题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（河南专用）（中考真题+热点话题练）-2026年中考英语总复习(河南专用)

题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (河南专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 科普知识,说明文 2 适中 描绘天气,科普知识,说明文 3 适中 说明文,常见动物,主旨大意,人与动植物,细节理解 4 适中 中华文化,说明文,发明与创造 5 适中 说明文,学习策略,方法/策略 6 适中 科普知识,说明文 7 适中 科普知识,说明文,环境保护 8 较易 科普知识,说明文 9 适中 说明文,科学技术 10 适中 科普知识,说明文,环境保护 11 适中 说明文,音乐与舞蹈 12 适中 说明文,发明与创造,篇章结构,词句猜测,主旨大意,推理判断,细节理解 13 较难 中华文化,说明文,个人经历 14 适中 节约与浪费,说明文,环境保护,主旨大意,推理判断,细节理解 15 适中 说明文,科学技术,畅想未来 【中考真题】 Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let’s discover science behind sunlight. Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical-melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night’s sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals. However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. People who stay indoors a lot may not get enough sunlight. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. People in those places are easier to get seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time. The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above. For example, your body produces Vitamin D (维生素D) from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, “Why do we love sunshine?” 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Which of the following can take the place of “are exposed to” in the text? A．stay in B．care about C．dream of D．depend on 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．What can help people to keep in good spirits B．How light influences people through chemicals. C．Why melatonin can help people relax for a sleep. D．Which chemical is thought to be more important. 3．Which of the following is an opinion (观点) according to the text? A．There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. B．People who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine. C．The light in a house is usually less than that outside on a sunny day. D．People’s bodies produce something called Vitamin D from sunlight. 4．Jack is a person with SAD．How could he solve his problem according to the text? A．By staying indoors a lot. B．By taking in more fresh air. C．By doing some exercise. D．By using man-made lights. 5．Why is the sentence “Why do we love sunshine?” written in the last paragraph? A．To encourage readers to learn more about sunlight. B．To advise readers to stay in houses for enough time. C．To expect readers to realize the importance of Vitamin D．To invite readers to walk into nature to enjoy the fresh air. An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming. Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing? Are they moving to higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is the old saying about? A．The beauty of sunrise. B．The night sky. C．The signs of the weather. D．The sailors’ work. 2．What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean? A．The persons who give daily weather reports on TV. B．The persons who carry out research on natural history. C．The persons who take an interest in plants and animals. D．The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions. 3．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing the reasons for terrible weather. B．By telling a true story about weather forecasting. C．By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather. D．By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather. 4．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places. B．The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air. C．Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure. D．It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise. 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage people to get close to nature. B．To express the need for weather forecasting. C．To explain nature can tell us about the weather. D．To discuss how important weather forecasting is. 【热点话题练习】 In recent years, more and more homeless animals have been seen in cities. This makes people worry about possible problems between these animals and humans. But there are good changes in the situation. A new study shows that the number of homeless dogs in Shanghai is growing more slowly than last year. These homeless dogs are living peacefully in Shanghai’s communities. It also shows that people in Shanghai and homeless animals may live together peacefully for a long time. This good change doesn’t happen by accident. Over the past year, the city and communities have tried hard to make this “peaceful coexistence (共存)” come true. A study last year found that there were 3,000 to 5,000 homeless dogs in Shanghai. The number of homeless dogs in communities is closely related to neighborhood management. For example, feeding homeless dogs in a wrong way and throwing kitchen waste carelessly can make more homeless dogs appear. Because it becomes easier for these animals to find food. Over the past year, communities and local governments have taken actions. They not only ask people to throw kitchen waste correctly, but also put up notice boards. They call on people to feed homeless dogs only at fixed times and places. More importantly, they have been spreading knowledge about homeless dogs. They use brochures (宣传小册子), picture books, meetings and other ways to help people understand homeless animals better. However, there is still more work for the city and people to do to keep this peaceful coexistence. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How many homeless dogs were there in Shanghai according to the study last year? A．1,000 to 2,000 B．3,000 to 5,000 C．5,000 to 6,000 D．More than 6,000 2．What activities influence the number of homeless dogs according to Paragraph 4? a. Driving away homeless cats.     b. The careless throwing of kitchen waste. c. Feeding homeless dogs improperly.     d. Growing more plants in communities. A．ab B．bc C．cd D．ad 3．What do communities use to spread knowledge about homeless dogs? A．Newspapers B．TV programs C．Brochures and picture books D．Internet videos 4．Which question can be answered in Paragraphs 5 & 6? A．Why is coexistence important? B．How can we protect the homeless animals? C．What has the society done to keep coexistence? D．How can we spread knowledge about homeless dogs? 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce facts about homeless animals. B．To tell an interesting study about homeless dogs. C．To discuss how important it is to protect the environment. D．To encourage people to get along well with homeless animals. Paper is one of the most important inventions in human history. Before paper, people wrote on heavy materials like animal bones and bamboo, which were hard to use and carry. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because books and knowledge could be shared more easily. It provided a very important way to communicate. Paper was first made in China around 100 B．C． People used silk waste to make paper. The process had several steps: first, the material was put in water, then cooked and beaten into a soft mix. A thin bamboo tool was placed into this mix, coming out with a fine covering on it. After the unwanted water was pressed out, it was left to dry on a hot wall, and then a piece of paper could be taken off. The paper made with these materials was not very good. It was also expensive. Then around 105 A．D．, a man in China named Cai Lun, known as the inventor of the paper we use today, came up with a better and cheaper way to make paper. His way also made it possible to make a lot of paper at once. The knowledge of papermaking spread from China to its neighbors, Korea and Japan, and later reached Europe mainly through the Silk Road. However, paper was not commonly used in the West until about 1400. Later, countries with many forests like Canada, Sweden, Norway, Finland and the United States became key paper producers. Today, Finland makes the best paper and has the biggest paper industry in the world. When we think of paper, we think of books, newspapers, and letters. It is clear that the invention of paper brought a huge change to human life, making it possible for printing to be invented later. Paper truly plays an important role in our lives. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Which is not mentioned in the text about the invention of paper? A．The importance of it. B．The history of it. C．The spread of it. D．The future of it. 2．When was paper first made in China? A．About 2125 years ago. B．About 1920 years ago. C．About 1400 years ago. D．About 1050 years ago. 3．Which shows the correct steps of papermaking before Cai Lun’s invention? ① Pressed out the water and let it dry. ② Put the material in water, cooked it and beat it into a soft mix. ③ removed the dry paper from the tool. ④ Lifted the mix with a bamboo tool. A．①-③-②-④ B．②-④-①-③ C．③-②-④-① D．④-①-③-② 4．Which is true according to the text? A．The primary use of early paper was for creating works of art. B．The Silk Road was the important path for spreading papermaking from China. C．The papermaking knowledge reached Europe first. D．Modern paper is made from the same materials as in ancient China. 5．Why do we say the invention of paper is great? A．Because it was lighter and easier to use than bones or bamboo. B．Because it greatly helped the spread of knowledge and education. C．Because it quickly made a lot of money for ancient China. D．Because it directly caused books and newspapers to appear for the first time. Many students think math is difficult. But with the right ways, you can learn it well and even have fun. Understand the basics first. Before you start solving hard problems, make sure you know the basics really well. If you don’t understand these, it will be impossible to do more difficult math problems. Practice simple problems every day. Spend about 15 minutes a day on this, and you’ll get better at the basics quickly. Practice regularly (定期地). Math is like a game—the more you play, the better you get. Don’t let a day pass without math practice. Your math book has lots of problems. Try to do at least 10 problems each day. If you find a type of problem difficult, do more of them. For example, if you have problems with distance and speed, keep practicing them until you understand them well. Make a study plan. It’s important to plan your math study time. Decide when you will study math each day. It could be right after school or in the evening. Write it down on a piece of paper. For example, “I will study math from 4:30 to 5:30 every day.” This way, you can remember to study and you can focus (集中注意力) better. Ask for help. If you don’t understand something in math, don’t be shy. Ask the teacher or classmates. They will be happy to help you. Maybe your teacher can explain it in a different way that you can understand. You can also join a study group with friends. You can work on math problems together and help each other. Remember, learning math takes time. But if you try the ways above, you will see that math is not so hard after all, and you will get better at it day by day. So why not have a try? 根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 1．