Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar and usage（分层作业）英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．make sure 2． 向……求助 3．watch over 4． 究竟；到底 5．go through 6． 状况良好 7．belong to 8． 同（一样也）；和；还 9．search for 10． 日日夜夜；夜以继日 【答案】 1．确保，设法保证 2．turn to... 3．保护，照管，监督 4．on earth 5．经历；度过；通读 6．in shape 7．属于 8．as well as 9．搜索，查找 10．day and night 【解析】 1．动词短语“make sure”的中文意思是“确保，设法保证”。故填：确保，设法保证。 2．短语“向……求助”的英文表达是“turn to...”。故填：turn to...。 3．动词短语“watch over”的中文意思是“保护，照管，监督”。故填：保护，照管，监督。 4．短语“究竟；到底”的英文表达是“on earth”。故填：on earth。 5．动词短语“go through”的中文意思是“经历；度过；通读”。故填：经历；度过；通读。 6．短语“状况良好”的英文表达是“in shape”。故填：in shape。 7．动词短语“belong to”的中文意思是“属于”。故填：属于。 8．短语“同（一样也）；和；还”的英文表达是“as well as”。故填：as well as。 9．动词短语“search for”的中文意思是“搜索，查找”。故填：搜索，查找。 10．短语“日日夜夜；夜以继日”的英文表达是“day and night”。故填：day and night。 二、选词填空 in tears; pick...up; belong to; according to; end up; in despair; a great deal of; complain about; make an attempt to; concentrate on 1．Many of their friends and neighbours have in prison. 2．As we all know,all power the people. 3．People how children spend so much time on computer games. 4．He pass the exam, but it was too difficult. 5．Anthony himself and set off along the track. 6．I can’t my study with all that noise going on. 7．You’ve been absent six times our records. 8．He gave up the struggle . 9．The little girl was because she’d lost her toy. 10．The report contains useful information. 【答案】 1．ended up 2．belongs to 3．complain about 4．made an attempt to 5． picked up 6．concentrate on 7．according to 8．in despair 9．in tears 10．a great deal of 【解析】 1．考查动词短语。句意：他们的许多朋友和邻居最终都进了监狱。根据句意及空后的“in prison”可知，空处应用end up“最终，结果”，表示许多朋友和邻居最终进了监狱，且空前有have，此处应用过去分词形式，构成现在完成时。故填ended up。 2．考查动词短语。句意：众所周知，一切权力属于人民。根据句意及空前的“all power”可知，空处应用belong to“属于”，表示权力属于人民，句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时，且主语是不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填belongs to。 3．考查动词短语。句意：人们抱怨孩子们花太多时间玩电脑游戏。根据句意及空后的“how children spend so much time on computer games”可知，空处应用complain about“抱怨”，表示人们抱怨孩子们花太多时间玩电脑游戏，且此句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填complain about。 4．考查动词短语。句意：他试图通过考试，但太难了。根据句意及空后的“pass the exam, but it was too difficult”可知，空处应用make an attempt to“试图，尝试”，表示他试图通过考试，但太难了，且根据was可知，此句应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填made an attempt to。 5．考查动词短语。句意：安东尼站起来，沿着跑道出发了。根据句意及空后的“himself”和“and set off along the track”可知，空处应用pick...up“捡起”，pick oneself up 为固定搭配，意为 “（跌倒后）站起身”，表示安东尼站起来，沿着跑道出发了，句子陈述过去的事实，此句应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填①picked②up。 6．考查动词短语。句意：噪音那么大，我无法集中精力学习。根据句意及空后的“my study with all that noise going on”可知，空处应用concentrate on“集中精力于”，表示噪音那么大，我无法集中精力学习，且空前有can’t，此处应用动词原形。故填concentrate on。 7．考查介词短语。句意：根据我们的记录，你已经缺席六次了。根据句意及空后的“our records”可知，空处应用according to“根据”，表示根据我们的记录，你已经缺席六次了。故填according to。 8．考查介词短语。句意：他绝望地放弃了斗争。根据句意及空前的“gave up the struggle”可知，空处应用in despair“绝望地”，表示他绝望地放弃了斗争。故填in despair。 9．考查介词短语。句意：小女孩哭了，因为她丢了玩具。根据句意及空后的“because she’d lost her toy”可知，空处应用in tears“哭着”，表示小女孩因为丢了玩具而哭了。故填in tears。 10．考查形容词短语。句意：这份报告包含了大量有用的信息。根据句意及空后的“useful information”可知，空处应用a great deal of“大量的”，表示这份报告包含了大量有用的信息，且information是不可数名词，应用a great deal of修饰。故填a great deal of。 三、根据提示完成句子 1．Because she didn’t participate in the discussion, Mary asked her classmate for the result. (用 V-ing 形式改写句子) 【答案】Not participating in the discussion, Mary asked her classmate for the result. 【详解】考查现在分词作状语。句意：因为没有参加讨论，Mary向同学询问讨论的结果。原句中because引导的原因状语从句，可改为分词作状语，participate in和逻辑主语Mary之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故答案为Not participating in the discussion, Mary asked her classmate for the result. 2．It is impossible to tell the exact time for there is no night at all.(用现在分词做主语改写) 【答案】Telling the exact time is impossible for there is no night at all. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为根本没有夜晚，所以不可能说出确切的时间。原句为固定句型“It is impossible to do sth.”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语“to tell the exact time”，改写后用现在分词“telling the exact time”作主语，替换形式主语It。故填Telling the exact time is impossible for there is no night at all. 3．When she looked out of the window, she found a cat on the grass. （用动词-ing形式作状语改写） 【答案】 Looking out of the window, she found a cat on the grass. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当（她）向窗外看时，她发现草地上有一只猫。时间状语从句“When she looked out of the window”可以改写为分词作状语，look out和主语she是逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词。故改写为：Looking out of the window, she found a cat on the grass. 4．He realized he had made a big mistake. He apologized immediately.(用动词-ing形式作状语改写句子) 【答案】Realizing he had made a big mistake, he apologized immediately. 【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：意识到自己犯了个大错误，他立刻道了歉。本题考查用动词-ing形式作状语改写句子。原句由两个独立的句子，第一句是“He realized he had made a big mistake.(他意识到自己犯了一个大错)”，第二句是“He apologized immediately.(他立刻道歉)”。这两个句子之间存在逻辑上的因果关系，即因为意识到犯错，所以立刻道歉。所以可以把第一句话改写成含有现在分词形式作原因状语，即“realizing he had made a big mistake”，既简化了句式，又保留了原句意思。故答案为Realizing he had made a big mistake, he apologized immediately. 5．I have been on good terms with you for a long time, and I don’t want to lose our friendship. (用分词的完成时作状语改写) 【答案】Having been on good terms with you for a long time, I don’t want to lose our friendship. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们之间一直关系很好，我不想失去这份友谊。此处改为现在分词作状语，且与I为主动关系，发生在谓语动词之前，故用having been形式，故改为Having been on good terms with you for a long time, I don’t want to lose our friendship. 6．The boy finished his meal. He went to play football with his friends. (用“非谓语动词”句式改写句子) 【答案】Having finished his meal, the boy went to play football with his friends. 【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：吃完饭，这个男孩和他的朋友去踢足球了。分析句子可知，原句有两个动作，“finished his meal（吃完他的饭）”和“went to play football（去踢足球）”，且这两个动作的主语都是 “the boy（这个男孩）”。非谓语动词中，现在分词的完成式“having+过去分词”可以表示动作先于句子的谓语动词发生 。这里“吃完他的饭” 这个动作先于“去踢足球”，所以把“finished his meal”改写为“having finished his meal”，作时间状语，表明先完成吃饭这个动作，然后男孩才去踢足球。主句“the boy went to play football with his friends”保持不变，即构成改写后的句子。故答案是：Having finished his meal, the boy went to play football with his friends. 四、单句语法填空 所括号里给词的适当形式填空。 1．He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA,   (demonstrate) great talent and personality in the process. 【答案】demonstrating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在1960年罗马奥运会期间引起了公众的关注，当时他为美国赢得了轻重量级金牌，过程中展现出了卓越的天赋和个性。逗号前是完整的句子，且句中无连词，此处需用非谓语动词。he与demonstrate是主谓关系，应用现在分词demonstrating，作状语。故填demonstrating。 2．“I see you read a lot,” he said, (gesture) at the wall of books. 【答案】gesturing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“我看你读了很多书，”他指着那面墙的书说。句中已有谓语动词said，空处用非谓语动词，gesture和逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，用现在分词，作伴随状语。故填gesturing。 3．The company invests heavily in research and development, therefore (maintain) its competitive edge in the global market. 【答案】maintaining 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司在研发方面投入巨资，从而保持其在全球市场上的竞争优势。句子谓语动词是invests，此处为非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，所以使用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填maintaining。 4． (launch) roughly 8,000 satellites into space to form the Starlink in the past decade, Musk has changed the world’s Internet connections by building the largest satellite network. 【答案】Having launched 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去十年里，马斯克已向太空发射了大约8000颗卫星以组建星链系统，他通过搭建最大的卫星网络改变了全球的互联网连接格局。根据句中已有谓语动词has changed，空格处需要非谓语动词，且launch与其逻辑主语Musk为主动关系，同时launch的动作发生在谓语动词has changed之前，空处需用现在分词的完成式having launched作状语。句首单词首字母大写，故填Having launched。 5．All the students were like a group. They trained together, (sweat) and playing. 【答案】sweating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有学生像一个团队一样，他们一起训练、流汗、玩耍。句中已有谓语trained，此空应是非谓语形式。They与sweat是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词sweating，与playing并列作伴随状语。故填sweating。 五、完形填空 In the digital age, podcasts are popular worldwide — they have various content and are easy to access. Unlike videos needing close watching, podcasts let people listen while commuting, exercising, or doing housework, 1 busy modern lives perfectly. Podcasts cover almost every 2 : educational ones on history, science, or language learning, plus fun talk shows, stories, and music. For students, they help 3 knowledge relaxedly; professionals get the latest trends and 4 from industry-related shows. Creating podcasts is easy — only a microphone and simple 5 are needed. This 6 a lively creator atmosphere, from ordinary people to 7 . Many gain fans, turning passion into 8 careers. Listening to podcasts isn’t just entertaining or informative — it develops 9 thinking. Good shows offer different opinions, encouraging listeners to think 10 and form their own   11 . For language learners, they’re great for improving listening, vocabulary, and pronunciation by exposing them to natural speech ways. But too many podcasts make choosing 12 . Follow friends’ suggestions or 13 by interests, and limit listening time to protect hearing. Some content is low-quality, so choose carefully. Still, podcasts grow more popular for their convenience, 14 how people get information and entertainment. They also 15 communities — fans interact via comments or events, feeling a sense of belonging. 1．A．fit B．create C．avoid D．escape 2．A．rule B．topic C．age D．job 3．A．test B．acquire C．hide D．waste 4．A．dreams B．rules C．insights D．hobbies 5．A．software B．furniture C．book D．food 6．A．sells B．ignores C．builds D．breaks 7．A．farmers B．teachers C．doctors D．celebrities 8．A．temporary B．useful C．important D．stable 9．A．critical B．slow C．lazy D．simple 10．A．quickly B．deeply C．loudly D．carelessly 11．A．skills B．perspectives C．toys D．habits 12．A．easy B．safe C．challenging D．fun 13．A．pick out B．get along C．make up D．get away 14．A．reducing B．repeating C．reviewing D．reshaping 15．A．take off B．set up C．set down D．tear down 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了播客在数字时代的流行原因、其内容的多样性、对听众的益处、创作的低门槛，以及其如何影响人们获取信息和娱乐的方式，同时也提到了播客的社区功能和需要注意的问题。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与需要密切观看的视频不同，播客让人们可以在通勤、锻炼或做家务时收听，完美地适应了忙碌的现代生活。A. fit适合，适应；B. create创造；C. avoid避免；D. escape逃避。根据前文“Unlike videos needing close watching, podcasts let people listen while commuting, exercising, or doing housework”可知，播客让人们可以利用碎片化时间，因此是“适应”现代生活的特点。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：播客几乎涵盖每一个话题：关于历史、科学或语言学习的教育节目，加上有趣的谈话节目、故事和音乐。A. rule规则；B. topic话题；C. age年龄；D. job工作。根据后文“educational ones on history, science, or language learning, plus fun talk shows, stories, and music”可知，这些都是播客的“话题”或“主题”。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于学生来说，它们有助于轻松地获取知识。A. test测试；B. acquire获取；C. hide隐藏；D. waste浪费。根据常识和“For students,”可知，学生听播客的主要目的之一是“获取”知识。故选B项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：专业人士可以从行业相关的节目中获取最新趋势和见解。A. dreams梦想；B. rules规则；C. insights见解，洞察；D. hobbies爱好。根据“the latest trends and ____”可知，专业人士希望在行业播客中获得趋势和“见解”。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：制作播客很容易——只需要一个麦克风和简单的软件。A. software软件；B. furniture家具；C. book书；D. food食物。根据“Creating podcasts is easy”和常识可知，制作音频节目需要录音和编辑“软件”。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这营造了一个活跃的创作者氛围，从普通人到名人。A. sells卖；B. ignores忽视；C. builds营造，建立；D. breaks打破。根据前文制作门槛低，和后文“from ordinary people to ____.”有各类人参与可推知，这“营造”了活跃的氛围。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这营造了一个活跃的创作者氛围，从普通人到名人。A. farmers农民；B. teachers教师；C. doctors医生；D. celebrities名人。根据“from ordinary people to”可推知，句中指的是与“普通人”相对的有名气的人，即“名人”。故选D项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人获得了粉丝，将热情转变为稳定的职业。A. temporary临时的；B. useful有用的；C. important重要的；D. stable稳定的。根据前文“passion”和后文“careers”可推知，有了粉丝后，他们将爱好变成了“稳定的”事业。故选D项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听播客不仅仅是娱乐或获取信息——它还能培养批判性思维。A. critical批判性的；B. slow慢的；C. lazy懒惰的；D. simple简单的。根据后文“Good shows offer different opinions, encouraging listeners to think”可知，好的播客提供不同的观点，这是在促进“批判性”思维。故选A项。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：好的节目提供不同的观点，鼓励听众深入思考并形成自己的看法。A. quickly快速地；B. deeply深入地；C. loudly大声地；D. carelessly粗心地。促进批判性思维要求人们进行“深入”思考。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的节目提供不同的观点，鼓励听众深入思考并形成自己的看法。A. skills技能；B. perspectives观点；C. toys玩具；D. habits习惯。根据前文“think ____”和“form their own”可推知，好播客让人思考，进而形成自己的“观点”。故选B项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是播客太多了，使得选择变得困难。A. easy容易的；B. safe安全的；C. challenging有挑战性的，困难的；D. fun有趣的。根据前文“But too many podcasts”可知，数量过多导致选择变得“困难”。故选C项。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：听从朋友的建议或根据自己的兴趣挑选，并限制收听时间来保护听力。A. pick out挑选出；B. get along相处；C. make up编造；D. get away离开。根据前文“too many podcasts make choosing”和后文“by interests”可知，作者建议根据自己的兴趣来“挑选”播客。故选A项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，播客因其便利性而越来越受欢迎，重塑了人们获取信息和娱乐的方式。A. reducing减少；B. repeating重复；C. reviewing复习；D. reshaping重塑。根据“how people get information and entertainment”可知，播客正在改变人们获取信息和娱乐的方式，是一种“重塑”。故选D项。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们也建立起社区——粉丝们通过评论或活动互动，感受到一种归属感。A. take off起飞；B. set up建立；C. set down记下；D. tear down拆除。根据后文“communities”和“interact via comments or events”可知，播客能帮助“建立”粉丝社区。故选B项。 六、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 Be pleased to do anything even though it is very tiny. In fact, there’s no single thing that is not 1 (值得的) doing or you are not able to do. So 2 (live) a happy life with a light heart is the most important. Then how can you live a happy life? Make each day meaningful by helping someone or just making someone smile. The feeling 3 makes you want to help others stays at the bottom of your heart. Happiness depends 4 your feelings in your heart. Helping others is helping 5 (you). 6 (face) difficulties bravely in your life. Everyone may meet with difficulties. No one can 7 (避免) them. The difficulties can teach you a lot. They will help you to be closer to 8 (successful). Never worry about the things you can’t change. Worrying can 9 change the situation nor solve any problem. Perhaps, not every dream will be realized. Never mind, and take it easy. Come on, everybody! Let’s live a happy life with a light 10 and enjoy the beautiful sunshine every day. 【答案】 1．worth 2．living 3．that/which 4．on 5．yourself 6．Face 7．avoid 8．success 9．neither 10．heart 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要指出了轻松愉快的生活是最重要的。帮助别人或让别人微笑，让每一天都变得有意义，能让人从心底里感觉到幸福。 1．考查形容词。句意：事实上，没有一件事是不值得做的，也没有一件事是你做不到的。be not worth doing sth 译为：不值得做某事。故填worth。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以过着一种轻松愉快的生活是最重要的。分析该句可知，该句子为“主系表”结构，需要动名词短语作主语。故填living。 3．考查定语从句。句意：那种让你想要帮助别人的感觉一直留在你的心底。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是the feeling，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 4．考查固定搭配。句意：幸福取决于你内心的感受。depend on 为固定搭配，译为“取决于；依赖于”，故填on。 5．考查反身代词。句意：帮助别人就是帮助你自己。分析句子可知，该句是动名词短语helping others 作主语，非谓语动词helping的逻辑主语是you，该句的主语和宾语是同一人，此处应用you的反身代词作宾语，故填yourself。 6．考查祈使句。句意：在你的生活中勇敢地面对困难。该句为祈使句，祈使句用动词原形开头。故填Face。 7．考查动词。句意：没有人能够避免困难。此空处前为情态动词can，情态动词后的动词应用动词原形形式，根据汉语提示，故填avoid。 8．考查名词。句意：苦难将会帮助你接近成功。句子中be close to 译为：接近……。此处应用名词作宾语。故填success。 9．考查连词。句意：焦虑既不能够改变现状也不能解决问题。neither…nor…译为：既不……也不……，连接两个并列的成分，表示否定意义。故填neither。 10．考查固定搭配。句意：让我们怀着一种轻松的心情过着一种幸福的生活，每天都享受美丽的阳光。固定搭配a light heart 译为： 轻松的心情。故填heart。 七、阅读理解 My father’s thrift (节俭) philosophy shaped my youth. Unlike peers receiving pocket money, I never got a penny — not from cruelty, but to build self-reliance. Each morning, he’d note, “Mrs. Wilson needs her garden weeded; Mr. Carter requires help sorting bottles.” I earned coins through seasonal work in the neighborhood: sweeping leaves, shoveling snow and babysitting. Savings filled the tin under my bed, its weight showing my growing pride. Though he occasionally borrowed for emergencies (a flat tire or a medical bill), repayment was exact and timely. When I lost two months’ earnings in a failed lemonade business, his only words were, “Live and learn.” At twelve, I considered this cruel; at thirty, I value its wisdom — true lessons grow through doing. Modern thrift education focuses on saving, but ignores its key point: earning. Father believed “earned coins teach value; given coins generate greed” — a truth wealthy families overlook while advocating thrift. By delivering papers at dawn and mowing lawns at dusk, I learned that true thrift is a triad (三位一体) — earn through labor, save with intention, spend with care. This trio, unteachable in classrooms, roots in blistered (满是水泡的) hands and difficult situations. Locally, supermarkets throws outdated bread (still eatable) as shelters beg for donations. Witnessing global contrasts inspires my resolve: 1.3 billion tons of food go bad annually — enough to feed all the hungry — while 800 million starve. This phenomenon fuels my Food Rescue project — redirecting bakery remains to food banks and training youth to reuse deserted furniture for schools. Through such acts, thrift becomes social justice. As Father said, “Earning teaches respect for resources.” In our wasteful era, thrift transforms from personal discipline to collective duty. 1．Why did the author work for neighbors during his youth? A．To raise fund for his project. B．To help neighbors in need. C．To meet his father’s principle. D．To solve weight problems. 2．What does the author now think about his father’s words “Live and learn”? A．A plus. B．A burden. C．A dilemma. D．A cruelty. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The role of true thrift. B．The examples of true thrift. C．The core of true thrift. D．The challenges of true thrift. 4．Why does the author mention the global food waste data? A．To evaluate modern school systems. B．To stress thrift’s application in society. C．To urge stricter laws against food waste. D．To compare different consumption habits. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者父亲的节俭哲学对其成长的影响，阐述了真正节俭的核心，并通过全球食物浪费现象说明节俭可成为社会正义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“My father’s thrift (节俭) philosophy shaped my youth. Unlike peers receiving pocket money, I never got a penny — not from cruelty, but to build self-reliance. Each morning, he’d note, “Mrs. Wilson needs her garden weeded; Mr. Carter requires help sorting bottles.” I earned coins through seasonal work in the neighborhood: sweeping leaves, shoveling snow and babysitting.(我父亲的节俭哲学塑造了我的青春。与那些拿到零花钱的同龄人不同，我一分钱都没拿到过——这并非出于他的残忍，而是为了培养我的自立能力。每天早上，他都会说：‘威尔逊夫人需要有人给她的花园除草；卡特先生需要有人帮忙分拣瓶子。’我通过在社区里做季节性的工作来赚取硬币：扫落叶、铲雪和照看孩子)”可知，作者在年轻时为邻居工作是为了遵循父亲培养他自立的原则。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When I lost two months’ earnings in a failed lemonade business, his only words were, “Live and learn.” At twelve, I considered this cruel; at thirty, I value its wisdom — true lessons grow through doing.(当我在一次失败的柠檬水生意中损失了两个月的收入时，他只说了一句：“吃一堑，长一智”十二岁时，我认为这很残酷；三十岁时，我珍视这句话的智慧——真正的教训是通过实践获得的)”可知，作者现在认为父亲说的“吃一堑，长一智”是有价值的。故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Father believed “earned coins teach value; given coins generate greed” — a truth wealthy families overlook while advocating thrift. By delivering papers at dawn and mowing lawns at dusk, I learned that true thrift is a triad (三位一体) — earn through labor, save with intention, spend with care.(父亲认为“挣来的硬币能教会人懂得价值；白给的硬币会滋生贪婪”——这是富裕家庭在倡导节俭时忽略的一个事实。通过黎明送报纸和黄昏修剪草坪，我明白了真正的节俭是三位一体的——通过劳动挣钱、有目的地存钱、谨慎地花钱)”可知，该段主要阐述了真正节俭的核心。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Locally, supermarkets throws outdated bread (still eatable) as shelters beg for donations. Witnessing global contrasts inspires my resolve: 1.3 billion tons of food go bad annually — enough to feed all the hungry — while 800 million starve. This phenomenon fuels my Food Rescue project — redirecting bakery remains to food banks and training youth to reuse deserted furniture for schools. Through such acts, thrift becomes social justice.(在当地，超市扔掉过期但仍可食用的面包，而收容所却在乞求捐赠。目睹全球的这种反差激发了我的决心：每年有13亿吨食物变质——这些食物足以养活所有饥饿的人——而有8亿人在挨饿。这种现象促使我开展了‘食物救援’项目——将面包店剩余的食物转运到食品银行，并培训年轻人为学校重新利用废弃家具。通过这些行动，节俭变成了社会正义)”可知，作者提及全球食物浪费数据让人震惊，为的是强调节俭在社会中的应用。故选B项。 八、应用文写作 假如你是李华，就中学生上网情况进行了调查。请根据以下信息写一个调查报告。 （1）网民中学生占约30%； （2）约80%的学生在家中上网，约12%的学生在朋友或亲戚家或者网吧中上网； （3）大多数学生上网主要是打游戏、聊天、在线听音乐、浏览网页、购物； （4）大多数学生会因为学习而减少上网，只有不到30%的学生认为上网不会影响学习。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 My team made a survey about how the students used the Internet last week. According to the survey, nearly one third of the netizens are students, who surf the Internet for various reasons. The students surfing the Internet at home are in the majority. In other words, about 80% of the students surf the Internet at home and only about 12% of the students in their friends’ houses. Most of them use the Internet to play games, chat with their friends, download some music, buy their favorite goods, and so on. It is obvious that the majority of the students give up the Internet because of their homework. As far as I’m aware, the students shouldn’t spend too much time on the Internet, but focus their attention on their lessons. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据已给出的调查结果，就中学生上网的情况写一份调查报告。 【详解】1.词汇积累 各种各样的：various→a variety of 因为：because of→ due to 我认为：as far as I am aware→ as far as I am concerned 集中：focus …on→ concentrate…on 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In other words, about 80% of the students surf the Internet at home and only about 12% of the students in their friends’ houses. 拓展句：In other words, about 80% of the students surf the Internet at home and only about 12% of the students in their friends’ houses, which can cause us to think deeply. 【点睛】【高分句型1】According to the survey, nearly one third of the netizens are students, who surf the Internet for various reasons.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】It is obvious that the majority of the students give up the Internet because of their homework.（运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句） 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．make sure 2． 向……求助 3．watch over 4． 究竟；到底 5．go through 6． 状况良好 7．belong to 8． 同（一样也）；和；还 9．search for 10． 日日夜夜；夜以继日 二、选词填空 in tears; pick...up; belong to; according to; end up; in despair; a great deal of; complain about; make an attempt to; concentrate on 1．Many of their friends and neighbours have in prison. 2．As we all know,all power the people. 3．People how children spend so much time on computer games. 4．He pass the exam, but it was too difficult. 5．Anthony himself and set off along the track. 6．I can’t my study with all that noise going on. 7．You’ve been absent six times our records. 8．He gave up the struggle . 9．The little girl was because she’d lost her toy. 10．The report contains useful information. 三、根据提示完成句子 1．Because she didn’t participate in the discussion, Mary asked her classmate for the result. (用 V-ing 形式改写句子) 2．It is impossible to tell the exact time for there is no night at all.(用现在分词做主语改写) 3．When she looked out of the window, she found a cat on the grass. （用动词-ing形式作状语改写） 4．He realized he had made a big mistake. He apologized immediately.(用动词-ing形式作状语改写句子) 5．I have been on good terms with you for a long time, and I don’t want to lose our friendship. (用分词的完成时作状语改写) 6．The boy finished his meal. He went to play football with his friends. (用“非谓语动词”句式改写句子) 四、单句语法填空 所括号里给词的适当形式填空。 1．He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA,   (demonstrate) great talent and personality in the process. 2．“I see you read a lot,” he said, (gesture) at the wall of books. 3．The company invests heavily in research and development, therefore (maintain) its competitive edge in the global market. 4． (launch) roughly 8,000 satellites into space to form the Starlink in the past decade, Musk has changed the world’s Internet connections by building the largest satellite network. 5．All the students were like a group. They trained together, (sweat) and playing. 五、完形填空 In the digital age, podcasts are popular worldwide — they have various content and are easy to access. Unlike videos needing close watching, podcasts let people listen while commuting, exercising, or doing housework, 1 busy modern lives perfectly. Podcasts cover almost every 2 : educational ones on history, science, or language learning, plus fun talk shows, stories, and music. For students, they help 3 knowledge relaxedly; professionals get the latest trends and 4 from industry-related shows. Creating podcasts is easy — only a microphone and simple 5 are needed. This 6 a lively creator atmosphere, from ordinary people to 7 . Many gain fans, turning passion into 8 careers. Listening to podcasts isn’t just entertaining or informative — it develops 9 thinking. Good shows offer different opinions, encouraging listeners to think 10 and form their own   11 . For language learners, they’re great for improving listening, vocabulary, and pronunciation by exposing them to natural speech ways. But too many podcasts make choosing 12 . Follow friends’ suggestions or 13 by interests, and limit listening time to protect hearing. Some content is low-quality, so choose carefully. Still, podcasts grow more popular for their convenience, 14 how people get information and entertainment. They also 15 communities — fans interact via comments or events, feeling a sense of belonging. 1．A．fit B．create C．avoid D．escape 2．A．rule B．topic C．age D．job 3．A．test B．acquire C．hide D．waste 4．A．dreams B．rules C．insights D．hobbies 5．A．software B．furniture C．book D．food 6．A．sells B．ignores C．builds D．breaks 7．A．farmers B．teachers C．doctors D．celebrities 8．A．temporary B．useful C．important D．stable 9．A．critical B．slow C．lazy D．simple 10．A．quickly B．deeply C．loudly D．carelessly 11．A．skills B．perspectives C．toys D．habits 12．A．easy B．safe C．challenging D．fun 13．A．pick out B．get along C．make up D．get away 14．A．reducing B．repeating C．reviewing D．reshaping 15．A．take off B．set up C．set down D．tear down 六、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 Be pleased to do anything even though it is very tiny. In fact, there’s no single thing that is not 1 (值得的) doing or you are not able to do. So 2 (live) a happy life with a light heart is the most important. Then how can you live a happy life? Make each day meaningful by helping someone or just making someone smile. The feeling 3 makes you want to help others stays at the bottom of your heart. Happiness depends 4 your feelings in your heart. Helping others is helping 5 (you). 6 (face) difficulties bravely in your life. Everyone may meet with difficulties. No one can 7 (避免) them. The difficulties can teach you a lot. They will help you to be closer to 8 (successful). Never worry about the things you can’t change. Worrying can 9 change the situation nor solve any problem. Perhaps, not every dream will be realized. Never mind, and take it easy. Come on, everybody! Let’s live a happy life with a light 10 and enjoy the beautiful sunshine every day. 七、阅读理解 My father’s thrift (节俭) philosophy shaped my youth. Unlike peers receiving pocket money, I never got a penny — not from cruelty, but to build self-reliance. Each morning, he’d note, “Mrs. Wilson needs her garden weeded; Mr. Carter requires help sorting bottles.” I earned coins through seasonal work in the neighborhood: sweeping leaves, shoveling snow and babysitting. Savings filled the tin under my bed, its weight showing my growing pride. Though he occasionally borrowed for emergencies (a flat tire or a medical bill), repayment was exact and timely. When I lost two months’ earnings in a failed lemonade business, his only words were, “Live and learn.” At twelve, I considered this cruel; at thirty, I value its wisdom — true lessons grow through doing. Modern thrift education focuses on saving, but ignores its key point: earning. Father believed “earned coins teach value; given coins generate greed” — a truth wealthy families overlook while advocating thrift. By delivering papers at dawn and mowing lawns at dusk, I learned that true thrift is a triad (三位一体) — earn through labor, save with intention, spend with care. This trio, unteachable in classrooms, roots in blistered (满是水泡的) hands and difficult situations. Locally, supermarkets throws outdated bread (still eatable) as shelters beg for donations. Witnessing global contrasts inspires my resolve: 1.3 billion tons of food go bad annually — enough to feed all the hungry — while 800 million starve. This phenomenon fuels my Food Rescue project — redirecting bakery remains to food banks and training youth to reuse deserted furniture for schools. Through such acts, thrift becomes social justice. As Father said, “Earning teaches respect for resources.” In our wasteful era, thrift transforms from personal discipline to collective duty. 1．Why did the author work for neighbors during his youth? A．To raise fund for his project. B．To help neighbors in need. C．To meet his father’s principle. D．To solve weight problems. 2．What does the author now think about his father’s words “Live and learn”? A．A plus. B．A burden. C．A dilemma. D．A cruelty. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The role of true thrift. B．The examples of true thrift. C．The core of true thrift. D．The challenges of true thrift. 4．Why does the author mention the global food waste data? A．To evaluate modern school systems. B．To stress thrift’s application in society. C．To urge stricter laws against food waste. D．To compare different consumption habits. 八、应用文写作 假如你是李华，就中学生上网情况进行了调查。请根据以下信息写一个调查报告。 （1）网民中学生占约30%； （2）约80%的学生在家中上网，约12%的学生在朋友或亲戚家或者网吧中上网； （3）大多数学生上网主要是打游戏、聊天、在线听音乐、浏览网页、购物； （4）大多数学生会因为学习而减少上网，只有不到30%的学生认为上网不会影响学习。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 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1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 参考答案 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．确保，设法保证 2．turn to... 3．保护，照管，监督 4．on earth 5．经历；度过；通读 6．in shape 7．属于 8．as well as 9．搜索，查找 10．day and night 二、选词填空 1．ended up 2．belongs to 3．complain about 4．made an attempt to 5．picked up 6．concentrate on 7．according to 8．in despair 9．in tears 10．a great deal of 三、根据提示完成句子 1．Not participating in the discussion, Mary asked her classmate for the result. 2．Telling the exact time is impossible for there is no night at all. 3．Looking out of the window, she found a cat on the grass. 4．Realizing he had made a big mistake, he apologized immediately. 5．Having been on good terms with you for a long time, I don’t want to lose our friendship. 6．Having finished his meal, the boy went to play football with his friends. 四、单句语法填空 1．demonstrating 2．gesturing 3．maintaining 4．Having launched 5．sweating 五、完形填空 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了播客在数字时代的流行原因、其内容的多样性、对听众的益处、创作的低门槛，以及其如何影响人们获取信息和娱乐的方式，同时也提到了播客的社区功能和需要注意的问题。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与需要密切观看的视频不同，播客让人们可以在通勤、锻炼或做家务时收听，完美地适应了忙碌的现代生活。A. fit适合，适应；B. create创造；C. avoid避免；D. escape逃避。根据前文“Unlike videos needing close watching, podcasts let people listen while commuting, exercising, or doing housework”可知，播客让人们可以利用碎片化时间，因此是“适应”现代生活的特点。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：播客几乎涵盖每一个话题：关于历史、科学或语言学习的教育节目，加上有趣的谈话节目、故事和音乐。A. rule规则；B. topic话题；C. age年龄；D. job工作。根据后文“educational ones on history, science, or language learning, plus fun talk shows, stories, and music”可知，这些都是播客的“话题”或“主题”。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于学生来说，它们有助于轻松地获取知识。A. test测试；B. acquire获取；C. hide隐藏；D. waste浪费。根据常识和“For students,”可知，学生听播客的主要目的之一是“获取”知识。故选B项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：专业人士可以从行业相关的节目中获取最新趋势和见解。A. dreams梦想；B. rules规则；C. insights见解，洞察；D. hobbies爱好。根据“the latest trends and ____”可知，专业人士希望在行业播客中获得趋势和“见解”。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：制作播客很容易——只需要一个麦克风和简单的软件。A. software软件；B. furniture家具；C. book书；D. food食物。根据“Creating podcasts is easy”和常识可知，制作音频节目需要录音和编辑“软件”。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这营造了一个活跃的创作者氛围，从普通人到名人。A. sells卖；B. ignores忽视；C. builds营造，建立；D. breaks打破。根据前文制作门槛低，和后文“from ordinary people to ____.”有各类人参与可推知，这“营造”了活跃的氛围。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这营造了一个活跃的创作者氛围，从普通人到名人。A. farmers农民；B. teachers教师；C. doctors医生；D. celebrities名人。根据“from ordinary people to”可推知，句中指的是与“普通人”相对的有名气的人，即“名人”。故选D项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人获得了粉丝，将热情转变为稳定的职业。A. temporary临时的；B. useful有用的；C. important重要的；D. stable稳定的。根据前文“passion”和后文“careers”可推知，有了粉丝后，他们将爱好变成了“稳定的”事业。故选D项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听播客不仅仅是娱乐或获取信息——它还能培养批判性思维。A. critical批判性的；B. slow慢的；C. lazy懒惰的；D. simple简单的。根据后文“Good shows offer different opinions, encouraging listeners to think”可知，好的播客提供不同的观点，这是在促进“批判性”思维。故选A项。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：好的节目提供不同的观点，鼓励听众深入思考并形成自己的看法。A. quickly快速地；B. deeply深入地；C. loudly大声地；D. carelessly粗心地。促进批判性思维要求人们进行“深入”思考。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的节目提供不同的观点，鼓励听众深入思考并形成自己的看法。A. skills技能；B. perspectives观点；C. toys玩具；D. habits习惯。根据前文“think ____”和“form their own”可推知，好播客让人思考，进而形成自己的“观点”。故选B项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是播客太多了，使得选择变得困难。A. easy容易的；B. safe安全的；C. challenging有挑战性的，困难的；D. fun有趣的。根据前文“But too many podcasts”可知，数量过多导致选择变得“困难”。故选C项。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：听从朋友的建议或根据自己的兴趣挑选，并限制收听时间来保护听力。A. pick out挑选出；B. get along相处；C. make up编造；D. get away离开。根据前文“too many podcasts make choosing”和后文“by interests”可知，作者建议根据自己的兴趣来“挑选”播客。故选A项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，播客因其便利性而越来越受欢迎，重塑了人们获取信息和娱乐的方式。A. reducing减少；B. repeating重复；C. reviewing复习；D. reshaping重塑。根据“how people get information and entertainment”可知，播客正在改变人们获取信息和娱乐的方式，是一种“重塑”。故选D项。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们也建立起社区——粉丝们通过评论或活动互动，感受到一种归属感。A. take off起飞；B. set up建立；C. set down记下；D. tear down拆除。根据后文“communities”和“interact via comments or events”可知，播客能帮助“建立”粉丝社区。故选B项。 六、语法填空 1．worth 2．living 3．that/which 4．on 5．yourself 6．Face 7．avoid 8．success 9．neither 10．heart 七、阅读理解 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者父亲的节俭哲学对其成长的影响，阐述了真正节俭的核心，并通过全球食物浪费现象说明节俭可成为社会正义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“My father’s thrift (节俭) philosophy shaped my youth. Unlike peers receiving pocket money, I never got a penny — not from cruelty, but to build self-reliance. Each morning, he’d note, “Mrs. Wilson needs her garden weeded; Mr. Carter requires help sorting bottles.” I earned coins through seasonal work in the neighborhood: sweeping leaves, shoveling snow and babysitting.(我父亲的节俭哲学塑造了我的青春。与那些拿到零花钱的同龄人不同，我一分钱都没拿到过——这并非出于他的残忍，而是为了培养我的自立能力。每天早上，他都会说：‘威尔逊夫人需要有人给她的花园除草；卡特先生需要有人帮忙分拣瓶子。’我通过在社区里做季节性的工作来赚取硬币：扫落叶、铲雪和照看孩子)”可知，作者在年轻时为邻居工作是为了遵循父亲培养他自立的原则。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When I lost two months’ earnings in a failed lemonade business, his only words were, “Live and learn.” At twelve, I considered this cruel; at thirty, I value its wisdom — true lessons grow through doing.(当我在一次失败的柠檬水生意中损失了两个月的收入时，他只说了一句：“吃一堑，长一智”十二岁时，我认为这很残酷；三十岁时，我珍视这句话的智慧——真正的教训是通过实践获得的)”可知，作者现在认为父亲说的“吃一堑，长一智”是有价值的。故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Father believed “earned coins teach value; given coins generate greed” — a truth wealthy families overlook while advocating thrift. By delivering papers at dawn and mowing lawns at dusk, I learned that true thrift is a triad (三位一体) — earn through labor, save with intention, spend with care.(父亲认为“挣来的硬币能教会人懂得价值；白给的硬币会滋生贪婪”——这是富裕家庭在倡导节俭时忽略的一个事实。通过黎明送报纸和黄昏修剪草坪，我明白了真正的节俭是三位一体的——通过劳动挣钱、有目的地存钱、谨慎地花钱)”可知，该段主要阐述了真正节俭的核心。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Locally, supermarkets throws outdated bread (still eatable) as shelters beg for donations. Witnessing global contrasts inspires my resolve: 1.3 billion tons of food go bad annually — enough to feed all the hungry — while 800 million starve. This phenomenon fuels my Food Rescue project — redirecting bakery remains to food banks and training youth to reuse deserted furniture for schools. Through such acts, thrift becomes social justice.(在当地，超市扔掉过期但仍可食用的面包，而收容所却在乞求捐赠。目睹全球的这种反差激发了我的决心：每年有13亿吨食物变质——这些食物足以养活所有饥饿的人——而有8亿人在挨饿。这种现象促使我开展了‘食物救援’项目——将面包店剩余的食物转运到食品银行，并培训年轻人为学校重新利用废弃家具。通过这些行动，节俭变成了社会正义)”可知，作者提及全球食物浪费数据让人震惊，为的是强调节俭在社会中的应用。故选B项。 八、应用文写作 My team made a survey about how the students used the Internet last week. According to the survey, nearly one third of the netizens are students, who surf the Internet for various reasons. The students surfing the Internet at home are in the majority. In other words, about 80% of the students surf the Internet at home and only about 12% of the students in their friends’ houses. Most of them use the Internet to play games, chat with their friends, download some music, buy their favorite goods, and so on. It is obvious that the majority of the students give up the Internet because of their homework. As far as I’m aware, the students shouldn’t spend too much time on the Internet, but focus their attention on their lessons. 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $