专题03 阅读理解（培优讲义）（全国通用）2026年中考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

专题03 阅读理解 目 录 目标导图 考点深解 考点1 题型考点梳理 细节理解题 考点2 题型考点梳理 推理判断题 考点3 题型考点梳理 词义猜测题 考点4 题型考点梳理 主旨大意题 考点5 题型考点梳理 最佳标题题 考点6 题型考点梳理 篇章结构题 考点7 记叙文 人物/故事类 考点8 说明文 科普/说明类 考点9 应用文 广告/通知/图表类 考点10 议论文 观点/论述类 命题突破 突破1 记叙文命题突破——情节梳理与寓意提炼 突破2 说明文命题突破——说明对象与细节定位 突破3 应用文命题突破——关键信息快速定位 突破4 议论文命题突破——论点与论证逻辑 重难攻坚 攻坚1 记叙文难点 故事寓意推理（★高频难点） 攻坚2 说明文难点 故长难句与专业术语理解（★高频难点） 攻坚3 应用文难点 多信息定位与同义替换（★易错难点） 攻坚4 议论文难点 中心论点定位（★核心难点） 练测提能——真题实战演练 考点1 题型考点梳理 细节理解题 核心考查点 查找、核对文章具体信息，包括时间、地点、数据、事实、原因等，答案多为原文信息的同义替换或直接对应。 典型提问方式 1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? 2.When/Where/Who/What/How did...? 3.What is the reason for...? 4.How many... are mentioned in the passage? 5.What can we learn about... from the passage? 6.Which detail about... is correct? 解题技巧 1.题干关键词定位：圈划时间、人名、地名、数字、核心名词/动词等，快速锁定原文对应段落。 2.选项比对排除：逐一核对选项与原文细节，排除偷换概念、扩大/缩小范围、无中生有、颠倒因果的选项。 3.注意特殊标识：关注原文中的破折号、括号、冒号等解释性符号，以及first、finally、however等逻辑词后的信息。 易错提醒 •避免凭常识答题，必须依据原文信息判断。 •注意题干中的“NOT”“EXCEPT”等否定词，防止审题失误。 考点2 题型考点梳理 推理判断题 核心考查点 基于原文信息推断隐含意义、作者态度、人物情感、段落目的、文章出处等，答案不能是原文直接表述的内容。 典型提问方式 1.What can we infer from the passage? 2.What does the writer probably think of...? 3.What is the author’s attitude towards...? 4.Where is the passage most likely taken from? 5.What can we learn about... from the story? 6.What will the writer probably write next? 解题技巧 1.立足原文依据：推理需紧扣文章细节和逻辑，不脱离文本进行过度推断。 2.分析逻辑关系：通过因果、转折、对比等逻辑词，推导作者未直接说明的观点或结论。 3.识别态度倾向：关注作者使用的形容词、副词、感叹句等，判断其积极、消极或中立态度。 易错提醒 •排除“原文原句”选项，推理题答案需经过合理推导。 •避免主观臆断，不将个人观点代入题目判断。 考点3 题型考点梳理 词义猜测题 核心考查点 推测生词、短语或代词（it/they/this等）的含义，重点考查语境理解能力。 典型提问方式 1.What does the underlined word “...” probably mean in Chinese? 2.What does the word “...” refer to in Paragraph...? 3.The underlined phrase “...” can be replaced by ________. 4.What is the meaning of the underlined word “...” according to the context? 解题技巧： 1.同义/反义关系：利用文中并列、转折连词（and、but、however等），找出生词的近义词或反义词。 2.举例说明：关注for example、such as、like等后的内容，通过举例推测词义。 3.逻辑解释：借助破折号、括号、that is等后的解释性语句理解含义。 4.指代还原：代词指代需就近查找前文出现的名词（人/物/事），代入语境验证是否通顺。 易错提醒 •不依赖词典释义，必须结合上下文语境判断。 •注意多义词，需根据词性和语境确定具体含义。 考点4 题型考点梳理 主旨大意题 核心考查点 概括段落或全文的核心思想、主要内容，需涵盖文章中心，不局限于局部细节。 典型提问方式 1.What is the main idea of the passage? 2.What does the passage mainly talk about? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.What is the main topic of the passage? 5.The passage mainly tells us that ________. 解题技巧 1.首尾段定位：多数文章的主旨集中在首段（总起）或尾段（总结）。 2.高频词提炼：关注文中反复出现的核心名词/短语，往往是主旨关键词。 3.段落大意整合：各段首句/尾句串联，归纳共同主题。 易错提醒 •排除“细节干扰项”，此类选项仅涉及文章某一部分内容，不能概括全文。 •避免选择过于宽泛的选项，需精准对应文章核心话题。 考点5 题型考点梳理 最佳标题题 核心考查点 提炼文章核心话题，选择简洁、贴切、有概括性的标题，既要涵盖主旨，又要吸引读者。 典型提问方式 1.What is the best title for the passage? 2.Which of the following can be the title of the passage? 3.What’s the most suitable title for the text? 解题技巧 1.主旨对应：标题需准确反映文章核心内容，与主旨大意一致。 2.简洁醒目：避免过长或过于抽象的表述，优先选择简洁、形象的标题。 3.排除绝对化：标题中出现only、all、never等绝对词时需谨慎判断。 易错提醒 •不选“以偏概全”的标题，需覆盖文章主要讨论对象或事件。 •避免选择与文章无关的“噱头式”标题，确保标题的真实性和概括性。 考点6 题型考点梳理 篇章结构题 核心考查点 分析文章段落关系、写作思路（如总-分-总、总-分、并列、对比等），判断段落作用或文章结构图示。 典型提问方式 1.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? 2.How is the passage organized? 3.What is the function of Paragraph...? 4.In which paragraph can we find...? 解题技巧 1.识别段落功能：首段多为引入话题，中间段多为分述（举例、说明、论证），尾段多为总结升华。 2.关注过渡词：however、besides、firstly、in addition等词提示段落间逻辑关系（转折、递进、并列等）。 3.梳理逻辑脉络：按“话题引入-分点阐述-总结收尾”的思路，划分文章结构层次。 易错提醒 •勿混淆“段落顺序”与“逻辑顺序”，重点关注内容间的内在联系而非单纯的段落先后。 •注意“例证段”“转折段”的作用，避免误判其核心功能。 考点7 记叙文 人物/故事类 核心特征 以记人、叙事为核心，包含时间、地点、人物、事件（起因、经过、结果）五要素，常带有情感色彩或人生感悟。 常考题型 •细节理解题（考查事件时间、人物关系、情节发展等） •推理判断题（考查人物情感、故事寓意、作者态度等） •最佳标题题（考查对故事核心内容的概括） •词义猜测题（考查语境中人物对话或描述性词汇的含义） 解题关键 1.梳理叙事脉络：快速锁定时间线、人物关系和情节发展顺序。 2.捕捉情感线索：关注文中表达情感的形容词、副词及人物动作、语言描写，把握人物性格和故事主旨。 3.提炼核心寓意：故事类记叙文常通过情节传递道理，重点关注结尾段的感悟性语句。 考点8 说明文 科普/说明类 核心特征 以解释说明为目的，介绍事物的性质、特征、原理、用途、发展历程等，语言客观、严谨，逻辑清晰。 常考题型 •细节理解题（考查说明对象的特征、数据、原理等） •主旨大意题（考查说明对象及核心内容） •词义猜测题（考查专业术语或解释性词汇的含义） •篇章结构题（考查说明顺序或段落逻辑关系） 解题关键 1.定位说明对象：首段或段首句常明确说明对象，后续段落围绕其特征展开。 2.理清说明逻辑：关注firstly、besides、however、for example等逻辑词，把握并列、递进、转折、举例等关系。 3.抓取关键信息：数字、百分比、科学原理等细节是解题核心，需精准定位核对。 考点9 应用文 广告/通知/图表类 核心特征 实用性强，包括广告、通知、时刻表、书信、图表等，格式规范，信息简洁明了，多含具体数据或要求。 常考题型 •细节理解题（考查时间、地点、价格、要求、数据等） •推理判断题（考查文章出处、写作目的等） •词义猜测题（考查图表术语或应用文中的特定表达） 解题关键 1.快速定位题干关键词：根据时间、地点、人名、核心名词等快速查找对应信息区域。 2.关注格式特征：广告常含“Price”“Address”“How to apply”等模块；通知含“Time”“Place”“Notice”等要点；图表需关注表头、数据标签等。 3.注意同义替换：应用文中的细节题常以同义转换的形式考查，需灵活对应原文信息。 考点10 议论文 观点/论述类 核心特征 以表达观点、论证道理为核心，包含论点、论据、论证三要素，语言逻辑性强，常含转折、因果、对比等逻辑关系。 常考题型 •主旨大意题（考查中心论点） •推理判断题（考查作者态度、论证目的等） •细节理解题（考查论据细节） •篇章结构题（考查论证结构） 解题关键 1.找准中心论点：多位于首段首尾句或尾段总结句，少数在中间段落转折后。 2.分析论据类型：区分事实论据（例子、数据）和道理论据，理解其支撑的论点。 3.把握论证逻辑：通过however、therefore、for example、on the other hand等逻辑词，理清论点与论据的关系。 1.（2025•西藏自治区中考英语真题•节选）：Over the past years, many cartoon shows about Ne Zha have been made in China, including an award-winning 1979 cartoon film that was drawn by hand. In 2019, Ne Zha 1 was put on the screen. Six years later, Ne Zha 2 opened in China on January 29th. •Question: When was Ne Zha 2 put on the screen? A．In 2025 B．In 2019 C．In 1985 D．In 1979 2.（2025•江苏省盐城市中考英语真题•节选）：“My flower is ephemeral,” the little prince said to himself, “and I have left her on my planet, all alone!” That was his first moment of regret. The flower is the most beautiful thing on my planet! •Question: What can we learn from the text? A．One flower doesn’t bring spring. B．A good book is a light to the mind. C．We should protect our home planet—Earth. D．You can find beauty even if it doesn’t last long. 3.（2025•黑龙江省大庆市中考英语真题•节选）：Every year, all the schools in China carry out fire drills (消防演练). The purpose is to make students pay more attention to fire safety. Fire drill is a common practice of what people must do in order to escape safely from a fire in a building. •Question: What does the underlined word “escape” mean in Paragraph 1? A．逃出B．忽略C．泄露D．消遣 4.（2025•宁夏中考英语真题•节选）：Scientists have developed a system (系统) to help boost red squirrel numbers. And it uses artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a computer that has learned from experience and can do things that usually need human intelligence... It’s also about learning to protect wildlife with technology. •Question: What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how technology helps save animals in danger. B．To compare the living habits of red and grey squirrels. C．To describe how AI helps scientists study squirrel whiskers. D．To explain why grey squirrels are dangerous for red squirrels. 5.（2025•山东省威海市中考英语真题•节选）：Many of China’s dishes come with stories. They are part of China’s long and fascinating history. Let’s learn about the interesting origins (起源) of some famous dishes. (后文介绍饺子和定胜糕的起源及文化意义) •Question: What do you think is the best title of the passage? A．Stories behind Chinese tastes B．Stories behind Chinese customs C．Stories behind Chinese festivals 6.（2025•吉林省长春市中考英语真题•节选）：①You may wonder how you can find beauty in the place you’ve known so well... ②Imagining yourself as a guide is a good way... ③To find changes in your city, you can look up some information online... ④Going somewhere in person and watching, you will get something unexpected... ⑤Exploring your city in a different light, you can know more about its history... •Question: Which is the right structure of the passage? A．①→②③④→⑤ B．①②→③→④⑤ C．①→②→③④→⑤ D．①②③→④→⑤ 7.（2025•四川省乐山市中考英语真题•节选）：In a small village, there were two brothers named Jamie and Jack. They lived next door to each other on their farms for 20 years. Every day, they worked together and happily helped one another. One day, the two brothers had a fight over a small misunderstanding (误解), which quickly turned into a bigger problem. They stopped working together and began using malicious words towards each other. After that, neither spoke to the other again. After a week, someone knocked on Jamie’s door. When he opened it, he found a man with a carpenter’s (木匠的) toolbox. The man said, “I’m looking for some work. Do you have any small jobs I can help with?” Jamie thought for a moment and replied, “Yes, I have a job for you.” He pointed to a wide ditch (沟渠) outside his farm and said, “My brother and I used to work together, but last week, he dug this ditch to separate our farms. I want you to build a tall fence (围栏) there, so I don’t have to see my brother anymore.” The carpenter agreed. Jamie then left for the town to do some shopping. When he came back, instead of the fence he had asked the carpenter to build, he was surprised to see a beautiful bridge across the ditch. Just as he was about to ask the carpenter what had happened, Jack walked across the bridge with tears (眼泪) in his eyes. “I’m so sorry, Jamie. After everything I’ve said, you still built this bridge to fix things between us,” Jack said. “You’re the best brother ever.” He then gave Jamie a warm hug. At that moment, the two brothers realized just how important they were to each other. The bridge was not just a way to cross the ditch—it was a symbol for them to rebuild relationship and understanding. •Question: What is the best title for the text? A．More Ditches, More Fences B．Building Bridges, Not Fences C．Best Brothers Hurt Each Other 8.（2025•山东省菏泽市中考英语真题•节选）：The Caihong-YH1000, one of China’s latest cargo drones (货运无人机), has completed its maiden test flight successfully on May 22, 2025. The test has got good flight data (飞行数据) and achieved its goals. Developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the drone has a flight range of 1,500 kilometers and a maximum operational altitude of 8,000 meters. It can fly for up to 10 hours and carry a payload of 1,200 kilograms. •Question: What is the goal of testing the Caihong-YH1000? A．To reduce travel time. B．To finish the marathon. C．To get good flight data. 9.（2025•江苏省宿迁市中考英语真题•节选）： Train Number Route Departure time Arrival time Platform G8298 Suqian→Xuzhou East 15:30 16:04 1 •Question: How long does it take from Suqian to Xuzhou East by G8298 train? A．206 minutes. B．147 minutes. C．97 minutes. D．34 minutes. 10.（2025•宁夏中考英语真题•节选）：Scientists have developed a system to help boost red squirrel numbers. And it uses artificial intelligence (AI)... “This isn’t just about squirrels,” Dr. Smith said. “It’s also about learning to protect wildlife with technology.” •Question: What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how technology helps save animals in danger. B．To compare the living habits of red and gray squirrels. C．To describe how AI helps scientists study squirrel whiskers. 考点突破 1 记叙文命题突破——情节梳理与寓意提炼 突破点：结合时间线与情感线，精准把握故事核心 记叙文高频考查“情节顺序”“人物情感”“故事寓意”，解题需串联时间节点、人物行为与情感变化，从结尾感悟句提炼核心道理。 典例1（2025•江苏省盐城市中考英语真题•节选）： At the age of 13, Degbo watched Chinese martial arts movies in Benin’s capital. He loved how these actors fought with beauty and power. That’s when his love of kung fu began. Degbo joined a private kung fu club and later learnt Chinese at a culture centre. In 2010, he started his own club, Super Shaolin of Benin. In 2014, he got a chance to train at China’s Shaolin Temple. Question: What is the correct order of the events about Degbo? ① He set up Super Shaolin of Benin. ② He has over 350 students in his club. ③ He received training at Shaolin Temple. ④ He saw Chinese martial arts films in his teens. A．②③①④ B．②③④① C．④①③② D．④①②③ 变式1（2025•四川省乐山市中考英语真题•节选）： The bear walked slowly away from her and looked back again and again. Then he disappeared. When darkness fell, the old woman still stood there. Once more, she was alone. A long time passed. The winter came again. One day, the old woman stood at the same place for a long time. The wind blew snow around her face. Suddenly, the white bear appeared and ran to her. Question: What can we infer from the underlined sentence? A．The bear didn’t get well and was still ill. B．The bear was too fat to walk further. C．The bear didn’t want to leave the old woman. D．The bear said goodbye to village children. 变式练2（2025•山东省枣庄市中考英语真题•节选）： From an early age, I began to like Chinese culture a lot. When there was a chance to study in Beijing as an exchange student, I took it at once. In my first 24 hours in Beijing, I felt very nervous... By the end of the first month, we could all make simple sentences... The first month was very tiring... My six-month stay in China made me excited. Question: Which shows the writer’s feeling change? A．nervous→happy→tired→excited B．happy→nervous→bored→excited C．tired→excited→nervous→happy D．bored→happy→nervous→excited 考点突破 2 说明文命题突破——说明对象与细节定位 突破点：锁定说明对象特征，精准提取数据与原理 说明文高频考查“说明对象特征”“数据核对”“专业术语理解”，解题需先明确说明核心，再通过关键词定位细节信息。 典题2（2025•年宁夏中考英语真题•节选）： Scientists have developed a system (系统) to help boost red squirrel numbers. And it uses artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a computer that has learned from experience and can do things that usually need human intelligence. With the help of AI, the number of red squirrels might rise soon. •Question: What does the underlined word “boost” mean? A．Study. B．Count. C．Control. D．Increase. 变式练1（2025•山东省菏泽市中考英语真题•节选）： The Caihong-YH1000... has a flight range of 1,500 kilometers and a maximum operational altitude of 8,000 meters. It can fly for up to 10 hours and carry a payload of 1,200 kilograms. •Question: What can we know about the Caihong-YH1000? A．It can fly 10 hours at most. B．Its flight range is 8,000 meters. C．It can carry 1,500 kilograms. D．It operates at 1,200 meters altitude. 变式练2（2025•黑龙江省大庆市中考英语真题•节选）： China has made some changes in its food labels... The government requires food labels should be made easier and clearer to read. Information, such as sugar, salt and unhealthy fats... should be clearly included... common allergens (过敏原) should be included too. •Question: What change is made to food labels? A．They must show the production date. B．They need to be easier to read. C．They should list all ingredients. D．They must be printed in Chinese. 考点突破 3 应用文命题突破——关键信息快速定位 突破点：抓核心模块（时间/地点/要求），跳过冗余信息 应用文高频考查“时间、地点、价格、要求”，解题需直接定位题干关键词（如时间、活动名称），忽略无关描述。 典题3（2025•四川省乐山市中考英语真题•节选）： Meeting time: At 4:00 p.m., every Wednesday. Open to: All students aged 6—12. Things to bring: Pens and notebooks. Click here to learn more: [www.summerdaycamp.gov](www.summerdaycamp.gov) •Question: Where is the text probably taken from? A．On a website. B．In a novel. C．In a diary. 变式练1（2025•江苏省宿迁市中考英语真题•节选）： Train Number Route Departure time Arrival time G2611 Suqian→Shanghai Hongqiao 12:05 15:31 G2223 Suqian→Yangzhou 12:32 14:09 •Question: Which train takes the longest time? A．G2611 B．G2223 C．G8298 D．G2571 变式练2（2025•四川省德阳市中考英语真题•节选）： Notice: 1. Wear summer school uniform. 2. Bring lunch box or money. 3. Bring water and hat. 4. No mobile phones. •Question: What can students NOT bring? A．Lunch boxes. B．Mobile phones. C．Hats. D．Water bottles. 考点突破 4 议论文命题突破——论点与论证逻辑 突破点：找准中心论点，分析论据与论点的关系 议论文高频考查“中心论点”“作者态度”“论证目的”，解题需先定位论点（首段/尾段），再判断论据的支撑作用。 典题（2025•四川省眉山市中考英语真题•节选）： “Grow Stream is more than just a technology,” said Jan Gould... “It ‘says’ two things: The earth’s natural resources are not so much, and we should take better care of the planet through new technology.” •Question: What does Jan Gould mean? A．The earth is heavily polluted. B．New technology saves natural resources. C．We need more natural resources. D．People can talk with GrowStream. 变式练1（2025•宁夏中考英语真题•节选）： “This isn’t just about squirrels,” Dr. Smith said. “It’s also about learning to protect wildlife with technology.” •Question: What is the author’s attitude towards AI in wildlife protection? A．Doubtful B．Supportive C．Neutral D．Critical 变式练2（2025•山东省威海市中考英语真题•节选）： Many of China’s dishes come with stories... Let’s learn about the interesting origins of some famous dishes. (后文介绍饺子和定胜糕的起源) •Question: What is the writer’s purpose? A．To introduce famous Chinese dishes. B．To tell stories behind Chinese dishes. C．To encourage people to cook Chinese food. D．To compare Chinese and foreign dishes. 考点难点 1记叙文难点 故事寓意推理（★高频难点） 难点解析 记叙文的寓意常隐含在情节中，需结合人物行为、情感变化及结尾感悟句，避免停留在表面情节，过度依赖个人经验推断。 解题技巧 1.定位“感悟句”：重点关注结尾段中人物的总结性语言或作者的评论句。 2.关联情节与寓意：找到情节核心冲突（如矛盾、成长、选择），分析其传递的道理。 3.排除“细节干扰项”：寓意题答案需具有普遍性，不局限于故事中的具体人物或事件。 典题1（2025•江苏省盐城市中考英语真题•节选）： “My flower is ephemeral,” the little prince said to himself, “and I have left her on my planet, all alone!” That was his first moment of regret. The flower is the most beautiful thing on my planet! •Question: What can we learn from the text? A．One flower doesn’t bring spring. B．A good book is a light to the mind. C．We should protect our home planet—Earth. D．You can find beauty even if it doesn’t last long. 变式练（2025•山东省威海市中考英语真题•节选）： The bridge was not just a way to cross the ditch—it was a symbol for them to rebuild relationship and understanding. •Question: What does the bridge symbolize? A．The end of a fight. B．The importance of farms. C．Reconciliation and understanding. D．The difficulty of fixing relationships. 考点难点 2说明文难点 长难句与专业术语理解（★高频难点） 难点解析 说明文常含长难句（如非谓语、定语从句）和专业术语，易导致信息提取偏差，尤其在科普类说明文中更为突出。 解题技巧 1.长难句拆解：先找主句主干（主谓宾/主系表），再分析定语、状语等修饰成分。 2.专业术语处理：通过上下文解释（破折号、that is）、举例或同义替换理解含义。 3.数据精准对应：注意数字、单位、百分比的搭配关系，避免混淆说明对象与数据。 典题2（2025•山东省菏泽市中考英语真题•节选）： 原文节选：Developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the drone has a flight range of 1,500 kilometers and a maximum operational altitude of 8,000 meters. •Question: What is the flight range of the drone? A．8,000 meters B．1,500 kilometers C．10 hours D．1,200 kilograms 变式练2025•黑龙江省大庆市中考英语真题•节选）： 原文节选：Food waste goes bad quickly and causes more methane than any other type of waste, which has a greater long-term global warming effect than CO2. •Question: What can we know about methane? A．It comes only from food waste. B．It is less harmful than CO2. C．It contributes to global warming. D．It takes long to break down. 考点难点 3应用文难点 多信息定位与同义替换（★易错难点） 难点解析 应用文信息密集（如时刻表、通知），题干常以同义替换形式考查，易因关键词定位不准或忽略限制条件出错。 解题技巧 1.多关键词定位：题干含多个限制条件（如时间+地点+事件）时，需逐一核对原文。 2.同义替换对应：关注“arrive=reach”“require=need”“available=possible”等常见替换。 3.排除陷阱选项：注意绝对词（only、all）、时间/地点混淆、数据篡改等干扰项。 典题3（2025•四川省乐山市中考英语真题•节选）： Meeting time: At 4:00 p.m., every Wednesday. Open to: All students aged 6—12. Things to bring: Pens and notebooks. •Question: Which student can join the camp? A．A 5-year-old kid with a notebook. B．A 10-year-old pupil with pens. C．A 15-year-old teen with a pen. D．A 3-year-old baby with a notebook. 变式练（2025•江苏省宿迁市中考英语真题•节选）： Train Number Route Departure time Arrival time Platform G2611 Suqian→Shanghai Hongqiao 12:05 15:31 2 G2223 Suqian→Yangzhou 12:32 14:09 1 •Question: If you want to go to Shanghai Hongqiao and take Platform 2, which train should you choose? A．G2611 B．G2223 C．G8298 D．G2571 考点难点 4议论文难点 中心论点定位（★核心难点） 难点解析 议论文论点可能隐含在转折后、举例后或结尾总结，易混淆论点与论据，误将细节作为主旨。 解题技巧 1.论点定位信号： •首段：转折词（however、but）后常为论点； •中间段：“The point is...”“In fact...”等引出论点； •尾段：“In short...”“Therefore...”等总结论点。 2.论据排除法：举例、数据、引用等内容均为论据，不能作为中心论点。 3.主旨概括法：论点需涵盖全文核心，不片面、不宽泛。 典题4（2025•宁夏中考英语真题•节选）： Scientists have developed a system to help boost red squirrel numbers. And it uses artificial intelligence (AI)... “This isn’t just about squirrels,” Dr. Smith said. “It’s also about learning to protect wildlife with technology.” •Question: What is the main idea of the passage? A．AI helps protect red squirrels. B．Red squirrels are in danger. C．Technology can protect wildlife. D．Grey squirrels are harmful. 变式练（2025•四川省眉山市中考英语真题•节选）： 原文节选：“GrowStream is more than just a technology,” said Jan Gould... “It ‘says’ two things: The earth’s natural resources are not so much, and we should take better care of the planet through new technology.” •Question: What is the author’s main point? A．GrowStream is a useful technology. B．Natural resources are limited. C．New technology helps protect the planet. D．People should save natural resources. 阅读理解 1.（2025•山东省枣庄市中考英语真题）From an early age, I began to like Chinese culture a lot. When there was a chance to study in Beijing as an exchange student, I took it at once. In my first 24 hours in Beijing, I felt very nervous. I didn’t see one foreigner. But on my first day of school, I was greeted by many foreign faces. The students came from all over the world. I would be in a class with Chelsea from Norway and Charlie from my motherland — the UK. None of us had studied Chinese before, but our language skills improved quickly. By the end of the first month, we could all make simple sentences. Some of these sentences, though, were quite funny. We often sent our language teacher Sophie into wild laughter. We had a happy time together. The first month was very tiring. There were so many new things to learn. Thankfully, our school organized many events for students. We talked a lot about cultural differences and our future plans. It was a great chance for us to practice speaking Chinese. In October, my Chinese friend Zhen Hua showed me around the city. He took me to some of his favorite restaurants. Chinese table manners were very different from those in the West. Eating Chinese food was like an adventure, and it became my favorite part about living in Beijing. My six-month stay in China made me excited. I want to visit China again to look for more adventures. （ ）1.Why did the writer go to Beijing? A．To visit friends. B．To study as an exchange student. C．To learn cooking. D．To travel around. （ ）2.How did the writer feel in her first 24 hours in Beijing? A．Nervous B．Happy C．Tired D．Excited （ ）3.What did the writer think of eating Chinese food? A．Boring B．Difficult C．Adventurous D．Expensive （ ）4.What can we infer about the writer? A．She hated Chinese culture at first. B．She made friends with Chinese and foreign students. C．She didn’t improve her Chinese. D．She stayed in China for a year. 2.（2025•山东省菏泽市中考英语真题）Scientists in Australia have used Artificial Intelligence (AI) to help them locate (定位) an endangered bird called the Plains-wanderer. This new information will help scientists protect the rare (稀有的) birds. The Plains-wanderer is a small bird that lives in Australia’s grasslands. They play an important role in controlling insects and spreading seeds, which helps create healthier habitats (栖息地) for other native wildlife in Australia. The birds were once common in eastern Australia. But that’s changed, as grasslands have been turned into farms and cities. Zoos Victoria, the group behind the recent effort to locate Plains-wanderers, says the birds’ numbers have fallen by over 85% in recent decades. Scientists believe there are now only 250 to 1,000 of the birds left in the wild. To protect these rare birds, Zoos Victoria first had to learn where they were. Female Plains-wanderers make an unusual “Ooom” call, and this was the key to locating them. The researchers set up 35 special recording devices (装置) called "song meters" in nine different grassy areas... （ ）1.Where do Plains-wanderers live? A．In Australia's grasslands. B．In zoos. C．In cities. （ ）2.Why are the birds endangered? A．They can’t control insects. B．Their habitats are destroyed. C．They don’t spread seeds. （ ）3.What is the key to locating the birds? A．Their size. B．Their call. C．Their living areas. （ ）4.What does the underlined word “rare” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Common B．Beautiful C．Uncommon 3.（2025•江苏省宿迁市中考英语真题） Dear students, Get ready for a wonderful school trip! We will visit Zhongjiang Noodle Village this Saturday. It’s going to be a day full of joy! Schedule: 8:30 Arrive at your classroom. 8:30—9:00 Meet at the school gate to get on school buses. 9:00—10:00 Travel to Zhongjiang Noodle Village. 10:00—11:00 Enjoy a train ride and take photos. 11:00—13:00 Have a picnic and play games on the square. 13:00—16:00 Learn to make noodles from the villagers. 16:00—16:30 Taste the hand-made noodles. 16:30—17:30 Go back to school. Notice: 1.Wear your summer school uniform and comfortable shoes. 2.Bring your lunch box or money to buy food. 3.Bring water, a hat and any medicine you need. 4.Mobile phones are not allowed. Bring your own camera to take photos. （ ）1.When will students meet at the school gate to get on school buses? A．8:00—8:30 B．8:30—9:00 C．9:00—10:00 （ ）2.What can students NOT bring? A．Lunch boxes B．Mobile phones C．Cameras （ ）3.How long will the noodle-making activity last? A．2 hours B．3 hours C．4 hours （ ）4.What is the purpose of the notice? A．To invite students to a village. B．To introduce a school trip plan. C．To ask students to learn to make noodles. 4.（2025•四川省眉山市中考英语真题）“GrowStream is more than just a technology,” said Jan Gould, CEO of RDI. “We want it to ‘talk’ to people, too. It ‘says’ two things: The earth’s natural resources (资源) are not so much, and we should take better care of the planet through new technology.” GrowStream is a watering system. Its tubes (管子) have special tiny holes in them. When plants need water, they will release (释放) chemicals (化学物质) through their roots. When the holes detect (察觉) these chemicals, they will open. The plants then get water from these holes. As the plants “drink” enough water, they stop releasing these chemicals. And that “tells” the holes to close back up and stop watering. This system can help save 45 to 50 percent more water than common watering systems. It was created by a company called RDI. The company has brought the GrowStream system to many farms in South Africa. It is also testing the system in the US. It will be used to make the city greener while saving more water. （ ）1.What is the main advantage of GrowStream? A．Saving water B．Being cheap C．Being easy to install （ ）2.How does GrowStream work? A．It waters plants all the time. B．It detects plants’ chemicals to control watering. C．It needs farmers to control manually. （ ）3.What does Jan Gould want to tell people? A．Natural resources are unlimited. B．New technology can protect the planet. C．GrowStream is the best watering system. （ ）4.What is the author’s attitude towards GrowStream? A．DoubtfulB．SupportiveC．Critical 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 目 录 目标导图 考点深解 考点1 题型考点梳理 细节理解题 考点2 题型考点梳理 推理判断题 考点3 题型考点梳理 词义猜测题 考点4 题型考点梳理 主旨大意题 考点5 题型考点梳理 最佳标题题 考点6 题型考点梳理 篇章结构题 考点7 记叙文 人物/故事类 考点8 说明文 科普/说明类 考点9 应用文 广告/通知/图表类 考点10 议论文 观点/论述类 命题突破 突破1 记叙文命题突破——情节梳理与寓意提炼 突破2 说明文命题突破——说明对象与细节定位 突破3 应用文命题突破——关键信息快速定位 突破4 议论文命题突破——论点与论证逻辑 重难攻坚 攻坚1 记叙文难点 故事寓意推理（★高频难点） 攻坚2 说明文难点 故长难句与专业术语理解（★高频难点） 攻坚3 应用文难点 多信息定位与同义替换（★易错难点） 攻坚4 议论文难点 中心论点定位（★核心难点） 练测提能——真题实战演练 考点1 题型考点梳理 细节理解题 核心考查点 查找、核对文章具体信息，包括时间、地点、数据、事实、原因等，答案多为原文信息的同义替换或直接对应。 典型提问方式 1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? 2.When/Where/Who/What/How did...? 3.What is the reason for...? 4.How many... are mentioned in the passage? 5.What can we learn about... from the passage? 6.Which detail about... is correct? 解题技巧 1.题干关键词定位：圈划时间、人名、地名、数字、核心名词/动词等，快速锁定原文对应段落。 2.选项比对排除：逐一核对选项与原文细节，排除偷换概念、扩大/缩小范围、无中生有、颠倒因果的选项。 3.注意特殊标识：关注原文中的破折号、括号、冒号等解释性符号，以及first、finally、however等逻辑词后的信息。 易错提醒 •避免凭常识答题，必须依据原文信息判断。 •注意题干中的“NOT”“EXCEPT”等否定词，防止审题失误。 考点2 题型考点梳理 推理判断题 核心考查点 基于原文信息推断隐含意义、作者态度、人物情感、段落目的、文章出处等，答案不能是原文直接表述的内容。 典型提问方式 1.What can we infer from the passage? 2.What does the writer probably think of...? 3.What is the author’s attitude towards...? 4.Where is the passage most likely taken from? 5.What can we learn about... from the story? 6.What will the writer probably write next? 解题技巧 1.立足原文依据：推理需紧扣文章细节和逻辑，不脱离文本进行过度推断。 2.分析逻辑关系：通过因果、转折、对比等逻辑词，推导作者未直接说明的观点或结论。 3.识别态度倾向：关注作者使用的形容词、副词、感叹句等，判断其积极、消极或中立态度。 易错提醒 •排除“原文原句”选项，推理题答案需经过合理推导。 •避免主观臆断，不将个人观点代入题目判断。 考点3 题型考点梳理 词义猜测题 核心考查点 推测生词、短语或代词（it/they/this等）的含义，重点考查语境理解能力。 典型提问方式 1.What does the underlined word “...” probably mean in Chinese? 2.What does the word “...” refer to in Paragraph...? 3.The underlined phrase “...” can be replaced by ________. 4.What is the meaning of the underlined word “...” according to the context? 解题技巧： 1.同义/反义关系：利用文中并列、转折连词（and、but、however等），找出生词的近义词或反义词。 2.举例说明：关注for example、such as、like等后的内容，通过举例推测词义。 3.逻辑解释：借助破折号、括号、that is等后的解释性语句理解含义。 4.指代还原：代词指代需就近查找前文出现的名词（人/物/事），代入语境验证是否通顺。 易错提醒 •不依赖词典释义，必须结合上下文语境判断。 •注意多义词，需根据词性和语境确定具体含义。 考点4 题型考点梳理 主旨大意题 核心考查点 概括段落或全文的核心思想、主要内容，需涵盖文章中心，不局限于局部细节。 典型提问方式 1.What is the main idea of the passage? 2.What does the passage mainly talk about? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.What is the main topic of the passage? 5.The passage mainly tells us that ________. 解题技巧 1.首尾段定位：多数文章的主旨集中在首段（总起）或尾段（总结）。 2.高频词提炼：关注文中反复出现的核心名词/短语，往往是主旨关键词。 3.段落大意整合：各段首句/尾句串联，归纳共同主题。 易错提醒 •排除“细节干扰项”，此类选项仅涉及文章某一部分内容，不能概括全文。 •避免选择过于宽泛的选项，需精准对应文章核心话题。 考点5 题型考点梳理 最佳标题题 核心考查点 提炼文章核心话题，选择简洁、贴切、有概括性的标题，既要涵盖主旨，又要吸引读者。 典型提问方式 1.What is the best title for the passage? 2.Which of the following can be the title of the passage? 3.What’s the most suitable title for the text? 解题技巧 1.主旨对应：标题需准确反映文章核心内容，与主旨大意一致。 2.简洁醒目：避免过长或过于抽象的表述，优先选择简洁、形象的标题。 3.排除绝对化：标题中出现only、all、never等绝对词时需谨慎判断。 易错提醒 •不选“以偏概全”的标题，需覆盖文章主要讨论对象或事件。 •避免选择与文章无关的“噱头式”标题，确保标题的真实性和概括性。 考点6 题型考点梳理 篇章结构题 核心考查点 分析文章段落关系、写作思路（如总-分-总、总-分、并列、对比等），判断段落作用或文章结构图示。 典型提问方式 1.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? 2.How is the passage organized? 3.What is the function of Paragraph...? 4.In which paragraph can we find...? 解题技巧 1.识别段落功能：首段多为引入话题，中间段多为分述（举例、说明、论证），尾段多为总结升华。 2.关注过渡词：however、besides、firstly、in addition等词提示段落间逻辑关系（转折、递进、并列等）。 3.梳理逻辑脉络：按“话题引入-分点阐述-总结收尾”的思路，划分文章结构层次。 易错提醒 •勿混淆“段落顺序”与“逻辑顺序”，重点关注内容间的内在联系而非单纯的段落先后。 •注意“例证段”“转折段”的作用，避免误判其核心功能。 考点7 记叙文 人物/故事类 核心特征 以记人、叙事为核心，包含时间、地点、人物、事件（起因、经过、结果）五要素，常带有情感色彩或人生感悟。 常考题型 •细节理解题（考查事件时间、人物关系、情节发展等） •推理判断题（考查人物情感、故事寓意、作者态度等） •最佳标题题（考查对故事核心内容的概括） •词义猜测题（考查语境中人物对话或描述性词汇的含义） 解题关键 1.梳理叙事脉络：快速锁定时间线、人物关系和情节发展顺序。 2.捕捉情感线索：关注文中表达情感的形容词、副词及人物动作、语言描写，把握人物性格和故事主旨。 3.提炼核心寓意：故事类记叙文常通过情节传递道理，重点关注结尾段的感悟性语句。 考点8 说明文 科普/说明类 核心特征 以解释说明为目的，介绍事物的性质、特征、原理、用途、发展历程等，语言客观、严谨，逻辑清晰。 常考题型 •细节理解题（考查说明对象的特征、数据、原理等） •主旨大意题（考查说明对象及核心内容） •词义猜测题（考查专业术语或解释性词汇的含义） •篇章结构题（考查说明顺序或段落逻辑关系） 解题关键 1.定位说明对象：首段或段首句常明确说明对象，后续段落围绕其特征展开。 2.理清说明逻辑：关注firstly、besides、however、for example等逻辑词，把握并列、递进、转折、举例等关系。 3.抓取关键信息：数字、百分比、科学原理等细节是解题核心，需精准定位核对。 考点9 应用文 广告/通知/图表类 核心特征 实用性强，包括广告、通知、时刻表、书信、图表等，格式规范，信息简洁明了，多含具体数据或要求。 常考题型 •细节理解题（考查时间、地点、价格、要求、数据等） •推理判断题（考查文章出处、写作目的等） •词义猜测题（考查图表术语或应用文中的特定表达） 解题关键 1.快速定位题干关键词：根据时间、地点、人名、核心名词等快速查找对应信息区域。 2.关注格式特征：广告常含“Price”“Address”“How to apply”等模块；通知含“Time”“Place”“Notice”等要点；图表需关注表头、数据标签等。 3.注意同义替换：应用文中的细节题常以同义转换的形式考查，需灵活对应原文信息。 考点10 议论文 观点/论述类 核心特征 以表达观点、论证道理为核心，包含论点、论据、论证三要素，语言逻辑性强，常含转折、因果、对比等逻辑关系。 常考题型 •主旨大意题（考查中心论点） •推理判断题（考查作者态度、论证目的等） •细节理解题（考查论据细节） •篇章结构题（考查论证结构） 解题关键 1.找准中心论点：多位于首段首尾句或尾段总结句，少数在中间段落转折后。 2.分析论据类型：区分事实论据（例子、数据）和道理论据，理解其支撑的论点。 3.把握论证逻辑：通过however、therefore、for example、on the other hand等逻辑词，理清论点与论据的关系。 1.（2025•西藏自治区中考英语真题•节选）：Over the past years, many cartoon shows about Ne Zha have been made in China, including an award-winning 1979 cartoon film that was drawn by hand. In 2019, Ne Zha 1 was put on the screen. Six years later, Ne Zha 2 opened in China on January 29th. •Question: When was Ne Zha 2 put on the screen? A．In 2025 B．In 2019 C．In 1985 D．In 1979 解析： 根据原文第二段“In 2019, Ne Zha 1 was put on the screen. Six years later, Ne Zha 2 opened in China on January 29th.”可知，《哪吒1》于2019年上映，6年后即2025年《哪吒2》上映。故选A。 2.（2025•江苏省盐城市中考英语真题•节选）：“My flower is ephemeral,” the little prince said to himself, “and I have left her on my planet, all alone!” That was his first moment of regret. The flower is the most beautiful thing on my planet! •Question: What can we learn from the text? A．One flower doesn’t bring spring. B．A good book is a light to the mind. C．We should protect our home planet—Earth. D．You can find beauty even if it doesn’t last long. 解析： 根据原文可知，小王子的花是短暂的（ephemeral），但它是小王子星球上最美的东西，这传达了即使短暂的事物也有美感和价值的道理。故选D。 3.（2025•黑龙江省大庆市中考英语真题•节选）：Every year, all the schools in China carry out fire drills (消防演练). The purpose is to make students pay more attention to fire safety. Fire drill is a common practice of what people must do in order to escape safely from a fire in a building. •Question: What does the underlined word “escape” mean in Paragraph 1? A．逃出B．忽略C．泄露D．消遣 解析： 根据原文第一段“Fire drill is a common practice of what people must do in order to escape safely from a fire in a building.”可知，消防演习是为了确保人们可以从火灾中安全“逃出”，所以划线单词表示“逃出”。故选A。 4.（2025•宁夏中考英语真题•节选）：Scientists have developed a system (系统) to help boost red squirrel numbers. And it uses artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a computer that has learned from experience and can do things that usually need human intelligence... It’s also about learning to protect wildlife with technology. •Question: What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how technology helps save animals in danger. B．To compare the living habits of red and grey squirrels. C．To describe how AI helps scientists study squirrel whiskers. D．To explain why grey squirrels are dangerous for red squirrels. 解析： 根据原文最后一句“It’s also about learning to protect wildlife with technology.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何利用科技手段帮助濒危动物。故选A。 5.（2025•山东省威海市中考英语真题•节选）：Many of China’s dishes come with stories. They are part of China’s long and fascinating history. Let’s learn about the interesting origins (起源) of some famous dishes. (后文介绍饺子和定胜糕的起源及文化意义) •Question: What do you think is the best title of the passage? A．Stories behind Chinese tastes B．Stories behind Chinese customs C．Stories behind Chinese festivals 解析： 文章主旨是通过介绍饺子和定胜糕的起源，展现中国菜肴背后的文化故事，因此最佳标题是“中国美食背后的故事”。故选A。 6.（2025•吉林省长春市中考英语真题•节选）：①You may wonder how you can find beauty in the place you’ve known so well... ②Imagining yourself as a guide is a good way... ③To find changes in your city, you can look up some information online... ④Going somewhere in person and watching, you will get something unexpected... ⑤Exploring your city in a different light, you can know more about its history... •Question: Which is the right structure of the passage? A．①→②③④→⑤ B．①②→③→④⑤ C．①→②→③④→⑤ D．①②③→④→⑤ 解析： 文章第一段提出主题——用新的视角发现身边的美；第二至四段分别通过想象、查找信息和亲身经历三个具体方法展开论述；第五段总结全文，强调通过不同视角探索城市能让人更加热爱生活的地方。选项A与文章结构相符。故选A。 7.（2025•四川省乐山市中考英语真题•节选）：In a small village, there were two brothers named Jamie and Jack. They lived next door to each other on their farms for 20 years. Every day, they worked together and happily helped one another. One day, the two brothers had a fight over a small misunderstanding (误解), which quickly turned into a bigger problem. They stopped working together and began using malicious words towards each other. After that, neither spoke to the other again. After a week, someone knocked on Jamie’s door. When he opened it, he found a man with a carpenter’s (木匠的) toolbox. The man said, “I’m looking for some work. Do you have any small jobs I can help with?” Jamie thought for a moment and replied, “Yes, I have a job for you.” He pointed to a wide ditch (沟渠) outside his farm and said, “My brother and I used to work together, but last week, he dug this ditch to separate our farms. I want you to build a tall fence (围栏) there, so I don’t have to see my brother anymore.” The carpenter agreed. Jamie then left for the town to do some shopping. When he came back, instead of the fence he had asked the carpenter to build, he was surprised to see a beautiful bridge across the ditch. Just as he was about to ask the carpenter what had happened, Jack walked across the bridge with tears (眼泪) in his eyes. “I’m so sorry, Jamie. After everything I’ve said, you still built this bridge to fix things between us,” Jack said. “You’re the best brother ever.” He then gave Jamie a warm hug. At that moment, the two brothers realized just how important they were to each other. The bridge was not just a way to cross the ditch—it was a symbol for them to rebuild relationship and understanding. •Question: What is the best title for the text? A．More Ditches, More Fences B．Building Bridges, Not Fences C．Best Brothers Hurt Each Other 解析： 本文讲述两兄弟因误会产生矛盾，木匠用桥梁代替围栏促成和解的故事，核心是“化解矛盾而非隔阂”。选项B既贴合情节又点明寓意，是最佳标题。故选B。 8.（2025•山东省菏泽市中考英语真题•节选）：The Caihong-YH1000, one of China’s latest cargo drones (货运无人机), has completed its maiden test flight successfully on May 22, 2025. The test has got good flight data (飞行数据) and achieved its goals. Developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the drone has a flight range of 1,500 kilometers and a maximum operational altitude of 8,000 meters. It can fly for up to 10 hours and carry a payload of 1,200 kilograms. •Question: What is the goal of testing the Caihong-YH1000? A．To reduce travel time. B．To finish the marathon. C．To get good flight data. 解析： 根据原文第三段“The test has got good flight data and achieved its goals.”可知，测试彩虹-YH1000货运无人机的核心目标是获取良好飞行数据。故选C。 9.（2025•江苏省宿迁市中考英语真题•节选）： Train Number Route Departure time Arrival time Platform G8298 Suqian→Xuzhou East 15:30 16:04 1 •Question: How long does it take from Suqian to Xuzhou East by G8298 train? A．206 minutes. B．147 minutes. C．97 minutes. D．34 minutes. 解析： 根据表格信息，G8298次列车15:30从宿迁出发，16:04到达徐州东，计算时长为34分钟。应用文细节题需精准提取时间、数据等信息，无需过度推理。故选D。 10.（2025•宁夏中考英语真题•节选）：Scientists have developed a system to help boost red squirrel numbers. And it uses artificial intelligence (AI)... “This isn’t just about squirrels,” Dr. Smith said. “It’s also about learning to protect wildlife with technology.” •Question: What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how technology helps save animals in danger. B．To compare the living habits of red and gray squirrels. C．To describe how AI helps scientists study squirrel whiskers. 解析： 文章首段提出“AI系统帮助保护红松鼠”的论点，后续通过具体功能介绍论证，结尾点明“用科技保护野生动物”的核心观点。主旨题需概括中心论点，选项A符合。故选A。 考点突破 1 记叙文命题突破——情节梳理与寓意提炼 突破点：结合时间线与情感线，精准把握故事核心 记叙文高频考查“情节顺序”“人物情感”“故事寓意”，解题需串联时间节点、人物行为与情感变化，从结尾感悟句提炼核心道理。 典例1（2025•江苏省盐城市中考英语真题•节选）： At the age of 13, Degbo watched Chinese martial arts movies in Benin’s capital. He loved how these actors fought with beauty and power. That’s when his love of kung fu began. Degbo joined a private kung fu club and later learnt Chinese at a culture centre. In 2010, he started his own club, Super Shaolin of Benin. In 2014, he got a chance to train at China’s Shaolin Temple. Question: What is the correct order of the events about Degbo? ① He set up Super Shaolin of Benin. ② He has over 350 students in his club. ③ He received training at Shaolin Temple. ④ He saw Chinese martial arts films in his teens. A．②③①④ B．②③④① C．④①③② D．④①②③ 解析: 根据文章时间线：④十几岁看武术电影→①2010年创办俱乐部→③2014年少林寺训练→②现在有350多名学生，正确顺序为④①③②。故选C。 变式1（2025•四川省乐山市中考英语真题•节选）： The bear walked slowly away from her and looked back again and again. Then he disappeared. When darkness fell, the old woman still stood there. Once more, she was alone. A long time passed. The winter came again. One day, the old woman stood at the same place for a long time. The wind blew snow around her face. Suddenly, the white bear appeared and ran to her. Question: What can we infer from the underlined sentence? A．The bear didn’t get well and was still ill. B．The bear was too fat to walk further. C．The bear didn’t want to leave the old woman. D．The bear said goodbye to village children. 解析 根据后文“熊再次出现并奔向老妇人”的情节，可推断“一再回头”体现熊不愿离开。故选C。 变式练2（2025•山东省枣庄市中考英语真题•节选）： From an early age, I began to like Chinese culture a lot. When there was a chance to study in Beijing as an exchange student, I took it at once. In my first 24 hours in Beijing, I felt very nervous... By the end of the first month, we could all make simple sentences... The first month was very tiring... My six-month stay in China made me excited. Question: Which shows the writer’s feeling change? A．nervous→happy→tired→excited B．happy→nervous→bored→excited C．tired→excited→nervous→happy D．bored→happy→nervous→excited 解析 根据时间线对应的情感：初到北京（紧张）→第一个月（快乐）→适应期（疲惫）→六个月后（兴奋），故选A。 考点突破 2 说明文命题突破——说明对象与细节定位 突破点：锁定说明对象特征，精准提取数据与原理 说明文高频考查“说明对象特征”“数据核对”“专业术语理解”，解题需先明确说明核心，再通过关键词定位细节信息。 典题2（2025•年宁夏中考英语真题•节选）： Scientists have developed a system (系统) to help boost red squirrel numbers. And it uses artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a computer that has learned from experience and can do things that usually need human intelligence. With the help of AI, the number of red squirrels might rise soon. •Question: What does the underlined word “boost” mean? A．Study. B．Count. C．Control. D．Increase. 解析: 根据“With the help of AI, the number of red squirrels might rise soon”可知，“boost”意为“增加”，与“rise”同义。故选D。 变式练1（2025•山东省菏泽市中考英语真题•节选）： The Caihong-YH1000... has a flight range of 1,500 kilometers and a maximum operational altitude of 8,000 meters. It can fly for up to 10 hours and carry a payload of 1,200 kilograms. •Question: What can we know about the Caihong-YH1000? A．It can fly 10 hours at most. B．Its flight range is 8,000 meters. C．It can carry 1,500 kilograms. D．It operates at 1,200 meters altitude. 解析 根据原文细节，无人机最长飞行10小时，A项正确；B、C、D项均混淆数据对应关系。故选A。 变式练2（2025•黑龙江省大庆市中考英语真题•节选）： China has made some changes in its food labels... The government requires food labels should be made easier and clearer to read. Information, such as sugar, salt and unhealthy fats... should be clearly included... common allergens (过敏原) should be included too. Question: What change is made to food labels? A．They must show the production date. B．They need to be easier to read. C．They should list all ingredients. D．They must be printed in Chinese. 解析 根据原文“food labels should be made easier and clearer to read”可知，标签需更简洁易读。故选B。 考点突破 3 应用文命题突破——关键信息快速定位 突破点：抓核心模块（时间/地点/要求），跳过冗余信息 应用文高频考查“时间、地点、价格、要求”，解题需直接定位题干关键词（如时间、活动名称），忽略无关描述。 典题3（2025•四川省乐山市中考英语真题•节选）： Meeting time: At 4:00 p.m., every Wednesday. Open to: All students aged 6—12. Things to bring: Pens and notebooks. Click here to learn more: [www.summerdaycamp.gov](www.summerdaycamp.gov) •Question: Where is the text probably taken from? A．On a website. B．In a novel. C．In a diary. 解析 根据文末网址“[www.summerdaycamp.gov](www.summerdaycamp.gov)”可推断，文章来自网站。故选A。 变式练1（2025•江苏省宿迁市中考英语真题•节选）： Train Number Route Departure time Arrival time G2611 Suqian→Shanghai Hongqiao 12:05 15:31 G2223 Suqian→Yangzhou 12:32 14:09 •Question: Which train takes the longest time? A．G2611 B．G2223 C．G8298 D．G2571 解析 计算时长：G2611（3小时26分）、G2223（1小时37分），G2611耗时最长。故选A。 变式练2（2025•四川省德阳市中考英语真题•节选）： Notice: 1. Wear summer school uniform. 2. Bring lunch box or money. 3. Bring water and hat. 4. No mobile phones. •Question: What can students NOT bring? A．Lunch boxes. B．Mobile phones. C．Hats. D．Water bottles. 解析 根据通知第4条“No mobile phones”可知，不能带手机。故选B。 考点突破 4 议论文命题突破——论点与论证逻辑 突破点：找准中心论点，分析论据与论点的关系 议论文高频考查“中心论点”“作者态度”“论证目的”，解题需先定位论点（首段/尾段），再判断论据的支撑作用。 典题（2025•四川省眉山市中考英语真题•节选）： “Grow Stream is more than just a technology,” said Jan Gould... “It ‘says’ two things: The earth’s natural resources are not so much, and we should take better care of the planet through new technology.” •Question: What does Jan Gould mean? A．The earth is heavily polluted. B．New technology saves natural resources. C．We need more natural resources. D．People can talk with GrowStream. 解析 根据“take better care of the planet through new technology”可知，新技术能帮助节约自然资源。故选B。 变式练1（2025•宁夏中考英语真题•节选）： “This isn’t just about squirrels,” Dr. Smith said. “It’s also about learning to protect wildlife with technology.” •Question: What is the author’s attitude towards AI in wildlife protection? A．Doubtful B．Supportive C．Neutral D．Critical 解析 根据“help boost red squirrel numbers”“protect wildlife”等积极表述，作者持支持态度。故选B。 变式练2（2025•山东省威海市中考英语真题•节选）： Many of China’s dishes come with stories... Let’s learn about the interesting origins of some famous dishes. (后文介绍饺子和定胜糕的起源) •Question: What is the writer’s purpose? A．To introduce famous Chinese dishes. B．To tell stories behind Chinese dishes. C．To encourage people to cook Chinese food. D．To compare Chinese and foreign dishes. 解析 文章首段点明核心“中国菜肴背后的故事”，后文通过举例论证，目的是讲述菜肴背后的故事。故选B。 考点难点 1记叙文难点 故事寓意推理（★高频难点） 难点解析 记叙文的寓意常隐含在情节中，需结合人物行为、情感变化及结尾感悟句，避免停留在表面情节，过度依赖个人经验推断。 解题技巧 1.定位“感悟句”：重点关注结尾段中人物的总结性语言或作者的评论句。 2.关联情节与寓意：找到情节核心冲突（如矛盾、成长、选择），分析其传递的道理。 3.排除“细节干扰项”：寓意题答案需具有普遍性，不局限于故事中的具体人物或事件。 典题1（2025•江苏省盐城市中考英语真题•节选）： “My flower is ephemeral,” the little prince said to himself, “and I have left her on my planet, all alone!” That was his first moment of regret. The flower is the most beautiful thing on my planet! •Question: What can we learn from the text? A．One flower doesn’t bring spring. B．A good book is a light to the mind. C．We should protect our home planet—Earth. D．You can find beauty even if it doesn’t last long. 解析 根据“花是短暂的但却是最美的”这一核心情节，寓意为“即使事物短暂，也能拥有美感”，选项D符合。A、B、C均与情节无关，属于过度推断。故选D。 变式练（2025•山东省威海市中考英语真题•节选）： The bridge was not just a way to cross the ditch—it was a symbol for them to rebuild relationship and understanding. •Question: What does the bridge symbolize? A．The end of a fight. B．The importance of farms. C．Reconciliation and understanding. D．The difficulty of fixing relationships. 解析 根据结尾句“rebuild relationship and understanding”可知，桥梁象征“和解与理解”。故选C。 考点难点 2说明文难点 长难句与专业术语理解（★高频难点） 难点解析 说明文常含长难句（如非谓语、定语从句）和专业术语，易导致信息提取偏差，尤其在科普类说明文中更为突出。 解题技巧 1.长难句拆解：先找主句主干（主谓宾/主系表），再分析定语、状语等修饰成分。 2.专业术语处理：通过上下文解释（破折号、that is）、举例或同义替换理解含义。 3.数据精准对应：注意数字、单位、百分比的搭配关系，避免混淆说明对象与数据。 典题2（2025•山东省菏泽市中考英语真题•节选）： 原文节选：Developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the drone has a flight range of 1,500 kilometers and a maximum operational altitude of 8,000 meters. •Question: What is the flight range of the drone? A．8,000 meters B．1,500 kilometers C．10 hours D．1,200 kilograms 解析 长难句拆解：主句为“the drone has a flight range of... and a maximum operational altitude of...”，“Developed by...”为非谓语作状语。专业术语“flight range”意为“航程”，对应数据1,500 kilometers。故选B。 变式练2025•黑龙江省大庆市中考英语真题•节选）： 原文节选：Food waste goes bad quickly and causes more methane than any other type of waste, which has a greater long-term global warming effect than CO2. •Question: What can we know about methane? A．It comes only from food waste. B．It is less harmful than CO2. C．It contributes to global warming. D．It takes long to break down. 解析 长难句拆解：主句“Food waste goes bad... and causes more methane...”，“which”引导定语从句修饰methane。根据“greater long-term global warming effect than CO2”可知，甲烷加剧全球变暖。故选C。 考点难点 3应用文难点 多信息定位与同义替换（★易错难点） 难点解析 应用文信息密集（如时刻表、通知），题干常以同义替换形式考查，易因关键词定位不准或忽略限制条件出错。 解题技巧 1.多关键词定位：题干含多个限制条件（如时间+地点+事件）时，需逐一核对原文。 2.同义替换对应：关注“arrive=reach”“require=need”“available=possible”等常见替换。 3.排除陷阱选项：注意绝对词（only、all）、时间/地点混淆、数据篡改等干扰项。 典题3（2025•四川省乐山市中考英语真题•节选）： Meeting time: At 4:00 p.m., every Wednesday. Open to: All students aged 6—12. Things to bring: Pens and notebooks. •Question: Which student can join the camp? A．A 5-year-old kid with a notebook. B．A 10-year-old pupil with pens. C．A 15-year-old teen with a pen. D．A 3-year-old baby with a notebook. 解析 题干需满足“年龄6-12岁”和“带笔和笔记本”两个条件。A年龄不符，C年龄不符，D年龄不符，B符合所有条件。故选B。 变式练（2025•江苏省宿迁市中考英语真题•节选）： Train Number Route Departure time Arrival time Platform G2611 Suqian→Shanghai Hongqiao 12:05 15:31 2 G2223 Suqian→Yangzhou 12:32 14:09 1 •Question: If you want to go to Shanghai Hongqiao and take Platform 2, which train should you choose? A．G2611 B．G2223 C．G8298 D．G2571 解析 题干关键词“Shanghai Hongqiao”和“Platform 2”，逐一核对表格，只有G2611符合。故选A。 考点难点 4议论文难点 中心论点定位（★核心难点） 难点解析 议论文论点可能隐含在转折后、举例后或结尾总结，易混淆论点与论据，误将细节作为主旨。 解题技巧 1.论点定位信号： •首段：转折词（however、but）后常为论点； •中间段：“The point is...”“In fact...”等引出论点； •尾段：“In short...”“Therefore...”等总结论点。 2.论据排除法：举例、数据、引用等内容均为论据，不能作为中心论点。 3.主旨概括法：论点需涵盖全文核心，不片面、不宽泛。 典题4（2025•宁夏中考英语真题•节选）： Scientists have developed a system to help boost red squirrel numbers. And it uses artificial intelligence (AI)... “This isn’t just about squirrels,” Dr. Smith said. “It’s also about learning to protect wildlife with technology.” •Question: What is the main idea of the passage? A．AI helps protect red squirrels. B．Red squirrels are in danger. C．Technology can protect wildlife. D．Grey squirrels are harmful. 解析 首段介绍“AI帮助红松鼠”的论据，结尾句点明核心论点“用科技保护野生动物”，选项C涵盖全文主旨，A为细节论据，B、D偏离主题。故选C。 变式练（2025•四川省眉山市中考英语真题•节选）： 原文节选：“GrowStream is more than just a technology,” said Jan Gould... “It ‘says’ two things: The earth’s natural resources are not so much, and we should take better care of the planet through new technology.” •Question: What is the author’s main point? A．GrowStream is a useful technology. B．Natural resources are limited. C．New technology helps protect the planet. D．People should save natural resources. 解析 结尾句通过引用点明论点“通过新技术保护地球”，选项C符合；A为细节，B、D未提及“新技术”这一核心载体。故选C。 阅读理解 1.（2025•山东省枣庄市中考英语真题）From an early age, I began to like Chinese culture a lot. When there was a chance to study in Beijing as an exchange student, I took it at once. In my first 24 hours in Beijing, I felt very nervous. I didn’t see one foreigner. But on my first day of school, I was greeted by many foreign faces. The students came from all over the world. I would be in a class with Chelsea from Norway and Charlie from my motherland — the UK. None of us had studied Chinese before, but our language skills improved quickly. By the end of the first month, we could all make simple sentences. Some of these sentences, though, were quite funny. We often sent our language teacher Sophie into wild laughter. We had a happy time together. The first month was very tiring. There were so many new things to learn. Thankfully, our school organized many events for students. We talked a lot about cultural differences and our future plans. It was a great chance for us to practice speaking Chinese. In October, my Chinese friend Zhen Hua showed me around the city. He took me to some of his favorite restaurants. Chinese table manners were very different from those in the West. Eating Chinese food was like an adventure, and it became my favorite part about living in Beijing. My six-month stay in China made me excited. I want to visit China again to look for more adventures. （ ）1.Why did the writer go to Beijing? A．To visit friends. B．To study as an exchange student. C．To learn cooking. D．To travel around. 答案：B，解析：根据“When there was a chance to study in Beijing as an exchange student, I took it at once”得出。 （ ）2.How did the writer feel in her first 24 hours in Beijing? A．Nervous B．Happy C．Tired D．Excited 答案：A，解析：根据“In my first 24 hours in Beijing, I felt very nervous”得出。 （ ）3.What did the writer think of eating Chinese food? A．Boring B．Difficult C．Adventurous D．Expensive 答案：C，解析：根据“Eating Chinese food was like an adventure”得出。 （ ）4.What can we infer about the writer? A．She hated Chinese culture at first. B．She made friends with Chinese and foreign students. C．She didn’t improve her Chinese. D．She stayed in China for a year. 答案：B，解析：根据“the students came from all over the world”“my Chinese friend Zhen Hua”可推断，作者结交了中外学生朋友。 2.（2025•山东省菏泽市中考英语真题）Scientists in Australia have used Artificial Intelligence (AI) to help them locate (定位) an endangered bird called the Plains-wanderer. This new information will help scientists protect the rare (稀有的) birds. The Plains-wanderer is a small bird that lives in Australia’s grasslands. They play an important role in controlling insects and spreading seeds, which helps create healthier habitats (栖息地) for other native wildlife in Australia. The birds were once common in eastern Australia. But that’s changed, as grasslands have been turned into farms and cities. Zoos Victoria, the group behind the recent effort to locate Plains-wanderers, says the birds’ numbers have fallen by over 85% in recent decades. Scientists believe there are now only 250 to 1,000 of the birds left in the wild. To protect these rare birds, Zoos Victoria first had to learn where they were. Female Plains-wanderers make an unusual “Ooom” call, and this was the key to locating them. The researchers set up 35 special recording devices (装置) called "song meters" in nine different grassy areas... （ ）1.Where do Plains-wanderers live? A．In Australia's grasslands. B．In zoos. C．In cities. 答案：A，解析：根据“The Plains-wanderer is a small bird that lives in Australia’s grasslands”得出。 （ ）2.Why are the birds endangered? A．They can’t control insects. B．Their habitats are destroyed. C．They don’t spread seeds. 答案：B，解析：根据“grasslands have been turned into farms and cities”得出栖息地被破坏。 （ ）3.What is the key to locating the birds? A．Their size. B．Their call. C．Their living areas. 答案：B，解析：根据“Female Plains-wanderers make an unusual ‘Ooom’ call, and this was the key”得出。 （ ）4.What does the underlined word “rare” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Common B．Beautiful C．Uncommon 答案：C，解析：根据“endangered bird”“numbers have fallen by over 85%”可推测“rare”意为“稀有的”，即uncommon。 3.（应用文，2025•江苏省宿迁市中考英语真题） Dear students, Get ready for a wonderful school trip! We will visit Zhongjiang Noodle Village this Saturday. It’s going to be a day full of joy! Schedule: 8:30 Arrive at your classroom. 8:30—9:00 Meet at the school gate to get on school buses. 9:00—10:00 Travel to Zhongjiang Noodle Village. 10:00—11:00 Enjoy a train ride and take photos. 11:00—13:00 Have a picnic and play games on the square. 13:00—16:00 Learn to make noodles from the villagers. 16:00—16:30 Taste the hand-made noodles. 16:30—17:30 Go back to school. Notice: 1.Wear your summer school uniform and comfortable shoes. 2.Bring your lunch box or money to buy food. 3.Bring water, a hat and any medicine you need. 4.Mobile phones are not allowed. Bring your own camera to take photos. （ ）1.When will students meet at the school gate to get on school buses? A．8:00—8:30 B．8:30—9:00 C．9:00—10:00 答案：B，解析：根据“8:30—9:00”对应的“Meet at the school gate to get on school buses”得出。 （ ）2.What can students NOT bring? A．Lunch boxes B．Mobile phones C．Cameras 答案：B，解析：根据“Notice”第4条“Mobile phones are not allowed”得出。 （ ）3.How long will the noodle-making activity last? A．2 hours B．3 hours C．4 hours 答案：B，解析：根据“13:00—16:00”对应的“Learn to make noodles”计算，时长为3小时。 （ ）4.What is the purpose of the notice? A．To invite students to a village. B．To introduce a school trip plan. C．To ask students to learn to make noodles. 答案：B，解析：全文围绕学校旅行的行程安排和注意事项展开，目的是介绍旅行计划。 4.（议论文，2025•四川省眉山市中考英语真题）“GrowStream is more than just a technology,” said Jan Gould, CEO of RDI. “We want it to ‘talk’ to people, too. It ‘says’ two things: The earth’s natural resources (资源) are not so much, and we should take better care of the planet through new technology.” GrowStream is a watering system. Its tubes (管子) have special tiny holes in them. When plants need water, they will release (释放) chemicals (化学物质) through their roots. When the holes detect (察觉) these chemicals, they will open. The plants then get water from these holes. As the plants “drink” enough water, they stop releasing these chemicals. And that “tells” the holes to close back up and stop watering. This system can help save 45 to 50 percent more water than common watering systems. It was created by a company called RDI. The company has brought the GrowStream system to many farms in South Africa. It is also testing the system in the US. It will be used to make the city greener while saving more water. （ ）1.What is the main advantage of GrowStream? A．Saving water B．Being cheap C．Being easy to install 答案：A，解析：根据“This system can help save 45 to 50 percent more water than common watering systems”得出。 （ ）2.How does GrowStream work? A．It waters plants all the time. B．It detects plants’ chemicals to control watering. C．It needs farmers to control manually. 答案：B，解析：根据“When plants need water, they will release chemicals... When the holes detect these chemicals, they will open”得出。 （ ）3.What does Jan Gould want to tell people? A．Natural resources are unlimited. B．New technology can protect the planet. C．GrowStream is the best watering system. 答案：B，解析：根据“we should take better care of the planet through new technology”得出。 （ ）4.What is the author’s attitude towards GrowStream? A．DoubtfulB．SupportiveC．Critical 答案：B，解析：通过“save water”“make the city greener”等积极表述，可判断作者持支持态度。 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $