Unit 3 语法讲解及习题 现在完成时 2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册

冀教英语八下Unit3语法讲解及习题 现在完成时 一、语法详细讲解 本单元核心语法是现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense），用于描述过去发生并持续到现在的动作，或过去动作对现在造成的影响与结果。 （一）基本结构 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词（v-ed） 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词的过去分词（v-ed） 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词（v-ed）？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词（v-ed）？ 主语为I/you/we/they或复数名词时，用have 主语为he/she/it或单数名词时，用has 例： There have been many dream teams throughout the history of sports.（体育史上出现过许多梦之队。） These teams have won gold medals for China.（这些队伍已经为中国赢得了金牌。） （二）核心用法 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 常与already, yet, just, ever, never等副词连用。 例：The players have solved the problems after a month's hard work.（经过一个月的努力，球员们已经解决了问题。） 2. 表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 常与for + 时间段、since + 时间点/从句等连用。 例：He has been a basketball player since 2021.（自2021年以来，他一直是一名篮球运动员。） 3. 表示动作在过去不确定的时间发生过，且与现在有联系 常与ever, never, before等连用。 例：Have you ever watched a diving competition?（你看过跳水比赛吗？） （三）过去分词（v-ed）的变化规则 1. 规则动词 一般动词：直接在词尾加-ed（如：play → played, work → worked） 以e结尾的动词：直接加-d（如：live → lived, change → changed） 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词：变y为i，再加-ed（如：study → studied, try → tried） 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词：双写辅音字母，再加-ed（如：stop → stopped, plan → planned） 2. 不规则动词 需特殊记忆（如：be → been, win → won, have → had, do → done, go → gone） （四）常见时间标志词 表“已完成”：already, just, yet, ever, never, before 表“持续”：for + 时间段（for 3 years）、since + 时间点（since 2020）、so far, up to now, in the last few years 二、习题训练 （一）单项选择 1. There ___________ many dream teams throughout the history of sports. A. are B. have been C. were 2. These teams ___________ gold medals for China time after time. A. win B. won C. have won 3. He ___________ a basketball player since 2021. A. is B. was C. has been 4. —___________ you ever ___________ a diving competition? —Yes, I have. A. Did; watch B. Have; watched C. Are; watching 5. Mr Brown ___________ as a doctor in that team for many years. A. served B. has served C. serves 6. The words of her coach ___________ her on her way to success. A. influenced B. have influenced C. influence 7. —___________ they ___________ the problems yet? —Yes, they have. A. Have; solved B. Did; solve C. Will; solve 8. In the last few years, we ___________ much progress in technology. A. made B. have made C. make 9. Their discoveries ___________ to the progress of AI so far. A. contributed B. have contributed C. will contribute 10. I ___________ never ___________ a soccer match live. A. have; watched B. did; watch C. am; watching （二）用所给动词的正确形式填空 11. We are pleased the players ___________ (solve) the problems after a month's hard work. 12. He ___________ (be) a basketball player since 2021. 13. Mr Brown ___________ (serve) as a doctor in that team for many years and now he is ready to retire. 14. The words of her coach ___________ (influence) her on her way to success. 15. In the last few years, we ___________ (make) much progress in the areas of technology and innovation. 16. Groups of scientists and inventors ___________ (use) their different skills to make the world better. 17. Their discoveries ___________ (contribute) to the progress of artificial intelligence. 18. ___________ you ever ___________ (watch) a ping-pong match? （三）按要求改写句子 19. These teams have won gold medals for China.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________ 20. He has been a basketball player since 2021.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 21. Mr Brown has served as a doctor for many years.（对划线部分提问 ） _____________________________________________________________________ 22. The players have solved the problems.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 23. I have watched a diving competition.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 24. They have made progress in technology.（用since 2020改写句子） _____________________________________________________________________ （四）判断句子正误并改正 25. There has been many dream teams in sports history. _____________________________________________________________________ 26. These teams win gold medals for China time after time. _____________________________________________________________________ 27. He is a basketball player since 2021. _____________________________________________________________________ 28. Have you ever watch a diving competition? _____________________________________________________________________ 29. Mr Brown served as a doctor for many years and now he retires. _____________________________________________________________________ 30. We made much progress in the last few years. _____________________________________________________________________ （五）完形填空 In the last few years, we 31. ___________ (make) much progress in sports technology. Scientists 32. ___________ (develop) new equipment to help athletes train better. For example, they 33. ___________ (create) smart shoes that can record running data. These inventions 34. ___________ (improve) athletes' performance so far. A dream team 35. ___________ (have) not only great players, but also advanced technology to support them. 三、答案及解析 （一）单项选择 1. B 解析：“throughout the history of sports”表示从过去到现在的动作，用现在完成时。 2. C 解析：“time after time”表示动作反复发生并对现在有影响，用现在完成时。 3. C 解析：“since 2021”表示从过去持续到现在的状态，用现在完成时。 4. B 解析：“ever”是现在完成时的标志词，用“Have + 主语 + watched”。 5. B 解析：“for many years”表示持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时。 6. B 解析：“on her way to success”表示动作对现在有影响，用现在完成时。 7. A 解析：“yet”是现在完成时的标志词，用“Have + 主语 + solved”。 8. B 解析：“in the last few years”表示从过去到现在的动作，用现在完成时。 9. B 解析：“so far”是现在完成时的标志词，用“have contributed”。 10. A 解析：“never”是现在完成时的标志词，用“have + watched”。 （二）用所给动词的正确形式填空 11. have solved 解析：表示过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。 12. has been 解析：“since 2021”表示持续状态，用现在完成时。 13. has served 解析：“for many years”表示持续动作，用现在完成时。 14. have influenced 解析：表示过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。 15. have made 解析：“in the last few years”表示从过去到现在的动作，用现在完成时。 16. have used 解析：表示过去动作持续到现在，用现在完成时。 17. have contributed 解析：“so far”表示到现在为止的动作，用现在完成时。 18. Have; watched 解析：“ever”是现在完成时的标志词，用一般疑问句形式。 （三）按要求改写句子 19. These teams haven't won gold medals for China. 解析：现在完成时的否定句直接在have后加not。 20. Has he been a basketball player since 2021? Yes, he has. 解析：现在完成时的一般疑问句把has提前，肯定回答用“Yes, he has.” 21. How long has Mr Brown served as a doctor? 解析：对“for + 时间段”提问用how long，把has提前。 22. Who has solved the problems? 解析：对主语“the players”提问用who，保持现在完成时结构。 23. Have you watched a diving competition? No, I haven't. 解析：现在完成时的一般疑问句把have提前，否定回答用“No, I haven't.” 24. They have made progress in technology since 2020. 解析：“since 2020”表示从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时。 （四）判断句子正误并改正 25. 错误，改正：There have been many dream teams in sports history. 解析：主语“many dream teams”是复数，用have been。 26. 错误，改正：These teams have won gold medals for China time after time. 解析：表示动作反复发生并对现在有影响，用现在完成时。 27. 错误，改正：He has been a basketball player since 2021. 解析：“since 2021”表示持续状态，用现在完成时。 28. 错误，改正：Have you ever watched a diving competition? 解析：现在完成时中watch的过去分词是watched。 29. 错误，改正：Mr Brown has served as a doctor for many years and now he is ready to retire. 解析：“for many years”表示持续动作，用现在完成时。 30. 错误，改正：We have made much progress in the last few years. 解析：“in the last few years”表示从过去到现在的动作，用现在完成时。 （五）完形填空 31. have made 解析：“in the last few years”表示从过去到现在的动作，用现在完成时。 32. have developed 解析：表示过去动作持续到现在，用现在完成时。 33. have created 解析：表示过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。 34. have improved 解析：“so far”表示到现在为止的动作，用现在完成时。 35. has 解析：主语“a dream team”是单数，用has。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $