Unit 2 Period 2 Grammar and usage（分层作业）英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 2 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．shock 2．staff 3．slide 4．fund 5．hurricane 6．conference 7．supply 8．   vt. 捐赠，赠送；献（血） 9．   n. 慈善机构（或组织）；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容 10． vt. & vi. 惊吓，害怕； n. 恐慌；惊吓 11．   n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力 12．   用完，耗尽 二、选词填空 根据语境，选择下面框中的短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个多余短语。 tend to, in case,  feel in despair,  head to,  to be honest bring about,  figure out, carry on,  run out of,  in return   1． after losing the competition, she found drive again through the encouragement of her teammates. 2．It took the students an hour the solution to the complex science experiment. 3．People ignore the importance of sleep, which often results in reduced productivity and health problems in the long run. 4．Planting more trees can a better environment for both humans and animals. 5．She volunteered to teach children maths every weekend, and   , she gained valuable teaching experience and gratitude. 6． , I didn’t finish the book because the story was too difficult for me to understand. 7．We had to stop cooking because we salt yesterday and couldn’t buy more from the nearby store. 8．If we polluting our planet, several bad results could happen to our children. 三、完成句子 1．He took some measures so that he could take control of the company. (用to do改写句子) 2．这位厨师的天才之处在于他能以意想不到的方式组合传统风味。 (combine) The chef’s genius lies in his ability to in unexpected ways. 3．站在舞台上，她紧张得说不出话来。(too...to...) Standing on the stage, she a single word. 4．We celebrate Mother’s Day our mothers. (honor) 我们庆祝母亲节是为了向母亲表示敬意。 5．I’m sorry (让你失望) but I’m afraid I can’t come after you. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 6．我会找到一个让自己提高球技的方法，这样明年我就能加入球队了。 I will find a way my ball skills on my own so that I can make the team next year. 四、单句语法填空 所括号里给词的适当形式填空 1．China will tie up with England, Canada and France (host) the exhibition. 2．We climbed to the top of the mountain (admire) the wonderful view below. 3．Swimming is a powerful way (relieve) stress and promote your sleep. 4．More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came (provide) medical care. 5．She brought some books (read) on the train. 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What will you do when there is an earthquake?Nobody wants 1 (trap) under the ruined buildings, so most people would try to leave the buildings that fell in 2 (ruin).I live on 3 third floor of a high flat.I guess，if an earthquake came，I would probably be 4 (extreme) afraid rather than think about what I needed to do，such as hiding somewhere or 5 (run) out of the building. I had never felt an earthquake until last week.I was reading in the room 6 I felt the ground shaking.It was a small earthquake 7 could hardly even be called an earthquake.It was not really 8 (frighten).To feel the earth move like that was just strange.It came 9 an end only a few seconds later.I have spoken to the local people since the event.Luckily，nobody 10 (injure) in the earthquake and no damage was caused by it.But if it had been a real earthquake，things would be quite different. 六、完形填空 Windbreaks (防风林) help prevent the loss of soil. They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind damaging or destroying 1 . Windbreaks can be 2 valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of  West Africa. These studies found that grain 3 were twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks than in fields 4 them. But here is something 5 about windbreaks. They seem to 6 best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a 7 . If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will 8 the soil. Then the soil will be blown away. For this reason, a windbreak is most effective if it 9 only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a 10 line. An easy rule to 11 is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the 12 of the tallest trees in the windbreak. There should be at least two 13 in each windbreak. One line should be large trees. The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees or other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks. Studies have shown that some kinds of trees can grow well 14 the quality of the land is not very good. One kind of the trees is the white pine. Another is the loblolly pine. Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus (多余的) trees can be cut down and used or sold for money. Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being 15 And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture. They can provide animals with shade from the sun. 1．A．crops B．houses C．camps D．factories 2．A．exactly B．highly C．slightly D．hardly 3．A．harvests B．areas C．prices D．supplies 4．A．around B．without C．beside D．with 5．A．serious B．wrong C．obvious D．interesting 6．A．sell B．look C．grow D．work 7．A．lake B．field C．village D．city 8．A．leave B．block C．lift D．follow 9．A．contains B．divides C．raises D．serves 10．A．straight B．solid C．beautiful D．green 11．A．measure B．obey C．break D．remember 12．A．weight B．height C．cost D．value 13．A．lines B．rows C．trees D．kinds 14．A．even if B．in case C．as if D．now that 15．A．built up B．cut off C．taken off D．washed away 七、应用文写作 你校英文报为提高学生对自然灾害的了解，新开设了Natural Disasters专栏，请你以“Forest Fires”为标题，为该专栏写一篇短文。内容包括： 1.形成的原因； 2.造成的危害(至少两点)； 3.呼吁预防。 Forest Fires ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．shock 2．staff 3．slide 4．fund 5．hurricane 6．conference 7．supply 8．   vt. 捐赠，赠送；献（血） 9．   n. 慈善机构（或组织）；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容 10． vt. & vi. 惊吓，害怕； n. 恐慌；惊吓 11．   n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力 12．   用完，耗尽 【答案】 1．n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动； vt. 使震惊 2．n. 全体职工；管理人员； vt.在……工作，任职于 3．n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩； vi. & vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入 4．n. 资金；基金 5．n. 飓风 6．n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈 7．n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备； vt. 供应，供给，提供 8．donate 9．charity 10．scare 11．power 12．run out of 【解析】 1．shock既是名词又是动词，意为“震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；使震惊”，故答案为n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动； vt. 使震惊。 2．staff既是名词又是动词，意为“全体职工；管理人员； 在……工作，任职于”，故答案为n. 全体职工；管理人员； vt. 在……工作，任职于。 3．slide既是名词又是动词，意为“ 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩；滑行；逐渐陷入”，故答案为n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩；vi. & vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入。 4．fund意为“资金；基金”，是名词，故答案为n. 资金；基金。 5．hurricane意为“飓风”，是名词，故答案为n. 飓风。 6．conference意为“会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈”，是名词，故答案为n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈。 7．supply既是名词又是动词，意为“ 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备; 供应，供给，提供”，故答案为n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备；vt. 供应，供给，提供。 8．动词“ 捐赠，赠送；献（血）”的英文表达是donate，故答案为donate。 9．名词“慈善机构（或组织）；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容”的英文表达是charity，故答案为charity。 10．“惊吓，害怕；恐慌；惊吓”的英文表达是scare，即是名词又是动词，故答案为scare。 11．“电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力”的英文表达是power，故答案为power。 12．“用完，耗尽”的英文表达是run out of，故答案为run out of。 二、选词填空 根据语境，选择下面框中的短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个多余短语。 tend to, in case,  feel in despair,  head to,  to be honest bring about,  figure out, carry on,  run out of,  in return   1． after losing the competition, she found drive again through the encouragement of her teammates. 2．It took the students an hour the solution to the complex science experiment. 3．People ignore the importance of sleep, which often results in reduced productivity and health problems in the long run. 4．Planting more trees can a better environment for both humans and animals. 5．She volunteered to teach children maths every weekend, and   , she gained valuable teaching experience and gratitude. 6． , I didn’t finish the book because the story was too difficult for me to understand. 7．We had to stop cooking because we salt yesterday and couldn’t buy more from the nearby store. 8．If we polluting our planet, several bad results could happen to our children. 【答案】1．Feeling in despair 2．to figure out 3．tend to 4．bring about 5．in return 6．To be honest 7．ran out of 8．carry on 【解析】 1．考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：在比赛失败后感到绝望，她在队友的鼓励下重新找回了动力。根据“after losing the competition”可知，本空表示“感到绝望”，用固定短语feel in despair。本句谓语为found，此处为非谓语动词，且she与feel为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填Feeling in despair。 2．考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：学生们花了一个小时才想出这个复杂科学实验的解决方案。根据“the solution to the complex science experiment”可知，本空表示“想出，解决”，用固定短语figure out，此处是固定句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”，意为“某人花费多少时间做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式。故填to figure out。 3．考查固定短语、时态。句意：人们往往忽视睡眠的重要性，这往往会导致长期的生产力下降和健康问题。根据“which often results in reduced productivity and health problems in the long run”可知，本空表示“倾向于，往往”，用固定短语tend to，此处描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语people是复数，所以谓语动词用原形。故填tend to。 4．考查固定短语、情态动词。句意：种植更多的树木可以为人类和动物带来更好的环境。根据“a better environment for both humans and animals”可知，本空表示“带来，引起”，用固定短语bring about，根据空前的情态动词can可知，此处应用动词原形。故填bring about。 5．考查固定短语。句意：她自愿每个周末教孩子们数学，作为回报，她获得了宝贵的教学经验和感激。她教孩子们数学的回报是获得了宝贵的教学经验和感激，本空表示“作为回报”，用固定短语in return。故填in return。 6．考查固定短语。句意：说实话，我没有读完这本书，因为故事太难理解了。根据“I didn’t finish the book because the story was too difficult for me to understand”可知，本空表示“说实话”，用固定短语to be honest，句首单词，首字母要大写。故填To be honest。 7．考查固定短语、时态。句意：我们不得不停止做饭，因为昨天盐用完了，而且附近商店也买不到更多的盐。根据“salt yesterday and couldn’t buy more from the nearby store”可知，本空表示“用完，耗尽”，用固定短语run out of，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用run的过去式ran。故填ran out of。 8．考查固定短语。句意：如果我们继续污染我们的星球，我们的孩子可能会发生一些不好的结果。根据“polluting our planet, several bad results could happen to our children”可知，本空表示“继续”，用固定短语carry on，if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主语we是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填carry on。 三、完成句子 1．He took some measures so that he could take control of the company. (用to do改写句子) 【答案】He took some measures to take control of the company. 【详解】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：他采取了一些措施，以便掌控这家公司。根据要求“用to do改写句子”可知，原句中“so that (以便)”引导的目的状语从句，替换为动词不定式短语to take control of the company，作目的状语。故改写后的句子为He took some measures to take control of the company. 2．这位厨师的天才之处在于他能以意想不到的方式组合传统风味。 (combine) The chef’s genius lies in his ability to in unexpected ways. 【答案】combine traditional flavors 【详解】考查动词短语和名词。“组合”用动词combine，用原形构成不定式短语作后置定语；“传统风味”作宾语，用名词词组traditional flavors。故填combine traditional flavors。 3．站在舞台上，她紧张得说不出话来。(too...to...) Standing on the stage, she a single word. 【答案】was too nervous to say 【详解】考查固定短语、形容词、时态和非谓语动词。“紧张得说不出话来”可理解为“太紧张而说不出话来”，可用固定结构too...to...，意为“太……而不能……”；句中补充系动词was作谓语，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态，表语“紧张”用形容词nervous，“说”用动词say，用原形构成不定式短语to say作结果状语。故填was too nervous to say。 4．We celebrate Mother’s Day our mothers. (honor) 我们庆祝母亲节是为了向母亲表示敬意。 【答案】to honor 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们庆祝母亲节是为了向母亲表示敬意。表示“尊敬，尊重”，用honor，本句谓语为celebrate，用不定式to honor，作目的状语。故填to honor。 5．I’m sorry (让你失望) but I’m afraid I can’t come after you. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】to disappoint you 【详解】考查动词和非谓语动词。句意：我很抱歉让你失望了，但我恐怕不能跟在你后面。“让某人失望”应用动词disappoint，“你”用代词you，且句中用be sorry to do表示“很抱歉做某事”，因此disappoint需用不定式的形式，作原因状语。故填to disappoint you。 6．我会找到一个让自己提高球技的方法，这样明年我就能加入球队了。 I will find a way my ball skills on my own so that I can make the team next year. 【答案】 to improve 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“提高”用improve，a way to do sth.“做某事的方法”，用不定式to improve，作后置定语，修饰名词way，故填to improve。 四、单句语法填空 所括号里给词的适当形式填空 1．China will tie up with England, Canada and France (host) the exhibition. 【答案】to host 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国将与英国、加拿大和法国联合主办这次展览。本句已有谓语动词will tie up，空处需用非谓语动词；此处表示目的，所以空处需用动词host“举办”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to host。 2．We climbed to the top of the mountain (admire) the wonderful view below. 【答案】to admire 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们爬到山顶是为了欣赏下方的美景。根据“We climbed to the top of the mountain”与“admire the wonderful view below”的逻辑关系可知，后者是前者的目的，此空应用动词不定式to admire作目的状语。故填to admire。 3．Swimming is a powerful way (relieve) stress and promote your sleep. 【答案】to relieve 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：游泳是缓解压力、促进睡眠的有效方式。“relieve”意为“缓解；减轻”，此处为固定结构“a way to do sth.”，不定式“to relieve”作后置定语，修饰名词“way”，表示“做某事的方式”。故填to relieve。 4．More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came (provide) medical care. 【答案】to provide 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：超过1万名医护人员前来提供医疗服务。句中已有谓语动词 came，设空处需用非谓语动词作目的状语，表达“前来”的目的是“提供医疗服务”。动词不定式（to + 动词原形）可用于表示目的，符合语境要求。故填to provide。 5．She brought some books (read) on the train. 【答案】to read 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她带了一些书在火车上读。“(read) on the train”是“some books”的后置定语，用动词不定式表示。故填to read。 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What will you do when there is an earthquake?Nobody wants 1 (trap) under the ruined buildings, so most people would try to leave the buildings that fell in 2 (ruin).I live on 3 third floor of a high flat.I guess，if an earthquake came，I would probably be 4 (extreme) afraid rather than think about what I needed to do，such as hiding somewhere or 5 (run) out of the building. I had never felt an earthquake until last week.I was reading in the room 6 I felt the ground shaking.It was a small earthquake 7 could hardly even be called an earthquake.It was not really 8 (frighten).To feel the earth move like that was just strange.It came 9 an end only a few seconds later.I have spoken to the local people since the event.Luckily，nobody 10 (injure) in the earthquake and no damage was caused by it.But if it had been a real earthquake，things would be quite different. 【答案】 1．to be trapped 2．ruins 3．the 4．extremely 5．running 6．when 7．that/which 8．frightening 9．to 10．was injured 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者经历的一次小型地震。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：没有人想被困在废墟下，所以大多数人会试图离开倒塌的废墟。分析句子可知，空处是固定短语want to do sth.，空处可使用不定式作宾语。主语nobody与trap是逻辑上的动宾关系，空处填不定式的被动语态。故填to be trapped。 2．考查名词复数。句意：没有人想被困在废墟下，所以大多数人会试图离开倒塌的废墟。分析句子可知，此处是固定短语fall in ruins“成为废墟”。故填ruins。 3．考查冠词。句意：我住在一幢高层公寓的三楼。分析句子可知，空处需使用定冠词the修饰序数词third，the third意为“第三”。故填the。 4．考查副词。句意：我想，如果地震来了，我可能会非常害怕，而不是考虑我需要做什么。分析句子可知，空处在句中应用副词作状语修饰形容词afraid。故填extremely。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：比如躲到某个地方或跑出大楼。分析句子可知，空处与前面的hiding是并列关系，作介词短语such as的宾语，应用动名词，故填running。 6．考查连词。句意：我正在房间里看书，突然感到地面在震动。分析句子可知，该处是固定句式be doing sth when ...，意为“正在做某事这时……”，when表示“这时……”。故填when。 7．考查定语从句。句意：这是一次几乎不能被称为地震的小地震。分析句子可知，该句是定语从句，其先行词是a small earthquake，指物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 8．考查形容词。句意：其实并不可怕。分析句子可知，空处应使用形容词在句中作表语，指“(事物)令人害怕的”。故填frightening。 9．考查介词。句意：几秒钟后就结束了。分析句子可知，空处是固定短语come to an end，意为“结束”。故填to。 10．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：幸运的是，没有人在地震中受伤，也没有造成任何损失。分析句子可知，空处与and后的was caused是并列谓语，应用一般过去时，主语nobody与injure是逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，且nobody为单数形式，谓语动词也应用单数形式，故填was injured。 六、完形填空 Windbreaks (防风林) help prevent the loss of soil. They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind damaging or destroying 1 . Windbreaks can be 2 valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of  West Africa. These studies found that grain 3 were twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks than in fields 4 them. But here is something 5 about windbreaks. They seem to 6 best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a 7 . If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will 8 the soil. Then the soil will be blown away. For this reason, a windbreak is most effective if it 9 only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a 10 line. An easy rule to 11 is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the 12 of the tallest trees in the windbreak. There should be at least two 13 in each windbreak. One line should be large trees. The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees or other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks. Studies have shown that some kinds of trees can grow well 14 the quality of the land is not very good. One kind of the trees is the white pine. Another is the loblolly pine. Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus (多余的) trees can be cut down and used or sold for money. Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being 15 And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture. They can provide animals with shade from the sun. 1．A．crops B．houses C．camps D．factories 2．A．exactly B．highly C．slightly D．hardly 3．A．harvests B．areas C．prices D．supplies 4．A．around B．without C．beside D．with 5．A．serious B．wrong C．obvious D．interesting 6．A．sell B．look C．grow D．work 7．A．lake B．field C．village D．city 8．A．leave B．block C．lift D．follow 9．A．contains B．divides C．raises D．serves 10．A．straight B．solid C．beautiful D．green 11．A．measure B．obey C．break D．remember 12．A．weight B．height C．cost D．value 13．A．lines B．rows C．trees D．kinds 14．A．even if B．in case C．as if D．now that 15．A．built up B．cut off C．taken off D．washed away 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了防风林在改善生态环境、保护农田土壤和降低灾害性天气对农作物的危害方面所发挥的重要作用,以及该如何建造有效的防风林。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们还阻止风破坏或摧毁庄稼。A. crops庄稼；B. houses房子；C. camps露营；D. factories工厂。根据后文“valuable for protecting grain crops”可知此处指阻止摧毁庄稼。故选A。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：防风林对于保护粮食作物具有很高的价值。A. exactly恰好地；B. highly高度地，很，非常；C. slightly轻微地；D. hardly几乎不。结合本段下文中举的例子可知，在保护农作物方面，防风林起到的作用非常大。highly“很，非常”符合语境。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些研究发现，有防风林保护的农田的粮食产量比没有防风林保护的农田高出20%。A. harvests产量；B. areas区域；C. prices价格；D. supplies供应。根据后文“were twenty percent higher in fields”可知本段强调防风林对农作物的重要保护作用，因此此处说明有防风林保护的农田的农作物的产量情况。故选A。 4．考查介词词义辨析。句意：这些研究发现，有防风林保护的农田的粮食产量比没有防风林保护的农田高出20%。A. around在四周；B. without没有；C. beside在旁边；D. with和，有。此处比较的对象是那些“没有（without）”防风林保护的农田。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是这里有一些关于防风林的有趣的事情。A. serious严肃的；B. wrong错误的；C. obvious明显的；D. interesting有趣的。根据下文的叙述可知防风林的密度并不是越大越好，这种现象是一种比较“有趣的”现象。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当它们允许一些风穿过田野周围的树木或植物屏障时，它们的效果似乎最好。A. sell销售；B. look看；C. grow生长；D. work起作用。这种有趣的现象是：防风林的密度刚好能让一些风通过时，起到的防护作用最好。work 意为“起作用，有效”。故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当它们允许一些风穿过农田周围的树木或植物屏障时，它们的效果似乎最好。A. lake湖泊；B. field农田；C. village村庄；D. city城市。根据第一段中的“were twenty percent higher in fields”可知，防风林建在“农田”的周围。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，那么接近地面的空气运动将掀起土壤。A. leave离开；B. block阻塞；C. lift举起，掀起；D. follow跟随。根据后文“Then the soil will be blown away.”可知一定密度的防风林能够很好地保护农田，如果密度过大，地面上方的空气运动就会把土壤掀起来。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于这个原因，如果防风林只含有构成一条坚固防线所需的60%到80%的树木和植物，那么防风林是最有效的。A. contains包含；B. divides分开；C. raises举起，筹集，养；D. serves服务。此处指防风林里所包含的种植的树木和其他植物的数目和密度。故选A。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：出于这个原因，如果防风林只含有构成一条坚固防线所需的60%到80%的树木和植物，那么防风林是最有效的。A. straight直的；B. solid固体的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. green绿色的，环保的。当防风林的树木密度达到完全密封状态的百分之六十到百分之八十时，防护作用最好。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要记住的一个简单规则是，防风林可以保护的区域高达防风林中最高树木高度的十倍。A. measure测量；B. obey服从；C. break打破；D. remember记得。根据该空前的“An easy rule”可知，我们应该“记住”这样一条简单的规则。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：要记住的一个简单规则是，防风林可以保护的区域高达防风林中最高树木高度的十倍。A. weight重量；B. height高度；C. cost代价；D. value价值。防风林能够保护的土地面积大约是防风林里最高树木高度的十倍。选项中与前面的名词areas相关的只有height。故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个防风林至少应有两列。A. lines列；B. rows排；C. trees树；D. kinds种类。根据下文中的“One line”和“The second line”可知，此处指防风林应该由至少两“列（lines）”树木组成。故选A。 14．考查连词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，即使土地质量不是很好，一些种类的树木也能生长得很好。A. even if即使；B. in case万一；C. as if好像；D. now that既然。引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”应用even if。故选A。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们的根有助于保护土壤不被冲走。A. built up建立；B. cut off切断；C. taken off起飞；D. washed away冲走。根据上文“Their roots help protect soil from being”可知树根有助于防止土壤流失。故选D。 七、应用文写作 你校英文报为提高学生对自然灾害的了解，新开设了Natural Disasters专栏，请你以“Forest Fires”为标题，为该专栏写一篇短文。内容包括： 1.形成的原因； 2.造成的危害(至少两点)； 3.呼吁预防。 Forest Fires ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】 Forest Fires Forest fires, powerful destructive flames that spread rapidly and devour everything in its path, cause massive damage every year. Various factors trigger the occurrence of forest fires, including natural events like lightning strikes and record-high temperature. Whereas, human negligence like leaving campfire unattended, or throwing cigarette butts irresponsibly, is to blame for the majority of the fires. The consequences can be overwhelmingly catastrophic, with vast areas reduced to ruins, threatening wildlife and ecosystem, as well as massive amounts of toxic gases released into the atmosphere, worsening air pollution. Given the damage, it is crucial that we each shoulder our share of responsibility and follow fire safety guidelines to ensure a safer and greener forest. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“Forest Fires”为标题，为学校英文报的Natural Disasters专栏写一篇短文，介绍森林火灾的形成原因、造成的危害以及呼吁预防。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 吞噬：devour → engulf 引发：trigger → cause 疏忽：negligence → carelessness 灾难性的：catastrophic → disastrous 1. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Whereas, human negligence like leaving campfire unattended, or throwing cigarette butts irresponsibly, is to blame for the majority of the fires. 拓展句：Whereas, human negligence, such as leaving campfire unattended or throwing cigarette butts irresponsibly, is what is to blame for the majority of the fires. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Forest fires, powerful destructive flames that spread rapidly and devour everything in its path, cause massive damage every year. (运用了that引导的定语从句) [高分句型2] The consequences can be overwhelmingly catastrophic, with vast areas reduced to ruins, threatening wildlife and ecosystem, as well as massive amounts of toxic gases released into the atmosphere, worsening air pollution. (运用了with复合结构和现在分词作结果状语) [高分句型3] Given the damage, it is crucial that we each should shoulder our share of responsibility and follow fire safety guidelines to ensure a safer and greener forest. (运用了that引导的主语从句) 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 参考答案 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动； vt. 使震惊 2．n. 全体职工；管理人员； vt.在……工作，任职于 3．n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩； vi. & vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入 4．n. 资金；基金 5．n. 飓风 6．n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈 7．n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备； vt. 供应，供给，提供 8．donate 9．charity 10．scare 11．power 12．run out of 二、选词填空 1．Feeling in despair 2．to figure out 3．tend to 4．bring about 5．in return 6．To be honest 7．ran out of 8．carry on 三、完成句子 1．He took some measures to take control of the company. 2．combine traditional flavors 3．was too nervous to say 4．to honor 5．to disappoint you 6．to improve 四、单句语法填空 1．to host 2．to admire 3．to relieve 4．to provide 5．to read 五、语法填空 1．to be trapped 2．ruins 3．the 4．extremely 5．running 6．when 7．that/which 8．frightening 9．to 10．was injured 六、完形填空 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了防风林在改善生态环境、保护农田土壤和降低灾害性天气对农作物的危害方面所发挥的重要作用,以及该如何建造有效的防风林。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们还阻止风破坏或摧毁庄稼。A. crops庄稼；B. houses房子；C. camps露营；D. factories工厂。根据后文“valuable for protecting grain crops”可知此处指阻止摧毁庄稼。故选A。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：防风林对于保护粮食作物具有很高的价值。A. exactly恰好地；B. highly高度地，很，非常；C. slightly轻微地；D. hardly几乎不。结合本段下文中举的例子可知，在保护农作物方面，防风林起到的作用非常大。highly“很，非常”符合语境。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些研究发现，有防风林保护的农田的粮食产量比没有防风林保护的农田高出20%。A. harvests产量；B. areas区域；C. prices价格；D. supplies供应。根据后文“were twenty percent higher in fields”可知本段强调防风林对农作物的重要保护作用，因此此处说明有防风林保护的农田的农作物的产量情况。故选A。 4．考查介词词义辨析。句意：这些研究发现，有防风林保护的农田的粮食产量比没有防风林保护的农田高出20%。A. around在四周；B. without没有；C. beside在旁边；D. with和，有。此处比较的对象是那些“没有（without）”防风林保护的农田。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是这里有一些关于防风林的有趣的事情。A. serious严肃的；B. wrong错误的；C. obvious明显的；D. interesting有趣的。根据下文的叙述可知防风林的密度并不是越大越好，这种现象是一种比较“有趣的”现象。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当它们允许一些风穿过田野周围的树木或植物屏障时，它们的效果似乎最好。A. sell销售；B. look看；C. grow生长；D. work起作用。这种有趣的现象是：防风林的密度刚好能让一些风通过时，起到的防护作用最好。work 意为“起作用，有效”。故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当它们允许一些风穿过农田周围的树木或植物屏障时，它们的效果似乎最好。A. lake湖泊；B. field农田；C. village村庄；D. city城市。根据第一段中的“were twenty percent higher in fields”可知，防风林建在“农田”的周围。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，那么接近地面的空气运动将掀起土壤。A. leave离开；B. block阻塞；C. lift举起，掀起；D. follow跟随。根据后文“Then the soil will be blown away.”可知一定密度的防风林能够很好地保护农田，如果密度过大，地面上方的空气运动就会把土壤掀起来。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于这个原因，如果防风林只含有构成一条坚固防线所需的60%到80%的树木和植物，那么防风林是最有效的。A. contains包含；B. divides分开；C. raises举起，筹集，养；D. serves服务。此处指防风林里所包含的种植的树木和其他植物的数目和密度。故选A。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：出于这个原因，如果防风林只含有构成一条坚固防线所需的60%到80%的树木和植物，那么防风林是最有效的。A. straight直的；B. solid固体的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. green绿色的，环保的。当防风林的树木密度达到完全密封状态的百分之六十到百分之八十时，防护作用最好。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要记住的一个简单规则是，防风林可以保护的区域高达防风林中最高树木高度的十倍。A. measure测量；B. obey服从；C. break打破；D. remember记得。根据该空前的“An easy rule”可知，我们应该“记住”这样一条简单的规则。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：要记住的一个简单规则是，防风林可以保护的区域高达防风林中最高树木高度的十倍。A. weight重量；B. height高度；C. cost代价；D. value价值。防风林能够保护的土地面积大约是防风林里最高树木高度的十倍。选项中与前面的名词areas相关的只有height。故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个防风林至少应有两列。A. lines列；B. rows排；C. trees树；D. kinds种类。根据下文中的“One line”和“The second line”可知，此处指防风林应该由至少两“列（lines）”树木组成。故选A。 14．考查连词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，即使土地质量不是很好，一些种类的树木也能生长得很好。A. even if即使；B. in case万一；C. as if好像；D. now that既然。引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”应用even if。故选A。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们的根有助于保护土壤不被冲走。A. built up建立；B. cut off切断；C. taken off起飞；D. washed away冲走。根据上文“Their roots help protect soil from being”可知树根有助于防止土壤流失。故选D。 七、应用文写作 Forest Fires Forest fires, powerful destructive flames that spread rapidly and devour everything in its path, cause massive damage every year. Various factors trigger the occurrence of forest fires, including natural events like lightning strikes and record-high temperature. Whereas, human negligence like leaving campfire unattended, or throwing cigarette butts irresponsibly, is to blame for the majority of the fires. The consequences can be overwhelmingly catastrophic, with vast areas reduced to ruins, threatening wildlife and ecosystem, as well as massive amounts of toxic gases released into the atmosphere, worsening air pollution. Given the damage, it is crucial that we each shoulder our share of responsibility and follow fire safety guidelines to ensure a safer and greener forest. 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $