Unit 5 单词讲解表 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

外研英语八下Unit5单词讲解表 单词 核心搭配 重点考点 经典例句 dinosaur /'da n s / n. 恐龙 dinosaur fossil 恐龙化石;dinosaur park 恐龙公园;extinct dinosaur 灭绝的恐龙 1. 可数名词,复数直接加s(dinosaurs);2. 科普类阅读高频词,常与extinct(灭绝的)搭配 We learned about dinosaurs in our science class yesterday. feather /'fe / n. 羽毛,翎 bird feather 鸟类羽毛;feather pillow 羽毛枕头;light as a feather 轻如鸿毛 1. 可数名词,复数为feathers;2. 高频短语:light as a feather(形容极轻,常考短语填空) The bird has beautiful feathers on its wings and tail. feather-covered /'fe k v d/ adj. 羽毛覆盖的 feather-covered dinosaur 羽毛覆盖的恐龙;feather-covered body 羽毛覆盖的身体 1. 构词法:feather(名词,羽毛)+ covered(形容词,覆盖的),合成形容词;2. 多用于描述恐龙、鸟类的外形特征,不超纲 Scientists found fossils of feather-covered dinosaurs last year. lizard /'l z d/ n. 蜥蜴 desert lizard 沙漠蜥蜴;small lizard 小蜥蜴;lizard skin 蜥蜴皮 可数名词,复数为lizards,常用于科普文中描述爬行动物,用法简单无复杂考点 A small lizard ran across the hot sand quickly. amber /' mb / n. 琥珀 amber necklace 琥珀项链;amber fossil 琥珀化石;clear amber 透明琥珀 1. 不可数名词,不能直接加s,表达“一块琥珀”用a piece of amber;2. 常考科普场景:琥珀中包裹古生物 The small insect in the amber lived millions of years ago. whether /'we / conj. 是否 whether...or not 是否;whether to do sth. 是否做某事;I don’t know whether... 我不知道是否…… 1. 可引导宾语从句、状语从句,八下重点掌握宾语从句用法;2. 易混辨析:可与or not直接连用,if通常不与or not连用(基础考点) I don’t know whether he will come to our party tomorrow. northern /'n n/ adj. 北部的 northern city 北部城市;northern China 华北;northern climate 北方气候 1. 派生词:由north(n./adj. 北方)+ ern(形容词后缀)构成;2. 只能作定语,修饰名词(如城市、地区) The northern part of our country is very cold in winter. species /'spi i z/ n. 物种 endangered species 濒危物种;animal species 动物物种;new species 新物种 1. 重点考点:单复数同形(无论数量多少,均用species);2. 高频搭配:endangered species(濒危物种),常考作文、阅读 We must protect endangered species from extinction. unknown / n'n n/ adj. 未知的 unknown place 未知的地方;unknown species 未知物种;remain unknown 仍然未知 1. 构词法:un(否定前缀,表“不”)+ known(已知的);2. 可作形容词(表“未知的”),也可作名词(表“未知的人/事物”),八下重点掌握形容词用法 The cause of the small accident remains unknown to us. African /' fr k n/ adj. 非洲的;非洲人的 n. 非洲人 African country 非洲国家;African culture 非洲文化;African elephant 非洲象 兼作形容词和名词,用法简单;八下重点掌握形容词用法,常搭配国家、动物、文化等名词 She is studying African history in our school. belief /b 'li f/ n. 观点;信仰 religious belief 宗教信仰;belief in sth. 对……的信念;beyond belief 难以置信 1. 派生词:由believe(v. 相信)变名词而来(去e加ief);2. 高频短语:beyond belief(难以置信),易考翻译、短语填空 Her belief in hard work helped her get good grades. fully /'f li/ adv. 完全地;充分地 fully understand 完全理解;fully prepare 充分准备;fully develop 充分发展 1. 派生词:由full(adj. 完全的)+ ly(副词后缀)构成;2. 同义词:completely、totally(均为八下大纲内词汇),可替换使用 I fully agree with your opinion about this matter. unlock / n'l k/ v. 揭开;解锁 unlock the door 开门;unlock the secrets 揭开秘密;unlock one’s potential 发掘潜力 1. 构词法:un(否定前缀,表“打开、解开”)+ lock(v. 锁);2. 八下重点:unlock the secrets of sth.(揭开某物的秘密),科普文高频 Scientists are trying to unlock the secrets of the universe. newspaper /'nju z pe p / n. 报纸 daily newspaper 日报;read a newspaper 看报纸;school newspaper 校报 1. 可数名词,复数为newspapers;2. 构词法:news(新闻)+ paper(纸),注意:“看报纸”用read a newspaper,不用see My grandfather reads the newspaper every morning after breakfast. writing /'ra t / n. 写作;文字 writing skill 写作技巧;daily writing 日常写作;in writing 以书面形式 1. 派生词:由write(v. 写)变名词而来(去e加ing);2. 可作可数/不可数名词,八下重点掌握writing skill(写作技巧) She is good at creative writing and often wins prizes. style /sta l/ n. 风格;样式 fashion style 时尚风格;writing style 写作风格;unique style 独特风格 可数名词,复数为styles;2. 高频短语:in style(时髦)、out of style(过时),基础短语考点 Her painting style is very unique and beautiful. method /'me d/ n. 方法 teaching method 教学方法;new method 新方法;method of doing sth. 做某事的方法 1. 可数名词,复数为methods;2. 易混辨析:侧重“系统、科学的方法”,区别于泛指的way(八下基础辨析) We need a better method to solve this difficult problem. text /tekst/ n. 文字材料;课文 text message 短信;read the text 读课文;text book 课本 可作可数/不可数名词,八下重点:text作“课文”讲时,为可数名词;高频搭配:text message(短信)、text book(课本) Please read the text carefully and answer the questions. alive / 'la v/ adj. 有活力的;活着的 stay alive 存活;alive and well 健在;come alive 变得生动 1. 用法重点:只能作表语或后置定语,不能作前置定语;2. 易混辨析:侧重“活着的状态”,区别于living(现存的,可作前置定语) The small fish is still alive in the cold water. argument /' jum nt/ n. 论点;争论 have an argument 争论;strong argument 有力论据;argument about sth. 关于某事的争论 1. 派生词:由argue(v. 争论)变名词而来(去e加ment);2. 可数名词,复数为arguments,重点掌握have an argument(争论) His argument was based on scientific facts and very convincing. board /b d/ n. 布告牌;木板;董事会 notice board 布告栏;on board 在船/飞机上;board meeting 董事会 兼作名词和动词,八下重点掌握名词用法;高频短语:on board(在船/飞机上)、notice board(布告栏) Please put your name on the notice board outside the classroom. model /'m dl/ n. 模型;模特;模范 model plane 飞机模型;fashion model 时装模特;role model 榜样 兼作名词和动词,八下重点掌握名词用法;高频考点:role model(榜样),常考作文 He made a beautiful model car with his father last weekend. planet /'pl n t/ n. 行星 planet Earth 地球;solar planet 太阳系行星;distant planet 遥远行星 可数名词,复数为planets;常考科普场景:太阳系行星相关词汇,用法简单 Mars is the fourth planet from the sun in the solar system. clear /kl / v. 清除 adj. 清楚的;晴朗的 clear the table 清理桌子;clear up 放晴;make clear 弄清楚 兼作动词和形容词,八下重点掌握两种词性;高频短语:clear up(放晴、清理)、make clear(弄清楚) Please clear your desk before the final exam. upload / p'l d/ v. 上传 upload a file 上传文件;upload a photo 上传照片;upload to the Internet 上传到互联网 1. 构词法:up(向上)+ load(加载);2. 重点考点:反义词是download(下载),均为八下大纲内词汇 I need to upload the video to the school website today. whale /we l/ n. 鲸 blue whale 蓝鲸;whale watching 观鲸;whale shark 鲸鲨 可数名词,复数为whales;常考科普、环保类话题:濒危海洋生物,重点掌握blue whale(蓝鲸) The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth. boiling /'b l / adj. 滚烫的 boiling water 沸水;boiling hot 滚烫;boiling point 沸点 1. 派生词:由boil(v. 沸腾)+ ing构成(表“正在沸腾的,滚烫的”);2. 高频考点:boiling point(沸点)、boiling water(沸水) Be careful! The water in the pot is boiling. chemical /'kem k l/ n. 化学品 adj. 化学的 chemical factory 化工厂;chemical reaction 化学反应;chemical waste 化学废料 1. 兼作名词和形容词;2. 派生词:由chemistry(n. 化学,八下词汇)变来,重点掌握形容词用法 We must be careful with dangerous chemicals in the lab. endless /'endl s/ adj. 无限的;无数的 endless ocean 无边海洋;endless work 没完没了的工作;endless possibilities 无限可能 构词法:end(n. 尽头)+ less(否定后缀,表“无……的”),合成形容词,用法简单 The desert seems endless under the hot sun. sight /sa t/ n. 视力;景象 lose one’s sight 失明;beautiful sight 美景;at first sight 第一眼 可作可数/不可数名词;高频短语:at first sight(第一眼)、lose one’s sight(失明),易考短语填空 Her sight is getting worse because she often uses phones. anybody /'eni b di/ pron. 任何人 anybody else 其他人;Is anybody there? 有人在吗?;anybody can do it 任何人都能做 1. 不定代词,用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中;2. 同义词:anyone(可互换,八下重点掌握) If anybody needs help, please let me know. magnifier /'m n fa / n. 放大镜 use a magnifier 用放大镜;handheld magnifier 手持放大镜;magnifier glass 放大镜 构词法:magnify(v. 放大)+ er(工具后缀,表“……工具”);用于观察微小事物,用法简单 The detective used a magnifier to look for small clues. wealth /wel / n. 财富 great wealth 巨额财富;wealth of knowledge 丰富知识;health is wealth 健康就是财富 1. 不可数名词,不能直接加s,表达“一笔财富”用a wealth of;2. 高频谚语:health is wealth(健康就是财富),常考作文 He donated his great wealth to charity to help others. hardly /'h dli/ adv. 几乎不 hardly ever 几乎从不;hardly...when... 一……就……;can hardly believe 几乎不敢相信 1. 否定副词,置于实义动词前、助动词/情态动词后;2. 高频考点:hardly ever(几乎从不)、hardly...when...(基础句型) I hardly ever watch TV on weekdays because I have much homework. belong /b 'l / v. 属于;应在某处 belong to 属于;belong here 属于这里;belong with sb. 应和某人在一起 1. 高频考点:belong to(属于),无被动语态、不用于进行时;2. 注意:belong to 后接人/物,不能接名词所有格 This English book belongs to my sister, not me. granddaughter /' r n d t / n. 孙女;外孙女 my granddaughter 我的孙女;granddaughter of... ……的孙女;little granddaughter 小孙女 1. 构词法:grand(隔辈前缀)+ daughter(女儿);2. 对应词:grandson(孙子;外孙),均为八下基础词汇 His granddaughter is very cute and likes drawing pictures. 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