Unit 3 Health（易错题专项练习·基础知识）英语鲁科版五年级下册

Unit 3 Health 专题01 基础知识·易错题专项训练 1.health / healthy 词性与用法辨析 2.ill / sick 用法辨析 3.take some medicine / have a rest 固定搭配 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 高频易错点01 We should keep healthy. 易错点提示 health：名词，意为“健康”，常作主语/宾语（如：Health is important.）。 healthy：形容词，意为“健康的”，常作表语/定语（如：He is healthy. / a healthy diet）。 混淆词性，误用“health”作表语/定语，或误用“healthy”作主语/宾语。 小练笔 ( )1. ______ is very important for us. We should eat ______ food. A. Health; healthy B. Healthy; health C. Health; health D. Healthy; healthy ( )2.We should do sports every day to keep ______. A. health B. healthy C. ill D. sick 3.翻译：吃水果对我们的健康有好处。 → Eating fruit is good for our ______. 4.改为同义句：She has a healthy lifestyle. → Her lifestyle is ______. 5.健康的饮食能帮助我们保持健康。（翻译句子） → A ______ diet can help us keep ______. 点拨 1.选A。第一空作主语，用名词“Health”；第二空修饰名词“food”，用形容词“healthy”，故选A。 2.选B。“keep + 形容词”表“保持某种状态”，“keep healthy”意为“保持健康”，故选B。 3.答案：health。“我们的健康”中“健康”是名词，用“health”。 4.答案：healthy。原句“a healthy lifestyle”可转换为“Her lifestyle is healthy”，用形容词作表语。 5.答案：healthy；healthy。第一空修饰“diet”用形容词“healthy”，第二空“keep healthy”是固定搭配。 高频易错点02 I don’t feel well. I feel cold. 易错点提示 ill：仅作表语，意为“生病的”（如：She is ill.）。 sick：可作表语/定语，意为“生病的”（如：He feels sick. / a sick boy）。 误用“ill”作定语（如“an ill boy”是错误表达）。 小练笔 ( )1. The ______ man needs to see a doctor. A. ill B. sick C. well D. better ( )2. She ______ and can’t go to school today. A. is ill B. is sick C. feels sick D. All of the above 3.翻译：那个生病的女孩正在床上休息。 → The ______ girl is resting in bed. 4.改为同义句：He is ill. → He ______ ______. 5.他妈妈生病了，他不得不照顾她。（翻译句子） → His mother is ______, so he ______ ______ look after her. 点拨 1.选B。“ill”不能作定语，修饰“man”用“sick”，故选B。 2.选D。“is ill”“is sick”“feels sick”都可表示“生病”，故选D。 3.答案：sick。修饰“girl”作定语，用“sick”。 4.答案：feels sick。“is ill”可转换为“feels sick”，表“感觉生病”。 5.答案：ill/sick；has to。第一空作表语，“ill/sick”均可；第二空“不得不”用“has to”。 高频易错点03 take some medicine：固定搭配，意为“吃药”（medicine是不可数名词，不能加“s”）。 have a rest / take a rest：固定搭配，意为“休息”。 易错点提示 误用“eat medicine”表达“吃药”，或给“medicine”加复数“s”。 小练笔 ( )1.You have a bad cold. You should ______. A. eat some medicines B. take some medicine C. take some medicines D. eat a medicine ( )2. You look tired. You need to ______. A. have a rest B. take a rest C. rest D. All of the above 3.翻译：医生让我吃点药并好好休息。 → The doctor told me to ______ ______ ______ and ______ ______ ______ ______. 4.改为同义句：Take a good rest. → ______ ______ ______ ______. 5.你应该每天吃三次药。（翻译句子） → You should ______ ______ ______ three times a day. 点拨 1.选B。“吃药”用“take some medicine”，medicine不可数，故选B。 2.选D。“have a rest”“take a rest”“rest”都可表示“休息”，故选D。 3.答案：take some medicine；take a good rest。“吃药”用“take some medicine”，“好好休息”用“take a good rest”。 4.答案：Have a good rest。“take a rest”可转换为“have a rest”。 5.答案：take some medicine。“吃药”用“take some medicine”，固定搭配。 综合训练 一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1.We should pay attention to our ______ (health) and eat more vegetables. 2.My grandma feels ______ (sick) today, so she needs to see a doctor. 3.The doctor told him ______ (take) some medicine after meals. 4.Look! The students ______ (do) sports on the playground to keep fit. 5.She ______ (not feel) well yesterday, so she stayed at home. 6.It's our duty to keep our living environment ______ (healthy). 7.My father usually ______ (have) a rest after lunch to relax himself. 8.The ______ (ill) boy was taken to the hospital by his parents. 9.You don't ______ (have to) worry about me. I can take care of myself. 10.They ______ (try) on the new sports shoes yesterday, but they didn't fit. 二、单项选择题 ( )1. Eating more fresh fruit is good for our ______. A. healthy B. health C. ill D. sick ( )2. The ______ girl can't go to school because she has a bad cold. A. ill B. sick C. well D. healthy ( )3. You have a fever. You should ______ and drink more water. A. take some medicines B. eat some medicine C. take some medicine D. eat a medicine ( )4. We should do exercise every day ______ keep healthy. A. so B. so that C. in order to D. in order that ( )5. —How do you feel now? —I feel ______. I think I need to have a rest. A. healthy B. tired C. good D. well ( )6. My mother always tells me ______ too much junk food. A. not eat B. to not eat C. not to eat D. don't eat ( )7. Each of us ______ a healthy lifestyle is important. A. think B. thinks C. thinking D. to think ( )8. —Must I finish the work today? —No, you ______. But you ______ finish it tomorrow. A. mustn't; have to B. don't have to; must C. can't; must D. don't have to; have to ( )9. The old man walked slowly because he was ______. A. healthy B. sick C. well D. happy ( )10. It's time for you ______ to bed. Staying up late is bad for your health. A. Go B. to go C. going D. goes 三、句型转换 1.He is healthy.（改为同义句） He is in good ______. 2.She has to take some medicine.（改为否定句） She ______ ______ ______ take any medicine. 3.We should keep healthy by doing sports.（对画线部分提问） ______ ______ we keep healthy? 4.The sick boy is lying on the bed.（对画线部分提问） ______ ______ is lying on the bed? 5.Eating too much sugar is bad for our teeth.（改为同义句） Eating too much sugar ______ ______ ______ our teeth. 6.保持健康对每个人来说都很重要。（翻译句子） ______ ______ ______ is very important for everyone. 7.那个生病的老人需要好好休息。（翻译句子） The ______ old man needs to ______ ______ ______ ______. 8.我们不必每天都吃肉类，但要保证饮食均衡。（翻译句子） We ______ ______ ______ eat meat every day, but we should keep a balanced diet. 四、汉译英，根据中文提示补全句子 1.健康的饮食能帮助我们远离疾病。 A ______ diet can help us keep away from ______. 2.他昨天感冒了，所以不得不请假。 He had a cold yesterday, so he ______ ______ ask for leave. 3.医生建议我多喝温水并好好休息。 The doctor advised me to drink more warm water and ______ ______ ______ ______. 4.每天做半小时运动对健康有益。 Doing exercise for half an hour every day ______ ______ ______ health. 5.那个穿着红色外套的女孩看起来很健康。 The girl ______ the red coat looks very ______. 6.我们应该关注自己的健康，早睡早起。 We should pay attention to our ______ and ______ ______ early and ______ ______ early. 7.她妈妈生病了，她正在照顾她。 Her mother is ______, and she is ______ ______ her. 8.不要吃太多垃圾食品，它会让你生病。 Don't eat too much junk food. It will make you ______. 9.每位学生都应该知道如何保持健康。 ______ student should know how to keep ______. 10.他试穿了那件新外套，但它不合适。 He ______ ______ the new coat, but it didn't ______. 参考答案 一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. health 2. sick 3. to take 4. are doing 5. didn't feel 6. healthy 7. has 8. sick 9. have to 10. tried 1. health 解析：形容词性物主代词“our”后需接名词，“health”是“healthy”的名词形式，意为“健康”，句意为“我们应该关注我们的健康，多吃蔬菜”。 2. sick 解析：“feel”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，“sick”为形容词，意为“生病的”，句意为“我奶奶今天感觉不舒服，所以她需要去看医生”。 3. to take 解析：“tell sb. to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“告诉某人做某事”，故填动词不定式“to take”，句意为“医生告诉她饭后吃些药”。 4. are doing 解析：“Look!”提示动作正在进行，需用现在进行时（be + 现在分词）；主语“the students”是复数，be动词用“are”，“do”的现在分词是“doing”，句意为“看！学生们正在操场上做运动保持健康”。 5. didn't feel 解析：句中“yesterday”表明是一般过去时，否定句需借助助动词“didn't”，后接动词原形“feel”，句意为“她昨天感觉不舒服，所以待在了家里”。 6. healthy 解析：“keep + 宾语 + 形容词”是固定用法，意为“使……保持某种状态”，“healthy”为形容词，意为“健康的”，句意为“保持我们的生活环境健康是我们的责任”。 7. has 解析：“usually”提示是一般现在时，主语“my father”是第三人称单数，谓语动词需用三单形式，“have”的三单形式是“has”，句意为“我爸爸通常午饭后休息一下放松自己”。 8. sick 解析：此处需用形容词修饰名词“boy”，“ill”作定语时通常后置，“sick”可前置修饰名词，意为“生病的”，句意为“那个生病的男孩被他的父母送到了医院”。 9. have to 解析：助动词“don't”后接动词原形，“have to”为固定短语，意为“不得不”，句意为“你不必担心我，我能照顾好自己”。 10. tried 解析：句中“yesterday”表明是一般过去时，“try”的过去式是“tried”，句意为“他们昨天试穿了那双新运动鞋，但是不合脚”。 二、单项选择题 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. B 1. B 解析：形容词性物主代词“our”后需接名词，A、D选项为形容词，C选项“ill”为形容词（表“生病的”），B选项“health”为名词（表“健康”），符合语境“多吃新鲜水果对我们的健康有益”，故选B。 2. D 解析：句中“are”提示需用现在进行时（be + 现在分词），排除A、B选项；“show sth. to sb.”是固定短语，意为“给某人展示某物”，排除C选项，故选D。 3. C 解析：指代前文的“the shoes”（复数），需用复数代词，排除A、D选项；“try on”接代词时，代词需放中间，“they”的宾格形式是“them”，故选C。 4. C 解析：空格后“keep healthy”是动词短语，需用不定式结构表目的；A选项“so”是连词，后接句子；B、D选项“so that”“in order that”后均接从句，C选项“in order to”后接动词原形，表“为了”，故选C。 5. B 解析：根据后文“我认为我需要休息”，可知此处表达“疲惫的”；A选项“healthy”（健康的）、C选项“good”（好的）、D选项“well”（身体好的）均不符合语境，B选项“tired”（疲惫的）符合，故选B。 6. C 解析：“tell sb. not to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，否定词“not”需放在不定式符号“to”前，故选C。 7. B 解析：“each of us”作主语时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，A选项为原形，C选项为现在分词，D选项为不定式，B选项“thinks”为三单形式，故选B。 8. D 解析：问句用“Must”提问，否定回答用“don't have to”（不必），排除A、C选项；第二空表达“不得不”，主语是“you”，用“have to”，“must”表主观必须，此处无强制意味，故选D。 9. B 解析：根据“老人走得很慢”，可知原因是“生病的”；A选项“healthy”（健康的）、C选项“well”（身体好的）、D选项“happy”（开心的）均不符合语境，B选项“sick”（生病的）符合，故选B。 10. B 解析：“It's time for sb. to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“到某人做某事的时间了”，需接不定式“to go”，故选B。 三、句型转换 1. health 2. doesn't have to 3. How should 4. Which boy 5. is harmful to 6. Keeping good health 7. sick; have a good rest 8. don't have to 1. health 解析：“be healthy”意为“健康的”，同义表达为“be in good health”，“health”是名词，符合语法要求，句意为“他很健康”。 2. doesn't have to 解析：原句是一般现在时，主语“she”是第三人称单数，否定句需借助助动词“doesn't”，后接动词原形“have to”，句意为“她不必吃任何药”。 3. How should 解析：画线部分“by doing sports”是“保持健康”的方式，提问方式用“how”；原句含情态动词“should”，疑问句需将“should”提前，句意为“我们应该怎样保持健康？”。 4. Which boy 解析：画线部分“the sick”是“男孩”的定语，提问“哪一个男孩”用“which boy”，句意为“哪个男孩正躺在床上？”。 5. is harmful to 解析：“be bad for”意为“对……有害”，同义短语为“be harmful to”；主语是动名词短语“Eating too much sugar”，视为单数，be动词用“is”，句意为“吃太多糖对我们的牙齿有害”。 6. Keeping good health 解析：“保持健康”译为“keep good health”，此处需用动名词短语作主语，故将“keep”改为“keeping”，句意为“保持健康对每个人来说都很重要”。 7. sick; have a good rest 解析：“生病的”用形容词“sick”修饰名词“old man”；“好好休息”译为“have a good rest”，“need to”后接动词原形，符合语境“那个生病的老人需要好好休息”。 8. don't have to 解析：“不必”译为“don't have to”，主语是“we”，用助动词“don't”，后接动词原形，句意为“我们不必每天都吃肉类，但要保证饮食均衡”。 四、汉译英，根据中文提示补全句子 1. healthy; illnesses 2. had to 3. have a good rest 4. is good for 5. in; healthy 6. health; go to bed; get up 7. sick; looking after 8. sick 9. Each; healthy 10. tried on; fit 1. healthy; illnesses 解析：“健康的”用形容词“healthy”修饰名词“diet”；“疾病”用复数名词“illnesses”（表泛指），“keep away from illnesses”意为“远离疾病”，贴合句意。 2. had to 解析：句中“yesterday”表明是一般过去时，“have to”的过去式是“had to”，意为“不得不”，句意为“他昨天感冒了，所以不得不请假”。 3. have a good rest 解析：“advise sb. to do sth.”后接并列的动词原形，“好好休息”译为“have a good rest”，符合句意“医生建议我多喝温水并好好休息”。 4. is good for 解析：主语是动名词短语“ Doing exercise...”，视为单数，be动词用“is”；“对……有益”译为“be good for”，句意为“每天做半小时运动对健康有益”。 5. in; healthy 解析：“in + 衣服”表穿着状态，作后置定语；“look”是系动词，后接形容词“healthy”（健康的），句意为“那个穿着红色外套的女孩看起来很健康”。 6. health; go to bed; get up 解析：“我们的健康”用名词“health”（前有形容词性物主代词“our”）；“早睡”译为“go to bed early”，“早起”译为“get up early”，“should”后接动词原形，贴合句意。 7. sick; looking after 解析：“生病的”用形容词“sick”作表语；“照顾”译为“look after”，前有“is”，此处用现在进行时“looking after”，句意为“她妈妈生病了，她正在照顾她”。 8. sick 解析：“make sb. + 形容词”是固定用法，“生病的”用形容词“sick”，句意为“不要吃太多垃圾食品，它会让你生病”。 9. Each; healthy 解析：“每位学生”译为“each student”（“each”后接单数名词）；“保持健康”译为“keep healthy”，“keep”后接形容词，贴合句意。 10. tried on; fit 解析：根据后文“didn't fit”可知是一般过去时，“试穿”的过去式是“tried on”；“didn't”后接动词原形“fit”（合身），句意为“他试穿了那件新外套，但它不合适”。 第 1 页 共 18 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $