专项练习二十九 词汇辨析（同义词、近义词、形近词） 2026年中考英语常考知识点专项练习

2026年中考英语常考知识点专项练习二十九 词汇辨析（同义词、近义词、形近词） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共20分） 1. The teacher asked us to ______ the new words after class. A. review B. revise C. remember D. remind 2. The little girl was ______ by the sudden noise and began to cry. A. afraid B. frightened C. scared D. terrified 3. We need to ______ more trees to protect our environment. A. plant B. grow C. raise D. feed 4. My grandfather has ______ for 30 years and he really enjoys it. A. retired B. resigned C. left D. quit 5. The manager asked me to ______ the report by Friday. A. complete B. finish C. accomplish D. achieve 6. We should ______ water because it's precious. A. save B. keep C. store D. reserve 7. The teacher's explanation made the difficult problem ______ to us. A. easy B. simple C. clear D. obvious 8. I ______ an interesting book in the library yesterday. A. found B. found out C. discovered D. looked for 9. The children were ______ about going to the zoo. A. excited B. exciting C. interested D. interesting 10. Please ______ me your dictionary. I need to look up a word. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. use 二、语法填空（每空1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空。每个选项限用一次。 say, tell, speak, talk; rise, raise; lie, lay; affect, effect Last week, our teacher (11) ______ us about the importance of environmental protection. She (12) ______ that pollution has a bad (13) ______ on our health. Then she asked us to (14) ______ about what we can do to help. Tom stood up and (15) ______ for five minutes. He suggested that we should (16) ______ people's awareness of this issue. After the discussion, the teacher asked us to (17) ______ our hands if we agreed with Tom's idea. Many hands (18) ______. Then she told us a story about a boy who found a bird (19) ______ on the ground. He carefully (20) ______ it in a box and took it home. 三、句型转换（每题3分，共15分） 根据要求改写句子，保持句意基本不变。 21. She received a letter from her friend yesterday. (改为同义句) She ______ ______ her friend yesterday. 22. The little boy continued to cry. (改为同义句) The little boy ______ ______ crying. 23. I spent 50 yuan on the dictionary. (改为同义句) The dictionary ______ ______ 50 yuan. 24. He arrived at the station early. (改为同义句) He ______ ______ the station early. 25. The meeting began at 9 o'clock. (改为同义句) The meeting ______ ______ at 9 o'clock. 四、短文改错（共10分） 下面短文中有5处错误，每句中最多有两处。请找出并改正。（每处2分） I am very interested at science. Yesterday, I did an experiment in the chemistry lab. I wanted to find the answer of a question. First, I put some water into a cup. Then I added a little salt and mixed them together. After that, I heated the mixture. I waited patient for the result. Finally, the water disappeared and only salt left. I was very exciting because I discovered something new. This experiment made me to feel the joy of science. 26. ______ → ______ 27. ______ → ______ 28. ______ → ______ 29. ______ → ______ 30. ______ → ______ 五、语篇应用（每题2分，共10分） 根据汉语提示，用适当的词汇完成下列句子，注意词的正确形式。 31. 请把这本书还给图书馆。 Please ______ the book ______ the library. 32. 他抬头看了看天空中的风筝。 He ______ ______ at the kite in the sky. 33. 这道数学题太难了，我解不出来。 The math problem is too difficult for me to ______ ______. 34. 我父亲每天花费两个小时阅读报纸。 My father ______ two hours ______ newspapers every day. 35. 请告诉我你的决定。 Please ______ me your decision. 参考答案及详细解析 一、单项选择 1. A. review 解析：review表示"复习，回顾"，指重新学习已学过的内容。revise主要指"修订，修改"，用于修改文章等。remember是"记住"，remind是"提醒"。根据语境，老师要求课后复习新单词，故选A。 2. B. frightened 解析：四个选项都有"害怕"的意思，但frightened强调突然的惊吓，常与by连用。afraid常作表语，不与by连用。scared多用于口语，terrified程度最深。这里是被突然的声音吓到，故选B。 3. A. plant 解析：plant trees是固定搭配，意为"植树"。grow强调种植和培育的过程，raise是"养育，提高"，feed是"喂养"。表示种树用plant。 4. A. retired 解析：retire指"退休"，通常指到了年龄从工作岗位退休。resign是"辞职"，leave是"离开"，quit是"退出，放弃"。根据"30 years"和"enjoys it"可知是退休，故选A。 5. A. complete 解析：complete和finish都有"完成"的意思，但complete更正式，强调完成整个任务或项目。accomplish和achieve多指取得成就或实现目标。complete a report是常见搭配。 6. A. save 解析：save water是固定搭配，意为"节约用水"。keep是"保持"，store是"储存"，reserve是"预订，保留"。根据"water is precious"可知要节约用水。 7. C. clear 解析：clear表示"清楚的，清晰的"，make sth. clear to sb. 意为"使某人清楚某事"。easy和simple都表示"简单"，但这里强调理解上的清晰。obvious是"明显的"。根据语境，老师的解释使难题变得清晰，故选C。 8. A. found 解析：find表示"找到，发现"，强调结果。found out指查明真相或发现秘密，discover指发现客观存在但以前不为人知的事物，look for强调寻找的过程。昨天在图书馆找到一本有趣的书，强调结果，用found。 9. A. excited 解析：excited形容人感到兴奋的，exciting形容事物令人兴奋的。interested形容人感兴趣的，interesting形容事物有趣的。主语children是人，且对去动物园感到兴奋，用excited。 10. B. lend 解析：lend表示"借出"，borrow表示"借入"。根据"我需要查单词"可知是请对方借给我，即对方借出，用lend。keep是"保持"，use是"使用"。 二、语法填空 11. told 解析：tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事。根据后面us about...，用tell的过去式told。 12. said 解析：say后面接说话内容，用过去式said。 13. effect 解析：have an effect on 对...有影响。effect是名词，affect是动词。 14. talk 解析：talk about 谈论。老师让我们谈论我们能做什么。 15. spoke 解析：speak for... 说了...时间。Tom站起来说了五分钟。 16. raise 解析：raise awareness 提高意识。raise是及物动词，后面直接接宾语。 17. raise 解析：raise one's hand 举手。固定搭配。 18. rose 解析：rise是不及物动词，表示"升起，举起"。many hands rose 许多手举起来了。 19. lying 解析：lie表示"躺，平放"，现在分词lying。found a bird lying on the ground 发现一只鸟躺在地上。 20. laid 解析：lay表示"放置"，过去式laid。他小心地把鸟放在盒子里。 三、句型转换 21. heard from 解析：receive a letter from = hear from 收到某人的来信。 22. went on 或 kept on 解析：continue to do = go on doing/keep on doing 继续做某事。 23. cost me 解析：spend money on sth. = sth. cost sb. money 某物花费某人多少钱。 24. got to 或 reached 解析：arrive at = get to/reach 到达。 25. started 或 commenced 解析：begin = start/commence 开始。 四、短文改错 26. at → in 解析：be interested in 对...感兴趣，固定搭配。 27. of → to 解析：the answer to a question 问题的答案，固定搭配。 28. them → it 解析：mixture是单数，指混合后的整体，所以用it代替。 29. patient → patiently 解析：修饰动词waited用副词patiently。 30. exciting → excited 解析：形容人感到兴奋用excited，形容事物令人兴奋用exciting。主语I是人，用excited。 五、语篇应用 31. return, to 解析：return sth. to... 把某物归还给... 32. looked up 解析：look up 抬头看，向上看。 33. work out 解析：work out 解决，计算出。 34. spends, reading 解析：spend time doing sth. 花费时间做某事。 35. tell 解析：tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事。 2/2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $