Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 重点语法：一般过去时的被动语态精讲精练60题-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册重难点讲练全攻略（外研版）

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 重点语法：一般过去时的被动语态精讲精练60题 语法知识精讲 知识模块 具体内容 定义 表示过去某个时间里，主语承受的动作或发生的被动状态 （即动作的承受者作主语） 核心结构 肯定式：主语+was /were+动词过去分词（V-ed）+（by+动作执行者） 注：by 短语表动作执行者，可省略） 否定式 主语+was not（wasn't） /were not（weren't）+动词过去分词+（by+动作执行者） 一般疑问式 Was / Were+主语+动词过去分词+（by+动作执行者）？ （答语：Yes, 主语+was /were./ No, 主语+wasn't /weren't.） 特殊疑问式 疑问词（What / Who / When / Where / How 等）+was /were+主语+动词过去分词+（by+动作执行者）？ be动词选择 was：用于主语是单数（I /he/she /it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词） were：用于主语是复数（we /you/they / 复数名词） 关键词提示 常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday（昨天）、last week（上周）、ago（…… 以前）、in 2022（在 2022 年）、at that time（在那时）、just now（刚才）等 注意事项 1 动词过去分词的构成：规则动词加 - ed（如：cleaned, finished）； 不规则动词需牢记特殊形式（如：done, seen, written） 注意事项 2 主动语态变被动语态时，主动句的宾语变被动句的主语，主动句的主语变被动句的 by 短语（可省略） 注意事项 3 不及物动词（如：happen, occur, appear 等）没有被动语态，因为它们不能承受动作 语法知识精练 一、单项选择 1．The story of Oliver Twist ________ on how poor people lived in London in the 1800s. A．bases B．based C．is based D．was based 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《雾都孤儿》的故事基于19世纪伦敦穷人的生活。 考查动词时态和语态。主语The story与动词base构成被动关系（故事被基于……），介绍故事内容应用一般现在时。故选C。 2．—I hear that the “Wannian Rice Farming Cultural System” (万年稻作文化系统) __________ as an important agricultural heritage (农业遗产) in 2013. —Yes, that’s true. It shows the wisdom of ancient people. A．choose B．chose C．is chosen D．was chosen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我听说“万年稻作文化系统”在2013年被选为一项重要的农业遗产。——是的，那是真的。它展示了古人的智慧。 考查动词时态和语态。choose选择，动词原形；chose选择，过去式；is chosen被选择，一般现在时的被动语态；was chosen被选择，一般过去时的被动语态。主语“Wannian Rice Farming Cultural System”是动作的承受者，与动词choose之间是被动关系，表示“万年稻作文化系统”被选为一项重要的农业遗产。应用被动语态，排除A、B项。根据时间状语“in 2013”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故选D。 3．It’s reported that over 100 people ________ in the landslide, ________ some babies. A．were killed; including B．killed; including C．were killed; include D．killed; include 【答案】A 【详解】句意：据报道，超过100人在此次山体滑坡中遇难，其中包括一些婴儿。 考查时态语态和介词用法。主语“over 100 people”与动词“kill”之间是动宾关系，需用被动语态，且事件为过去发生，用一般过去时的被动语态“were killed”；简单句中已有谓语“were killed”，不能再出现第二个谓语动词，因此第二空不能用动词原形“include”，需用介词“including”来补充说明遇难者的范围，符合语境。故选A。 4．His nose ________ during the basketball game, because it was ________ by a basketball. A．bleed; hit B．bled; hit C．shock; lay D．harmed; shocked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他的鼻子在篮球比赛中流血了，因为它被篮球击中了。 考查动词时态和语态辨析。bleed流血；bled流血（过去式）；hit击中；shock震惊；shock震惊（过去式）；harmed伤害（过去式）；lay放置。第一空描述鼻子流血，是过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，bleed的过去式为bled；第二空表示“被击中”，需用被动语态：be+过去分词，hit的过去分词仍为hit。故选B。 5．—You are unusually quiet, Jack. What’s the matter? —I ________ by Mum just now. A．am punished B．was punishing C．was punished D．punished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——杰克，你异常安静。怎么了？——我刚才被妈妈惩罚了。 考查被动语态。am punished被惩罚，一般现在时；was punishing正在惩罚，过去进行时；was punished被惩罚，一般过去时被动语态；punished惩罚，一般过去时主动语态。根据“just now”可知动作发生在过去，且主语“I”与“惩罚”之间为被动关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 6．—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No, I ________. A．am not invited B．wasn’t invited C．haven’t invited D．didn’t invite 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你去参加杰克的生日派对了吗？——没有，我没有被邀请。 考查被动语态。am not invited未被邀请，一般现在时被动；wasn’t invited未被邀请，一般过去时被动；haven’t invited没有邀请，现在完成时主动；didn’t invite没有邀请，一般过去时主动。根据问句“Did you go to Jack’s birthday party?”可知，对话谈论的是过去的事情，且“我”与“邀请”之间是被动关系 (我被邀请)，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 7．—The trees in the photo look so wonderful. Where ________ the photo ________? —In my hometown. It is a place with natural beauty. A．did; take B．was; taken C．does; take D．are; taken 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——照片里的树看起来太美了。这张照片是在哪里拍的？——在我的家乡。那是一个自然风光优美的地方。 考查被动语态。did; take一般过去时的主动语态；was; taken一般过去时的被动语态；does; take一般现在时的主动语态；are; taken一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Where…the photo…?”可知，照片是被拍摄，且拍摄这个动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 8．There was little time left in the meeting, so Dr Robot ________ to cut down his speech to 20 minutes. A．told B．was told C．was telling D．is told 【答案】B 【详解】句意：会议剩下的时间不多了，所以机器人博士被告知将他的演讲缩短到20分钟。 考查被动语态。told告诉；was told被告知，一般过去时被动语态；was telling正在告诉；is told被告诉，一般现在时被动语态。根据句意，机器人博士是“被告诉”要缩短演讲，且前句“There was little time left”为一般过去时，此处需用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were+过去分词）。故选B。 9．The poor woman ________ that the company couldn’t afford ________ her work in the end. She couldn’t believe her ears. A．told; paying for B．was told; paying C．told; to pay D．was told; to pay for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个可怜的女人被告知公司最终负担不起她的工作报酬。她不敢相信自己的耳朵。 考查被动语态和动词短语。根据“She couldn’t believe her ears.”可知，第一个空表示这位女士被告知，应使用被动语态was told；afford to do sth.意为“负担得起做某事”，第二个空用动词不定式，pay for意为“支付……的报酬”。故选D。 10．—Why didn’t you come to his birthday party yesterday? —Because I ________. A．didn’t invite B．isn’t invited C．wasn’t invited D．haven’t invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你昨天为什么没来参加他的生日派对？——因为我没被邀请。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Why didn’t you come to his birthday party yesterday?”可知，句子主语“I”和“invite”是被动关系，且时间是“yesterday”，用一般过去时的被动语态“wasn’t invited”。故选C。 11．Paper ________ by Cai Lun in the Han Dynasty, and it’s one of the greatest inventions in China. A．invented B．is invented C．was invented D．will be invented 【答案】C 【详解】句意：纸是在汉代被蔡伦发明的，它是中国最伟大的发明之一。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。invented发明，过去式；is invented被发明，一般现在时的被动语态；was invented被发明，一般过去时的被动语态；will be invented将被发明，一般将来时的被动语态。根据“Paper…by Cai Lun in the Han Dynasty”可知，纸被发明是过去发生的事情，且纸与发明之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 12．The Winter Olympic Games ________ in Beijing in 2022. It was a great success. A．hold B．held C．were held D．are held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：2022年冬奥会在北京举行，取得了巨大成功。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。hold举行；held举行，过去式；were held被举行，一般过去时的被动语态；are held被举行，一般现在时的被动语态。根据“in 2022”可知，时态为一般过去时，且主语“The Winter Olympic Games”与动词“hold”之间是被动关系，因此这里用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 13．—It’s reported that some robots ________ to work with traffic policemen in some cities. —That’s amazing! A．have send B．were sending C．will send D．were sent 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—据报道，在一些城市，一些机器人被派去和交警一起工作。—太神奇了！ 考查被动语态。主语“some robots”是动作的承受者，即机器人被派去工作，因此需用被动语态be done。故选D。 14．The shared bike system __________ by a young company last year. A．is developed B．was developed C．developed D．develops 【答案】B 【详解】句意：共享单车系统是去年由一家年轻的公司开发的。 考查被动语态。is developed被开发，一般现在时的被动；was developed被开发，一般过去时的被动；developed(被)开发，过去式/过去分词；develops开发，一般现在时。主语“The shared bike system”和谓语动词develop之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态be developed；再根据“last year”可知，应使用一般过去时，且主语为单数可数名词，结合题目空处应填was developed。故选B。 15．All the tables ________ with red cloth for the party yesterday. A．cover B．covered C．are covered D．were covered 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天所有的桌子都铺上了红布用于聚会。 考查被动语态和时态。根据“All the tables...with red cloth for the party yesterday”可知句子主语“tables”是动作的承受者，需用被动语态“be covered”；时间状语“yesterday”表明动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态“were covered”。故选D。 16．—Can I borrow this book? —Sorry, it ________ to Linda. She will return it next week. A．lends B．is lent C．has lent D．was lent 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我能借这本书吗？——抱歉，它被借给琳达了。她下周会归还。 考查被动语态和时态。分析句子结构可知，主语it指代书，与动词lend之间是动宾关系，需用被动语态，故排除选项A、C；根据答语“She will return it next week.”可知，借书给琳达是过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，was lent符合题意，故选D。 17．Few students could understand the sentence until it ________ twice or three times. A．explains B．was explained C．will be explained D．has explained 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很少有学生能理解这个句子，直到它被解释了两三次。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句中“it”指代“the sentence”，与动词“explain”之间为被动关系，即句子是被解释的对象，需用被动语态，其结构为be+过去分词；主句“Few students could understand…”中“could”是“can”的过去式，提示句子时态为一般过去时，因此从句的被动语态也需用一般过去时，即“was/were +过去分词”；主语为“it”，be动词用was，动词explain的过去分词为explained。故选B。 18．—The flowers on both sides make the street beautiful. —Yes. They ________ last week. A．planted B．will plant C．were planted D．will be planted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 街道两边的花让这条街变得美丽。—— 是的。它们是上周被种植的。 考查被动语态。根据时间状语“last week”可知动作发生在过去，且“flowers”与“plant”之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 19．—What did you do last May Day? —I planned to go out but we ________ on the way because of a traffic accident. A．were trapping B．are trapping C．were trapped D．are trapped 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——过去的五一劳动节你做了什么？——我本来打算出去，但因为一场交通事故，我们在路上被困住了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“What did you do last May Day?”可知，对话谈论的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，we和trap之间是被动关系，即“我们被困住”，要用一般过去时的被动语态，应该用were trapped。故选C。 20．The famous magician, as well as his assistants, ________ to perform at the China’s Got Talent in 2022. A．were invited B．have been invited C．was invited D．has been invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位著名的魔术师和他的助手们被邀请在2022年的《中国达人秀》上表演。 考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。根据“in 2022”可知，时态是一般过去时；主语和动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以空处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是：was/were+过去分词；句中的“as well as”用于连接并列主语，谓语动词的数要与第一个主语“The famous magician”保持一致，“The famous magician”表示单数，所以此处应用be动词was。故选C。 21．Potatoes ________ to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it. A．took B．have taken C．will be taken D．were taken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：马铃薯在16世纪被带到欧洲，很快在欧洲各地得到了广泛的应用。 考查动词时态及语态。Potatoes与动词take之间是被动关系，即：马铃薯被带到欧洲；根据“in the 1500s”可知，时态是一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were done。故选D。 22．All the runners ________ after they finished the marathon (马拉松) race. A．tired out B．were tied to C．were tired out D．are tiring out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：马拉松比赛结束后，所有的跑者都筋疲力尽了。 考查短语辨析。tired out使筋疲力尽；were tied to被绑定到；were tired out筋疲力尽的；are tiring out累了，时态错误。根据“All the runners…after they finished the marathon (马拉松) race.”可知此处描述的是跑步者的状态是“筋疲力尽的”，需要用被动，故选C。 23．After the storm, the playground ________ heavy snow, providing a perfect chance for a snowball fight. A．was covered B．was covered with C．was filled D．was filled with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：暴风雨过后，操场上积了厚厚的雪，这为打雪仗提供了绝佳的机会。 考查短语辨析及一般过去时的被动语态。was covered被覆盖，一般过去时的被动；was covered with被……覆盖；was filled被充满，一般过去时的被动；was filled with充满……。根据“the playground...heavy snow”可知，是指操场被雪覆盖。故选B。 24．It is said that Wuhu Longwan Yangtze River Tunnel (隧道) ________ in July, 2025. A．will use B．is used C．was used D．has used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据说芜湖龙湾长江隧道于2025年7月投入使用。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“in July，2025”可知，句子应该用一般过去时，排除选项A、B和D；又因为主语“Wuhu Longwan Yangtze River Tunnel”和谓语动词“use”之间是被动关系，表示隧道被使用，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是“was/were+动词的过去分词”。故选C。 25．—Did Robert get that job? —No. He ________ because he had no working experience. A．refuses B．refused C．has refused D．was refused 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——罗伯特得到那份工作了吗？——没有。他因为没有工作经验而被拒绝了。 考查被动语态及时态。refuses拒绝，三单形式；refused过去式和过去分词形式；has refused现在完成时结构；was refused 一般过去时的被动语态结构。根据语境可知，“He”和“refuse”之间是被动关系，即他是“被拒绝”的，且问句中“Did”表明事情发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+过去分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，be动词用“was”，“refuse”的过去分词是“refused”，所以应填“was refused”。故选D。 26．The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge ________ in Guizhou Province on January 17, 2025. A．is connecting B．will be connected C．was connected D．has connected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：花江大峡谷大桥于2025年1月17日在贵州省合拢。    考查动词的时态和语态。句中的时间状语“on January 17, 2025”指的是过去时间。主语The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge是一个事物，它与connect(连接) 之间是被动关系。因此，应使用过去时态的被动语态。故选C。 27．—Eric, you ________ to go to the teachers’ office just now. What’s up? —We aren’t allowed to bring phones to school. Um, but I broke the rule. A．told B．tell C．are told D．were told 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Eric，你刚才被叫去老师办公室。怎么回事？——我们不允许带手机来学校。呃，但我违反了规定。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语“just now”可知，动作发生在过去，且主语“you”与“tell”之间是被动关系（被告诉/被叫去），故此处需用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were told）。故选D。 28．—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A．shows B．has shown C．is shown D．was shown 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎展出。——哇！好消息。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“last month”可知，动作发生在过去，且主语“Jingdezhen Porcelain”与动词之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done）。故选D。 29．Since the English corner ______ up last month, we have organized six activities. A．has been set B．is set C．was set D．will be set 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从上个月英语角成立以来，我们已经组织了六次活动。 考查句子时态。has been set现在完成时的被动语态；is set一般现在时的被动语态；was set一般过去时的被动语态；will be set一般将来时的被动语态。“since”引导的从句表示动作的起点，主句用现在完成时have+过去分词，从句通常用一般过去时，表示过去发生的具体动作。从句中有明确的时间状语“last month”（上个月），强调动作发生在过去，因此从句需用一般过去时。故选C。 30．In the beginning, Baduanjin (八段锦) ________  as a way to improve the physical health of soldiers. A．develops B．developed C．is developed D．was developed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：起初，八段锦被开发为一种改善士兵身体健康的方法。    考查动词的时态和语态。句子描述的是过去发生的事情（“In the beginning”表明过去的时间背景），需用过去时态，主语“Baduanjin”是动作“开发”的承受者，需用被动语态（be+过去分词）。故选D。 二、单词拼写 31．The bike (tie) to the street lamp by the boy last night. 【答案】was tied 【详解】句意：昨晚这辆自行车被那个男孩拴在了街灯上。tie“拴，系”，根据“last night”可知句子时态是一般过去时，且主语“The bike”和动词“tie”之间是被动关系，即自行车被拴，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是“was/were+过去分词”，主语“The bike”是单数，be动词用was，tie的过去分词是tied。故填was tied。 32．Some important questions (raise) at the class meeting yesterday. 【答案】were raised 【详解】句意：昨天的班会上提出了一些重要的问题。根据“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，且主语“Some important questions”与动词“raise”之间为被动关系，即问题被提出，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”。主语“questions”为复数，be动词用were，raise的过去分词为raised。故填were raised。 33．The important note (attach) to the front page of his homework. 【答案】was attached 【详解】句意：重要的便条被附在了他作业的首页。“The important note”和“attach”之间是被动关系，即便条是被附在首页的，所以要用被动语态。句子描述的是一个已经发生的动作，一般过去时的被动语态结构是“was/were+过去分词”。故填was attached。 34．These letters (send) to their parents by the students yesterday afternoon. 【答案】were sent 【详解】句意：这些信件是学生们昨天下午寄给他们的父母的。主语“These letters”与动词send之间是被动关系，且时间状语“yesterday afternoon”表明用一般过去时。因此，这里应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用were，send的过去分词为sent。故填were sent。 35．My old book (throw) away by my brother last week. 【答案】was thrown 【详解】句意：我的旧书上周被我哥哥扔掉了。句子主语“my old book”是动作“throw away”的承受者，且时间“last week”表明是过去的动作，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+过去分词”；主语是单数，be动词用“was”；“throw”的过去分词是“thrown”。故填was thrown。 36．A young boy (force) to steal things. 【答案】was forced 【详解】句意：一个小男孩被迫去偷东西。force意为“强迫”，主语a young boy与force之间是被动关系，因此要用被动语态“be+动词过去分词”；句子描述过去的事情，且主语为单数，be动词用was，force的过去分词为forced。故填was forced。 37．The problem (solve) by the engineer yesterday. 【答案】was solved 【详解】句意：这个问题昨天被工程师解决了。根据“The problem…by the engineer yesterday.”可知，这里需要用合适的动词形式，句中的yesterday“昨天”是一般过去时的标志，且主语The problem与solve是被动关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+过去分词，主语是单数，be动词用was，solve的过去分词是solved，符合语境及语法要求。故填was solved。 38．The old house (turn) into a museum last year. 【答案】was turned 【详解】句意：这座老房子去年被改造成了一座博物馆。根据“last year”以及提示词可知，“turn into”意为“变成”，主语“The old house”与“turn”之间是被动关系；时间状语“last year”表明句子用一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为单数，be动词用was，turn的过去分词是turned。故填was turned。 39．The baby (watch) grow bit by bit by the window cleaner. 【答案】was watched to 【详解】句意：窗户清洁工看着这个婴儿一点点地长大。根据语境可知，此处表示“婴儿”被“窗户清洁工”看着一点点长大，主语“The baby”和谓语动词“watch”之间是动宾关系，且此句描述的是已经发生的事实，时态应用一般过去时，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+done”形式；watch sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事(全过程)”的被动形式为sb. be watched to do sth.“某人被看到做某事(全过程)”，且主语为第三人称单数，因此空处应填was watched to。故填was watched to。 40．A lot of kind people (meet) by Robert during his work. 【答案】were met 【详解】句意：在工作期间，Robert遇到了许多善良的人。根据“during his work”可知，叙述的是过去发生的事情；主语“A lot of kind people”与meet之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为were done。meet的过去分词为met。故填were met。 41．I (remind) of my old friend by this warm story just now. 【答案】was reminded 【详解】句意：刚才，这个温暖的故事让我想起了我的老朋友。根据时间状语“just now”可知，此处表示过去的时间，所以用一般过去时；主语I是remind这个动作的承受者，所以要用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词，主语是I，所以用“was reminded”。故填was reminded。 42．— the watermelon (cut) into small pieces for the worker? —Yes, it was. 【答案】 Was cut 【详解】句意：—— 西瓜被切成小块给工人了吗？——是的，它是。分析句子可知，the watermelon与cut之间是被动关系，结合“Yes, it was.”可知，问句是一般过去时的被动语态疑问句，结构为“Was/Were+主语+动词过去分词+其他？”；主语the watermelon是单数名词，因此be动词用Was，注意句首首字母大写；被动语态中动词需用过去分词，cut的过去分词形式仍为cut。故填Was；cut。 43．Her eyes were (fill) with tears after witnessing the moving scene. 【答案】filled 【详解】句意：目睹了这个感人的场景后，她的眼里充满了泪水。“be filled with”是固定搭配，意为“充满……”，“fill”的过去分词“filled”。故填filled。 44．A c of sheep were (tie) to the trees by their master. 【答案】 crowd/rowd tied 【详解】句意：一群羊被它们的主人拴在树上。根据首字母提示及“A…of sheep”可知，此处表示一群羊，a crowd of“一群”，为固定短语；tie“拴”，动词，由空前的“were”和语境可知，句子是被动语态，动词用过去分词tied。故填crowd；tied。 45．The children’s hospital in our town (found) in 2008 and has helped many sick children. 【答案】was founded 【详解】句意：我们镇上的儿童医院成立于2008年，已经帮助了许多生病的孩子。根据“in 2008”可知，本句是一般过去时；再根据“The children’s hospital”和“found”之间的关系可知，医院是“被建立”，因此此处用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是“was/were+动词的过去分词”；主语“The children’s hospital”是单数，因此be动词用was，found的过去分词是founded。故填was founded。 三、完成句子 46．那个旧工厂被变成了一个很酷的艺术博物馆。 The old factory was a cool art museum. 【答案】 turned into 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“被变成”的表达，固定短语为“be turned into”，为被动语态，符合 “旧工厂被变成艺术博物馆” 的语境。故填turned；into。 47．我被故事书中那个女孩的善良深深打动了。 I by the kindness of the girl in the storybook. 【答案】 was deeply touched/moved 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空白处表示被深深地感动，使用被动语态，根据句意可知，用一般过去时，其构成为“was/were done”，主语“I”为单数，用was；感动“touch/move”，动词，作谓语，其过去分词为touched/moved；深深地“deeply”，副词，修饰谓语touched。故填was；deeply；touched/moved。 48．我被老师的话激励，决定更加努力学习。 I the teacher’s words and decided to work harder. 【答案】 was inspired by 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“被……激励”，句子为被动语态“be+过去分词+by+动作发出者”；“激励”的英文是“inspire”，过去分词为“inspired”；结合后半句“decided”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语为I，因此be动词用was；“被老师的话”用“by the teacher’s words”表达，为动作的发出者。故填was；inspired；by。 49．He saw her enter the room.（改为被动语态）   → She enter the room. 【答案】 was seen to 【详解】句意：他看见她走进了房间。see sb. do sth.是感官动词see的常用结构，改为被动语态时要变成sb. be seen to do sth.；时态是一般过去时，主语“She”是第三人称单数，所以应用be动词was。故填was；seen；to。 50．The strong winds broke many windows. (改为被动语态) Many windows by the strong winds. 【答案】were broken 【详解】句意：强风打碎了许多窗户。原句为主动语态，其中主语是“The strong winds”，谓语动词是“broke”，宾语是“many windows”。改为被动语态时，宾语“many windows”变为被动句的主语，原句的谓语动词“broke”要变为被动形式“be broken”，由于原句时态为一般过去时，主语“many windows”为复数，所以be动词用were。其他部分保持不变。故填were broken。 51．The typhoon destroyed hundreds of houses in the village. (改为被动语态) Hundreds of houses in the village by the typhoon. 【答案】 were destroyed 【详解】句意：台风摧毁了村里数百座房屋。该句为含有实义动词destroyed的陈述句，为主动语态，时态为一般过去时，变被动语态时时态应不变，其结构“was/were done”，且被动语态中主语“houses”为第三人称复数形式，be动词应用were；谓语动词destroyed的过去分词形式为destroyed。故填were；destroyed。 52．His childhood experiences influenced his personality greatly. (改为被动语态) His personality greatly by his childhood experiences. 【答案】 was influenced 【详解】句意：他的童年经历极大地影响了他的性格。原句时态为一般过去时，改为被动语态时，结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语是“His personality”，be动词用was，influence的过去分词为influenced。故填was；influenced。 53．We visited the Stone Forest last summer. (改为被动语态) The Stone Forest by us last summer. 【答案】 was visited 【详解】句意：去年夏天我们参观了石林。原句为一般过去时的主动语态，改为被动语态时，需将宾语“the Stone Forest”变为主语，谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构，时态保持不变。主语为单数，be动词需用过去式was，visit的过去分词为visited。故填was；visited。 54．The teacher told us to write a report about exercise.（改为同义句） We to write a report about exercise by the teacher. 【答案】 were told 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们写一篇关于锻炼的报告。原句是主动语态，同义句要求改为被动语态，结构为“主语+be 动词+动词过去分词+其他”，原句时态为一般过去时，主语为“We”，因此be动词用 were；动词tell的过去分词是told。故填were；told。 55．她解释说钥匙链挂在包上，这样她就不会弄丢它了。 She explained that the key chain her bag so she wouldn’t lose it. 【答案】 was attached to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处表示“挂在”，用动词短语attach to，且主语the key chain与谓语是被动关系，因此用被动语态，结合“explained”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态was attached to。故填was；attached；to。 56．The nurse told him to rest for two days.（改为被动语态） He to rest for two days by the nurse. 【答案】 was told 【详解】句意：护士告诉他休息两天。根据“told”可知，原句使用一般过去时，因此应改为一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，be动词用was，“tell”的过去分词是“told”。故填was；told。 57．The students made a poster about their favourite science fiction story.（改为被动语态） A poster about their favourite science fiction story by the students. 【答案】 was made 【详解】句意：学生们制作了一张关于他们最喜欢的科幻故事的海报。根据题目要求以及空格所在句可知，本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词，句子的主语“A poster”是第三人称单数，所以用be动词was，make的过去分词为made。故填was；made。 58．这些孩子上周应邀登机，来了解飞机是如何飞行的。 Last week, the children board to learn about how the plane flies. 【答案】 were invited to 【详解】“被邀请做某事”用“be invited to do sth”，last week表明时态为一般过去时，主语children是复数，be动词用were。故填were；invited；to。 59．The animated film amazed audiences all over the world. (改为同义句) Audiences all over the world by the animated film. 【答案】 were amazed 【详解】句意：这部动画电影震撼了全世界的观众。改为同义句，应用被动语态。主语为复数，因此be动词需用“were”。谓语动词amaze的过去分词为“amazed”。故填were；amazed。 60．Artists created these lifelike characters by hand. (改为被动语态) These lifelike characters by hand by artists. 【答案】 were created 【详解】句意：艺术家们手工创造了这些栩栩如生的角色。根据“created”可知，时态是一般过去时，改为被动语态需用一般过去时的被动语态结构“was/were done”，主语是复数，助动词用were，动词用过去分词created。故填were；created。 14 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 15 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 重点语法：一般过去时的被动语态精讲精练60题 语法知识精讲 知识模块 具体内容 定义 表示过去某个时间里，主语承受的动作或发生的被动状态 （即动作的承受者作主语） 核心结构 肯定式：主语+was /were+动词过去分词（V-ed）+（by+动作执行者） 注：by 短语表动作执行者，可省略） 否定式 主语+was not（wasn't） /were not（weren't）+动词过去分词+（by+动作执行者） 一般疑问式 Was / Were+主语+动词过去分词+（by+动作执行者）？ （答语：Yes, 主语+was /were./ No, 主语+wasn't /weren't.） 特殊疑问式 疑问词（What / Who / When / Where / How 等）+was /were+主语+动词过去分词+（by+动作执行者）？ be动词选择 was：用于主语是单数（I /he/she /it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词） were：用于主语是复数（we /you/they / 复数名词） 关键词提示 常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday（昨天）、last week（上周）、ago（…… 以前）、in 2022（在 2022 年）、at that time（在那时）、just now（刚才）等 注意事项 1 动词过去分词的构成：规则动词加 - ed（如：cleaned, finished）； 不规则动词需牢记特殊形式（如：done, seen, written） 注意事项 2 主动语态变被动语态时，主动句的宾语变被动句的主语，主动句的主语变被动句的 by 短语（可省略） 注意事项 3 不及物动词（如：happen, occur, appear 等）没有被动语态，因为它们不能承受动作 语法知识精练 一、单项选择 1．The story of Oliver Twist ________ on how poor people lived in London in the 1800s. A．bases B．based C．is based D．was based 2．—I hear that the “Wannian Rice Farming Cultural System” (万年稻作文化系统) __________ as an important agricultural heritage (农业遗产) in 2013. —Yes, that’s true. It shows the wisdom of ancient people. A．choose B．chose C．is chosen D．was chosen 3．It’s reported that over 100 people ________ in the landslide, ________ some babies. A．were killed; including B．killed; including C．were killed; include D．killed; include 4．His nose ________ during the basketball game, because it was ________ by a basketball. A．bleed; hit B．bled; hit C．shock; lay D．harmed; shocked 5．—You are unusually quiet, Jack. What’s the matter? —I ________ by Mum just now. A．am punished B．was punishing C．was punished D．punished 6．—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No, I ________. A．am not invited B．wasn’t invited C．haven’t invited D．didn’t invite 7．—The trees in the photo look so wonderful. Where ________ the photo ________? —In my hometown. It is a place with natural beauty. A．did; take B．was; taken C．does; take D．are; taken 8．There was little time left in the meeting, so Dr Robot ________ to cut down his speech to 20 minutes. A．told B．was told C．was telling D．is told 9．The poor woman ________ that the company couldn’t afford ________ her work in the end. She couldn’t believe her ears. A．told; paying for B．was told; paying C．told; to pay D．was told; to pay for 10．—Why didn’t you come to his birthday party yesterday? —Because I ________. A．didn’t invite B．isn’t invited C．wasn’t invited D．haven’t invited 11．Paper ________ by Cai Lun in the Han Dynasty, and it’s one of the greatest inventions in China. A．invented B．is invented C．was invented D．will be invented 12．The Winter Olympic Games ________ in Beijing in 2022. It was a great success. A．hold B．held C．were held D．are held 13．—It’s reported that some robots ________ to work with traffic policemen in some cities. —That’s amazing! A．have send B．were sending C．will send D．were sent 14．The shared bike system __________ by a young company last year. A．is developed B．was developed C．developed D．develops 15．All the tables ________ with red cloth for the party yesterday. A．cover B．covered C．are covered D．were covered 16．—Can I borrow this book? —Sorry, it ________ to Linda. She will return it next week. A．lends B．is lent C．has lent D．was lent 17．Few students could understand the sentence until it ________ twice or three times. A．explains B．was explained C．will be explained D．has explained 18．—The flowers on both sides make the street beautiful. —Yes. They ________ last week. A．planted B．will plant C．were planted D．will be planted 19．—What did you do last May Day? —I planned to go out but we ________ on the way because of a traffic accident. A．were trapping B．are trapping C．were trapped D．are trapped 20．The famous magician, as well as his assistants, ________ to perform at the China’s Got Talent in 2022. A．were invited B．have been invited C．was invited D．has been invited 21．Potatoes ________ to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it. A．took B．have taken C．will be taken D．were taken 22．All the runners ________ after they finished the marathon (马拉松) race. A．tired out B．were tied to C．were tired out D．are tiring out 23．After the storm, the playground ________ heavy snow, providing a perfect chance for a snowball fight. A．was covered B．was covered with C．was filled D．was filled with 24．It is said that Wuhu Longwan Yangtze River Tunnel (隧道) ________ in July, 2025. A．will use B．is used C．was used D．has used 25．—Did Robert get that job? —No. He ________ because he had no working experience. A．refuses B．refused C．has refused D．was refused 26．The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge ________ in Guizhou Province on January 17, 2025. A．is connecting B．will be connected C．was connected D．has connected 27．—Eric, you ________ to go to the teachers’ office just now. What’s up? —We aren’t allowed to bring phones to school. Um, but I broke the rule. A．told B．tell C．are told D．were told 28．—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A．shows B．has shown C．is shown D．was shown 29．Since the English corner ______ up last month, we have organized six activities. A．has been set B．is set C．was set D．will be set 30．In the beginning, Baduanjin (八段锦) ________  as a way to improve the physical health of soldiers. A．develops B．developed C．is developed D．was developed 二、单词拼写 31．The bike (tie) to the street lamp by the boy last night. 32．Some important questions (raise) at the class meeting yesterday. 33．The important note (attach) to the front page of his homework. 34．These letters (send) to their parents by the students yesterday afternoon. 35．My old book (throw) away by my brother last week. 36．A young boy (force) to steal things. 37．The problem (solve) by the engineer yesterday. 38．The old house (turn) into a museum last year. 39．The baby (watch) grow bit by bit by the window cleaner. 40．A lot of kind people (meet) by Robert during his work. 41．I (remind) of my old friend by this warm story just now. 42．— the watermelon (cut) into small pieces for the worker? —Yes, it was. 43．Her eyes were (fill) with tears after witnessing the moving scene. 44．A c of sheep were (tie) to the trees by their master. 45．The children’s hospital in our town (found) in 2008 and has helped many sick children. 三、完成句子 46．那个旧工厂被变成了一个很酷的艺术博物馆。 The old factory was a cool art museum. 47．我被故事书中那个女孩的善良深深打动了。 I by the kindness of the girl in the storybook. 48．我被老师的话激励，决定更加努力学习。 I the teacher’s words and decided to work harder. 49．He saw her enter the room.（改为被动语态）   → She enter the room. 50．The strong winds broke many windows. (改为被动语态) Many windows by the strong winds. 51．The typhoon destroyed hundreds of houses in the village. (改为被动语态) Hundreds of houses in the village by the typhoon. 52．His childhood experiences influenced his personality greatly. (改为被动语态) His personality greatly by his childhood experiences. 53．We visited the Stone Forest last summer. (改为被动语态) The Stone Forest by us last summer. 54．The teacher told us to write a report about exercise.（改为同义句） We to write a report about exercise by the teacher. 55．她解释说钥匙链挂在包上，这样她就不会弄丢它了。 She explained that the key chain her bag so she wouldn’t lose it. 56．The nurse told him to rest for two days.（改为被动语态） He to rest for two days by the nurse. 57．The students made a poster about their favourite science fiction story.（改为被动语态） A poster about their favourite science fiction story by the students. 58．这些孩子上周应邀登机，来了解飞机是如何飞行的。 Last week, the children board to learn about how the plane flies. 59．The animated film amazed audiences all over the world. (改为同义句) Audiences all over the world by the animated film. 60．Artists created these lifelike characters by hand. (改为被动语态) These lifelike characters by hand by artists. 2 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 5 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $