Unit 3 What makes a great team（词汇讲练）-2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固（外研版2024）

2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固（外研版2024) Unit 3 What makes a great team?词汇讲练 目录 第一部分 单元词汇清单锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 核心词汇讲练用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 词汇强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 单元词汇清单 Unit 3 单元词汇背诵清单 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 director n.导演 drama n.戏剧 leader n.领导者 role n.角色 freeze v.突然停止；呆住 silence n.沉默，缄默 awful adj. 糟糕的，恶劣的；讨厌的 advise v.建议 yours pron.你的 teamwork n.合作，协作，配合 strength n.优点，长处，优势 weakness n.弱点，缺点，不足 queen n.女王 vote v.投票，表决 suggestion n.建议，提议 meeting n.会议，集会 captain n.队长，组长 camp v.扎营，宿营，露营 go camping(尤指到山上或森林里)去露营 tape n.(划分地界或捆扎东西等用的)带子，线带 voluntary adj.志愿的 cooperation n.合作，协作 shy adj.羞怯的，腼腆的(尤指在陌生人面前) confidence n.自信，信心 noon n.正午，中午 climber n.登山者，登山运动员 roof n.顶，顶部 the “roof of the world”世界屋脊 thirty-metre-high adj.三十米高的 ladder n.梯子 teammate n.队友 lower v.把(某物)移低，降下 painful adj.令人痛苦的 rope n.绳，粗绳，绳索，缆 effort n.努力 make every effort 尽一切努力 north n.北，北方 base n.基地，根据地，总部，大本营 base camp(登山)大本营 mountaineering n.登山运动 Unit 3 单元词汇默写清单 ____________n.导演 ____________n.戏剧 ____________n.领导者 ____________n.角色 ____________v.突然停止；呆住 ____________n.沉默，缄默 ____________adj. 糟糕的，恶劣的；讨厌的 ____________v.建议 ____________pron.你的 ____________n.合作，协作，配合 ____________n.优点，长处，优势 ____________n.弱点，缺点，不足 ____________n.女王 ____________v.投票，表决 ____________n.建议，提议 ____________n.会议，集会 ____________ n.队长，组长 ____________v.扎营，宿营，露营 ____________(尤指到山上或森林里)去露营 ____________n.(划分地界或捆扎东西等用的)带子，线带 ____________ adj.志愿的 ____________n.合作，协作 ____________adj.羞怯的，腼腆的(尤指在陌生人面前) ____________ n.自信，信心 ____________n.正午，中午 ____________n.登山者，登山运动员 ____________n.顶，顶部 ____________世界屋脊 ____________adj.三十米高的 ____________ n.梯子 ____________n.队友 ____________v.把(某物)移低，降下 ____________adj.令人痛苦的 ____________ n.绳，粗绳，绳索，缆 ____________ n.努力 ____________尽一切努力 ____________n.北，北方 ____________n.基地，根据地，总部，大本营 ____________(登山)大本营 ____________ n.登山运动 ◇Part 02 核心词汇讲练 1. role n. 角色 【用法释疑】 指人在社会、家庭、戏剧、电影等中所扮演的身份、承担的责任或发挥的作用。 【搭配积累】 play a role in...（在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用）；take on a role（承担一个角色）；important role（重要角色）；leading role（主角） 【用法示例】 She plays an important role in the company's development.（她在公司的发展中扮演着重要角色。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. Which role does she ______ in the school play? A. make B. play C. do D. take 2. Parents play a key ______ in their children's growth. A. role B. part C. job D. work 3. He refused to take on the ______ of team leader because he was too busy. A. rule B. role C. task D. duty 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. Everyone has a ______ (role) to play in protecting the environment. 2. She played a leading ______ (role) in the movie and won many awards. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 教育在个人成长中起着重要作用。(play a role in) Education ______ ______ ______ ______ in personal growth. 2. 他在这次项目中承担了一个关键角色。(take on a role) He ______ ______ a key ______ in this project. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. B 【解析】固定搭配play a role in...，表示“在……中扮演角色”，其他选项无此搭配，故选B。 2. A 【解析】根据句意“父母在孩子的成长中起关键作用”，key后接role，play a key role in为固定搭配；part虽可构成play a part in，但选项中无符合语境的正确搭配，故选A。 3. B 【解析】句意“他因为太忙，拒绝承担团队领导的角色”，role表示“角色、职责”，符合语境；rule（规则）、task（任务）、duty（义务）均不符合句意，故选B。 二、单句填空 1. role 【解析】空前有不定冠词a，后接可数名词单数，role为可数名词，此处用原形即可。 2. role 【解析】固定搭配play a leading role，“leading”为形容词，修饰名词role，此处用原形。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. plays an important role 【解析】主语Education为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数plays；“重要作用”译为an important role，结合固定搭配play a role in，故填此答案。 2. took on; role 【解析】根据句意可知句子为一般过去时，take on的过去式为took on；“角色”译为role，前面有a key修饰，用原形，故填此答案。 2. freeze v. 突然停止；呆住 【用法释疑】 指动作、声音等突然停止，或人因惊讶、恐惧等而身体僵住、呆住；也可指（水等）结冰（此处侧重题干要求的“突然停止；呆住”）。 【搭配积累】 freeze for a moment（愣了一下）；freeze in place（僵在原地）；freeze with fear（吓得呆住）；freeze suddenly（突然停止） 【用法示例】 When she heard the bad news, she froze with shock.（听到这个坏消息时，她震惊得呆住了。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. He ______ when he saw a snake in front of him. A. froze B. frozen C. freezes D. freezing 2. The music ______ suddenly when the power went out. A. stopped B. froze C. ended D. paused 3. She ______ for a second before answering the question. A. froze B. stopped C. waited D. stayed 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. When the teacher called his name, he ______ (freeze) for a moment and then stood up. 2. The children froze ______ (sudden) when they heard the loud noise. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 听到那声巨响，所有人都吓得呆住了。(freeze with fear) Everyone ______ ______ ______ when they heard the loud noise. 2. 他的动作突然停止，全场陷入寂静。(freeze suddenly) His movement ______ ______ and the whole audience fell silent. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. A 【解析】根据从句中的saw可知，句子为一般过去时，freeze的过去式为froze，故选A。 2. B 【解析】句意“停电时，音乐突然停了”，freeze此处表示“突然停止”，符合语境；stop（停止，侧重主动停止）、end（结束，侧重过程终止）、pause（暂停，侧重短暂停止后继续）均不符合句意，故选B。 3. A 【解析】句意“回答问题前，她愣了一下”，freeze表示“呆住、愣神”，符合语境；stop（停止）、wait（等待）、stay（停留）均不符合句意，故选A。 二、单句填空 1. froze 【解析】根据从句中的called可知，句子为一般过去时，freeze的过去式为froze，故填froze。 2. suddenly 【解析】此处修饰动词froze，需用副词，sudden的副词形式为suddenly，故填suddenly。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. froze with fear 【解析】根据从句中的heard可知，句子为一般过去时，freeze的过去式为froze；“吓得呆住”译为freeze with fear，故填此答案。 2. froze suddenly 【解析】根据句意可知句子为一般过去时，freeze的过去式为froze；“突然停止”译为freeze suddenly，故填此答案。 3. silence n. 沉默，缄默 【用法释疑】 指没有声音、噪音的状态，或人不说话、保持缄默的状态。 【搭配积累】 in silence（沉默地）；break the silence（打破沉默）；deep silence（死寂）；keep silence（保持沉默） 【用法示例】 They sat in silence for a long time after the argument.（争吵过后，他们沉默地坐了很长时间。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. The whole room was in ______ after the teacher announced the bad news. A. silence B. quiet C. calm D. still 2. No one dared to ______ the silence during the meeting. A. break B. stop C. end D. cut 3. She kept ______ and refused to say anything about the accident. A. silence B. silent C. quietly D. calmly 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. They walked home in ______ (silence) without saying a word. 2. The silence in the forest was so ______ (frighten) that we didn't dare to move. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 他沉默地站在那里，什么也没说。(in silence) He stood there ______ ______ and said nothing. 2. 最后，他打破了沉默，开始说话。(break the silence) Finally, he ______ ______ ______ and started to speak. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. A 【解析】固定搭配in silence，表示“处于沉默状态”，符合句意“老师宣布坏消息后，整个房间陷入沉默”；quiet（安静，侧重没有噪音）、calm（平静，侧重情绪）、still（静止，侧重动作）均无此搭配，故选A。 2. A 【解析】固定搭配break the silence，表示“打破沉默”，符合句意“会议期间，没人敢打破沉默”；其他选项无此搭配，故选A。 3. A 【解析】固定搭配keep silence，表示“保持沉默”，silence为名词，符合语法；silent（形容词，需与keep连用为keep silent）、quietly（副词）、calmly（副词）均不符合语法或语境，故选A。 二、单句填空 1. silence 【解析】固定搭配in silence，silence为名词，此处用原形即可。 2. frightening 【解析】此处修饰名词silence，需用形容词，frighten的形容词形式有frightening（令人害怕的，修饰物）和frightened（害怕的，修饰人），此处修饰silence，故填frightening。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. in silence 【解析】“沉默地”译为in silence，为固定短语，在句中作状语，故填此答案。 2. broke the silence 【解析】根据句意可知句子为一般过去时，break的过去式为broke；“打破沉默”译为break the silence，故填此答案。 4. awful adj. 糟糕的，恶劣的；讨厌的 【用法释疑】 形容人、事物或情况非常糟糕、令人不满意，或令人感到讨厌、不舒服。 【搭配积累】 awful weather（恶劣的天气）；awful experience（糟糕的经历）；awful smell（难闻的气味）；awful day（糟糕的一天） 【用法示例】 The food here tastes awful. I won't come again.（这里的食物很难吃，我不会再来了。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. What ______ weather! We can't go out for a walk. A. awful B. good C. nice D. fine 2. She had an ______ experience during her trip and wanted to go home at once. A. amazing B. awful C. exciting D. wonderful 3. The movie was so ______ that I fell asleep halfway. A. awful B. interesting C. boring D. exciting 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. The weather is ______ (awful) today. You'd better stay at home. 2. He felt ______ (awful) because he made a big mistake in the exam. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 昨天的天气非常恶劣，我们取消了野餐。(awful weather) We canceled the picnic because of the ______ ______ yesterday. 2. 我昨天过得很糟糕，做什么都不顺利。(awful day) I had an ______ ______ yesterday and nothing went well. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. A 【解析】根据后句“我们不能出去散步”可知，天气很糟糕，awful（恶劣的）符合语境；good、nice、fine均表示“好的”，与语境相反，故选A。 2. B 【解析】根据后句“她想立刻回家”可知，旅行经历很糟糕，awful（糟糕的）符合语境；amazing（令人惊奇的）、exciting（令人兴奋的）、wonderful（精彩的）均与语境相反，故选B。 3. A 【解析】根据后句“我中途睡着了”可知，电影很糟糕、无聊，awful（糟糕的）符合语境；interesting（有趣的）、exciting（令人兴奋的）与语境相反；boring（无聊的）虽符合语境，但选项中awful更贴合“糟糕到让人睡着”的程度，故选A。 二、单句填空 1. awful 【解析】此处作表语，修饰weather，awful为形容词，用原形即可。 2. awful 【解析】此处作表语，修饰主语he的感受，awful为形容词，用原形即可。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. awful weather 【解析】“恶劣的天气”译为awful weather，weather为不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词，故填此答案。 2. awful day 【解析】“糟糕的一天”译为awful day，day为可数名词，前面有不定冠词an修饰，awful以元音音素开头，符合语法，故填此答案。 5. advise v. 建议 【用法释疑】 指向某人提出自己的意见、看法或建议，供其参考，帮助其做出决定。 【搭配积累】 advise sb. to do sth.（建议某人做某事）；advise sb. against doing sth.（建议某人不要做某事）；advise sth.（建议某事）；advise that...（建议……，从句用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可省略） 【用法示例】 My teacher advised me to read more books to improve my English.（我的老师建议我多读书来提高我的英语水平。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. My parents advise me ______ more exercise every day. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 2. The doctor advised him ______ smoking because it's bad for his health. A. stop B. to stop C. against D. for 3. She advised that we ______ early to avoid traffic jams. A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. He advised me ______ (study) hard for the coming exam. 2. My friend advised against ______ (go) out alone at night. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 老师建议我们每天早上读英语。(advise s B. to do sth.) The teacher ______ ______ ______ ______ English every morning. 2. 他建议我不要熬夜。(advise sb. against doing sth.) He ______ ______ ______ ______ up late. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. B 【解析】固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.，表示“建议某人做某事”，故选B。 2. C 【解析】固定搭配advise sb. against doing sth.，表示“建议某人不要做某事”，此处against为介词，后接smoking，符合语境；若用to stop，需表达为advise him to stop smoking，选项中无此形式，故选C。 3. A 【解析】advise后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省略，故选A。 二、单句填空 1. to study 【解析】固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.，此处用动词不定式to study。 2. going 【解析】固定搭配advise against doing sth.，against为介词，后接动名词going。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. advises us to read 【解析】主语The teacher为第三人称单数，谓语动词用advises；“建议我们读”译为advise us to read，故填此答案。 2. advised me against staying 【解析】根据句意可知句子为一般过去时，advise的过去式为advised；“建议我不要熬夜”译为advise me against staying up late，stay up late为固定搭配，against后接动名词staying，故填此答案。 6. strength n. 优点，长处，优势；力量 【用法释疑】 侧重题干要求的“优点，长处，优势”，指人或事物所具备的优于他人或他物的地方、特长；也可指身体或精神上的力量。 【搭配积累】 one's strength（某人的优点/长处）；strengths and weaknesses（优点和缺点）；develop one's strength（发挥某人的长处）；competitive strength（竞争优势） 【用法示例】 Her biggest strength is her patience and kindness.（她最大的优点是有耐心和善良。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. What's your biggest ______? I think it's my honesty. A. strength B. weakness C. advantage D. disadvantage 2. We should know our own strengths and ______ to improve ourselves. A. strengths B. weaknesses C. advantages D. benefits 3. His ______ in speaking English helps him get the jo B. A. strength B. ability C. skill D. talent 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. Everyone has his own ______ (strength) and weaknesses. 2. She has many ______ (strength), such as singing and dancing. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 我们应该发挥自己的长处，弥补自己的不足。(develop one's strength) We should ______ ______ ______ and make up for our shortcomings. 2. 耐心是他最大的优点之一。(one's strength) Patience is one of ______ biggest ______. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. A 【解析】根据后句“我认为是我的诚实”可知，问句询问的是“最大的优点”，strength（优点、长处）符合语境；weakness（缺点）、disadvantage（劣势）与语境相反；advantage（优势）侧重相对优势，不如strength贴合“个人品质优点”，故选A。 2. B 【解析】句意“我们应该了解自己的优点和缺点来提升自己”，strengths and weaknesses为固定搭配，表示“优点和缺点”，故选B。 3. A 【解析】句意“他在说英语方面的长处帮助他得到了这份工作”，strength表示“长处、优势”，符合语境；ability（能力）、skill（技能）、talent（天赋）均不如strength贴合“优于他人的地方”，故选A。 二、单句填空 1. strength 【解析】根据空后的weaknesses（复数）可知，此处strength也用复数形式strengths，故填strengths。 2. strengths 【解析】空前有many修饰，后接可数名词复数，strength的复数形式为strengths，故填strengths。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. develop our strengths 【解析】“发挥自己的长处”译为develop our strengths，主语为we，形容词性物主代词用our，strength用复数形式strengths，故填此答案。 2. his; strengths 【解析】“他的”译为his，“优点”译为strength，one of后接可数名词复数，故strength用复数形式strengths，填此答案。 7. weakness n. 弱点，缺点，不足 【用法释疑】 指人或事物所存在的不足、缺陷，或容易出错、被攻击的地方，与strength（优点）相对。 【搭配积累】 one's weakness（某人的弱点/缺点）；strengths and weaknesses（优点和缺点）；overcome one's weakness（克服某人的弱点）；a weakness for...（对……的偏爱/弱点） 【用法示例】 His biggest weakness is that he is too impatient.（他最大的缺点是太没耐心了。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. We should try our best to overcome our ______ and become better. A. strengths B. weaknesses C. advantages D. benefits 2. Her only ______ is that she is a little shy in public. A. weakness B. strength C. advantage D. talent 3. He has a ______ for sweet food, which is bad for his teeth. A. weakness B. hobby C. habit D. love 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. Everyone has his own strengths and ______ (weakness). 2. She is trying hard to overcome her ______ (weakness) in math. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 他知道自己的弱点，并努力改进。(one's weakness) He knows his ______ and tries his best to improve them. 2. 粗心是很多学生的共同缺点。(common weakness) Carelessness is a ______ ______ of many students. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. B 【解析】句意“我们应该尽力克服自己的弱点，变得更好”，weakness（弱点、缺点）符合语境；strengths（优点）、advantages（优势）、benefits（好处）均与语境相反，故选B。 2. A 【解析】根据后句“她在公共场合有点害羞”可知，此处指的是“缺点、弱点”，weakness符合语境；strength（优点）、advantage（优势）、talent（天赋）均与语境相反，故选A。 3. A 【解析】固定搭配a weakness for...，表示“对……的偏爱、弱点”，符合句意“他偏爱甜食，这对他的牙齿不好”；hobby（爱好）、habit（习惯）、love（热爱）均无此搭配，故选A。 二、单句填空 1. weaknesses 【解析】根据空后的strengths（复数）可知，此处weakness也用复数形式weaknesses，故填weaknesses。 2. weakness 【解析】此处指“数学方面的弱点”，为单数概念，weakness用原形即可。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. weaknesses 【解析】“弱点”译为weakness，根据后句的them可知，此处用复数形式weaknesses，故填weaknesses。 2. common weakness 【解析】“共同的”译为common，“缺点”译为weakness，前面有不定冠词a，weakness用原形，故填此答案。 8. vote v. 投票，表决 【用法释疑】 指通过投票的方式表达意见、选择或决定某件事，通常用于集体决策。 【搭配积累】 vote for sb./sth.（投票支持某人/某事）；vote against sb./sth.（投票反对某人/某事）；vote on sth.（就某事投票表决）；vote to do sth.（投票决定做某事） 【用法示例】 They voted for him to be the team leader.（他们投票支持他担任团队 leader。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. All the members voted ______ the new plan because it was practical. A. for B. against C. on D. to 2. We will vote ______ the problem at the next meeting. A. for B. against C. on D. about 3. They voted ______ him because they didn't agree with his ideas. A. for B. against C. on D. with 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. The students voted ______ (elect) a new monitor. 2. We voted ______ (against) the plan because it was too expensive. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 他们投票决定推迟会议。(vote to do sth.) They ______ ______ ______ the meeting. 2. 大多数人投票支持这项新政策。(vote for) Most people ______ ______ the new policy. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. A 【解析】根据后句“因为它很实用”可知，成员们投票支持新计划，vote for（支持）符合语境；vote against（反对）与语境相反；vote on（就……投票）、vote to（无此搭配）不符合句意，故选A。 2. C 【解析】固定搭配vote on sth.，表示“就某事投票表决”，符合句意“我们将在下次会议上就这个问题投票表决”；其他选项无此搭配，故选C。 3. B 【解析】根据后句“因为他们不同意他的想法”可知，他们投票反对他，vote against（反对）符合语境；vote for（支持）与语境相反；vote on（就……投票）、vote with（无此搭配）不符合句意，故选B。 二、单句填空 1. to elect 【解析】固定搭配vote to do sth.，表示“投票决定做某事”，此处用动词不定式to elect。 2. against 【解析】固定搭配vote against sth.，表示“投票反对某事”，此处against为介词，用原形即可。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. voted to postpone 【解析】根据句意可知句子为一般过去时，vote的过去式为voted；“推迟”译为postpone，结合固定搭配vote to do sth.，故填此答案。 2. voted for 【解析】根据句意可知句子为一般过去时，vote的过去式为voted；“投票支持”译为vote for，故填此答案。 9. suggestion n. 建议，提议 【用法释疑】 指为解决某个问题、改进某种情况而提出的意见、想法或提议，是可数名词；与advise（动词）相对应，advise的名词形式为advice（不可数名词），注意区分。 【搭配积累】 make a suggestion（提出建议）；follow one's suggestion（采纳某人的建议）；give a suggestion（给出建议）；suggestion on sth.（关于某事的建议） 【用法示例】 She made a good suggestion about how to improve our study efficiency.（关于如何提高我们的学习效率，她提出了一个很好的建议。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. Can you give me a ______ on how to learn English well? A. suggestion B. advice C. help D. idea 2. I hope you can follow my ______ and exercise more every day. A. suggestions B. advice C. idea D. plan 3. He made a ______ that we should have a picnic this weekend. A. suggestion B. advice C. decision D. choice 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. She made two useful ______ (suggestion) at the meeting. 2. I think his ______ (suggestion) is very helpful and we should follow it. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 他提出了一个关于环保的建议。(make a suggestion) He ______ ______ ______ about environmental protection. 2. 我们应该采纳老师的建议，努力学习。(follow one's suggestion) We should ______ our teacher's ______ and study hard. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. A 【解析】空前有不定冠词a，后接可数名词单数，suggestion（建议，可数名词）符合语法；advice（建议，不可数名词）、help（帮助，不可数名词）、idea（想法，前面需用an）均不符合语法，故选A。 2. A 【解析】follow one's suggestions，表示“采纳某人的建议”，suggestion为可数名词，此处用复数形式更贴合语境；advice虽可表示“建议”，但follow one's advice为固定搭配，选项中无此形式；idea（想法）、plan（计划）不符合句意，故选A。 3. A 【解析】固定搭配make a suggestion that...，表示“提出一个建议……”，符合句意“他提出了一个建议，我们这个周末去野餐”；advice（不可数名词，不能用a修饰）、decision（决定）、choice（选择）均不符合句意，故选A。 二、单句填空 1. suggestions 【解析】空前有two修饰，后接可数名词复数，suggestion的复数形式为suggestions，故填suggestions。 2. suggestion 【解析】根据空后的is可知，此处用单数形式，suggestion用原形即可。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. made a suggestion 【解析】根据句意可知句子为一般过去时，make的过去式为made；“提出一个建议”译为make a suggestion，故填此答案。 2. follow; suggestions 【解析】“采纳”译为follow，“建议”译为suggestion，此处用复数形式suggestions表示泛指，故填此答案。 10. meeting n. 会议，集会 【用法释疑】 指为了讨论问题、交流信息、做出决定等而举行的集体聚会，可分为正式和非正式两种。 【搭配积累】 have a meeting（开会）；hold a meeting（举行会议）；attend a meeting（参加会议）；business meeting（商务会议）；team meeting（团队会议） 【用法示例】 We will have a meeting tomorrow morning to discuss the new project.（我们明天早上开会讨论这个新项目。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. Our company will ______ a meeting next Monday to talk about the new policy. A. have B. hold C. attend D. join 2. I can't go to the party because I have to ______ a meeting this evening. A. have B. hold C. attend D. join 3. The ______ will start at 9 o'clock and last for two hours. A. meeting B. party C. class D. lesson 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. We had a ______ (meet) yesterday and discussed many important things. 2. He is busy preparing for the ______ (meet) that will be held tomorrow. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 我们每天早上都开短会。(have a meeting) We ______ ______ ______ every morning. 2. 他昨天没有参加会议，因为他生病了。(attend a meeting) He didn't ______ ______ ______ yesterday because he was ill. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. B 【解析】固定搭配hold a meeting，表示“举行会议”，符合句意“我们公司下周一将举行会议讨论新政策”；have a meeting（开会，侧重参与）、attend a meeting（参加会议）、join（加入，后接组织、团体）不符合句意，故选B。 2. C 【解析】句意“我不能去参加派对，因为我今晚要参加一个会议”，attend a meeting，表示“参加会议”，侧重出席；have a meeting（开会，侧重主持或参与）、hold a meeting（举行会议，侧重主持）、join（加入，后接组织）不符合句意，故选C。 3. A 【解析】根据后句“9点开始，持续两个小时”可知，此处指的是“会议”，meeting符合语境；party（派对）、class（班级、课）、lesson（课）不符合句意，故选A。 二、单句填空 1. meeting 【解析】空前有不定冠词a，后接可数名词单数，meet的名词形式为meeting，故填meeting。 2. meeting 【解析】此处指“明天将要举行的会议”，meeting为名词，用原形即可，前面有定冠词the修饰，表示特指。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. have a short meeting 【解析】主语为we，谓语动词用原形have；“短会”译为a short meeting，故填此答案。 2. attend the meeting 【解析】空前有助动词didn't，后接动词原形attend；“会议”此处为特指，前面加定冠词the，故填此答案。 11. camp v. 扎营，宿营，露营 【用法释疑】 指在户外搭建帐篷等临时住所，进行宿营、露营活动。 【搭配积累】 camp in the forest（在森林里露营）；camp by the lake（在湖边扎营）；go camping（去露营）；camp out（露天宿营） 【用法示例】 We plan to camp by the lake this weekend.（我们计划这个周末在湖边露营。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. They decided to ______ in the mountains for two days. A. camp B. stay C. live D. work 2. We often go ______ with our friends in summer. A. camp B. camping C. camps D. camped 3. They ______ by the river last night and had a good time. A. camped B. stayed C. lived D. worked 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. We plan to ______ (camp) in the countryside this holiday. 2. They ______ (camp) in the forest last weekend and saw many stars at night. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 我们明天要去公园露营。(go camping) We are going to ______ ______ in the park tomorrow. 2. 他们在海边扎营，享受阳光和海风。(camp by the sea) They ______ ______ ______ and enjoyed the sunshine and sea breeze. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. A 【解析】句意“他们决定在山里露营两天”，camp（露营、扎营）符合语境；stay（停留）、live（居住）、work（工作）均不符合句意，故选A。 2. B 【解析】固定搭配go camping，表示“去露营”，go后接动名词形式，故选B。 3. A 【解析】根据后句“昨晚在河边，玩得很开心”可知，此处指的是“露营”，camp的过去式为camped，符合语境；stayed（停留）、lived（居住）、worked（工作）均不符合句意，故选A。 二、单句填空 1. camp 【解析】plan to do sth.，表示“计划做某事”，此处用动词原形camp。 2. camped 【解析】根据时间状语last weekend可知，句子为一般过去时，camp的过去式为camped，故填camped。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. go camping 【解析】“去露营”译为go camping，为固定短语，be going to后接动词原形，故填此答案。 2. camped by the sea 【解析】根据后句的enjoyed可知，句子为一般过去时，camp的过去式为camped；“在海边扎营”译为camp by the sea，故填此答案。 12. voluntary adj. 志愿的 【搭配积累】 voluntary work 志愿工作；voluntary service 志愿服务；voluntary participation 自愿参与；voluntary help 主动帮助。 【用法示例】 Many young people take part in voluntary work to help those in need.（许多年轻人参与志愿工作来帮助有需要的人。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. There are many ______ workers in the community hospital during the holiday. A. voluntary B. willing C. active D. busy 2. She made a ______ decision to donate half of her savings to the charity. A. forced B. voluntary C. helpless D. sudden 3. Participation in the activity is ______; no one will force you to join. A. necessary B. voluntary C. important D. difficult （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. He spends two hours every week doing ______ (voluntary) work in the old people’s home. 5. All the members of the team offered their ______ (voluntary) help to finish the task ahead of time. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 许多大学生利用暑假做志愿服务。(voluntary) Many college students use their summer vacation to do ______ ______. 7. 他自愿负责组织这次校园活动。(voluntary) He ______ ______ take charge of organizing the campus activity. 答案与解析 1. A 【解析】句意“假期里社区医院有许多志愿工作者”。voluntary 志愿的，符合句意；willing 愿意的；active 积极的；busy 忙碌的，均不符合语境。 2. B 【解析】句意“她自愿决定将一半积蓄捐给慈善机构”。voluntary 自愿的，与 decision 搭配，符合句意；forced 被迫的；helpless 无助的；sudden 突然的，均不符合。 3. B 【解析】句意“参与这项活动是自愿的，没有人会强迫你加入”。voluntary 自愿的，结合后半句“不强迫”，符合语境；necessary 必要的；important 重要的；difficult 困难的，均不符合。 4. voluntary 【解析】此处修饰名词 work，需用形容词 voluntary，意为“志愿工作”，无需变形。 5. voluntary 【解析】此处修饰名词 help，需用形容词 voluntary，意为“主动帮助”，形容词作定语，无需变形。 6. voluntary service 【解析】“志愿服务”对应固定搭配 voluntary service，为可数名词短语，此处用单数形式即可。 7. volunteered to 【解析】“自愿做某事”为 volunteer to do sth.，句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，volunteer 的过去式为 volunteered。 13. cooperation n. 合作，协作 【搭配积累】 in cooperation with 与……合作；cooperation between A and B A与B之间的合作；close cooperation 密切合作；international cooperation 国际合作；promote cooperation 促进合作。 【用法示例】 Our success depends on the close cooperation of all team members.（我们的成功取决于所有团队成员的密切合作。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. We have achieved great progress through the ______ with the local government. A. competition B. cooperation C. communication D. comparison 2. The project can only be completed on time with the full ______ of everyone involved. A. cooperation B. effort C. support D. help 3. Our company is working in ______ with a French company to develop new products. A. connection B. relation C. cooperation D. friendship （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. We appreciate your ______ (cooperation) in solving this problem. 5. The two countries agreed to strengthen ______ (cooperation) in trade and culture. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 我们需要与邻班合作完成这次合唱比赛。(cooperation) We need to have ______ ______ the neighboring class to finish the chorus competition. 7. 这家公司与一家外资企业合作，拓展了海外市场。(cooperation) This company worked ______ ______ a foreign-funded enterprise to expand the overseas market. 答案与解析 1. B 【解析】句意“通过与当地政府的合作，我们取得了巨大进步”。cooperation 合作，符合句意；competition 竞争；communication 交流；comparison 比较，均不符合语境。 2. A 【解析】句意“只有所有相关人员全力配合，这个项目才能按时完成”。cooperation 合作、配合，强调“共同努力”，符合句意；effort 努力；support 支持；help 帮助，均不如 cooperation 贴合语境。 3. C 【解析】句意“我们公司正与一家法国公司合作开发新产品”。in cooperation with 为固定搭配，意为“与……合作”，符合句意；connection 联系；relation 关系；friendship 友谊，均无此搭配。 4. cooperation 【解析】your 后接名词，cooperation 为不可数名词，意为“合作”，无需变形。 5. cooperation 【解析】strengthen 后接名词作宾语，cooperation 为不可数名词，意为“加强合作”，无需变形。 6. cooperation with 【解析】“与……合作”对应固定搭配 cooperation with，cooperation 为不可数名词，直接使用原形。 7. in cooperation with 【解析】“与……合作”的固定表达为 in cooperation with，此处作状语，符合句子结构。 14. shy adj. 羞怯的，腼腆的(尤指在陌生人面前) 【用法释疑】 羞怯的，腼腆的，尤指在陌生人面前或公共场合表现出的紧张、不自在，不愿主动交流的样子；也可指（动物）胆小的。 【搭配积累】 be shy of 害怕……；羞于……；feel shy 感到害羞；shy smile 腼腆的微笑；shy about doing sth. 羞于做某事；a shy girl/boy 腼腆的女孩/男孩。 【用法示例】 The little girl is shy and doesn’t dare to speak to strangers.（这个小女孩很腼腆，不敢和陌生人说话。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The boy is ______ and always hides behind his mother when meeting new people. A. brave B. shy C. outgoing D. friendly 2. She is ______ about singing in public, so she refused our invitation to perform. A. shy B. happy C. excited D. worried 3. Though he looks ______, he is very willing to help others. A. rude B. shy C. angry D. lazy （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. The little boy was too ______ (shy) to answer the teacher’s question in class. 5. She used to be ______ (shy), but now she is very outgoing and makes many friends. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 我的妹妹很腼腆，在陌生人面前从不说话。(shy) My sister is very ______ and never speaks in front of strangers. 7. 他羞于表达自己的想法，所以很少在会议上发言。(shy) He is ______ ______ expressing his ideas, so he seldom speaks in meetings. 答案与解析 1. B 【解析】句意“这个男孩很腼腆，见到陌生人时总是躲在妈妈身后”。shy 腼腆的，符合句意；brave 勇敢的；outgoing 外向的；friendly 友好的，均不符合语境。 2. A 【解析】句意“她羞于在公共场合唱歌，所以拒绝了我们的表演邀请”。be shy about doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“羞于做某事”，符合句意；happy 开心的；excited 兴奋的；worried 担心的，均不符合。 3. B 【解析】句意“虽然他看起来很腼腆，但他非常愿意帮助别人”。shy 腼腆的，符合“外表与内在”的转折关系；rude 粗鲁的；angry 生气的；lazy 懒惰的，均不符合。 4. shy 【解析】too 后接形容词原级，shy 为形容词，意为“太腼腆而不敢……”，无需变形。 5. shy 【解析】be 动词后接形容词作表语，shy 为形容词原级，描述过去的状态，无需变形。 6. shy 【解析】very 后接形容词原级，“腼腆的”对应 shy，直接填空即可。 7. shy about 【解析】“羞于做某事”对应固定搭配 be shy about doing sth.，此处缺少 shy about，符合句子结构。 15. confidence n. 自信，信心 【用法释疑】 指对自己的能力、判断或对他人、事物的信任所产生的坚定信念。 【搭配积累】 have confidence in 对……有信心；gain confidence 获得信心；lose confidence 失去信心；build up confidence 树立信心；with confidence 充满信心地；self-confidence 自信心。 【用法示例】 She has great confidence in her ability to finish the task successfully.（她对自己成功完成任务的能力充满信心。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. Practicing speaking English every day can help you gain more ______. A. confidence B. courage C. energy D. experience 2. Don’t lose ______; you will succeed if you keep trying. A. heart B. confidence C. hope D. interest 3. She spoke in front of the whole class ______ confidence. A. with B. in C. for D. about （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. The teacher’s praise helped the student build up his ______ (confidence). 5. We all have ______ (confidence) in our team’s ability to win the game. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 你应该对自己有信心，不要害怕犯错。(confidence) You should ______ ______ ______ yourself and not be afraid of making mistakes. 7. 通过不断练习，他逐渐树立了学习英语的信心。(confidence) Through constant practice, he gradually ______ ______ ______ in learning English. 答案与解析 1. A 【解析】句意“每天练习说英语能帮助你获得更多自信”。confidence 自信，符合句意；courage 勇气；energy 能量；experience 经验，均不符合语境。 2. B 【解析】句意“不要失去信心，只要你坚持尝试，就会成功”。lose confidence 为固定搭配，意为“失去信心”，符合句意；lose heart 灰心；lose hope 失去希望；lose interest 失去兴趣，均不符合。 3. A 【解析】句意“她充满信心地在全班同学面前发言”。with confidence 为固定搭配，意为“充满信心地”，作状语，符合句意；其他介词无此搭配。 4. confidence 【解析】his 后接名词，confidence 为不可数名词，意为“树立信心”，无需变形。 5. confidence 【解析】have confidence in 为固定搭配，confidence 为不可数名词，意为“对……有信心”，无需变形。 6. have confidence in 【解析】“对……有信心”对应固定搭配 have confidence in，should 后接动词原形，直接使用即可。 7. built up confidence 【解析】“树立信心”对应固定搭配 build up confidence，句子描述过去发生的过程，用一般过去时，build 的过去式为 built。 16. noon n. 正午，中午 【搭配积累】 at noon 在正午；by noon 到中午为止；noon break 午休；noon meal 午餐；from morning till noon 从早上到中午。 【用法示例】 We usually have lunch at noon.（我们通常在中午吃午饭。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The sun is the hottest ______ noon in summer. A. in B. on C. at D. for 2. We plan to finish the work ______ noon, so we need to work harder. A. by B. at C. in D. on 3. They will have a meeting from 11 a.m. to ______ noon. A. a B. an C. the D. / （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. We will gather at the school gate ______ (noon) tomorrow. 5. By ______ (noon), all the students had finished their homework. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 我们约定明天中午在公园门口见面。(noon) We agreed to meet at the park gate ______ ______ tomorrow. 7. 到中午为止，他们已经走了大约十公里。(noon) ______ ______, they had walked about ten kilometers. 答案与解析 1. C 【解析】句意“夏天正午的太阳最热”。noon 为具体时刻，前面用介词 at，at noon 为固定搭配，意为“在正午”，符合语法规则。 2. A 【解析】句意“我们计划到中午为止完成这项工作，所以我们需要更努力”。by noon 意为“到中午为止”，通常与完成时连用，符合句意；at noon 在正午；in/on 不与 noon 搭配表“到……为止”。 3. D 【解析】句意“他们将从上午11点开会到正午”。noon 为不可数名词，且此处为泛指“正午”，前面不加冠词，故选 D。 4. at noon 【解析】“在中午”对应固定搭配 at noon，此处作时间状语，需补充介词 at，noon 无需变形。 5. noon 【解析】by 后接名词，noon 为不可数名词，意为“到中午为止”，无需变形，句子用过去完成时，符合语境。 6. at noon 【解析】“在中午”对应固定搭配 at noon，此处作时间状语，直接填空即可。 7. By noon 【解析】“到中午为止”对应固定搭配 by noon，位于句首时首字母大写，符合句子时态（过去完成时）和语境。 17. climber n. 登山者，登山运动员 【搭配积累】 a mountain climber 登山运动员；professional climber 职业登山者；amateur climber 业余登山者；experienced climber 有经验的登山者；climber’s equipment 登山者的装备。 【用法示例】 The experienced climber successfully reached the top of the mountain.（这位有经验的登山者成功登上了山顶。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. Only a brave ______ can climb the highest mountain in the world. A. runner B. climber C. swimmer D. walker 2. The ______ took a rest after climbing for three hours. A. climbers B. teachers C. doctors D. farmers 3. He dreams of becoming a professional ______ when he grows up. A. climber B. driver C. pilot D. artist （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. Many ______ (climber) came to this mountain to challenge themselves every year. 5. The ______ (climber) equipment must be checked carefully before climbing. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 这些登山者准备明天一早就出发。 These ______ are ready to set off early tomorrow morning. 7. 一位经验丰富的登山者带领我们登上了山顶。 An experienced ______ led us to the top of the mountain. 答案与解析 1. B 【解析】句意“只有勇敢的登山者才能登上世界最高峰”。climber 登山者，符合句意；runner 跑步者；swimmer 游泳者；walker 步行者，均不符合语境。 2. A 【解析】句意“登山者们攀登了三个小时后休息了一下”。climbers 登山者（复数），结合“攀登”语境，符合句意；teachers 教师；doctors 医生；farmers 农民，均不符合。 3. A 【解析】句意“他长大后梦想成为一名职业登山运动员”。professional climber 职业登山者，符合句意；driver 司机；pilot 飞行员；artist 艺术家，均不符合。 4. climbers 【解析】many 后接可数名词复数，climber 的复数形式为 climbers，意为“许多登山者”。 5. climber’s 【解析】此处修饰名词 equipment，需用名词所有格，climber 的所有格为 climber’s，意为“登山者的装备”（泛指，用单数所有格即可）。 6. climbers 【解析】these 后接可数名词复数，“登山者”的复数形式为 climbers，直接填空即可。 7. climber 【解析】an 后接可数名词单数，“登山者”的单数形式为 climber，符合句子结构。 18. roof n. 顶，顶部 【用法释疑】 指建筑物、车辆等最上面的部分；也可泛指任何物体的最顶端。 【搭配积累】 on the roof 在屋顶上；roof of the house 屋顶；roof of the car 车顶；the roof of the world 世界屋脊；repair the roof 修理屋顶；top roof 顶层屋顶。 【用法示例】 There are some birds singing on the roof of our house.（我们家的屋顶上有一些鸟在唱歌。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The rain is leaking because the ______ of the house is broken. A. wall B. roof C. door D. window 2. Some children are playing ______ the roof, which is very dangerous. A. on B. in C. at D. under 3. The ______ of the car was damaged in the accident. A. roof B. floor C. seat D. wheel （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. There is a big tree beside the house, and its branches reach the ______ (roof). 5. We need to repair the ______ (roof) before the rainy season comes. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 猫跳到了屋顶上，怎么也下来不了。 The cat jumped onto the ______ and couldn’t get down. 7. 他们在屋顶上安装了太阳能板。 They installed solar panels ______ ______ ______. 答案与解析 1. B 【解析】句意“因为屋顶坏了，所以雨水在漏水”。roof 屋顶，结合“雨水漏水”的语境，符合句意；wall 墙；door 门；window 窗户，均不符合。 2. A 【解析】句意“一些孩子在屋顶上玩耍，这非常危险”。“在屋顶上”用介词 on，on the roof 为固定搭配，符合句意；其他介词无此用法。 3. A 【解析】句意“汽车的车顶在事故中损坏了”。roof of the car 车顶，符合句意；floor 地板；seat 座位；wheel 轮子，均不符合语境。 4. roof 【解析】the 后接名词，roof 为可数名词，此处特指“这所房子的屋顶”，用单数形式即可，无需变形。 5. roof 【解析】repair 后接名词作宾语，roof 为可数名词，此处特指“需要修理的屋顶”，用单数形式，无需变形。 6. roof 【解析】the 后接名词单数，“屋顶”对应 roof，直接填空即可。 7. on the roof 【解析】“在屋顶上”对应固定搭配 on the roof，此处作地点状语，直接填空即可。 19. lower v. 把(某物)移低，降下 【用法释疑】 指使物体的位置、高度、数量、程度等下降。 【搭配积累】 lower sth. down 把某物降下；lower the price 降价；lower the voice 压低声音；lower the flag 降旗；lower one’s head 低下头；lower the temperature 降低温度。 【用法示例】 He lowered his voice so that no one else could hear their conversation.（他压低了声音，这样其他人就听不到他们的谈话了。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. Please ______ the window a little; it’s too hot in the room. A. lower B. raise C. open D. close 2. The shop ______ the price of the clothes to attract more customers. A. raised B. lowered C. kept D. increased 3. When he saw his teacher, he ______ his head and said hello politely. A. raised B. shook C. lowered D. nodded （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. She ______ (lower) her head and cried when she heard the bad news. 5. The government decided to ______ (lower) the tax rate to help small businesses. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 请把音量调低一点，不要打扰到别人。 Please ______ ______ the volume so as not to disturb others. 7. 他们在日落时降下了国旗。 They ______ ______ ______ at sunset. 答案与解析 1. A 【解析】句意“请把窗户降下一点，房间里太热了”。lower 降下，符合“降温”的语境；raise 举起；open 打开；close 关闭，均不符合。 2. B 【解析】句意“这家商店降低了衣服的价格来吸引更多顾客”。lower the price 为固定搭配，意为“降价”，符合句意；raised 提高；kept 保持；increased 增加，均不符合。 3. C 【解析】句意“当他看到老师时，他低下头，礼貌地打招呼”。lower one’s head 为固定搭配，意为“低下头”，符合句意；raised 举起；shook 摇动；nodded 点头，均不符合。 4. lowered 【解析】句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，lower 的过去式为 lowered。 5. lower 【解析】decide to do sth. 为固定搭配，to 后接动词原形，故填 lower。 6. lower down 【解析】“把……调低”对应固定搭配 lower down，please 后接动词原形，直接填空即可。 7. lowered the flag 【解析】“降旗”对应固定搭配 lower the flag，句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，lower 的过去式为 lowered。 20. painful adj. 令人痛苦的 【搭配积累】 painful experience 痛苦的经历；painful wound 疼痛的伤口；painful memory 痛苦的回忆；painful decision 艰难痛苦的决定；be painful to do sth. 做某事很痛苦。 【用法示例】 Losing his best friend was a painful experience for him.（失去最好的朋友对他来说是一次痛苦的经历。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The wound on his leg is still ______, so he can’t walk quickly. A. painful B. happy C. excited D. comfortable 2. She had a ______ memory of her childhood and never talked about it. A. sweet B. painful C. wonderful D. interesting 3. It is ______ to say goodbye to someone you love deeply. A. easy B. painful C. boring D. exciting （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. The old man often thinks of his ______ (painful) past and feels sad. 5. Her legs were ______ (painful) after running a long distance. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 那次失败对他来说是一次令人痛苦的经历。 That failure was a ______ ______ for him. 7. 走路时，他的脚很痛。 His foot was very ______ when he walked. 答案与解析 1. A 【解析】句意“他腿上的伤口仍然很痛，所以他不能走得太快”。painful 疼痛的，符合“伤口”和“不能快走”的语境；happy 开心的；excited 兴奋的；comfortable 舒适的，均不符合。 2. B 【解析】句意“她有一段痛苦的童年回忆，从不谈论它”。painful 痛苦的，结合“不谈论”的语境，符合句意；sweet 甜蜜的；wonderful 精彩的；interesting 有趣的，均不符合。 3. B 【解析】句意“和你深爱的人说再见是令人痛苦的”。painful 令人痛苦的，符合句意；easy 容易的；boring 无聊的；exciting 兴奋的，均不符合。 4. painful 【解析】此处修饰名词 past，需用形容词 painful，意为“痛苦的过去”，无需变形。 5. painful 【解析】be 动词后接形容词作表语，painful 为形容词，意为“疼痛的”，描述跑完步后的状态，无需变形。 6. painful experience 【解析】“令人痛苦的经历”对应 painful experience，a 后接可数名词单数，直接填空即可。 7. painful 【解析】very 后接形容词原级，“疼痛的”对应 painful，直接填空即可。 21. rope n. 绳，粗绳，绳索，缆 【搭配积累】 a piece of rope 一根绳子；climbing rope 登山绳；tie with a rope 用绳子捆绑；rope bridge 索桥；pull the rope 拉绳子；cut the rope 剪断绳子。 【用法示例】 He used a rope to tie the box tightly.（他用一根绳子把箱子紧紧捆住。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The climbers used a strong ______ to climb up the steep mountain. A. rope B. stick C. stone D. knife 2. She bought a ______ to tie the vegetables in the basket. A. rope B. paper C. pen D. book 3. There is a ______ bridge over the river in the small village. A. wood B. rope C. stone D. brick （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. He took out a piece of ______ (rope) and tied the broken chair together. 5. The workers used two ______ (rope) to pull the heavy box to the truck. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 请给我一根绳子，我要把这些书捆起来。 Please give me ______ ______ ______ rope; I want to tie these books together. 7. 登山者们用登山绳安全地到达了山脚。 The climbers safely reached the foot of the mountain with the ______ ______. 答案与解析 1. A 【解析】句意“登山者们用一根结实的绳子爬上了陡峭的山”。rope 绳子，结合“登山”语境，符合句意；stick 棍子；stone 石头；knife 刀，均不符合。 2. A 【解析】句意“她买了一根绳子来捆篮子里的蔬菜”。rope 绳子，符合“捆绑”的语境；paper 纸；pen 钢笔；book 书，均不符合。 3. B 【解析】句意“这个小村庄的河上有一座索桥”。rope bridge 索桥，为固定搭配，符合句意；wood 木头；stone 石头；brick 砖头，均不符合。 4. rope 【解析】a piece of 后接不可数名词或可数名词单数，rope 此处为不可数名词，意为“一根绳子”，无需变形。 5. ropes 【解析】two 后接可数名词复数，rope 为可数名词时，复数形式为 ropes，意为“两根绳子”。 6. a piece of 【解析】“一根绳子”对应固定表达 a piece of rope，rope 此处为不可数名词，需用 piece 修饰。 7. climbing rope 【解析】“登山绳”对应固定搭配 climbing rope，此处为特指，用单数形式即可。 22. effort n. 努力 【搭配积累】 make an effort 努力，尽力；make every effort 尽一切努力；with effort 努力地；without effort 毫不费力地；effort to do sth. 努力做某事；joint effort 共同努力。 【用法示例】 With his great effort, he finally passed the difficult exam.（通过他的巨大努力，他终于通过了这次困难的考试。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. Your ______ will pay off; you will get good grades if you keep working hard. A. effort B. money C. time D. energy 2. We should make every ______ to protect our environment. A. decision B. effort C. plan D. choice 3. He finished the work ______ great effort, because it was very difficult. A. with B. without C. for D. about （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. She made a lot of ______ (effort) to improve her spoken English. 5. With the joint ______ (effort) of all family members, they solved the problem. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 他努力学习，希望能考上理想的大学。 He ______ ______ ______ to study hard, hoping to enter his ideal university. 7. 只要我们共同努力，就一定能克服困难。 As long as we make ______ ______, we will surely overcome the difficulties. 答案与解析 1. A 【解析】句意“你的努力会有回报的，如果你继续努力，就会取得好成绩”。effort 努力，符合句意；money 钱；time 时间；energy 能量，均不符合语境。 2. B 【解析】句意“我们应该尽一切努力保护我们的环境”。make every effort 为固定搭配，意为“尽一切努力”，符合句意；decision 决定；plan 计划；choice 选择，均不符合。 3. A 【解析】句意“他付出了巨大的努力才完成这项工作，因为它非常困难”。with great effort 为固定搭配，意为“付出巨大努力”，符合句意；without effort 毫不费力地，与语境相反；其他介词无此搭配。 4. efforts 【解析】a lot of 后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，effort 作“努力”讲时，既可数也不可数，此处用复数 efforts 更常用，意为“很多努力”。 5. efforts 【解析】joint 后接名词，effort 作“共同努力”讲时，常用复数形式 efforts，joint efforts 意为“共同努力”。 6. makes an effort 【解析】“努力做某事”对应固定搭配 make an effort to do sth.，句子主语为 He，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 makes。 7. joint efforts 【解析】“共同努力”对应固定搭配 joint efforts，此处用复数形式，符合句子结构。 23. north n. 北，北方 【搭配积累】 in the north（在北方，指在某一范围内部的北部）；to the north（在北方，指在某一范围外部的北部，不接壤）；on the north（在北方，指在某一范围外部的北部，接壤）；north of...（在……的北边）；from the north（来自北方） 【用法示例】 There are many beautiful cities in the north of China.（译文：中国的北方有许多美丽的城市。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1．Which direction is the north? It is ______ of us. A. on the left B. on the right C. in front D. behind 2．There is a big forest ______ the north of our town. A. in B. to C. on D. at 3．The wind from the ______ is very cold in winter. A. south B. north C. east D. west （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4．The city lies in the ______（north）part of the country. 5．We will travel to the ______（north）cities next month. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6．我的家乡在这个城市的北边。 My hometown is ______ ______ this city. 7．北方的冬天经常下雪。 It often snows in ______ ______ in winter. 答案与解析 （一）单项选择 答案：1.A 2.B 3.B 解析： 1. 句意：北方是哪个方向？它在我们的左边。结合常识，北方通常在人们的左手边，A选项“在左边”符合题意；B选项“在右边”、C选项“在前面”、D选项“在后面”均不符合常识，故选A。 2. 句意：我们镇的北边有一片大森林。此处森林在镇子范围之外，且未提及接壤，to the north表示“在……外部的北边”，符合题意；in the north表示“在……内部的北边”；on the north表示“在……外部的北边且接壤”；at不与north搭配表示“在……北边”，故选B。 3. 句意：冬天来自北方的风非常冷。结合常识，北方的风在冬天通常很冷，B选项north（北方）符合题意；A选项south（南方）、C选项east（东方）、D选项west（西方）均不符合语境，故选B。 （二）单句填空 答案：4.northern 5.northern 解析： 4. 句意：这座城市位于这个国家的北部地区。此处需用形容词修饰名词part（地区），north的形容词形式是northern（北方的），故填northern。 5. 句意：下个月我们将去北方的城市旅行。此处需用形容词修饰名词cities（城市），north的形容词形式是northern（北方的），故填northern。 （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 答案：6.north of 7.the north 解析： 6. “在……的北边”可译为north of...，为固定搭配，无需加冠词，故填north of。 7. “北方”可译为the north，此处特指“北方地区”，需加定冠词the，故填the north。 24. base n. 基地，根据地，总部，大本营 【搭配积累】 military base（军事基地）；base camp（大本营，基地营）；headquarters base（总部基地）；research base（研究基地）；set up a base（建立基地）；at the base（在基地）；base of...（……的基础/基地） 【用法示例】 The company has its base in Beijing.（译文：这家公司的总部设在北京。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1．The army built a new ______ in the mountain area. A. base B. house C. school D. hospital 2．Our team’s ______ is in the center of the city, so it’s easy for us to gather. A. home B. base C. family D. room 3．This small village is the ______ of the famous writer’s childhood. A. base B. place C. town D. village （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4．They plan to set up a new research ______（base）in the countryside. 5．The company’s head ______（base）is located in Shanghai. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6．他们在那个岛上建立了一个军事基地。 They built a ______ ______ on that island. 7．这家公司的大本营在中国南方。 The company’s ______ is in the south of China. 答案与解析 （一）单项选择 答案：1.A 2.B 3.A 解析： 1. 句意：军队在山区建立了一个新基地。结合主语army（军队），此处应填与军事相关的“基地”，A选项base（基地）符合题意；B选项house（房子）、C选项school（学校）、D选项hospital（医院）均与军队语境不符，故选A。 2. 句意：我们团队的大本营在市中心，所以我们很容易集合。结合语境，团队集合的中心场所应为“基地、大本营”，B选项base（基地，大本营）符合题意；A选项home（家）、C选项family（家庭）、D选项room（房间）均不符合语境，故选B。 3. 句意：这个小村庄是这位著名作家童年的根基（发源地）。此处指作家童年的“根基、发源地”，base可引申为“根基”，符合题意；B选项place（地方）、C选项town（城镇）、D选项village（村庄）均无“根基”之意，故选A。 （二）单句填空 答案：4.base 5.base 解析： 4. 句意：他们计划在农村建立一个新的研究基地。research base为固定搭配，意为“研究基地”，前面有不定冠词a修饰，故填base（原形）。 5. 句意：这家公司的总部设在上海。head base为固定搭配，意为“总部基地”，此处为单数形式，故填base（原形）。 （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 答案：6.military base 7.base 解析： 6. “军事基地”译为military base，为固定搭配，前面有不定冠词a修饰，故填military base。 7. “大本营”对应词汇base，前面有定冠词the修饰，特指这家公司的大本营，故填base。 ◇Part 03 词汇强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 单项选择 1. The film was great, and we all admired the ______ for his wonderful storytelling. A. doctor B. director C. teacher D. farmer 2. We are going to put on a ______ at the school hall next month. A. drama B. sport C. meal D. trip 3. A good ______ should be able to lead the team to achieve goals. A. follower B. leader C. listener D. speaker 4. She played an important ______ in the school play and did a great job. A. role B. game C. song D. story 5. When the teacher called his name, he ______ for a moment and then stood up. A. ran B. froze C. laughed D. cried 6. There was complete ______ in the room after the exciting news was announced. A. noise B. silence C. music D. rain 7. The weather was ______ yesterday, so we had to cancel our picnic. A. perfect B. awful C. warm D. sunny 8. My parents often ______ me to read more books in my free time. A. advise B. force C. allow D. forbid 9. —Is this pen ______? —Yes, it’s mine. Thank you for finding it. A. his B. hers C. yours D. theirs 10. Success in this project depends on good ______ between team members. A. argument B. teamwork C. competition D. discussion 11. One of her main ______ is her ability to communicate with people easily. A. weaknesses B. strengths C. fears D. doubts 12. We should face our ______ bravely and try to improve ourselves. A. strengths B. advantages C. weaknesses D. talents 13. The ______ of that country visited our city last week and received a warm welcome. A. king B. queen C. president D. prime minister 14. All the members will ______ on the new plan at the meeting tomorrow. A. vote B. fight C. talk D. think 15. Do you have any ______ on how to learn English well? A. suggestions B. problems C. worries D. hobbies 16. Our class will have a ______ to discuss the school trip arrangement this afternoon. A. party B. meeting C. picnic D. lesson 17. Tom was chosen as the ______ of the basketball team because of his excellent skills. A. captain B. coach C. fan D. player 18. We plan to ______ by the lake this weekend and enjoy the beautiful nature. A. fish B. camp C. swim D. hike 19. My friends and I decided to ______ in the mountain next month. A. go shopping B. go camping C. go swimming D. go skating 20. She used a red ______ to tie the books together so that they wouldn’t fall apart. A. pen B. tape C. ruler D. pencil 21. Many students take part in ______ work to help people in need during holidays. A. easy B. busy C. voluntary D. difficult 22. ______ between different departments is necessary to finish the task on time. A. Cooperation B. Disagreement C. Difference D. Distance 23. The little girl is very ______ and doesn’t dare to speak in front of strangers. A. shy B. brave C. outgoing D. confident 24. With the support of her family, she gained more ______ to speak in public. A. confidence B. fear C. sadness D. anger 25. We agreed to meet at the school gate at ______ tomorrow to start our trip. A. midnight B. noon C. dawn D. dusk 26. Those experienced ______ spent three days climbing the high mountain. A. swimmers B. climbers C. runners D. singers 27. The ______ of the house is covered with red tiles, which look very beautiful. A. floor B. wall C. roof D. door 28. Tibet is known as the “______” because it’s one of the highest places in the world. A. roof of the world B. window of the world C. door of the world D. heart of the world 29. There is a ______ building in the center of the city. A. thirty-metre-high B. thirty-metres-high C. thirty-metre high D. thirty metres high 30. He climbed up the ______ to fix the light on the ceiling. A. chair B. table C. ladder D. box 31. My ______ helped me a lot when I fell behind in the team project. A. classmates B. teammates C. relatives D. neighbors 32. Please ______ your voice so that everyone in the room can hear you clearly. A. lower B. raise C. keep D. change 33. The wound on his leg was ______, but he still kept running to the finish line. A. painful B. comfortable C. peaceful D. enjoyable 34. They used a strong ______ to pull the car out of the mud. A. rope B. stick C. stone D. branch 35. She made every ______ to pass the exam, and finally she succeeded. A. mistake B. effort C. decision D. choice 36. The wind is blowing from the ______, so it’s quite cold today. A. south B. north C. east D. west 37. The army set up a ______ in the forest to carry out the training. A. school B. hospital C. base D. factory 38. Before climbing the highest peak, the climbers stayed at the ______ to rest and prepare. A. base camp B. hotel C. village D. station 39. ______ is a dangerous but exciting sport that requires a lot of skills and courage. A. Swimming B. Mountaineering C. Cycling D. Running 40. His ______ in planning helped the team avoid many problems during the project. A. weakness B. strength C. interest D. hobby 答案及解析 1. B 【解析】句意“这部电影很棒，我们都钦佩这位导演出色的叙事能力”。A项“医生”，B项“导演”，C项“老师”，D项“农民”。结合“film”和“storytelling”，可知“director”符合语境。 2. A 【解析】句意“下个月我们要在学校礼堂上演一部戏剧”。A项“戏剧”，B项“运动”，C项“一餐饭”，D项“旅行”。“put on a drama”表示“上演戏剧”，是固定搭配，符合题意。 3. B 【解析】句意“一个好的领导者应该能够带领团队实现目标”。A项“追随者”，B项“领导者”，C项“倾听者”，D项“演讲者”。根据“lead the team”，可知“leader”正确。 4. A 【解析】句意“她在校园剧中扮演了一个重要角色，表现得非常好”。A项“角色”，B项“游戏”，C项“歌曲”，D项“故事”。“play a role in”是固定短语，意为“在……中扮演角色”，故选A。 5. B 【解析】句意“当老师叫他的名字时，他愣了一下然后站了起来”。A项“跑”，B项“突然停止；呆住”，C项“笑”，D项“哭”。结合语境，“froze”符合“瞬间停顿”的含义。 6. B 【解析】句意“这个令人兴奋的消息宣布后，房间里一片寂静”。A项“噪音”，B项“沉默，缄默”，C项“音乐”，D项“雨”。“complete silence”表示“一片寂静”，符合语境。 7. B 【解析】句意“昨天天气很糟糕，所以我们不得不取消野餐”。A项“完美的”，B项“糟糕的，恶劣的”，C项“温暖的”，D项“晴朗的”。根据“cancel our picnic”，可知天气不好，故选B。 8. A 【解析】句意“我的父母经常建议我在空闲时间多读书”。A项“建议”，B项“强迫”，C项“允许”，D项“禁止”。“advise sb. to do sth.”表示“建议某人做某事”，符合句意。 9. C 【解析】句意“——这支笔是你的吗？——是的，是我的。谢谢你找到它”。A项“他的”，B项“她的”，C项“你的”，D项“他们的”。根据答语“it’s mine”，可知问句询问“是否是你的”，故选C。 10. B 【解析】句意“这个项目的成功取决于团队成员之间的良好合作”。A项“争论”，B项“合作，协作”，C项“竞争”，D项“讨论”。结合“success”和“between team members”，“teamwork”符合逻辑。 11. B 【解析】句意“她的主要优点之一是善于与人沟通”。A项“弱点”，B项“优点，长处”，C项“恐惧”，D项“怀疑”。“ability to communicate”是优点，故选B。 12. C 【解析】句意“我们应该勇敢面对自己的弱点，并努力提升自己”。A项“优点”，B项“优势”，C项“弱点，缺点”，D项“天赋”。根据“face”和“improve ourselves”，可知是面对“弱点”，故选C。 13. B 【解析】句意“那个国家的女王上周访问了我们的城市，受到了热烈欢迎”。A项“国王”，B项“女王”，C项“总统”，D项“首相”。结合选项，“queen”符合“国家元首”的指代，故选B。 14. A 【解析】句意“所有成员将在明天的会议上就新计划进行投票表决”。A项“投票，表决”，B项“打架”，C项“谈论”，D项“思考”。“vote on”表示“就……投票”，符合会议场景，故选A。 15. A 【解析】句意“关于如何学好英语，你有什么建议吗？”。A项“建议，提议”，B项“问题”，C项“担忧”，D项“爱好”。结合“how to learn English well”，可知是询问“建议”，故选A。 16. B 【解析】句意“今天下午我们班将开一个会来讨论学校旅行的安排”。A项“派对”，B项“会议，集会”，C项“野餐”，D项“课程”。“have a meeting to discuss”表示“开会讨论”，符合语境。 17. A 【解析】句意“汤姆因为出色的技术被选为篮球队队长”。A项“队长，组长”，B项“教练”，C项“粉丝”，D项“运动员”。“captain of the team”表示“球队队长”，故选A。 18. B 【解析】句意“我们计划这个周末去湖边露营，欣赏美丽的自然风光”。A项“钓鱼”，B项“扎营，宿营”，C项“游泳”，D项“徒步旅行”。结合“by the lake”和“enjoy nature”，“camp”符合题意。 19. B 【解析】句意“我和我的朋友们决定下个月去山里露营”。A项“购物”，B项“去露营”，C项“游泳”，D项“滑冰”。“go camping”是固定短语，且“in the mountain”适合露营场景，故选B。 20. B 【解析】句意“她用一根红带子把书捆在一起，这样它们就不会散开了”。A项“钢笔”，B项“带子，线带”，C项“尺子”，D项“铅笔”。根据“tie the books”，可知“tape”符合“捆扎用的带子”的含义。 21. C 【解析】句意“许多学生在假期参加志愿工作来帮助有需要的人”。A项“容易的”，B项“忙碌的”，C项“志愿的”，D项“困难的”。“voluntary work”表示“志愿工作”，是固定搭配，故选C。 22. A 【解析】句意“不同部门之间的合作对于按时完成任务是必要的”。A项“合作，协作”，B项“分歧”，C项“差异”，D项“距离”。结合“finish the task on time”，“cooperation”是必要条件，故选A。 23. A 【解析】句意“这个小女孩很腼腆，不敢在陌生人面前说话”。A项“羞怯的，腼腆的”，B项“勇敢的”，C项“外向的”，D项“自信的”。根据“doesn’t dare to speak in front of strangers”，可知“shy”符合语境。 24. A 【解析】句意“在家人的支持下，她获得了更多在公众面前讲话的自信”。A项“自信，信心”，B项“恐惧”，C项“悲伤”，D项“愤怒”。“gain confidence”表示“获得自信”，符合“支持带来的积极影响”，故选A。 25. B 【解析】句意“我们约定明天中午在学校门口见面，开始我们的旅行”。A项“午夜”，B项“正午，中午”，C项“黎明”，D项“黄昏”。结合旅行出发的常见时间，“noon”符合逻辑。 26. B 【解析】句意“那些有经验的登山者花了三天时间爬上了那座高山”。A项“游泳者”，B项“登山者，登山运动员”，C项“跑步者”，D项“歌手”。根据“climbing the high mountain”，可知“climbers”正确。 27. C 【解析】句意“这所房子的屋顶覆盖着红瓦，看起来非常漂亮”。A项“地板”，B项“墙”，C项“顶，顶部”，D项“门”。“roof of the house”表示“屋顶”，符合“覆盖瓦片”的场景，故选C。 28. A 【解析】句意“西藏被称为‘世界屋脊’，因为它是世界上最高的地方之一”。“the roof of the world”是固定表达，意为“世界屋脊”，专门指代西藏等高原地区，故选A。 29. A 【解析】句意“市中心有一座三十米高的建筑”。复合形容词“数词-名词单数-形容词”用于修饰名词，“thirty-metre-high”是正确形式，B项“metres”多余，C项缺少连字符，D项是名词短语，不能直接修饰名词，故选A。 30. C 【解析】句意“他爬上梯子去修理天花板上的灯”。A项“椅子”，B项“桌子”，C项“梯子”，D项“盒子”。结合“climb up”和“fix the light on the ceiling”，“ladder”是合适的工具，故选C。 31. B 【解析】句意“当我在团队项目中落后时，我的队友帮了我很多”。A项“同学”，B项“队友”，C项“亲戚”，D项“邻居”。根据“team project”，可知是“teammate”提供帮助，故选B。 32. A 【解析】句意“请降低你的声音，这样房间里的每个人都能清楚地听到你说话”。A项“把……移低，降下”，B项“提高”，C项“保持”，D项“改变”。根据“everyone can hear you clearly”，可知需要“降低声音”，故选A。 33. A 【解析】句意“他腿上的伤口很疼，但他仍然坚持跑到了终点线”。A项“令人痛苦的”，B项“舒适的”，C项“平静的”，D项“令人愉快的”。结合“wound”和“but”表转折，“painful”符合语境。 34. A 【解析】句意“他们用一根结实的绳子把车从泥里拉了出来”。A项“绳，粗绳”，B项“棍子”，C项“石头”，D项“树枝”。“pull the car out of the mud”需要“rope”，故选A。 35. B 【解析】句意“她尽一切努力通过考试，最后她成功了”。A项“错误”，B项“努力”，C项“决定”，D项“选择”。“make every effort”是固定短语，意为“尽一切努力”，符合句意。 36. B 【解析】句意“风从北方吹来，所以今天相当冷”。A项“南方”，B项“北，北方”，C项“东方”，D项“西方”。北方吹来的风通常较冷，故选B。 37. C 【解析】句意“军队在森林里建立了一个基地来开展训练”。A项“学校”，B项“医院”，C项“基地，根据地”，D项“工厂”。“set up a base”表示“建立基地”，符合军队训练的场景，故选C。 38. A 【解析】句意“在攀登最高峰之前，登山者们留在大本营休息和准备”。A项“（登山）大本营”，B项“酒店”，C项“村庄”，D项“车站”。“base camp”是登山专用术语，符合语境，故选A。 39. B 【解析】句意“登山运动是一项危险但令人兴奋的运动，需要大量的技能和勇气”。A项“游泳”，B项“登山运动”，C项“骑自行车”，D项“跑步”。结合“dangerous”“skills and courage”，“mountaineering”符合描述，故选B。 40. B 【解析】句意“他在规划方面的长处帮助团队在项目期间避免了许多问题”。A项“弱点”，B项“优点，长处”，C项“兴趣”，D项“爱好”。“help avoid many problems”体现的是“长处”，故选B。 $2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固（外研版2024) Unit 3 What makes a great team?词汇讲练 目录 第一部分 单元词汇清单锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 核心词汇讲练用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 词汇强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 单元词汇清单 Unit 3 单元词汇背诵清单 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 director n.导演 drama n.戏剧 leader n.领导者 role n.角色 freeze v.突然停止；呆住 silence n.沉默，缄默 awful adj. 糟糕的，恶劣的；讨厌的 advise v.建议 yours pron.你的 teamwork n.合作，协作，配合 strength n.优点，长处，优势 weakness n.弱点，缺点，不足 queen n.女王 vote v.投票，表决 suggestion n.建议，提议 meeting n.会议，集会 captain n.队长，组长 camp v.扎营，宿营，露营 go camping(尤指到山上或森林里)去露营 tape n.(划分地界或捆扎东西等用的)带子，线带 voluntary adj.志愿的 cooperation n.合作，协作 shy adj.羞怯的，腼腆的(尤指在陌生人面前) confidence n.自信，信心 noon n.正午，中午 climber n.登山者，登山运动员 roof n.顶，顶部 the “roof of the world”世界屋脊 thirty-metre-high adj.三十米高的 ladder n.梯子 teammate n.队友 lower v.把(某物)移低，降下 painful adj.令人痛苦的 rope n.绳，粗绳，绳索，缆 effort n.努力 make every effort 尽一切努力 north n.北，北方 base n.基地，根据地，总部，大本营 base camp(登山)大本营 mountaineering n.登山运动 Unit 3 单元词汇默写清单 ____________n.导演 ____________n.戏剧 ____________n.领导者 ____________n.角色 ____________v.突然停止；呆住 ____________n.沉默，缄默 ____________adj. 糟糕的，恶劣的；讨厌的 ____________v.建议 ____________pron.你的 ____________n.合作，协作，配合 ____________n.优点，长处，优势 ____________n.弱点，缺点，不足 ____________n.女王 ____________v.投票，表决 ____________n.建议，提议 ____________n.会议，集会 ____________ n.队长，组长 ____________v.扎营，宿营，露营 ____________(尤指到山上或森林里)去露营 ____________n.(划分地界或捆扎东西等用的)带子，线带 ____________ adj.志愿的 ____________n.合作，协作 ____________adj.羞怯的，腼腆的(尤指在陌生人面前) ____________ n.自信，信心 ____________n.正午，中午 ____________n.登山者，登山运动员 ____________n.顶，顶部 ____________世界屋脊 ____________adj.三十米高的 ____________ n.梯子 ____________n.队友 ____________v.把(某物)移低，降下 ____________adj.令人痛苦的 ____________ n.绳，粗绳，绳索，缆 ____________ n.努力 ____________尽一切努力 ____________n.北，北方 ____________n.基地，根据地，总部，大本营 ____________(登山)大本营 ____________ n.登山运动 ◇Part 02 核心词汇讲练 1. role n. 角色 【用法释疑】 指人在社会、家庭、戏剧、电影等中所扮演的身份、承担的责任或发挥的作用。 【搭配积累】 play a role in...（在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用）；take on a role（承担一个角色）；important role（重要角色）；leading role（主角） 【用法示例】 She plays an important role in the company's development.（她在公司的发展中扮演着重要角色。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. Which role does she ______ in the school play? A. make B. play C. do D. take 2. Parents play a key ______ in their children's growth. A. role B. part C. job D. work 3. He refused to take on the ______ of team leader because he was too busy. A. rule B. role C. task D. duty 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. Everyone has a ______ (role) to play in protecting the environment. 2. She played a leading ______ (role) in the movie and won many awards. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 教育在个人成长中起着重要作用。(play a role in) Education ______ ______ ______ ______ in personal growth. 2. 他在这次项目中承担了一个关键角色。(take on a role) He ______ ______ a key ______ in this project. 2. freeze v. 突然停止；呆住 【用法释疑】 指动作、声音等突然停止，或人因惊讶、恐惧等而身体僵住、呆住；也可指（水等）结冰（此处侧重题干要求的“突然停止；呆住”）。 【搭配积累】 freeze for a moment（愣了一下）；freeze in place（僵在原地）；freeze with fear（吓得呆住）；freeze suddenly（突然停止） 【用法示例】 When she heard the bad news, she froze with shock.（听到这个坏消息时，她震惊得呆住了。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. He ______ when he saw a snake in front of him. A. froze B. frozen C. freezes D. freezing 2. The music ______ suddenly when the power went out. A. stopped B. froze C. ended D. paused 3. She ______ for a second before answering the question. A. froze B. stopped C. waited D. stayed 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. When the teacher called his name, he ______ (freeze) for a moment and then stood up. 2. The children froze ______ (sudden) when they heard the loud noise. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 听到那声巨响，所有人都吓得呆住了。(freeze with fear) Everyone ______ ______ ______ when they heard the loud noise. 2. 他的动作突然停止，全场陷入寂静。(freeze suddenly) His movement ______ ______ and the whole audience fell silent. 3. silence n. 沉默，缄默 【用法释疑】 指没有声音、噪音的状态，或人不说话、保持缄默的状态。 【搭配积累】 in silence（沉默地）；break the silence（打破沉默）；deep silence（死寂）；keep silence（保持沉默） 【用法示例】 They sat in silence for a long time after the argument.（争吵过后，他们沉默地坐了很长时间。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. The whole room was in ______ after the teacher announced the bad news. A. silence B. quiet C. calm D. still 2. No one dared to ______ the silence during the meeting. A. break B. stop C. end D. cut 3. She kept ______ and refused to say anything about the accident. A. silence B. silent C. quietly D. calmly 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. They walked home in ______ (silence) without saying a word. 2. The silence in the forest was so ______ (frighten) that we didn't dare to move. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 他沉默地站在那里，什么也没说。(in silence) He stood there ______ ______ and said nothing. 2. 最后，他打破了沉默，开始说话。(break the silence) Finally, he ______ ______ ______ and started to speak. 4. awful adj. 糟糕的，恶劣的；讨厌的 【用法释疑】 形容人、事物或情况非常糟糕、令人不满意，或令人感到讨厌、不舒服。 【搭配积累】 awful weather（恶劣的天气）；awful experience（糟糕的经历）；awful smell（难闻的气味）；awful day（糟糕的一天） 【用法示例】 The food here tastes awful. I won't come again.（这里的食物很难吃，我不会再来了。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. What ______ weather! We can't go out for a walk. A. awful B. good C. nice D. fine 2. She had an ______ experience during her trip and wanted to go home at once. A. amazing B. awful C. exciting D. wonderful 3. The movie was so ______ that I fell asleep halfway. A. awful B. interesting C. boring D. exciting 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. The weather is ______ (awful) today. You'd better stay at home. 2. He felt ______ (awful) because he made a big mistake in the exam. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 昨天的天气非常恶劣，我们取消了野餐。(awful weather) We canceled the picnic because of the ______ ______ yesterday. 2. 我昨天过得很糟糕，做什么都不顺利。(awful day) I had an ______ ______ yesterday and nothing went well. 5. advise v. 建议 【用法释疑】 指向某人提出自己的意见、看法或建议，供其参考，帮助其做出决定。 【搭配积累】 advise sb. to do sth.（建议某人做某事）；advise sb. against doing sth.（建议某人不要做某事）；advise sth.（建议某事）；advise that...（建议……，从句用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可省略） 【用法示例】 My teacher advised me to read more books to improve my English.（我的老师建议我多读书来提高我的英语水平。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. My parents advise me ______ more exercise every day. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 2. The doctor advised him ______ smoking because it's bad for his health. A. stop B. to stop C. against D. for 3. She advised that we ______ early to avoid traffic jams. A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. He advised me ______ (study) hard for the coming exam. 2. My friend advised against ______ (go) out alone at night. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 老师建议我们每天早上读英语。(advise s B. to do sth.) The teacher ______ ______ ______ ______ English every morning. 2. 他建议我不要熬夜。(advise sb. against doing sth.) He ______ ______ ______ ______ up late. 6. strength n. 优点，长处，优势；力量 【用法释疑】 侧重题干要求的“优点，长处，优势”，指人或事物所具备的优于他人或他物的地方、特长；也可指身体或精神上的力量。 【搭配积累】 one's strength（某人的优点/长处）；strengths and weaknesses（优点和缺点）；develop one's strength（发挥某人的长处）；competitive strength（竞争优势） 【用法示例】 Her biggest strength is her patience and kindness.（她最大的优点是有耐心和善良。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. What's your biggest ______? I think it's my honesty. A. strength B. weakness C. advantage D. disadvantage 2. We should know our own strengths and ______ to improve ourselves. A. strengths B. weaknesses C. advantages D. benefits 3. His ______ in speaking English helps him get the jo B. A. strength B. ability C. skill D. talent 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. Everyone has his own ______ (strength) and weaknesses. 2. She has many ______ (strength), such as singing and dancing. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 我们应该发挥自己的长处，弥补自己的不足。(develop one's strength) We should ______ ______ ______ and make up for our shortcomings. 2. 耐心是他最大的优点之一。(one's strength) Patience is one of ______ biggest ______. 7. weakness n. 弱点，缺点，不足 【用法释疑】 指人或事物所存在的不足、缺陷，或容易出错、被攻击的地方，与strength（优点）相对。 【搭配积累】 one's weakness（某人的弱点/缺点）；strengths and weaknesses（优点和缺点）；overcome one's weakness（克服某人的弱点）；a weakness for...（对……的偏爱/弱点） 【用法示例】 His biggest weakness is that he is too impatient.（他最大的缺点是太没耐心了。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. We should try our best to overcome our ______ and become better. A. strengths B. weaknesses C. advantages D. benefits 2. Her only ______ is that she is a little shy in public. A. weakness B. strength C. advantage D. talent 3. He has a ______ for sweet food, which is bad for his teeth. A. weakness B. hobby C. habit D. love 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. Everyone has his own strengths and ______ (weakness). 2. She is trying hard to overcome her ______ (weakness) in math. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 他知道自己的弱点，并努力改进。(one's weakness) He knows his ______ and tries his best to improve them. 2. 粗心是很多学生的共同缺点。(common weakness) Carelessness is a ______ ______ of many students. 8. vote v. 投票，表决 【用法释疑】 指通过投票的方式表达意见、选择或决定某件事，通常用于集体决策。 【搭配积累】 vote for sb./sth.（投票支持某人/某事）；vote against sb./sth.（投票反对某人/某事）；vote on sth.（就某事投票表决）；vote to do sth.（投票决定做某事） 【用法示例】 They voted for him to be the team leader.（他们投票支持他担任团队 leader。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. All the members voted ______ the new plan because it was practical. A. for B. against C. on D. to 2. We will vote ______ the problem at the next meeting. A. for B. against C. on D. about 3. They voted ______ him because they didn't agree with his ideas. A. for B. against C. on D. with 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. The students voted ______ (elect) a new monitor. 2. We voted ______ (against) the plan because it was too expensive. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 他们投票决定推迟会议。(vote to do sth.) They ______ ______ ______ the meeting. 2. 大多数人投票支持这项新政策。(vote for) Most people ______ ______ the new policy. 9. suggestion n. 建议，提议 【用法释疑】 指为解决某个问题、改进某种情况而提出的意见、想法或提议，是可数名词；与advise（动词）相对应，advise的名词形式为advice（不可数名词），注意区分。 【搭配积累】 make a suggestion（提出建议）；follow one's suggestion（采纳某人的建议）；give a suggestion（给出建议）；suggestion on sth.（关于某事的建议） 【用法示例】 She made a good suggestion about how to improve our study efficiency.（关于如何提高我们的学习效率，她提出了一个很好的建议。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. Can you give me a ______ on how to learn English well? A. suggestion B. advice C. help D. idea 2. I hope you can follow my ______ and exercise more every day. A. suggestions B. advice C. idea D. plan 3. He made a ______ that we should have a picnic this weekend. A. suggestion B. advice C. decision D. choice 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. She made two useful ______ (suggestion) at the meeting. 2. I think his ______ (suggestion) is very helpful and we should follow it. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 他提出了一个关于环保的建议。(make a suggestion) He ______ ______ ______ about environmental protection. 2. 我们应该采纳老师的建议，努力学习。(follow one's suggestion) We should ______ our teacher's ______ and study hard. 10. meeting n. 会议，集会 【用法释疑】 指为了讨论问题、交流信息、做出决定等而举行的集体聚会，可分为正式和非正式两种。 【搭配积累】 have a meeting（开会）；hold a meeting（举行会议）；attend a meeting（参加会议）；business meeting（商务会议）；team meeting（团队会议） 【用法示例】 We will have a meeting tomorrow morning to discuss the new project.（我们明天早上开会讨论这个新项目。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. Our company will ______ a meeting next Monday to talk about the new policy. A. have B. hold C. attend D. join 2. I can't go to the party because I have to ______ a meeting this evening. A. have B. hold C. attend D. join 3. The ______ will start at 9 o'clock and last for two hours. A. meeting B. party C. class D. lesson 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. We had a ______ (meet) yesterday and discussed many important things. 2. He is busy preparing for the ______ (meet) that will be held tomorrow. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 我们每天早上都开短会。(have a meeting) We ______ ______ ______ every morning. 2. 他昨天没有参加会议，因为他生病了。(attend a meeting) He didn't ______ ______ ______ yesterday because he was ill. 11. camp v. 扎营，宿营，露营 【用法释疑】 指在户外搭建帐篷等临时住所，进行宿营、露营活动。 【搭配积累】 camp in the forest（在森林里露营）；camp by the lake（在湖边扎营）；go camping（去露营）；camp out（露天宿营） 【用法示例】 We plan to camp by the lake this weekend.（我们计划这个周末在湖边露营。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1. They decided to ______ in the mountains for two days. A. camp B. stay C. live D. work 2. We often go ______ with our friends in summer. A. camp B. camping C. camps D. camped 3. They ______ by the river last night and had a good time. A. camped B. stayed C. lived D. worked 二、单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. We plan to ______ (camp) in the countryside this holiday. 2. They ______ (camp) in the forest last weekend and saw many stars at night. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 我们明天要去公园露营。(go camping) We are going to ______ ______ in the park tomorrow. 2. 他们在海边扎营，享受阳光和海风。(camp by the sea) They ______ ______ ______ and enjoyed the sunshine and sea breeze. 12. voluntary adj. 志愿的 【搭配积累】 voluntary work 志愿工作；voluntary service 志愿服务；voluntary participation 自愿参与；voluntary help 主动帮助。 【用法示例】 Many young people take part in voluntary work to help those in need.（许多年轻人参与志愿工作来帮助有需要的人。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. There are many ______ workers in the community hospital during the holiday. A. voluntary B. willing C. active D. busy 2. She made a ______ decision to donate half of her savings to the charity. A. forced B. voluntary C. helpless D. sudden 3. Participation in the activity is ______; no one will force you to join. A. necessary B. voluntary C. important D. difficult （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. He spends two hours every week doing ______ (voluntary) work in the old people’s home. 5. All the members of the team offered their ______ (voluntary) help to finish the task ahead of time. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 许多大学生利用暑假做志愿服务。(voluntary) Many college students use their summer vacation to do ______ ______. 7. 他自愿负责组织这次校园活动。(voluntary) He ______ ______ take charge of organizing the campus activity. 13. cooperation n. 合作，协作 【搭配积累】 in cooperation with 与……合作；cooperation between A and B A与B之间的合作；close cooperation 密切合作；international cooperation 国际合作；promote cooperation 促进合作。 【用法示例】 Our success depends on the close cooperation of all team members.（我们的成功取决于所有团队成员的密切合作。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. We have achieved great progress through the ______ with the local government. A. competition B. cooperation C. communication D. comparison 2. The project can only be completed on time with the full ______ of everyone involved. A. cooperation B. effort C. support D. help 3. Our company is working in ______ with a French company to develop new products. A. connection B. relation C. cooperation D. friendship （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. We appreciate your ______ (cooperation) in solving this problem. 5. The two countries agreed to strengthen ______ (cooperation) in trade and culture. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 我们需要与邻班合作完成这次合唱比赛。(cooperation) We need to have ______ ______ the neighboring class to finish the chorus competition. 7. 这家公司与一家外资企业合作，拓展了海外市场。(cooperation) This company worked ______ ______ a foreign-funded enterprise to expand the overseas market. 14. shy adj. 羞怯的，腼腆的(尤指在陌生人面前) 【用法释疑】 羞怯的，腼腆的，尤指在陌生人面前或公共场合表现出的紧张、不自在，不愿主动交流的样子；也可指（动物）胆小的。 【搭配积累】 be shy of 害怕……；羞于……；feel shy 感到害羞；shy smile 腼腆的微笑；shy about doing sth. 羞于做某事；a shy girl/boy 腼腆的女孩/男孩。 【用法示例】 The little girl is shy and doesn’t dare to speak to strangers.（这个小女孩很腼腆，不敢和陌生人说话。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The boy is ______ and always hides behind his mother when meeting new people. A. brave B. shy C. outgoing D. friendly 2. She is ______ about singing in public, so she refused our invitation to perform. A. shy B. happy C. excited D. worried 3. Though he looks ______, he is very willing to help others. A. rude B. shy C. angry D. lazy （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. The little boy was too ______ (shy) to answer the teacher’s question in class. 5. She used to be ______ (shy), but now she is very outgoing and makes many friends. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 我的妹妹很腼腆，在陌生人面前从不说话。(shy) My sister is very ______ and never speaks in front of strangers. 7. 他羞于表达自己的想法，所以很少在会议上发言。(shy) He is ______ ______ expressing his ideas, so he seldom speaks in meetings. 15. confidence n. 自信，信心 【用法释疑】 指对自己的能力、判断或对他人、事物的信任所产生的坚定信念。 【搭配积累】 have confidence in 对……有信心；gain confidence 获得信心；lose confidence 失去信心；build up confidence 树立信心；with confidence 充满信心地；self-confidence 自信心。 【用法示例】 She has great confidence in her ability to finish the task successfully.（她对自己成功完成任务的能力充满信心。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. Practicing speaking English every day can help you gain more ______. A. confidence B. courage C. energy D. experience 2. Don’t lose ______; you will succeed if you keep trying. A. heart B. confidence C. hope D. interest 3. She spoke in front of the whole class ______ confidence. A. with B. in C. for D. about （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. The teacher’s praise helped the student build up his ______ (confidence). 5. We all have ______ (confidence) in our team’s ability to win the game. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 你应该对自己有信心，不要害怕犯错。(confidence) You should ______ ______ ______ yourself and not be afraid of making mistakes. 7. 通过不断练习，他逐渐树立了学习英语的信心。(confidence) Through constant practice, he gradually ______ ______ ______ in learning English. 16. noon n. 正午，中午 【搭配积累】 at noon 在正午；by noon 到中午为止；noon break 午休；noon meal 午餐；from morning till noon 从早上到中午。 【用法示例】 We usually have lunch at noon.（我们通常在中午吃午饭。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The sun is the hottest ______ noon in summer. A. in B. on C. at D. for 2. We plan to finish the work ______ noon, so we need to work harder. A. by B. at C. in D. on 3. They will have a meeting from 11 a.m. to ______ noon. A. a B. an C. the D. / （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. We will gather at the school gate ______ (noon) tomorrow. 5. By ______ (noon), all the students had finished their homework. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 我们约定明天中午在公园门口见面。(noon) We agreed to meet at the park gate ______ ______ tomorrow. 7. 到中午为止，他们已经走了大约十公里。(noon) ______ ______, they had walked about ten kilometers. 17. climber n. 登山者，登山运动员 【搭配积累】 a mountain climber 登山运动员；professional climber 职业登山者；amateur climber 业余登山者；experienced climber 有经验的登山者；climber’s equipment 登山者的装备。 【用法示例】 The experienced climber successfully reached the top of the mountain.（这位有经验的登山者成功登上了山顶。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. Only a brave ______ can climb the highest mountain in the world. A. runner B. climber C. swimmer D. walker 2. The ______ took a rest after climbing for three hours. A. climbers B. teachers C. doctors D. farmers 3. He dreams of becoming a professional ______ when he grows up. A. climber B. driver C. pilot D. artist （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. Many ______ (climber) came to this mountain to challenge themselves every year. 5. The ______ (climber) equipment must be checked carefully before climbing. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 这些登山者准备明天一早就出发。 These ______ are ready to set off early tomorrow morning. 7. 一位经验丰富的登山者带领我们登上了山顶。 An experienced ______ led us to the top of the mountain. 18. roof n. 顶，顶部 【用法释疑】 指建筑物、车辆等最上面的部分；也可泛指任何物体的最顶端。 【搭配积累】 on the roof 在屋顶上；roof of the house 屋顶；roof of the car 车顶；the roof of the world 世界屋脊；repair the roof 修理屋顶；top roof 顶层屋顶。 【用法示例】 There are some birds singing on the roof of our house.（我们家的屋顶上有一些鸟在唱歌。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The rain is leaking because the ______ of the house is broken. A. wall B. roof C. door D. window 2. Some children are playing ______ the roof, which is very dangerous. A. on B. in C. at D. under 3. The ______ of the car was damaged in the accident. A. roof B. floor C. seat D. wheel （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. There is a big tree beside the house, and its branches reach the ______ (roof). 5. We need to repair the ______ (roof) before the rainy season comes. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 猫跳到了屋顶上，怎么也下来不了。 The cat jumped onto the ______ and couldn’t get down. 7. 他们在屋顶上安装了太阳能板。 They installed solar panels ______ ______ ______. 19. lower v. 把(某物)移低，降下 【用法释疑】 指使物体的位置、高度、数量、程度等下降。 【搭配积累】 lower sth. down 把某物降下；lower the price 降价；lower the voice 压低声音；lower the flag 降旗；lower one’s head 低下头；lower the temperature 降低温度。 【用法示例】 He lowered his voice so that no one else could hear their conversation.（他压低了声音，这样其他人就听不到他们的谈话了。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. Please ______ the window a little; it’s too hot in the room. A. lower B. raise C. open D. close 2. The shop ______ the price of the clothes to attract more customers. A. raised B. lowered C. kept D. increased 3. When he saw his teacher, he ______ his head and said hello politely. A. raised B. shook C. lowered D. nodded （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. She ______ (lower) her head and cried when she heard the bad news. 5. The government decided to ______ (lower) the tax rate to help small businesses. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 请把音量调低一点，不要打扰到别人。 Please ______ ______ the volume so as not to disturb others. 7. 他们在日落时降下了国旗。 They ______ ______ ______ at sunset. 20. painful adj. 令人痛苦的 【搭配积累】 painful experience 痛苦的经历；painful wound 疼痛的伤口；painful memory 痛苦的回忆；painful decision 艰难痛苦的决定；be painful to do sth. 做某事很痛苦。 【用法示例】 Losing his best friend was a painful experience for him.（失去最好的朋友对他来说是一次痛苦的经历。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The wound on his leg is still ______, so he can’t walk quickly. A. painful B. happy C. excited D. comfortable 2. She had a ______ memory of her childhood and never talked about it. A. sweet B. painful C. wonderful D. interesting 3. It is ______ to say goodbye to someone you love deeply. A. easy B. painful C. boring D. exciting （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. The old man often thinks of his ______ (painful) past and feels sad. 5. Her legs were ______ (painful) after running a long distance. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 那次失败对他来说是一次令人痛苦的经历。 That failure was a ______ ______ for him. 7. 走路时，他的脚很痛。 His foot was very ______ when he walked. 21. rope n. 绳，粗绳，绳索，缆 【搭配积累】 a piece of rope 一根绳子；climbing rope 登山绳；tie with a rope 用绳子捆绑；rope bridge 索桥；pull the rope 拉绳子；cut the rope 剪断绳子。 【用法示例】 He used a rope to tie the box tightly.（他用一根绳子把箱子紧紧捆住。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The climbers used a strong ______ to climb up the steep mountain. A. rope B. stick C. stone D. knife 2. She bought a ______ to tie the vegetables in the basket. A. rope B. paper C. pen D. book 3. There is a ______ bridge over the river in the small village. A. wood B. rope C. stone D. brick （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. He took out a piece of ______ (rope) and tied the broken chair together. 5. The workers used two ______ (rope) to pull the heavy box to the truck. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 请给我一根绳子，我要把这些书捆起来。 Please give me ______ ______ ______ rope; I want to tie these books together. 7. 登山者们用登山绳安全地到达了山脚。 The climbers safely reached the foot of the mountain with the ______ ______. 22. effort n. 努力 【搭配积累】 make an effort 努力，尽力；make every effort 尽一切努力；with effort 努力地；without effort 毫不费力地；effort to do sth. 努力做某事；joint effort 共同努力。 【用法示例】 With his great effort, he finally passed the difficult exam.（通过他的巨大努力，他终于通过了这次困难的考试。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. Your ______ will pay off; you will get good grades if you keep working hard. A. effort B. money C. time D. energy 2. We should make every ______ to protect our environment. A. decision B. effort C. plan D. choice 3. He finished the work ______ great effort, because it was very difficult. A. with B. without C. for D. about （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. She made a lot of ______ (effort) to improve her spoken English. 5. With the joint ______ (effort) of all family members, they solved the problem. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6. 他努力学习，希望能考上理想的大学。 He ______ ______ ______ to study hard, hoping to enter his ideal university. 7. 只要我们共同努力，就一定能克服困难。 As long as we make ______ ______, we will surely overcome the difficulties. 23. north n. 北，北方 【搭配积累】 in the north（在北方，指在某一范围内部的北部）；to the north（在北方，指在某一范围外部的北部，不接壤）；on the north（在北方，指在某一范围外部的北部，接壤）；north of...（在……的北边）；from the north（来自北方） 【用法示例】 There are many beautiful cities in the north of China.（译文：中国的北方有许多美丽的城市。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1．Which direction is the north? It is ______ of us. A. on the left B. on the right C. in front D. behind 2．There is a big forest ______ the north of our town. A. in B. to C. on D. at 3．The wind from the ______ is very cold in winter. A. south B. north C. east D. west （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4．The city lies in the ______（north）part of the country. 5．We will travel to the ______（north）cities next month. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6．我的家乡在这个城市的北边。 My hometown is ______ ______ this city. 7．北方的冬天经常下雪。 It often snows in ______ ______ in winter. 24. base n. 基地，根据地，总部，大本营 【搭配积累】 military base（军事基地）；base camp（大本营，基地营）；headquarters base（总部基地）；research base（研究基地）；set up a base（建立基地）；at the base（在基地）；base of...（……的基础/基地） 【用法示例】 The company has its base in Beijing.（译文：这家公司的总部设在北京。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1．The army built a new ______ in the mountain area. A. base B. house C. school D. hospital 2．Our team’s ______ is in the center of the city, so it’s easy for us to gather. A. home B. base C. family D. room 3．This small village is the ______ of the famous writer’s childhood. A. base B. place C. town D. village （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4．They plan to set up a new research ______（base）in the countryside. 5．The company’s head ______（base）is located in Shanghai. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6．他们在那个岛上建立了一个军事基地。 They built a ______ ______ on that island. 7．这家公司的大本营在中国南方。 The company’s ______ is in the south of China. ◇Part 03 词汇强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 单项选择 1. The film was great, and we all admired the ______ for his wonderful storytelling. A. doctor B. director C. teacher D. farmer 2. We are going to put on a ______ at the school hall next month. A. drama B. sport C. meal D. trip 3. A good ______ should be able to lead the team to achieve goals. A. follower B. leader C. listener D. speaker 4. She played an important ______ in the school play and did a great job. A. role B. game C. song D. story 5. When the teacher called his name, he ______ for a moment and then stood up. A. ran B. froze C. laughed D. cried 6. There was complete ______ in the room after the exciting news was announced. A. noise B. silence C. music D. rain 7. The weather was ______ yesterday, so we had to cancel our picnic. A. perfect B. awful C. warm D. sunny 8. My parents often ______ me to read more books in my free time. A. advise B. force C. allow D. forbid 9. —Is this pen ______? —Yes, it’s mine. Thank you for finding it. A. his B. hers C. yours D. theirs 10. Success in this project depends on good ______ between team members. A. argument B. teamwork C. competition D. discussion 11. One of her main ______ is her ability to communicate with people easily. A. weaknesses B. strengths C. fears D. doubts 12. We should face our ______ bravely and try to improve ourselves. A. strengths B. advantages C. weaknesses D. talents 13. The ______ of that country visited our city last week and received a warm welcome. A. king B. queen C. president D. prime minister 14. All the members will ______ on the new plan at the meeting tomorrow. A. vote B. fight C. talk D. think 15. Do you have any ______ on how to learn English well? A. suggestions B. problems C. worries D. hobbies 16. Our class will have a ______ to discuss the school trip arrangement this afternoon. A. party B. meeting C. picnic D. lesson 17. Tom was chosen as the ______ of the basketball team because of his excellent skills. A. captain B. coach C. fan D. player 18. We plan to ______ by the lake this weekend and enjoy the beautiful nature. A. fish B. camp C. swim D. hike 19. My friends and I decided to ______ in the mountain next month. A. go shopping B. go camping C. go swimming D. go skating 20. She used a red ______ to tie the books together so that they wouldn’t fall apart. A. pen B. tape C. ruler D. pencil 21. Many students take part in ______ work to help people in need during holidays. A. easy B. busy C. voluntary D. difficult 22. ______ between different departments is necessary to finish the task on time. A. Cooperation B. Disagreement C. Difference D. Distance 23. The little girl is very ______ and doesn’t dare to speak in front of strangers. A. shy B. brave C. outgoing D. confident 24. With the support of her family, she gained more ______ to speak in public. A. confidence B. fear C. sadness D. anger 25. We agreed to meet at the school gate at ______ tomorrow to start our trip. A. midnight B. noon C. dawn D. dusk 26. Those experienced ______ spent three days climbing the high mountain. A. swimmers B. climbers C. runners D. singers 27. The ______ of the house is covered with red tiles, which look very beautiful. A. floor B. wall C. roof D. door 28. Tibet is known as the “______” because it’s one of the highest places in the world. A. roof of the world B. window of the world C. door of the world D. heart of the world 29. There is a ______ building in the center of the city. A. thirty-metre-high B. thirty-metres-high C. thirty-metre high D. thirty metres high 30. He climbed up the ______ to fix the light on the ceiling. A. chair B. table C. ladder D. box 31. My ______ helped me a lot when I fell behind in the team project. A. classmates B. teammates C. relatives D. neighbors 32. Please ______ your voice so that everyone in the room can hear you clearly. A. lower B. raise C. keep D. change 33. The wound on his leg was ______, but he still kept running to the finish line. A. painful B. comfortable C. peaceful D. enjoyable 34. They used a strong ______ to pull the car out of the mud. A. rope B. stick C. stone D. branch 35. She made every ______ to pass the exam, and finally she succeeded. A. mistake B. effort C. decision D. choice 36. The wind is blowing from the ______, so it’s quite cold today. A. south B. north C. east D. west 37. The army set up a ______ in the forest to carry out the training. A. school B. hospital C. base D. factory 38. Before climbing the highest peak, the climbers stayed at the ______ to rest and prepare. A. base camp B. hotel C. village D. station 39. ______ is a dangerous but exciting sport that requires a lot of skills and courage. A. Swimming B. Mountaineering C. Cycling D. Running 40. His ______ in planning helped the team avoid many problems during the project. A. weakness B. strength C. interest D. hobby $