Why is it important to understand math basics first? A．Basics take less time to practice. B．Hard problems need basics to solve. C．Simple problems help build confidence. D．Teachers always check basic knowledge. 2．Why does the writer compare math to a game? A．Because both of them are easy. B．Because both of them need practice. C．Because math problems are as fun as games. D．Because solving math problems needs game skills. 3．What can a study plan help you do according to the text? ①Remember to study math.                    ②Focus better on studying. ③Finish homework faster.                    ④Get a study partner. A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 4．Why is the sentence “So why not have a try?” written in the last paragraph? A．To ask the readers the reasons why they can’t learn math well. B．To tell the readers the reasons why they should learn math well. C．To encourage the readers to follow the tips on learning math. D．To advise the readers to spend more time learning math. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．Why Math Is Difficult for Students. B．When to Practice Math Problems. C．How to Make a Math Study Plan. D．Useful Ways to Learn Math Well. Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 meters and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert, so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It’s like someone walking six kilometers through a dark forest. Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a puzzle. Scientists have no good answers yet. However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By having a discussion. B．By telling a story. C．By describing a scene. D．By giving a fact. 2．How can a certain kind of ants find their way? A．By imagining the way. B．By counting their steps. C．By bringing food together. D．By walking through a forest. 3．What does the underlined word “puzzle” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Mystery. B．Choice. C．Reason. D．Feeling. 4．What are people advised to do according to the last paragraph? A．To help animals. B．To travel at night. C．To keep city lights on. D．To develop unusual abilities. 5．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Birds’ sense of light B．Fish’s sense of smell C．Animals’ sense of direction D．Animals’ sense of magnetic field We often think the Arctic (北极) only has snow and ice. But in fact, it has far more than that! The Arctic is at the top of the Earth. The Arctic Ocean makes up two-thirds of the Arctic, while one-third is made up of land in eight countries, including Russia, Canada, and the US. The Arctic lands have many various lives. Some plants and animals can grow in very cold temperatures. In fact, the Arctic is home to more than 21,000 kinds of life. There are whales, Arctic foxes and many more. The polar bear is the most famous Arctic animal. You might think that the Arctic is too cold for people to live in. But surprisingly, there are about 4 million people living there. That’s the same population as the city of Taiyuan in Shanxi, China. About 10 percent are local people. They have been there for thousands of years. They make a living by fishing, hunting and so on. A group of scientists recently came back from a one-year-long study in the Arctic. They have bad news: The Arctic is dying. The amount of Arctic sea ice is falling by around 3 percent every year. There will be no more ice during the summer in the near future. What does this mean to us? Many animals, such as polar bears, hunt for their food on the ice. If they can’t do this anymore, they will die of hunger. Local people hunt animals for food. But since so many animals are dying, they need to change their way of life. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned in the text? A．Japan. B．America. C．Canada. D．China. 2．What does the underlined word “various” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Be in danger. B．All kinds of. C．In small numbers. D．Valuable. 3．The local people of the Arctic make a living by ______. A．fishing B．hunting C．farming D．both A and B 4．What can we know from the text? A．Two-thirds of the Arctic is made up of land. B．All the animals in the Arctic will die of hunger. C．The polar bear is the most famous Arctic animal. D．The population of the city of Taiyuan is about 400,000. 5．What is this text mainly about? A．The people in the Arctic. B．The animals in the Arctic. C．The lives in the Arctic. D．The weather in the Arctic. Not all fruits change colour, but many do. The colour change is a way for fruits to show animals that they are ready to be eaten. It’s nature’s way of saying, “Come and get it!” Why do fruits show they are ripe (熟的)? Because it helps plants grow. When an animal eats a ripe fruit, the seeds (种子) travel through its body and are dropped in a new place later. This allows the plant to grow in new places. Sometimes, fruit seeds are covered by a soft coating (外衣), and this makes it hard for them to grow. When the seeds pass through an animal’s body, the soft coating is taken away, and that makes it easier for the seeds to grow. But this only works if the seeds are ripe. If not, all of the above efforts will be wasted. So it’s important to protect seeds while they’re still growing. How can they make sure of the safety of the seeds before they are ripe? To solve the problem, fruits use some smart tricks. One trick is to look green. Fruits that are not fully grown have chlorophyll (叶绿素). It makes them green and helps them hide among the leaves. Once the fruits are mature, the chlorophyll breaks down, and they show bright colors like yellow, orange, red, blue, or purple. These colors make the fruits easier for animals to see. Besides changing colour, ripe fruits also get softer and sweeter, and many give off a sweet smell. Animals know these signs mean the fruits are good to eat. It’s a win-win situation for both the animals and the plants: animals get food, and plants get their seeds spread! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Why do many fruits change color when they are ripe? A．To help them grow faster. B．To tell animals they are ready to be eaten. C．To protect themselves from insects. D．To make themselves look more beautiful. 2．How do animals help plants grow in new places? A．By watering the seeds. B．By hiding seeds under the ground. C．By eating the leaves of plants. D．By carrying seeds to different places. 3．What happens when seeds pass through an animal’s body? A．They become bigger. B．They lose their nutrients. C．Their soft coating is taken away. D．They change color immediately. 4．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “tricks”? A．She is always playing tricks on her friends. B．He made the children laugh with funny tricks. C．I’ve been tricked by him again and I felt stupid. D．He told me a clever trick for solving the math problem quickly. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Color change in fruits helps plants spread seeds. B．Seeds can only grow well inside an animal’s body. C．Animals enjoy eating fruits because they are sweet. D．Fruits change colors to protect themselves from danger. Do you know that construction (建筑) is one of the biggest users of energy and one of the biggest polluters? According to AI Magazine, construction is responsible for using 38% of the world’s energy. The building part alone takes up almost 55% of final energy use and 33% of greenhouse gases. It’s also known that steel produces a lot of material waste in building construction. Because of this big challenge, the future of sustainable (可持续的) construction may lie with AI. AI is able to study building efficiency (效率) performance by grouping data to find the best chances for sustainable material usage. With a tool like AI, the future of sustainable construction could progress much faster than in the past. Besides, AI helps architects (建筑师) work with new tools and sustainable materials to create better buildings and cities of the future. For example, construction 3D printing guided by AI can offer better choices for building materials to save money, and map out how construction materials could be recycled. In a professional article, AI is praised as a tool for sustainable construction. “In recent years, AI has become a promising tool for construction. AI can examine a large number of data sets on weather conditions and help to make full use of building systems for energy efficiency, water protection and other goals.” AI can be used to speed up the future of sustainable construction to set standards for the industry and make construction more efficient and affordable. Like any other computer, AI is a tool that is good at studying data sets, but for the moment it still requires smart and ethical (有道德的) human beings to lead its work. All of that has to be done with respect for humans, so it’s really up to us to make it work. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer begin the first paragraph? A．By telling stories. B．By asking a question. C．By expressing feelings. D．By making comparisons. 2．What can we learn from the example of AI-guided construction 3D printing? A．Architects need to learn new technology. B．3D printing is the best way to build houses. C．Steel is not a good material for construction. D．AI can help save building costs and recycle materials. 3．What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “promising” in the text? A．有基础的 B．有前景的 C．有风险的 D．有门槛的 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．AI can work better than humans in construction. B．Sustainable construction will cost more with AI. C．AI will soon replace ethical rules in construction. D．Humans need to guide AI in sustainable construction. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Why sustainable construction is necessary. B．What problems traditional construction has. C．How AI helps with sustainable construction. D．How 3D printing plays a role in construction. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is one of Earth’s most common greenhouse gases. It is important for life on the planet. Too much, however, can be very dangerous. In the past 60 years, CO₂ in the air has increased 100—200 times faster than it did during the end of the last ice age. This puts all the living things on Earth in great danger. So, many people and governments are working to solve the problem. One solution is called Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). This process catches CO₂ produced by human activities and stores it underground so it does not go into the air. But this process itself needs energy produced by fossil fuels (化石燃料) and costs a lot of money. Also, it faces ongoing (持续的) questions about the long- term safety of underground CO₂ storage. Luckily, there is good news. Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed a CO₂-eating machine. It collects CO₂ directly from the air and turns it into useful fuels using sunlight. The machine works in a daily cycle (周期). At night, it catches CO₂ from the air using its special filters (过滤器). When daylight arrives, a mirror on it collects the sunlight together. The sunlight heats the CO₂ and turns it into a gas called syngas. The syngas can then be turned into fuels. Compared with CCS, the technology is safer, cleaner, and cheaper, making it a game-changer for solving the problem of too much CO₂. The researchers are now working on improving the technology. They say that if it can be used widely, it could kill two birds with one stone: reducing CO₂ in the air and creating clean fuels. Where there is waste, there is treasure. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To begin talking about the topic of CO₂. B．To tell us why CO₂ is important for humans. C．To warn about the danger our planet is facing. D．To say that CO₂ is a special kind of greenhouse gas. 2．What is one problem with the CCS solution according to the text? A．It cannot catch CO₂ made by humans. B．It is impossible to use it widely around the world. C．Storing CO₂ underground for a long time may not be safe. D．It uses only clean energy to work and takes a lot of time. 3．Which of the following best shows how the writer develops his idea? A．problem→one solution to it→a new better solution→hope for the future B．problem→the cause of the problem→2 possible solutions→what we learn C．problem→examples→the cause of the problem→2 possible solutions D．problem→the solution to it→the disadvantage of the solution→hope for the future 4．What does the phrase “kill two birds with one stone” mean in the last paragraph? A．To catch two birds easily. B．To have two jobs at the same time. C．To try two ways to solve one problem. D．To do two helpful things with one action. 5．What is the writer’s attitude toward the CO₂-eating machine? A．Worried about it. B．Not interested in it. C．Confident and hopeful. D．Not sure if it will work. What’s your favorite song? What do you like about it? Do you often share the music you like with a friend or family member? Do they like it as much as you do? Maybe they do—or maybe not. Sometimes, people’s musical tastes can be very different. Why do we like some styles of music but not others? There are several reasons. One reason is personality (性格). Are you quiet or loud? Peaceful or full of energy? People often choose music that matches who they are. Another reason is age. Your favorite songs may not be the same as your parents’. The music you listen to during your teenage years has many effects on your musical tastes for the rest of your life. However, it’s also common for these tastes to change as you get older. Environment also matters. The place and culture you grow up in affects the music you hear. That’s why when people move to new places or meet new people, they often hear different styles of music. Your mood can change your music choices, too. On some days when you feel sad, you may want slow, soft songs. But on others, you may want fast and loud songs. All these things—personality, age, environment, mood help shape (塑造) your musical taste. ▲ Respect their choices and they’ll respect yours! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By listing facts. B．By asking questions. C．By giving an example. D．By telling a story. 2．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Your musical tastes will hardly change after your high school years. B．The music you listen to during your teenage years has nothing to do with your musical tastes for the rest of your life. C．When people move to new places, they never hear different styles of music. D．People often choose music according to their personality. 3．What kind of music might a person choose to listen to when he is sad? A．Slow and soft music. B．Fast and loud music. C．Music by famous singers. D．Music from other countries. 4．Which of the following sentences can be put in ________ ? A．And people from the same place must love the same music. B．And it’s perfectly fine if you and your friends enjoy different songs. C．That’s why we should only stick to the music we already like. D．So a person’s quiet personality may affect his or her taste in music. 5．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To explain why people have different musical tastes. B．To teach readers how to enjoy different music styles. C．To advise readers to listen to more music. D．To show how important music is to life. So far, humans have landed on the moon six times. If humans want to stay on the moon for long in the future, there will be a need for a source of food. It’s really a challenge, but scientists are taking steps toward making moon farming possible. Now Chinese researchers said that they had found a way to make moon soil used for farming by introducing Earth bacteria (细菌). Researchers from China tested five kinds of bacteria. They found during a period of 10 to 21 days, three of them doubled phosphorus content (磷含量), which is necessary for the growth of plants. In the next step of the study, the researchers grew model plants in man-made moon soil with the three kinds of bacteria for 24 days. They discovered that the plants had longer stems and roots (茎和根) after six days, and heavier and wider leaves after 24 days, compared with those grown without the bacteria. Besides, in another 24-day test, scientists found that plants with those bacteria had more chlorophyll (叶绿素), which helps plants use energy from light to grow. China has made a plan for landing astronauts on the moon before 2030 to do scientific studies. As astronauts need to live on the moon for a long time, bringing all food to the moon will cost a lot of money. Growing plants there will be helpful. However, earlier tests showed that moon soil is bad for growing plants. Many people began to feel hopeless. But this test offers them a good possible pick-me-up. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 3? A．By using sayings. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By asking a question. 2．What do we know about Earth bacteria according to the text? A．It produces energy to help plants grow. B．It makes the stems and roots of plants shorter. C．It causes plants to have more chlorophyll. D．It needs 24 days to double the weight of leaves. 3．Which of the following can take the place of “pick-me-up” in Paragraph 5? A．A kind of plant food. B．A source of hope. C．A new type of bacteria. D．A way to save money. 4．Which is the right structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce tests for farming plants on moon soil. B．To explain why plants can grow well on earth soil. C．To make a plan for landing astronauts on the moon. D．To show how Chinese researchers invented Earth bacteria. Last December, when An Lingfei, a doctor from an Inner Mongolia medical team, arrived in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda (卢旺达), he set up a center in the Masaka District Hospital. Since then, the China-Rwanda Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Treatment Center has increased in popularity. According to An, the center now receives an average of more than 30 people daily, with most of them suffering from lower back pain or knee and ankle joint (踝关节) pain. Rwanda is known as the land of a thousand hills. Locals often have to walk on mountain roads year-round, which can lead to joint stress. “TCM has great advantages in treating these diseases, and the effects (效果) are very good,” An said. “The center now provides most kinds of TCM treatments, allowing local people to experience Eastern medicine.” Naomin, a 60-year-old patient, is amazed by TCM. She was unable to walk due to serious pain in both knees and ankles. But after a month of treatment at the center, she is now able to walk around with a walking stick. “The treatment has been a huge help,” she said. Another patient, Mukagatare, said that his back pain disappeared after three TCM treatments. According to him, doctors at the local hospitals had been unable to make a clear diagnosis (诊断) after many examinations, let alone reduce the pain. Besides treating patients, the center also educates locals about TCM and Chinese culture. Up to now, TCM has spread to nearly 200 countries and areas with its worldwide influence continuously growing. “From treating a common cold to chronic (慢性的) and difficult diseases, TCM can all play an important role,” a Chinese expert said. 1．Where did An Lingfei set up the TCM Treatment Center? A．In China. B．In Kigali. C．In his home. D．In Inner Mongolia. 2．Why do many locals in Rwanda suffer from joint pain? A．Because their average ages are over sixty. B．Because they are given a wrong diagnosis. C．Because they can’t go to the local hospitals. D．Because they often walk on mountain roads. 3．What improvement did Naomin achieve after a month of TCM treatment? A．Her back pain disappeared. B．Her knees didn’t hurt anymore. C．She could move around again. D．She didn’t need a walking stick. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．The local hospitals in Rwanda are not responsible (有责任心的). B．There are no effective ways to treat chronic diseases. C．TCM will have increasing popularity around the world. D．An’s center mainly focuses on spreading Chinese culture. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The popularity of TCM. B．The hidden power of TCM. C．The development of TCM. D．The bright future of TCM. In the 13th century, the famous Italian traveler, Marco Polo, traveled a long way to China. During his stay in China, he saw many wonderful things. One of the things he discovered was that the Chinese used paper money. In western countries, people did not use paper money until the 15th century. However, people in China began to use paper money in the 7th century. A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper almost 2,000 years ago. He made it from wood. He took the wood from the tree and made it into paper. He then put these pieces of paper together and made them into a book. Now paper still comes from trees. We use a lot of paper every day. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth. If there are no trees, there will be no paper. Every day, people throw away about 2,800 tons (吨) of paper in our city. It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper. This means that we are cutting nearly 48,000 trees every day. Since it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow, we must start using less paper now. If we don’t, we will not have enough time to grow more trees to take the place of those we use for paper. So how can we save paper? We can use both sides of every piece of paper, especially when we are making notes. We can choose drinks in bottles instead of those in paper packets. We can also use cotton handkerchiefs (手帕) and not paper ones. When we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags. If the shop assistant does give us a paper bag, we can save it and reuse it later. Everyone can help to save paper. If we all think carefully, we can help protect trees. But we should do it now, before it is too late. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What can we learn about the use of paper money from the passage? A．Marco Polo invented paper money when he stayed in China. B．Western people began to use paper money in the 7th century. C．Paper money was first used by Marco Polo in the 13th century. D．Chinese people started using paper money earlier than western people. 2．Why does the writer mention the numbers of trees and paper waste? A．To show that paper is very expensive to produce. B．To explain why Cai Lun used wood to make paper. C．To show how many trees are wasted because of paper use. D．To tell readers that trees grow very slowly. 3．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4? A．To introduce how Cai Lun invented paper 2,000 years ago. B．To warn people about the problem of wasting paper and its influence. C．To tell readers the history of paper money in China and the West. D．To give advice on how to use paper bags in daily shopping. 4．Which of the following is NOT a way to save paper mentioned in the passage? A．Using both sides of a piece of paper when taking notes. B．Choosing drinks in bottles instead of paper packets. C．Using plastic handkerchiefs instead of cotton ones. D．Saving and reusing paper bags from shops. 5．Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A．If we keep on wasting paper, we will have no paper to use. B．Cai Lun invented paper about 2000 years ago. C．About 48,000 trees can be used to make 2,800 tons of paper. D．There is no need to rush to plant new trees. Do you pay attention to the technology in daily life? As technology keeps improving, our lives will be different from what they used to be like. In the future, we’ll have cooler and greener ways to travel. For example, solar cars (太阳能汽车) and electric cars will become more popular. Driverless vehicles (无人驾驶车辆) will also be common, making trips safer and easier. At work, artificial intelligence (AI) will help us do many things quickly. In factories, robots will do their jobs with high precision (精确性). We’ll study and communicate online, and everything will be connected through the Internet. Students might stay at home and learn online instead of going to school every day. They can watch interesting video lessons and talk with teachers and classmates in virtual (虚拟的) classrooms. Our homes will be full of high-technology devices (设备). Robots will help with housework. In factories, machines will replace workers, so factories won’t need too many workers. Robots can even be our friends. They’ll use AI to talk and play with us. We can get information and talk to others faster. We can enjoy food, have fun, and read news whenever we want. However, there might be some problems. With technology, we might become too lazy and spend much time on smart devices. Then many of us could even have problems with our mind and body. To stay healthy, we need to exercise and spend time outdoors. Schools could organize more outdoor activities, like hiking and cycling trips. Although life will be more convenient, we mustn’t forget to care about others or build real friendships. We can have face-to-face meetings with friends, share our experiences, and enjoy each other’s company. The future is exciting! With technology and our efforts, we can create a better world where people will live happily and healthily. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By using a saying. B．By asking a question. C．By showing the facts. D．By listing numbers. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A．There will be no teachers in the future. B．Children will spend most of their time playing. C．Robots can completely understand our feelings in the future. D．Many people may lose their jobs because of technology development. 3．What does the underlined word “replace” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．put on B．take the place of C．look at D．depend on 4．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．People should make good use of (充分利用) technology. B．Why technology can change our life so much. C．Technology can bring more problems than good points. D．What problems technology may bring and how to solve them. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．Life in the future. B．A world of machines C．New ways to work and learn. D．How technology changes our thinking. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (河南专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 科普知识,说明文 2 适中 描绘天气,科普知识,说明文 3 适中 说明文,常见动物,主旨大意,人与动植物,细节理解 4 适中 中华文化,说明文,发明与创造 5 适中 说明文,学习策略,方法/策略 6 适中 科普知识,说明文 7 适中 科普知识,说明文,环境保护 8 较易 科普知识,说明文 9 适中 说明文,科学技术 10 适中 科普知识,说明文,环境保护 11 适中 说明文,音乐与舞蹈 12 适中 说明文,发明与创造,篇章结构,词句猜测,主旨大意,推理判断,细节理解 13 较难 中华文化,说明文,个人经历 14 适中 节约与浪费,说明文,环境保护,主旨大意,推理判断,细节理解 15 适中 说明文,科学技术,畅想未来 【中考真题】 Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let’s discover science behind sunlight. Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical-melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night’s sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals. However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. People who stay indoors a lot may not get enough sunlight. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. People in those places are easier to get seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time. The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above. For example, your body produces Vitamin D (维生素D) from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, “Why do we love sunshine?” 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Which of the following can take the place of “are exposed to” in the text? A．stay in B．care about C．dream of D．depend on 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．What can help people to keep in good spirits B．How light influences people through chemicals. C．Why melatonin can help people relax for a sleep. D．Which chemical is thought to be more important. 3．Which of the following is an opinion (观点) according to the text? A．There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. B．People who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine. C．The light in a house is usually less than that outside on a sunny day. D．People’s bodies produce something called Vitamin D from sunlight. 4．Jack is a person with SAD．How could he solve his problem according to the text? A．By staying indoors a lot. B．By taking in more fresh air. C．By doing some exercise. D．By using man-made lights. 5．Why is the sentence “Why do we love sunshine?” written in the last paragraph? A．To encourage readers to learn more about sunlight. B．To advise readers to stay in houses for enough time. C．To expect readers to realize the importance of Vitamin D．To invite readers to walk into nature to enjoy the fresh air. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍阳光对于人们的影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin.”可知，阳光会促使你体内产生一种名为血清素的化学物质。当你暴露在阳光下时，你的身体会分泌出更多的血清素。“are exposed to”表示“暴露于”，与“stay in”语意相近。故选A。 2．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍光是如何通过化学物质影响人的，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine.”可知，这就是为什么人们认为那些人应该到户外去晒晒太阳的原因。对应B选项是观点，其他三项是事实。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time.”可知，对于这类患者，最常见的治疗方法是坐在明亮的人造灯光下一段时间。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, ‘Why do we love sunshine?’”可知，所以下次当你看到阳光洒在你的肩头时，就花点时间思考一下：“我们为什么喜欢阳光呢？”由此可推断，作者是为了鼓励读者多了解阳光。故选A。 An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming. Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing? Are they moving to higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is the old saying about? A．The beauty of sunrise. B．The night sky. C．The signs of the weather. D．The sailors’ work. 2．What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean? A．The persons who give daily weather reports on TV. B．The persons who carry out research on natural history. C．The persons who take an interest in plants and animals. D．The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions. 3．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing the reasons for terrible weather. B．By telling a true story about weather forecasting. C．By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather. D．By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather. 4．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places. B．The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air. C．Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure. D．It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise. 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage people to get close to nature. B．To express the need for weather forecasting. C．To explain nature can tell us about the weather. D．To discuss how important weather forecasting is. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。 1．细节理解题。根据“A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.”可知，日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西方天空晴朗。日出时天空呈红色通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去，因此暴风雨可能即将来临。所以这句谚语是关于天气的迹象，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前).”可知，提前发布准确的预报的应该是气象学家，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. ... Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.”可知，希腊人利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，气象学家使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并做出预测，也可以看一下智能手机或打开电视来了解天气。所以作者在第二段通过介绍不同的天气预报方法展开他的观点，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air.”可知，闻闻花——它们的气味在潮湿的空气中更强烈。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，是在解释自然可以告诉我们天气情况。故选C。 【热点话题练习】 In recent years, more and more homeless animals have been seen in cities. This makes people worry about possible problems between these animals and humans. But there are good changes in the situation. A new study shows that the number of homeless dogs in Shanghai is growing more slowly than last year. These homeless dogs are living peacefully in Shanghai’s communities. It also shows that people in Shanghai and homeless animals may live together peacefully for a long time. This good change doesn’t happen by accident. Over the past year, the city and communities have tried hard to make this “peaceful coexistence (共存)” come true. A study last year found that there were 3,000 to 5,000 homeless dogs in Shanghai. The number of homeless dogs in communities is closely related to neighborhood management. For example, feeding homeless dogs in a wrong way and throwing kitchen waste carelessly can make more homeless dogs appear. Because it becomes easier for these animals to find food. Over the past year, communities and local governments have taken actions. They not only ask people to throw kitchen waste correctly, but also put up notice boards. They call on people to feed homeless dogs only at fixed times and places. More importantly, they have been spreading knowledge about homeless dogs. They use brochures (宣传小册子), picture books, meetings and other ways to help people understand homeless animals better. However, there is still more work for the city and people to do to keep this peaceful coexistence. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How many homeless dogs were there in Shanghai according to the study last year? A．1,000 to 2,000 B．3,000 to 5,000 C．5,000 to 6,000 D．More than 6,000 2．What activities influence the number of homeless dogs according to Paragraph 4? a. Driving away homeless cats.     b. The careless throwing of kitchen waste. c. Feeding homeless dogs improperly.     d. Growing more plants in communities. A．ab B．bc C．cd D．ad 3．What do communities use to spread knowledge about homeless dogs? A．Newspapers B．TV programs C．Brochures and picture books D．Internet videos 4．Which question can be answered in Paragraphs 5 & 6? A．Why is coexistence important? B．How can we protect the homeless animals? C．What has the society done to keep coexistence? D．How can we spread knowledge about homeless dogs? 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce facts about homeless animals. B．To tell an interesting study about homeless dogs. C．To discuss how important it is to protect the environment. D．To encourage people to get along well with homeless animals. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了上海流浪狗数量增长放缓，人与流浪动物实现和平共处的现状、原因及未来仍需努力的方向。 1．细节理解题。根据“A study last year found that there were 3,000 to 5,000 homeless dogs in Shanghai.”可知，去年的研究显示上海有3000到5000只流浪狗。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“For example, feeding homeless dogs in a wrong way and throwing kitchen waste carelessly can make more homeless dogs appear.”可知，错误喂养流浪狗和随意丢弃厨余垃圾会影响流浪狗的数量。对应选项b和c。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“They use brochures (宣传小册子), picture books, meetings and other ways to help people understand homeless animals better.”可知，社区使用宣传小册子、图画书等方式传播知识。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Over the past year, communities and local governments have taken actions....but also put up notice boards...they have been spreading knowledge about homeless dogs.”可知，第五、六段主要讲述了社区和政府采取的具体行动，如正确处理垃圾、定点投喂、宣传知识等，回答了“社会为维持共存做了什么”的问题。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。文章介绍了上海人与流浪动物和平共处的良好变化及背后的努力，目的是鼓励人们与流浪动物友好相处。故选D。 Paper is one of the most important inventions in human history. Before paper, people wrote on heavy materials like animal bones and bamboo, which were hard to use and carry. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because books and knowledge could be shared more easily. It provided a very important way to communicate. Paper was first made in China around 100 B．C． People used silk waste to make paper. The process had several steps: first, the material was put in water, then cooked and beaten into a soft mix. A thin bamboo tool was placed into this mix, coming out with a fine covering on it. After the unwanted water was pressed out, it was left to dry on a hot wall, and then a piece of paper could be taken off. The paper made with these materials was not very good. It was also expensive. Then around 105 A．D．, a man in China named Cai Lun, known as the inventor of the paper we use today, came up with a better and cheaper way to make paper. His way also made it possible to make a lot of paper at once. The knowledge of papermaking spread from China to its neighbors, Korea and Japan, and later reached Europe mainly through the Silk Road. However, paper was not commonly used in the West until about 1400. Later, countries with many forests like Canada, Sweden, Norway, Finland and the United States became key paper producers. Today, Finland makes the best paper and has the biggest paper industry in the world. When we think of paper, we think of books, newspapers, and letters. It is clear that the invention of paper brought a huge change to human life, making it possible for printing to be invented later. Paper truly plays an important role in our lives. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Which is not mentioned in the text about the invention of paper? A．The importance of it. B．The history of it. C．The spread of it. D．The future of it. 2．When was paper first made in China? A．About 2125 years ago. B．About 1920 years ago. C．About 1400 years ago. D．About 1050 years ago. 3．Which shows the correct steps of papermaking before Cai Lun’s invention? ① Pressed out the water and let it dry. ② Put the material in water, cooked it and beat it into a soft mix. ③ removed the dry paper from the tool. ④ Lifted the mix with a bamboo tool. A．①-③-②-④ B．②-④-①-③ C．③-②-④-① D．④-①-③-② 4．Which is true according to the text? A．The primary use of early paper was for creating works of art. B．The Silk Road was the important path for spreading papermaking from China. C．The papermaking knowledge reached Europe first. D．Modern paper is made from the same materials as in ancient China. 5．Why do we say the invention of paper is great? A．Because it was lighter and easier to use than bones or bamboo. B．Because it greatly helped the spread of knowledge and education. C．Because it quickly made a lot of money for ancient China. D．Because it directly caused books and newspapers to appear for the first time. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸的重要性、中国早期造纸的历史、工艺、传播过程，以及纸对人类生活产生的深远影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章内容，第一段讲纸的重要性，第二、三段讲纸的早期历史和蔡伦的改进，第四段讲造纸术的传播，全文未提及纸的未来。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Paper was first made in China around 100 B. C.”可知，纸最早于公元前100年左右在中国出现，距今约2125年（以当前时间推算）。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“The process had several steps: first, the material was put in water, then cooked and beaten into a soft mix. A thin bamboo tool was placed into this mix, coming out with a fine covering on it. After the unwanted water was pressed out, it was left to dry on a hot wall, and then a piece of paper could be taken off.”可知，蔡伦之前的造纸步骤为：将材料放入水中煮并打成软浆（②）→用竹制工具捞浆（④）→压出水分并晾干（①）→取下干纸（③），正确顺序为②-④-①-③。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“The knowledge of papermaking spread from China to its neighbors, Korea and Japan, and later reached Europe mainly through the Silk Road.”可知，丝绸之路是中国造纸术传播的重要途径。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because books and knowledge could be shared more easily.”可知，纸的发明之所以伟大，是因为它极大地促进了知识的传播和教育的普及。故选B。 Many students think math is difficult. But with the right ways, you can learn it well and even have fun. Understand the basics first. Before you start solving hard problems, make sure you know the basics really well. If you don’t understand these, it will be impossible to do more difficult math problems. Practice simple problems every day. Spend about 15 minutes a day on this, and you’ll get better at the basics quickly. Practice regularly (定期地). Math is like a game—the more you play, the better you get. Don’t let a day pass without math practice. Your math book has lots of problems. Try to do at least 10 problems each day. If you find a type of problem difficult, do more of them. For example, if you have problems with distance and speed, keep practicing them until you understand them well. Make a study plan. It’s important to plan your math study time. Decide when you will study math each day. It could be right after school or in the evening. Write it down on a piece of paper. For example, “I will study math from 4:30 to 5:30 every day.” This way, you can remember to study and you can focus (集中注意力) better. Ask for help. If you don’t understand something in math, don’t be shy. Ask the teacher or classmates. They will be happy to help you. Maybe your teacher can explain it in a different way that you can understand. You can also join a study group with friends. You can work on math problems together and help each other. Remember, learning math takes time. But if you try the ways above, you will see that math is not so hard after all, and you will get better at it day by day. So why not have a try? 根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 1．Why is it important to understand math basics first? A．Basics take less time to practice. B．Hard problems need basics to solve. C．Simple problems help build confidence. D．Teachers always check basic knowledge. 2．Why does the writer compare math to a game? A．Because both of them are easy. B．Because both of them need practice. C．Because math problems are as fun as games. D．Because solving math problems needs game skills. 3．What can a study plan help you do according to the text? ①Remember to study math.                    ②Focus better on studying. ③Finish homework faster.                    ④Get a study partner. A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 4．Why is the sentence “So why not have a try?” written in the last paragraph? A．To ask the readers the reasons why they can’t learn math well. B．To tell the readers the reasons why they should learn math well. C．To encourage the readers to follow the tips on learning math. D．To advise the readers to spend more time learning math. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．Why Math Is Difficult for Students. B．When to Practice Math Problems. C．How to Make a Math Study Plan. D．Useful Ways to Learn Math Well. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文介绍学好数学的实用方法，包含夯实基础、定期练习、制定计划、主动求助，鼓励学生尝试这些方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Before you start solving hard problems, make sure you know the basics really well. If you don’t understand these, it will be impossible to do more difficult math problems.”可知，不掌握基础知识就无法解决更难的数学题，难题需要依托基础知识来解答，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Math is like a game—the more you play, the better you get. Don’t let a day pass without math practice.”可知，作者将数学比作游戏是因为二者都需要不断练习，练习越多效果越好，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“This way, you can remember to study and you can focus (集中注意力) better.”可知，学习计划能帮助记住学习数学、更集中注意力，对应①②，故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据“But if you try the ways above, you will see that math is not so hard after all, and you will get better at it day by day. So why not have a try?”可知，这句话是为了鼓励读者采纳文中的数学学习方法，故选C。 5．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，文章围绕学好数学的多种有效方法展开讲解，最佳标题为“Useful Ways to Learn Math Well”，故选D。 Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 meters and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert, so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It’s like someone walking six kilometers through a dark forest. Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a puzzle. Scientists have no good answers yet. However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By having a discussion. B．By telling a story. C．By describing a scene. D．By giving a fact. 2．How can a certain kind of ants find their way? A．By imagining the way. B．By counting their steps. C．By bringing food together. D．By walking through a forest. 3．What does the underlined word “puzzle” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Mystery. B．Choice. C．Reason. D．Feeling. 4．What are people advised to do according to the last paragraph? A．To help animals. B．To travel at night. C．To keep city lights on. D．To develop unusual abilities. 5．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Birds’ sense of light B．Fish’s sense of smell C．Animals’ sense of direction D．Animals’ sense of magnetic field 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了动物如何利用与生俱来的特殊能力进行导航，并指出人类活动对动物导航能力的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据“Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows…”可知，作者以科学研究结论（事实）开篇。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“A certain kind of ants…can count their steps to avoid getting lost”可知，蚂蚁通过计数步数导航。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a puzzle. Scientists have no good answers yet”可知，科学家尚未解开鱼类利用磁场导航的谜团，故“puzzle”意为“未解之谜”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night”可知，作者建议通过关灯帮助动物应对环境变化。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕动物导航能力展开，列举蚂蚁、鱼类、海鸟等不同物种的定向机制，最佳标题应概括这一主题，C项符合。故选C。 We often think the Arctic (北极) only has snow and ice. But in fact, it has far more than that! The Arctic is at the top of the Earth. The Arctic Ocean makes up two-thirds of the Arctic, while one-third is made up of land in eight countries, including Russia, Canada, and the US. The Arctic lands have many various lives. Some plants and animals can grow in very cold temperatures. In fact, the Arctic is home to more than 21,000 kinds of life. There are whales, Arctic foxes and many more. The polar bear is the most famous Arctic animal. You might think that the Arctic is too cold for people to live in. But surprisingly, there are about 4 million people living there. That’s the same population as the city of Taiyuan in Shanxi, China. About 10 percent are local people. They have been there for thousands of years. They make a living by fishing, hunting and so on. A group of scientists recently came back from a one-year-long study in the Arctic. They have bad news: The Arctic is dying. The amount of Arctic sea ice is falling by around 3 percent every year. There will be no more ice during the summer in the near future. What does this mean to us? Many animals, such as polar bears, hunt for their food on the ice. If they can’t do this anymore, they will die of hunger. Local people hunt animals for food. But since so many animals are dying, they need to change their way of life. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned in the text? A．Japan. B．America. C．Canada. D．China. 2．What does the underlined word “various” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Be in danger. B．All kinds of. C．In small numbers. D．Valuable. 3．The local people of the Arctic make a living by ______. A．fishing B．hunting C．farming D．both A and B 4．What can we know from the text? A．Two-thirds of the Arctic is made up of land. B．All the animals in the Arctic will die of hunger. C．The polar bear is the most famous Arctic animal. D．The population of the city of Taiyuan is about 400,000. 5．What is this text mainly about? A．The people in the Arctic. B．The animals in the Arctic. C．The lives in the Arctic. D．The weather in the Arctic. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了北极的地理构成、多样的生物、当地居民的生活方式，以及北极当前面临的冰面减少等环境危机。 1．细节理解题。根据原文“including Russia, Canada, and the US”，文中提到的国家不包括日本（Japan）。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据后文“more than 21,000 kinds of life”，可知“various”意为“各种各样的（All kinds of）”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据原文“They make a living by fishing, hunting and so on”，北极当地人靠捕鱼和狩猎谋生，对应选项D（A和B都对）。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据原文“The polar bear is the most famous Arctic animal”，选项C表述正确。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。文章涵盖了北极的地理、生物、居民生活及环境问题，核心是“北极的生命（包括生物、人类）”。故选C。 Not all fruits change colour, but many do. The colour change is a way for fruits to show animals that they are ready to be eaten. It’s nature’s way of saying, “Come and get it!” Why do fruits show they are ripe (熟的)? Because it helps plants grow. When an animal eats a ripe fruit, the seeds (种子) travel through its body and are dropped in a new place later. This allows the plant to grow in new places. Sometimes, fruit seeds are covered by a soft coating (外衣), and this makes it hard for them to grow. When the seeds pass through an animal’s body, the soft coating is taken away, and that makes it easier for the seeds to grow. But this only works if the seeds are ripe. If not, all of the above efforts will be wasted. So it’s important to protect seeds while they’re still growing. How can they make sure of the safety of the seeds before they are ripe? To solve the problem, fruits use some smart tricks. One trick is to look green. Fruits that are not fully grown have chlorophyll (叶绿素). It makes them green and helps them hide among the leaves. Once the fruits are mature, the chlorophyll breaks down, and they show bright colors like yellow, orange, red, blue, or purple. These colors make the fruits easier for animals to see. Besides changing colour, ripe fruits also get softer and sweeter, and many give off a sweet smell. Animals know these signs mean the fruits are good to eat. It’s a win-win situation for both the animals and the plants: animals get food, and plants get their seeds spread! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Why do many fruits change color when they are ripe? A．To help them grow faster. B．To tell animals they are ready to be eaten. C．To protect themselves from insects. D．To make themselves look more beautiful. 2．How do animals help plants grow in new places? A．By watering the seeds. B．By hiding seeds under the ground. C．By eating the leaves of plants. D．By carrying seeds to different places. 3．What happens when seeds pass through an animal’s body? A．They become bigger. B．They lose their nutrients. C．Their soft coating is taken away. D．They change color immediately. 4．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “tricks”? A．She is always playing tricks on her friends. B．He made the children laugh with funny tricks. C．I’ve been tricked by him again and I felt stupid. D．He told me a clever trick for solving the math problem quickly. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Color change in fruits helps plants spread seeds. B．Seeds can only grow well inside an animal’s body. C．Animals enjoy eating fruits because they are sweet. D．Fruits change colors to protect themselves from danger. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了果实成熟时变色的原因，以及这种变化如何帮助植物通过动物传播种子，同时还说明了种子传播和生长的相关机制。 1．细节理解题。根据“The colour change is a way for fruits to show animals that they are ready to be eaten.”可知，水果变色是为了告诉动物它们已经成熟，准备好被吃了。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“When an animal eats a ripe fruit, the seeds (种子) travel through its body and are dropped in a new place later.”可知，动物通过把种子带到不同的地方帮助植物在新地点生长。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“When the seeds pass through an animal’s body, the soft coating is taken away, and that makes it easier for the seeds to grow.”可知，种子通过动物身体时，它们的软外衣会被去除。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据“To solve the problem, fruits use some smart tricks.”可知，为了解决这个问题，果实会使用一些巧妙的方法，此处“tricks”意为 “方法、技巧”，选项D“他告诉了我一个快速解这道数学题的巧妙方法。”中的trick与其同义。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明水果变色的原因以及这种变化如何帮助植物传播种子。故选A。 Do you know that construction (建筑) is one of the biggest users of energy and one of the biggest polluters? According to AI Magazine, construction is responsible for using 38% of the world’s energy. The building part alone takes up almost 55% of final energy use and 33% of greenhouse gases. It’s also known that steel produces a lot of material waste in building construction. Because of this big challenge, the future of sustainable (可持续的) construction may lie with AI. AI is able to study building efficiency (效率) performance by grouping data to find the best chances for sustainable material usage. With a tool like AI, the future of sustainable construction could progress much faster than in the past. Besides, AI helps architects (建筑师) work with new tools and sustainable materials to create better buildings and cities of the future. For example, construction 3D printing guided by AI can offer better choices for building materials to save money, and map out how construction materials could be recycled. In a professional article, AI is praised as a tool for sustainable construction. “In recent years, AI has become a promising tool for construction. AI can examine a large number of data sets on weather conditions and help to make full use of building systems for energy efficiency, water protection and other goals.” AI can be used to speed up the future of sustainable construction to set standards for the industry and make construction more efficient and affordable. Like any other computer, AI is a tool that is good at studying data sets, but for the moment it still requires smart and ethical (有道德的) human beings to lead its work. All of that has to be done with respect for humans, so it’s really up to us to make it work. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer begin the first paragraph? A．By telling stories. B．By asking a question. C．By expressing feelings. D．By making comparisons. 2．What can we learn from the example of AI-guided construction 3D printing? A．Architects need to learn new technology. B．3D printing is the best way to build houses. C．Steel is not a good material for construction. D．AI can help save building costs and recycle materials. 3．What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “promising” in the text? A．有基础的 B．有前景的 C．有风险的 D．有门槛的 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．AI can work better than humans in construction. B．Sustainable construction will cost more with AI. C．AI will soon replace ethical rules in construction. D．Humans need to guide AI in sustainable construction. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Why sustainable construction is necessary. B．What problems traditional construction has. C．How AI helps with sustainable construction. D．How 3D printing plays a role in construction. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要探讨了人工智能在推动可持续建筑发展方面的作用，分析了传统建筑行业的高能耗和高污染问题，并举例说明了AI如何通过数据分析、材料优化和3D打印等技术帮助建筑行业实现更高效、环保和经济的可持续发展。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段开头“Do you know that construction is one of the biggest users of energy and one of the biggest polluters?”可知，作者以提问的方式引出话题。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“For example, construction 3D printing guided by AI can offer better choices for building materials to save money, and map out how construction materials could be recycled.”可知，AI指导的3D打印可以帮助节省建筑成本并规划材料的回收利用。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“In recent years, AI has become a promising tool for construction. AI can examine a large number of data sets on weather conditions and help to make full use of building systems for energy efficiency, water protection and other goals”结合上下文可知，AI在建筑领域具有很大的潜力和希望，因此“promising”意为“有前景的”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“but for the moment it still requires smart and ethical human beings to lead its work.”可知，目前AI仍然需要聪明且有道德的人类来引导它的工作。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了AI如何通过数据分析、材料优化、3D打印等技术帮助建筑行业实现可持续发展。因此，文章主要讲的是AI如何协助可持续建筑。故选C。 Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is one of Earth’s most common greenhouse gases. It is important for life on the planet. Too much, however, can be very dangerous. In the past 60 years, CO₂ in the air has increased 100—200 times faster than it did during the end of the last ice age. This puts all the living things on Earth in great danger. So, many people and governments are working to solve the problem. One solution is called Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). This process catches CO₂ produced by human activities and stores it underground so it does not go into the air. But this process itself needs energy produced by fossil fuels (化石燃料) and costs a lot of money. Also, it faces ongoing (持续的) questions about the long- term safety of underground CO₂ storage. Luckily, there is good news. Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed a CO₂-eating machine. It collects CO₂ directly from the air and turns it into useful fuels using sunlight. The machine works in a daily cycle (周期). At night, it catches CO₂ from the air using its special filters (过滤器). When daylight arrives, a mirror on it collects the sunlight together. The sunlight heats the CO₂ and turns it into a gas called syngas. The syngas can then be turned into fuels. Compared with CCS, the technology is safer, cleaner, and cheaper, making it a game-changer for solving the problem of too much CO₂. The researchers are now working on improving the technology. They say that if it can be used widely, it could kill two birds with one stone: reducing CO₂ in the air and creating clean fuels. Where there is waste, there is treasure. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To begin talking about the topic of CO₂. B．To tell us why CO₂ is important for humans. C．To warn about the danger our planet is facing. D．To say that CO₂ is a special kind of greenhouse gas. 2．What is one problem with the CCS solution according to the text? A．It cannot catch CO₂ made by humans. B．It is impossible to use it widely around the world. C．Storing CO₂ underground for a long time may not be safe. D．It uses only clean energy to work and takes a lot of time. 3．Which of the following best shows how the writer develops his idea? A．problem→one solution to it→a new better solution→hope for the future B．problem→the cause of the problem→2 possible solutions→what we learn C．problem→examples→the cause of the problem→2 possible solutions D．problem→the solution to it→the disadvantage of the solution→hope for the future 4．What does the phrase “kill two birds with one stone” mean in the last paragraph? A．To catch two birds easily. B．To have two jobs at the same time. C．To try two ways to solve one problem. D．To do two helpful things with one action. 5．What is the writer’s attitude toward the CO₂-eating machine? A．Worried about it. B．Not interested in it. C．Confident and hopeful. D．Not sure if it will work. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了二氧化碳过量带来的问题，以及应对该问题的两种解决方案，重点说明剑桥大学研发的“吃二氧化碳”机器的工作原理和优势。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段内容，先说明二氧化碳是常见温室气体、对生命重要，再指出过量的危害，整体是为了引出二氧化碳这一话题，展开下文的论述。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Also,it faces ongoing questions about the long- term safety of underground CO₂ storage.”可知，碳捕获与封存技术的一个问题是将二氧化碳长期储存在地下的安全性存疑。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。文章先提出二氧化碳过量的问题，接着介绍碳捕获与封存这一解决方案，然后讲述剑桥大学研发的更优的“吃二氧化碳”机器这一新方案，最后说明研究人员对该技术的改进和未来的展望。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据后文“reducing CO₂ in the air and creating clean fuels”可知，这一行动能同时实现减少空气中的二氧化碳和制造清洁燃料两件有益的事，由此可推测该短语意为通过一个行动完成两件有帮助的事。故选D。 5．观点态度题。根据最后一段对该机器的评价“safer, cleaner, and cheaper, making it a game-changer”以及对其未来应用的展望，能看出作者对这款“吃二氧化碳”的机器充满信心和希望。故选C。 What’s your favorite song? What do you like about it? Do you often share the music you like with a friend or family member? Do they like it as much as you do? Maybe they do—or maybe not. Sometimes, people’s musical tastes can be very different. Why do we like some styles of music but not others? There are several reasons. One reason is personality (性格). Are you quiet or loud? Peaceful or full of energy? People often choose music that matches who they are. Another reason is age. Your favorite songs may not be the same as your parents’. The music you listen to during your teenage years has many effects on your musical tastes for the rest of your life. However, it’s also common for these tastes to change as you get older. Environment also matters. The place and culture you grow up in affects the music you hear. That’s why when people move to new places or meet new people, they often hear different styles of music. Your mood can change your music choices, too. On some days when you feel sad, you may want slow, soft songs. But on others, you may want fast and loud songs. All these things—personality, age, environment, mood help shape (塑造) your musical taste. ▲ Respect their choices and they’ll respect yours! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By listing facts. B．By asking questions. C．By giving an example. D．By telling a story. 2．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Your musical tastes will hardly change after your high school years. B．The music you listen to during your teenage years has nothing to do with your musical tastes for the rest of your life. C．When people move to new places, they never hear different styles of music. D．People often choose music according to their personality. 3．What kind of music might a person choose to listen to when he is sad? A．Slow and soft music. B．Fast and loud music. C．Music by famous singers. D．Music from other countries. 4．Which of the following sentences can be put in ________ ? A．And people from the same place must love the same music. B．And it’s perfectly fine if you and your friends enjoy different songs. C．That’s why we should only stick to the music we already like. D．So a person’s quiet personality may affect his or her taste in music. 5．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To explain why people have different musical tastes. B．To teach readers how to enjoy different music styles. C．To advise readers to listen to more music. D．To show how important music is to life. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要探讨了影响人们音乐品味的几个因素，包括性格、年龄、环境和情绪，并指出每个人的音乐偏好都各不相同，我们应该尊重彼此的选择。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“What’s your favorite song? What do you like about it? Do you often share the music you like with a friend or family member? Do they like it as much as you do?”可知，作者通过连续提出多个问题的方式开启文章。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“People often choose music that matches who they are.”可知，人们经常会选择与自己性格相符的音乐，该项表述正确。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第6段“On some days when you feel sad, you may want slow, soft songs.”可知，人们感到难过时，可能会选择舒缓、轻柔的音乐。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据空格后“Respect their choices and they’ll respect yours!”可知，前文应表达“不同人有不同音乐喜好是正常的”这一含义，衔接后文的“尊重彼此选择”。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章第2段“Why do we like some styles of music but not others? There are several reasons.”以及全文对性格、年龄等影响音乐品味因素的分析可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释人们拥有不同音乐品味的原因。故选A。 So far, humans have landed on the moon six times. If humans want to stay on the moon for long in the future, there will be a need for a source of food. It’s really a challenge, but scientists are taking steps toward making moon farming possible. Now Chinese researchers said that they had found a way to make moon soil used for farming by introducing Earth bacteria (细菌). Researchers from China tested five kinds of bacteria. They found during a period of 10 to 21 days, three of them doubled phosphorus content (磷含量), which is necessary for the growth of plants. In the next step of the study, the researchers grew model plants in man-made moon soil with the three kinds of bacteria for 24 days. They discovered that the plants had longer stems and roots (茎和根) after six days, and heavier and wider leaves after 24 days, compared with those grown without the bacteria. Besides, in another 24-day test, scientists found that plants with those bacteria had more chlorophyll (叶绿素), which helps plants use energy from light to grow. China has made a plan for landing astronauts on the moon before 2030 to do scientific studies. As astronauts need to live on the moon for a long time, bringing all food to the moon will cost a lot of money. Growing plants there will be helpful. However, earlier tests showed that moon soil is bad for growing plants. Many people began to feel hopeless. But this test offers them a good possible pick-me-up. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 3? A．By using sayings. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By asking a question. 2．What do we know about Earth bacteria according to the text? A．It produces energy to help plants grow. B．It makes the stems and roots of plants shorter. C．It causes plants to have more chlorophyll. D．It needs 24 days to double the weight of leaves. 3．Which of the following can take the place of “pick-me-up” in Paragraph 5? A．A kind of plant food. B．A source of hope. C．A new type of bacteria. D．A way to save money. 4．Which is the right structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce tests for farming plants on moon soil. B．To explain why plants can grow well on earth soil. C．To make a plan for landing astronauts on the moon. D．To show how Chinese researchers invented Earth bacteria. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了中国科研人员通过引入地球细菌改良月球土壤，助力月球种植的研究进展，这对未来人类长期驻月的食物供应具有重要意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第3段“compared with those grown without the bacteria”可知，作者通过“有细菌种植”和“无细菌种植”的事实对比来支撑观点。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第4段“plants with those bacteria had more chlorophyll”可知，地球细菌会让植物产生更多叶绿素。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。前文提到“人们因月球土壤不适合种植而绝望”，而这项研究带来了转机，因此“pick-me-up”指“希望的来源”。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。文章结构为：①提出“月球长期驻留需要食物，中国研究用细菌改良月壤”的核心话题；②-④介绍研究过程（细菌测试、植物种植实验）；⑤说明研究的意义与背景（中国探月计划），对应结构A。 5．主旨大意题。文章围绕“中国科研人员关于月球土壤种植植物的测试研究”展开，写作目的是介绍这些测试。故选A。 Last December, when An Lingfei, a doctor from an Inner Mongolia medical team, arrived in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda (卢旺达), he set up a center in the Masaka District Hospital. Since then, the China-Rwanda Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Treatment Center has increased in popularity. According to An, the center now receives an average of more than 30 people daily, with most of them suffering from lower back pain or knee and ankle joint (踝关节) pain. Rwanda is known as the land of a thousand hills. Locals often have to walk on mountain roads year-round, which can lead to joint stress. “TCM has great advantages in treating these diseases, and the effects (效果) are very good,” An said. “The center now provides most kinds of TCM treatments, allowing local people to experience Eastern medicine.” Naomin, a 60-year-old patient, is amazed by TCM. She was unable to walk due to serious pain in both knees and ankles. But after a month of treatment at the center, she is now able to walk around with a walking stick. “The treatment has been a huge help,” she said. Another patient, Mukagatare, said that his back pain disappeared after three TCM treatments. According to him, doctors at the local hospitals had been unable to make a clear diagnosis (诊断) after many examinations, let alone reduce the pain. Besides treating patients, the center also educates locals about TCM and Chinese culture. Up to now, TCM has spread to nearly 200 countries and areas with its worldwide influence continuously growing. “From treating a common cold to chronic (慢性的) and difficult diseases, TCM can all play an important role,” a Chinese expert said. 1．Where did An Lingfei set up the TCM Treatment Center? A．In China. B．In Kigali. C．In his home. D．In Inner Mongolia. 2．Why do many locals in Rwanda suffer from joint pain? A．Because their average ages are over sixty. B．Because they are given a wrong diagnosis. C．Because they can’t go to the local hospitals. D．Because they often walk on mountain roads. 3．What improvement did Naomin achieve after a month of TCM treatment? A．Her back pain disappeared. B．Her knees didn’t hurt anymore. C．She could move around again. D．She didn’t need a walking stick. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．The local hospitals in Rwanda are not responsible (有责任心的). B．There are no effective ways to treat chronic diseases. C．TCM will have increasing popularity around the world. D．An’s center mainly focuses on spreading Chinese culture. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The popularity of TCM. B．The hidden power of TCM. C．The development of TCM. D．The bright future of TCM. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一位来自内蒙古医疗队的医生，抵达卢旺达首都基加利后，建立了一个中医治疗中心，这个中心接收一些需要中医治疗的患者，并分享了接受治疗的患者的感想。 1．细节理解题。根据“Last December, when An Lingfei, a doctor from an Inner Mongolia medical team, arrived in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda (卢旺达), he set up a center in the Masaka District Hospital.”可知，这个中医治疗中心设在了基加利，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Rwanda is known as the land of a thousand hills. Locals often have to walk on mountain roads year-round, which can lead to joint stress.”可知，当地人经常不得不全年在山路上行走，这可能会导致关节压力，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“But after a month of treatment at the center, she is now able to walk around with a walking stick.”可知，接受了一个月的治疗后，她现在可以用拐杖走路了，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Up to now, TCM has spread to nearly 200 countries and areas with its worldwide influence continuously growing.”可知，迄今为止，中医已传播到近200个国家和地区，在世界范围内的影响力不断增强，由此可知，中医将在世界范围内越来越受欢迎，故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过讲述An Lingfei医生在建立中医治疗中心治病救人的经历，告诉我们中医在世界范围内广受欢迎的现象。故选A。 In the 13th century, the famous Italian traveler, Marco Polo, traveled a long way to China. During his stay in China, he saw many wonderful things. One of the things he discovered was that the Chinese used paper money. In western countries, people did not use paper money until the 15th century. However, people in China began to use paper money in the 7th century. A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper almost 2,000 years ago. He made it from wood. He took the wood from the tree and made it into paper. He then put these pieces of paper together and made them into a book. Now paper still comes from trees. We use a lot of paper every day. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth. If there are no trees, there will be no paper. Every day, people throw away about 2,800 tons (吨) of paper in our city. It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper. This means that we are cutting nearly 48,000 trees every day. Since it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow, we must start using less paper now. If we don’t, we will not have enough time to grow more trees to take the place of those we use for paper. So how can we save paper? We can use both sides of every piece of paper, especially when we are making notes. We can choose drinks in bottles instead of those in paper packets. We can also use cotton handkerchiefs (手帕) and not paper ones. When we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags. If the shop assistant does give us a paper bag, we can save it and reuse it later. Everyone can help to save paper. If we all think carefully, we can help protect trees. But we should do it now, before it is too late. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What can we learn about the use of paper money from the passage? A．Marco Polo invented paper money when he stayed in China. B．Western people began to use paper money in the 7th century. C．Paper money was first used by Marco Polo in the 13th century. D．Chinese people started using paper money earlier than western people. 2．Why does the writer mention the numbers of trees and paper waste? A．To show that paper is very expensive to produce. B．To explain why Cai Lun used wood to make paper. C．To show how many trees are wasted because of paper use. D．To tell readers that trees grow very slowly. 3．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4? A．To introduce how Cai Lun invented paper 2,000 years ago. B．To warn people about the problem of wasting paper and its influence. C．To tell readers the history of paper money in China and the West. D．To give advice on how to use paper bags in daily shopping. 4．Which of the following is NOT a way to save paper mentioned in the passage? A．Using both sides of a piece of paper when taking notes. B．Choosing drinks in bottles instead of paper packets. C．Using plastic handkerchiefs instead of cotton ones. D．Saving and reusing paper bags from shops. 5．Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A．If we keep on wasting paper, we will have no paper to use. B．Cai Lun invented paper about 2000 years ago. C．About 48,000 trees can be used to make 2,800 tons of paper. D．There is no need to rush to plant new trees. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了纸币的历史、纸张的来源、浪费纸张的严重性以及节约纸张的方法，旨在呼吁人们节约用纸，保护树木。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In western countries, people did not use paper money until the 15th century. However, people in China began to use paper money in the 7th century.”可知，西方人直到15世纪才开始使用纸币，而中国人在7世纪就开始使用纸币了，因此中国人比西方人更早开始使用纸币。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Every day, people throw away about 2,800 tons of paper in our city. It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper. This means that we are cutting nearly 48,000 trees every day.”可知，作者提到每天扔掉的纸张数量和制造一吨纸所需的树木数量，是为了展示由于纸张使用而浪费的树木数量之多。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。第三段和第四段主要讲述了纸张的来源是树木，而人们每天浪费大量纸张，导致大量树木被砍伐，同时树木生长缓慢，因此必须开始节约用纸，否则将没有足够的时间种植更多的树木来替代我们用于造纸的树木。因此，这两段的主要目的是警告人们浪费纸张的问题及其影响。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“We can use both sides of every piece of paper, especially when we are making notes. We can choose drinks in bottles instead of those in paper packets. We can also use cotton handkerchiefs and not paper ones. When we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags. If the shop assistant does give us a paper bag, we can save it and reuse it later.”可知，文章提到的节约纸张的方法包括：做笔记时使用纸张的两面、选择瓶装饮料而不是纸质包装的饮料、使用棉手帕而不是纸手帕、购物时少用纸袋并重复使用纸袋。因此，选项C“使用塑料手帕而不是棉手帕”不是文章提到的节约纸张的方法。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段“Since it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow, we must start using less paper now. If we don’t, we will not have enough time to grow more trees to take the place of those we use for paper.”可知，树木生长需要超过10年的时间，因此我们必须现在开始节约用纸，否则将没有足够的时间种植更多的树木来替代我们用于造纸的树木。因此，选项D“没有必要急于种植新树”是不正确的。故选D。 Do you pay attention to the technology in daily life? As technology keeps improving, our lives will be different from what they used to be like. In the future, we’ll have cooler and greener ways to travel. For example, solar cars (太阳能汽车) and electric cars will become more popular. Driverless vehicles (无人驾驶车辆) will also be common, making trips safer and easier. At work, artificial intelligence (AI) will help us do many things quickly. In factories, robots will do their jobs with high precision (精确性). We’ll study and communicate online, and everything will be connected through the Internet. Students might stay at home and learn online instead of going to school every day. They can watch interesting video lessons and talk with teachers and classmates in virtual (虚拟的) classrooms. Our homes will be full of high-technology devices (设备). Robots will help with housework. In factories, machines will replace workers, so factories won’t need too many workers. Robots can even be our friends. They’ll use AI to talk and play with us. We can get information and talk to others faster. We can enjoy food, have fun, and read news whenever we want. However, there might be some problems. With technology, we might become too lazy and spend much time on smart devices. Then many of us could even have problems with our mind and body. To stay healthy, we need to exercise and spend time outdoors. Schools could organize more outdoor activities, like hiking and cycling trips. Although life will be more convenient, we mustn’t forget to care about others or build real friendships. We can have face-to-face meetings with friends, share our experiences, and enjoy each other’s company. The future is exciting! With technology and our efforts, we can create a better world where people will live happily and healthily. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By using a saying. B．By asking a question. C．By showing the facts. D．By listing numbers. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A．There will be no teachers in the future. B．Children will spend most of their time playing. C．Robots can completely understand our feelings in the future. D．Many people may lose their jobs because of technology development. 3．What does the underlined word “replace” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．put on B．take the place of C．look at D．depend on 4．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．People should make good use of (充分利用) technology. B．Why technology can change our life so much. C．Technology can bring more problems than good points. D．What problems technology may bring and how to solve them. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．Life in the future. B．A world of machines C．New ways to work and learn. D．How technology changes our thinking. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文探讨了技术在未来生活中的广泛应用及其可能带来的积极和消极影响，并提出了保持健康和人际关系的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“Do you pay attention to the technology in daily life?”可知，作者通过提问的方式开始文章。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“In factories, machines will replace workers, so factories won’t need too many workers.”可以推断，技术的发展可能导致许多人失业。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“In factories, machines will replace workers, so factories won’t need too many workers.”可知，工厂里机器会代替工人，所以工厂不需要太多工人，因此“replace”的意思是“代替，取代”，与“take the place of”意思相近。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“However, there might be some problems. With technology, we might become too lazy and spend much time on smart devices. Then many of us could even have problems with our mind and body. To stay healthy, we need to exercise and spend time outdoors.”可知，第四段主要讨论了科技可能带来的问题以及如何解决这些问题。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。文章主要讨论了未来生活中技术的应用及其可能带来的影响，包括交通、工作、学习和家庭生活等方面。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $