish，用原级。 9. loud：形容词修饰名词song，用原级。 10. hungry：系动词is后接形容词作表语，意为“饿的”。 题型二：用 can, could 或 may 填空 1. Could/May; can/may：could/may用于委婉请求，can/may用于给予许可。 2. could; can't：could表示过去的能力，can't表示现在不能。 3. Can; can't; can：can表示现在的能力，can't表示否定，can表示另一种能力。 4. May; can't：may用于正式请求，can't表示拒绝许可。 5. could：表示过去的能力。 6. Could/May; can/may：委婉请求与许可。 7. can：表示现在的能力。 8. Could/Can; can：请求帮助与回应。 9. can't：表示现在不能。 10. May/Could; can/may：正式请求与许可。 题型三：单项选择 1. A：形容词原级作表语，描述狗的特征。 2. C：could用于委婉请求，can用于给予许可。 3. B：than提示用比较级longer。 4. A：can表示现在的能力，用于一般疑问句和肯定回答。 5. A：系动词look后接形容词happy作表语。 6. B：could表示过去的能力，can't表示现在不能。 7. D：may用于正式请求，can用于口语化回应。 8. A：形容词原级作表语，描述猪的性格。 9. D：副词beautifully修饰动词sing；形容词beautiful作表语，描述sound的感受。 10. A：can表示现在的能力，用于一般疑问句和肯定回答。 题型四：句型转换 1. What is; like：对特征提问用“What is...like?”。 2. can't jump：can的否定形式为can't，后接动词原形。 3. What does; have：对宾语提问用what，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用does。 4. Could you：could引导的一般疑问句，将could提前，I变you。 5. How does; look：对外观感受提问用“How does...look?”。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $