Unit 1 Career talks 一般现在时的被动语态 (语法讲解+分层精练）-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

Unit 1 Career talks （一般现在时被动语态） （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 1. 核心概念 2 2. 基本结构与句式 2 否定句 2 一般疑问句 2 特殊疑问句 2 3. 主动语态与被动语态的转换 2 转换三步法 2 转换示例 2 4. 双宾语的被动语态转换 2 主动句 2 被动句 2 另一种. 2 5. 使用注意事项与易错点 3 必用被动语态的情况 3 不用被动语态的情况 3 二、中考题型练习 3 第一部分：单项选择 3 第二部分：句型转换 4 第三部分：语法填空 5 一、语法讲解 1. 核心概念 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 使用被动语态通常为了强调动作的承受者本身、动作执行者不明确或不重要，或在正式场合（如通知、说明）中使表达更客观 2. 基本结构与句式 基本结构为：am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词 肯定句 结构：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者). 例句：The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都被打扫 否定句 结构：主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词. 例句：This camera is not made in Japan. 这个相机不是日本制造的 一般疑问句 结构：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词? 例句：Is English spoken in many countries? 许多国家都说英语吗？ 特殊疑问句 结构：疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词? 例句：Where is tea grown? 茶产自哪里？ 3. 主动语态与被动语态的转换 转换三步法：①宾变主（宾语变主语）②谓变被（谓语变为be+过去分词）③主变宾（原主语置于by后，可省略） 转换示例 主动句：Farmers plant these trees every spring.（农民每年春天种这些树 ） 被动句：These trees are planted (by farmers) every spring.（这些树每年春天被种下 ） 4. 双宾语的被动语态转换 有些动词（如 give, show, offer, teach）可以跟两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语） 转换时，通常将指人的间接宾语变为被动句主语更自然 转换示例 主动句：My uncle gave **me** a book.（我叔叔给了我一本书 ） 被动句：**I** was given a book by my uncle.（我被叔叔给了一本书 ） 另一种（不常用）：A book was given to me by my uncle. 5. 使用注意事项与易错点 必用被动语态的情况 1. 动作执行者不明确或不必说出：The windows are cleaned once a week.（窗户每周清洁一次 ） 2. 强调动作承受者：The new teacher is liked by all the students.（新老师被所有学生喜欢 ） 3. 正式文体（公告、科技文章）：No food or drink is allowed in the library.（图书馆内禁止饮食 ） 不用被动语态的情况 1. 句子主语是动作的执行者（用主动语态） 2. 不及物动词（没有宾语）没有被动语态，如 happen（发生）， appear（出现）， disappear（消失）等 3. 系动词（如 look， feel， smell， sound， taste）用主动形式表被动含义：The milk tastes sour.（牛奶尝起来酸了 ） 4. 某些表示事物内在属性或状态的动词，常用主动形式表被动，常与 well， easily 等副词连用： This kind of shirt sells well.（这种衬衫很畅销 ） The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流畅 ） 二、中考题型练习 第一部分：单项选择 请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案 1. Every year, a lot of useful information ______ on the Internet. A. shares B. is shared C. are shared D. shared 2. —What language ______ in Canada? — Both English and French. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. was spoken 3. The flowers in the garden ______ every morning by my grandfather. A. are watered B. water C. watered D. were watered 4. —Your classroom is so clean! — Yes, it ______ after school every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned 5. Plastic bags ______ in many supermarkets to protect the environment now. A. don't use B. aren't used C. didn't use D. weren't used 6. —______ this kind of sweater ______ of wool? — Yes, and it's made in Inner Mongolia. A. Is; made B. Does; make C. Did; make D. Was; made 7. The children ______ not ______ to play computer games on weekdays. A. do; allow B. are; allowed C. do; allowed D. are; allowing 8. A present ______ to me by my best friend on my last birthday. A. gives B. gave C. is given D. was given 9. The old man ______ good care of by the volunteers in the community. A. takes B. is taken C. are taken D. took 10. This song ______ by millions of people. It's really popular. A. loves B. is loved C. loved D. was loved 11. —What are the rules in your school? — Mobile phones ______ in class. A. can't use B. can't be used C. aren't use D. aren't be used 12. —Who ______ this delicious cake? — It ______ by my mother. A. makes; makes B. made; made C. makes; is made D. is made; makes 13. In some museums, visitors ______ to touch the exhibits（展品）. A. ask not B. aren't asked C. don't ask D. asked not 14. —How does this machine work? — Well, when the green button ______, it starts. A. presses B. is pressed C. will press D. will be pressed 15. The news about the sports meeting ______ over the school radio right now. A. announces B. is announced C. announced D. was announced 第二部分：句型转换 根据括号内要求，完成句型转换，每空一词 1. People grow rice in the south of China.（改为被动语态） Rice ______ ______ in the south of China. 2. The students don't clean the library every day.（改为被动语态） The library ______ ______ by the students every day. 3. Are the letters delivered by the postman in the afternoon?（改为主动语态） ______ the postman ______ the letters in the afternoon? 4. They use keys to open this door.（改为被动语态） This door ______ ______ with keys. 5. My father gave me a new bike as my birthday gift.（改为被动语态，以“I”作主语） I ______ ______ a new bike by my father as my birthday gift. 第三部分：语法填空 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1. English, as an international language, ______ (speak) in many countries. 2. —Who ______ (look) after the baby now? — She ______ (look) after by her grandmother. She's good at it. 3. This kind of glasses ______ (sell) well because it's comfortable and cheap. 4. It ______ (report) that a new park ______ (build) in our city next year. 5. The rules must ______ (follow) by everyone in the museum. 答案与解析 第一部分：单项选择 1. B 主语“information”是不可数名词，谓语用单数 一般现在时被动语态结构为 am/is/are + done 2. B 问句主语“language”是动作承受者，用被动语态 描述客观情况用一般现在时 3. A 主语“flowers”是复数，且有“every morning”表示经常性动作，用一般现在时被动语态 4. B 教室是被打扫的，用被动语态 “every day”标志一般现在时 5. B 塑料袋“不被使用”，用被动语态的否定形式 “now”表示现在的情况 6. A 询问“这种毛衣是否由羊毛制成”，主语是承受者，用一般现在时被动语态的一般疑问句 7. B 孩子们“不被允许”，用被动语态的否定形式 am/is/are not done 8. D 礼物“被给”，用被动语态 时间状语“on my last birthday”表明是过去 9. B 主语“The old man”是单数，是被照顾的对象 10. B 这首歌“被喜爱”，用被动语态 描述当前受欢迎的状态用一般现在时 11. B 手机“不能被使用”，含有情态动词 can 的被动语态结构为 情态动词 + be + done 12. C 第一空问动作执行者，用主动语态；第二空答语主语“It”指蛋糕，是承受者，用被动语态 13. B 游客“不被要求”，用一般现在时被动语态的否定式 14. B 按钮“被按下”，用被动语态 陈述一般性操作原理，用一般现在时 15. B 新闻“被广播” 时间状语“right now”在此语境中表示经常性、制度性安排，用一般现在时 第二部分：句型转换 1. is grown 主语“Rice”不可数，用 is 2. isn't cleaned 主语“The library”单数 3. Does； deliver 原句是一般现在时被动语态的一般疑问句，改为主动语态后，主语是“the postman”，谓语用 does 构成疑问，动词恢复原形 4. is opened 主语“This door”单数 5. was given 原句时态为一般过去时，改为被动语态后也需用过去时（was/were + done） 以“I”作主语，be动词用 was 第三部分：语法填空 1. is spoken 描述客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态 2. is looking； is looked 第一空强调“现在谁在照顾”，用现在进行时主动语态；第二空说明“她现在被奶奶照顾”，用一般现在时被动语态 3. sells 此处sell表示“销售情况”，用主动形式表被动含义 4. is reported； will be built 句型 It is reported that... 表示“据报道……”；从句中“next year”表明用一般将来时被动语态 will be built 5. be followed 含有情态动词 must 的被动语态结构为 情态动词 + be + done 如果在练习中，你对“主动表被动”或“双宾语转换”等某个具体部分感到困惑，我可以为你提供更详细的例子和讲解 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Career talks （一般现在时被动语态） （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 1. 核心概念 1 2. 基本结构与句式 2 否定句 2 一般疑问句 2 特殊疑问句 2 3. 主动语态与被动语态的转换 2 转换三步法 2 转换示例 2 4. 双宾语的被动语态转换 2 主动句 2 被动句 2 另一种. 2 5. 使用注意事项与易错点 2 必用被动语态的情况 2 不用被动语态的情况 3 二、中考题型练习 3 第一部分：单项选择 3 第二部分：句型转换 4 第三部分：语法填空 5 一、语法讲解 1. 核心概念 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 使用被动语态通常为了强调动作的承受者本身、动作执行者不明确或不重要，或在正式场合（如通知、说明）中使表达更客观 2. 基本结构与句式 基本结构为：am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词 肯定句 结构：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者). 例句：The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都被打扫 否定句 结构：主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词. 例句：This camera is not made in Japan. 这个相机不是日本制造的 一般疑问句 结构：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词? 例句：Is English spoken in many countries? 许多国家都说英语吗？ 特殊疑问句 结构：疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词? 例句：Where is tea grown? 茶产自哪里？ 3. 主动语态与被动语态的转换 转换三步法：①宾变主（宾语变主语）②谓变被（谓语变为be+过去分词）③主变宾（原主语置于by后，可省略） 转换示例 主动句：Farmers plant these trees every spring.（农民每年春天种这些树 ） 被动句：These trees are planted (by farmers) every spring.（这些树每年春天被种下 ） 4. 双宾语的被动语态转换 有些动词（如 give, show, offer, teach）可以跟两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语） 转换时，通常将指人的间接宾语变为被动句主语更自然 转换示例 主动句：My uncle gave **me** a book.（我叔叔给了我一本书 ） 被动句：**I** was given a book by my uncle.（我被叔叔给了一本书 ） 另一种（不常用）：A book was given to me by my uncle. 5. 使用注意事项与易错点 必用被动语态的情况 1. 动作执行者不明确或不必说出：The windows are cleaned once a week.（窗户每周清洁一次 ） 2. 强调动作承受者：The new teacher is liked by all the students.（新老师被所有学生喜欢 ） 3. 正式文体（公告、科技文章）：No food or drink is allowed in the library.（图书馆内禁止饮食 ） 不用被动语态的情况 1. 句子主语是动作的执行者（用主动语态） 2. 不及物动词（没有宾语）没有被动语态，如 happen（发生）， appear（出现）， disappear（消失）等 3. 系动词（如 look， feel， smell， sound， taste）用主动形式表被动含义：The milk tastes sour.（牛奶尝起来酸了 ） 4. 某些表示事物内在属性或状态的动词，常用主动形式表被动，常与 well， easily 等副词连用： This kind of shirt sells well.（这种衬衫很畅销 ） The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流畅 ） 二、中考题型练习 第一部分：单项选择 请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案 1. Every year, a lot of useful information ______ on the Internet. A. shares B. is shared C. are shared D. shared 2. —What language ______ in Canada? — Both English and French. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. was spoken 3. The flowers in the garden ______ every morning by my grandfather. A. are watered B. water C. watered D. were watered 4. —Your classroom is so clean! — Yes, it ______ after school every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned 5. Plastic bags ______ in many supermarkets to protect the environment now. A. don't use B. aren't used C. didn't use D. weren't used 6. —______ this kind of sweater ______ of wool? — Yes, and it's made in Inner Mongolia. A. Is; made B. Does; make C. Did; make D. Was; made 7. The children ______ not ______ to play computer games on weekdays. A. do; allow B. are; allowed C. do; allowed D. are; allowing 8. A present ______ to me by my best friend on my last birthday. A. gives B. gave C. is given D. was given 9. The old man ______ good care of by the volunteers in the community. A. takes B. is taken C. are taken D. took 10. This song ______ by millions of people. It's really popular. A. loves B. is loved C. loved D. was loved 11. —What are the rules in your school? — Mobile phones ______ in class. A. can't use B. can't be used C. aren't use D. aren't be used 12. —Who ______ this delicious cake? — It ______ by my mother. A. makes; makes B. made; made C. makes; is made D. is made; makes 13. In some museums, visitors ______ to touch the exhibits（展品）. A. ask not B. aren't asked C. don't ask D. asked not 14. —How does this machine work? — Well, when the green button ______, it starts. A. presses B. is pressed C. will press D. will be pressed 15. The news about the sports meeting ______ over the school radio right now. A. announces B. is announced C. announced D. was announced 第二部分：句型转换 根据括号内要求，完成句型转换，每空一词 1. People grow rice in the south of China.（改为被动语态） Rice ______ ______ in the south of China. 2. The students don't clean the library every day.（改为被动语态） The library ______ ______ by the students every day. 3. Are the letters delivered by the postman in the afternoon?（改为主动语态） ______ the postman ______ the letters in the afternoon? 4. They use keys to open this door.（改为被动语态） This door ______ ______ with keys. 5. My father gave me a new bike as my birthday gift.（改为被动语态，以“I”作主语） I ______ ______ a new bike by my father as my birthday gift. 第三部分：语法填空 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1. English, as an international language, ______ (speak) in many countries. 2. —Who ______ (look) after the baby now? — She ______ (look) after by her grandmother. She's good at it. 3. This kind of glasses ______ (sell) well because it's comfortable and cheap. 4. It ______ (report) that a new park ______ (build) in our city next year. 5. The rules must ______ (follow) by everyone in the museum. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $