题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（河北专用）（中考真题+热点话题练）-2026年中考英语总复习(河北专用)

题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (河北专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 说明文,科普知识 2 适中 说明文,环境保护 3 适中 说明文,发明与创造,科学技术 4 较易 节约与浪费,说明文,环境保护 5 适中 说明文,发明与创造,其他著名人物 6 适中 说明文,情绪,意见/建议 7 适中 科普知识,说明文,奇闻轶事 8 适中 说明文,意见/建议 9 较易 中华文化,说明文 10 较易 说明文,礼仪与习俗 11 较易 词句猜测,科普知识,说明文,植物,推理判断,细节理解 12 容易 说明文,发明与创造,细节理解 13 适中 说明文,科学技术 14 较易 说明文,意见/建议,青少年问题 15 较易 中华文化,说明文 【中考真题】 Have you ever visited Xiong’an Business Service Center? Do you know anything special about it? On top of the center’s six buildings, there are about 28,400 solar panels (太阳能板). They match perfectly with the traditional Chinese design of the buildings. If they were put together, the solar panels would cover an area of 1.4 standard football fields. These panels now can produce 5% of the electricity that is needed for the center. Using local clean energy plays an important role in Xiong’an New Area’s progress. Solar panels which cover some buildings are used to provide electricity in the area. In the future, the solar panel project will produce more electricity. The electricity will first be used by companies in the area, and the rest will be shared. The solar panel project is good for the environment and economy (经济). It not only helps to reduce greenhouse gases (温室气体), but also lowers electricity costs for companies in the area. The project is expected to produce nearly 3.5 million kWh of electricity. This means that about 3,000 tons of greenhouse gases will be avoided every year. There are already a number of projects in the area. These projects use solar power and other clean energy. Two new projects will be started: an energy-saving lighting project and a green heating project. The purpose of the two new projects is to further cut pollution. Xiong’an New Area is on the way to becoming a green modern city. 1．What is on top of the center’s six buildings? A．Solar panels. B．Football fields. C．A modern business office. D．A traditional Chinese garden. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The ways of saving electricity. B．The advantages of the project. C．The effects of greenhouse gases. D．The costs of running companies. 3．What is the purpose of the two new projects? A．To cut pollution. B．To plant more trees. C．To use more energy. D．To produce electricity. 4．Where is the text most probably from? A．A diary. B．A newspaper. C．A guidebook. D．A storybook. The Hutuo River is the mother river of Shijiazhuang, the capital city of Hebei. About 20 years ago, it was dirty and almost dried up. Thanks to the government’s work, it has become much cleaner. Wu Wenzhong, a 58-year-old villager, lives near the river. “My friends and I often played with water, swam and caught fish in it when I was a child. I liked catching fish best,” he said. He remembers that the villagers had to cross the river by boat at that time. But as time passed by, it got dirty and started to dry up. To remediate (修复) the river, the government do a lot of things. They clean the river up and build levees (防洪堤) . They plant trees, grass and flowers to green the riverside. They set up fences (防护栏) and put up “No Swimming” signs along the river to protect people. They stop factories from putting waste water into the river. They keep an eye on the river to make sure it stays clean for the fish, birds and people who live nearby. They also have a long-term plan to keep the river in good condition. Now, there are more than 20 kinds of birds living around the river. It becomes a home for birds again. People can enjoy a day outdoors with the beauty of nature along the river. Wu and other villagers are happy to see the river looking good again. The Hutuo River’s story shows that when people work together to take care of nature, good things can happen. 1．What was Wu Wenzhong’s favourite activity when he was a child? A．Boating. B．Swimming. C．Planting trees. D．Catching fish. 2．Which question can help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．How does the river look? B．When do people green the riverside? C．Why is the river important? D．What do the government do for the river? 3．What do we know about today’s Hutuo River? A．Many birds live around it. B．Factories get water from it. C．Over 20 kinds of fish live in it. D．Villagers make boats near it. 【热点话题练习】 Students pass their schoolwork through different hands, from their group leaders to the class representative (课代表), and finally to the teacher. It might not sound too difficult, but sometimes it can go wrong and take a lot of time. To deal with this problem, Zhang Xirui, a student in Guangdong, came up with a useful tool—a smart homework collection robot. This won him first prize in the 20th Guangdong Provincial Teenagers and Children’s Invention Awards. The robot uses radio frequency identification (RFID，无线射频识别) technology, a reader and a special tag (标签) that can share information without touching each other. This way, it can help find and know what it is looking for. Each student’s notebook has a special RFID tag with his or her name and the subject. And each student only needs to place the notebook on the robot, and the machine “sees” the notebook, reads its tag and takes the name out of the name list. “Teachers can check who hasn’t turned in homework by connecting their phones with the robot through Wi-Fi,” the student explained to a reporter. ▲ Now, he’s planning to develop a third-generation and hopes to use ultra-high-frequency (超高频) radio technology to read lots of RFID tags far away. That means if you stick a special tag on your notebook, the robot can read the information from a thick stack (一堆) of notebooks at once. Zhang believes this is the key to how artificial intelligence can make life easier for us. Zhang dreams of becoming a scientist when he grows up. “I have tried making model airplanes and other scientific and creative projects. Inventing has brought me joy and happiness,” he said. 1．What technology does Zhang Xirui’s smart homework collection robot use? A．Artificial intelligence only. B．Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. C．Ultra-high-frequency radio technology. D．Wi-Fi connection technology only. 2．How can teachers check who hasn’t turned in homework with the robot? A．By checking the robot’s screen directly. B．By connecting their phones with the robot through Wi-Fi. C．By asking the class representative for the list. D．By reading the RFID tags one by one manually. 3．Which sentence can be put in “ ▲ ” in paragraph 4? A．The robot is difficult to develop. B．The robot is the second-generation model made by Zhang. C．The robot can make life easier for us. D．The robot has developed well so far. 4．What does the underlined phrase “turned in” most probably mean in the passage? A．Found out. B．Handed in. C．Thrown away. D．Taken away. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How RFID technology is used in daily life. B．Zhang Xirui’s dream of becoming a scientist. C．A student invents a smart homework collection robot to solve a school problem. D．The 20th Guangdong Provincial Teenagers and Children’s Invention Awards. The Palace Museum is becoming better. The Zero Waste Palace Museum project, which was launched (发起) in 2020, aims to achieve the goal of “reducing waste to close to zero”. In 2021, a bull-shaped sculpture (雕像) called Funiucijiu was on show in the area of Cining Palace. 92% of the materials for the sculpture came from the recycled waste in the Palace Museum, a total of 0.32 tons. After a series of processing, the waste had been changed from waste to beauty. The museum also recycled about 60,322 plastic bottles to make cultural and creative products (文创产品) between June 2021 and January 2024, reducing carbon emissions (碳排放). In the last few years, the number of dustbins in areas open to the public has reduced to 110 sets. The Zero Waste Palace Museum project will be further introduced to more people. So far, about 3,000 museum workers, 40,000 tourist guides, and 21 million visitors have taken part in the project. In this way, they can not only learn historical knowledge, but also get into the habits of creating less waste. The Palace Museum is on the road to becoming a greener museum in the world. 1．What is the aim of the Zero Waste Palace Museum project? A．To build more sculptures in the Palace Museum. B．To reduce waste to close to zero. C．To increase the number of dustbins in the Palace Museum. D．To attract more visitors to the Palace Museum. 2．What were the plastic bottles recycled to make? A．Bull-shaped sculptures. B．Dustbins. C．Cultural and creative products. D．Tourist guides’ tools. 3．Who has taken part in the project up to now? A．Only museum workers and tourists. B．3,000 museum workers, 40,000 tourist guides and 21 million visitors. C．Only 21 million visitors and tourist guides. D．3,000 museum workers and 40,000 tourists. 4．What can we learn about the “Funiucijiu” sculpture from the passage? A．It was made totally of new materials. B．It was the first recycled art piece in the Palace Museum. C．It showed how waste can be turned into art. D．It was displayed outside the Cining Palace area. Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink (墨水) on paper. But blind people cannot see, so how can they read books? The man who introduced a way of reading to blind people was Louis Braille. Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three. When he was ten, he went to study in a school for the blind in Paris. In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire (金属丝) to form letters. Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it. In 1821, a soldier (士兵) visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night. His system used paper with small, raised dots (凸起的点) that could be felt with the fingers. People used fingers over the raised dots to read messages. While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to use. However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it. At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots symbolizing each letter. “Braille”, the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was born. The blind can easily identify Braille with their fingers and get the meaning quickly. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter. Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version (版本) of Braille for its people to use. 1．Why does the writer ask the question at the end of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a great book. B．To show the blind’s problems. C．To catch readers’ interests. D．To do a survey. 2．What happened to Louis Braille at the age of 10? A．He lost his eyesight. B．He went to Paris for study. C．He met a great soldier. D．He created Braille. 3．How could the system the soldier showed pass messages? A．By feeling the metal wires on the paper. B．By feeling the small raised dots on the paper. C．By writing with a special typewriter. D．By using the heavy books. 4．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in the text? A．Know. B．Add. C．Control. D．Forget. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Development of Letters B．Great Books for the Blind C．The Importance of Reading D．The Invention of Braille Bad days happen to many of us. Something makes us sad, angry, frustrated or disappointed. But you still have to get up and go to work. Everything others say to you sounds stupid. Everyone seems to annoy (使烦恼) you. Luckily, you can do something about it. Here are some ways to turn around a bad day. ▲ It is not that hard. If you’re mad, be mad. If you’re sad, be sad. This does not give you license to be rude and unpleasant to others. It just means that you need to recognize and accept your bad mood to be able to do something. Tell others. You can try to keep your bad mood a secret and put on your happy mask (面具). But you’re fooling nobody. So the best thing to do is to tell the people you work closely with. For example, you can just tell them, “Listen, I’m in a really bad mood today. I’m not sure why, but it has nothing to do with you. If I make you angry, I apologize (道歉) in advance.” Remember the good. Spend a few moments to try thinking of at least one or two things that aren’t all bad. This could be something you look forward to, a person you like at work, or a nice thing that happened recently. Take some quiet time. Take a walk in your lunch break. Sit and work somewhere quiet. Take a long bathroom break. Consider going home early or taking the day off. 1．Which of the following sentences can be put in “ ▲ ”? A．Say no to the bad mood. B．Accept your bad mood. C．Write the bad mood down. D．Stay away from rude people. 2．What is the best thing to do if you are in a bad mood according to Paragraph 3? A．Tell the people you work closely with about it. B．Tell others that you are all OK. C．Stop working and take a walk outside. D．Have some delicious food at lunch time. 3．What is the structure of the text? (P₁= Paragraph 1…) A． B． C． D． 4．What is the writer trying to do in the text? A．Tell us where the bad mood comes from. B．Give us some suggestions on dealing with a bad mood. C．Explain how the bad mood is harmful to us. D．Encourage us to communicate with others more. There are many interesting places in the world. Taos is one of them. But do you know what it is famous for? Taos is a small town in New Mexico, the US. Many people come here for a visit every year. They do not come to see the beautiful scenes (景色) or eat delicious food. They come to listen to a kind of sound: the Taos Hum. The word “hum” means a low sound that never stops. It sounds really strange. Firstly, the Taos Hum that people hear is quite different. Some say it sounds like a little bee flying around you. Others think it sounds like a car moving in a faraway place. Secondly, nobody knows where the sound comes from. Joe Mullins, a scientist from the University of New Mexico, is one of the first people to do research on the hum. He put some instruments in places where people could hear the hum, but those instruments couldn’t “hear” any hum! Others who wanted to find the hum failed, too. Many people try to explain that strange sound. Someone says it is a kind of noise made by insects. Someone believes it must come from some secret projects. Someone says there is an underground UFO base! But no one is sure which is right. It might be interesting for visitors to listen to the hum, but it is not for people who live in the town. They have to hear the sound all the time. That is really a hard life. 1．Why do many people come to Taos for a visit every year? A．To enjoy the beautiful scenes. B．To eat the delicious food. C．To listen to the Taos Hum. D．To do some research. 2．Which question can best help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Why is the sound so strange? B．When can people hear the strange sound? C．What’s the secret behind the sound? D．How does the sound influence people? 3．What do we know about the sound? A．Only a few people can hear the sound. B．Most people believe the sound comes from insects. C．The sound never stops. D．Joe Mullins has got the sound by using instruments. ①You may wonder how you can find beauty in the place you’ve known so well. People usually think that only by going to places far away can they feel that. In fact, what you need to do is to explore (探索) with fresh eyes. ②Imagining yourself as a guide is a good way. Where will you suggest visitors go if they come to Changchun? You can find some good places by answering it. A good option is a museum of cars, where you can learn about the history of the car industry, and know the development of different brands of cars. ③To find changes in your city, you can look up some information online. You may find Beijing West Street, which is a new cultural landmark in Changchun. It has become a hot topic. It used to be a common street. The buildings there have been rebuilt. Many drama festivals, street art shows and fairs of cultural products are held. The minute you arrive, you will be shocked by a rush of fresh energy in the busy air. ④Going somewhere in person and watching, you will get something unexpected. When you visit Jingyue National Forest Park, nature seems the only thing to enjoy. But surprisingly, you’ll also find so many people doing different outdoor activities, like walking, riding and camping. The beautiful scenes of humans and nature will be printed in your mind, inspiring you to try something fantastic in no time. ⑤Exploring your city in a different light, you can know more about its history, culture and development. You will fall in love with where you live hundreds of times with a pair of admiring eyes. 1．How can people feel beauty in a place they’ve known well? A．By driving a car. B．By imagining the future. C．By drawing pictures. D．By learning about it with fresh eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “option” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．rule B．business C．choice D．sign 3．What is Beijing West Street like now? A．It is a common street. B．It is full of fresh energy. C．It has many new buildings. D．It is very hot and busy there. 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage?(①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2, ...) A． B． C． D． 5．What is probably the best title (标题) for this passage? A．Finding Beauty Around B．Walking in Changes C．Going Deep into Nature D．Turning Old Street New Have you thought about a question—why do the elders give you lucky money every year? Do you know something about it? And how does it come into being? Let’s take a look together. Long ago, there was a legend (传说). Every New Year’s Eve, a little monster called “Sui” would come out while people were sleeping. It would touch the children’s foreheads, making them sick. There was a couple with a son. To protect him, they wrapped eight copper coins (铜钱) in red paper and put them under the child’s pillow (枕头) on New Year’s Eve. In the middle of the night. “Sui” appeared, but as it got close to the child, the copper coins shone brightly and scared it away. It turned out that the eight copper coins were transformed (转化) by the Eight Gods, who were protecting the child in secret. Later, people started doing the same thing, putting the red-wrapped copper coins under children’s pillows to keep them safe through the new year. Because “Sui” and “Sui (year)” sound the same, the “Sui-repelling money” became “Lucky Money,” symbolizing the protection of children from evil and wishing them a safe and healthy year. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, real money was used as Lucky Money, wrapped in red paper and placed under children’s pillows. Today. Lucky Money is not only a blessing from elders to younger ones but also a special New Year gift for children. The tradition of Lucky Money carries the love and blessings of elders for the younger generation, wishing them health and happiness in the new year. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking questions. B．By telling a story. C．By showing some sayings. D．By showing surveys. 2．What happened when “Sui” got close to the child? A．The copper coins shone and scared “Sui” away. B．The child on the pillow woke up at once. C．Eight Gods appeared. D．The child’s forehead shone brightly. 3．What does the underlined word “evil” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Something bad. B．Something useful. C．Something loud. D．Something in black. 4．When was real money used as Lucky Money? A．Before the Ming Dynasty. B．In the Ming and Qing Dynasties. C．After the legend was widely known. D．When Sui-repelling money became Lucky Money. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Lucky Money B．The Best Time to Give Lucky Money C．The Future of Lucky Money D．The Legend and History of Lucky Money If you go to a party, this article will help you a lot. It will teach you some useful ways and help you spend a happy party time with your friends. Wait for your turn while you’re having dinner. It is traditional to serve the oldest women first at the table, and then the other women in the age order. Lastly, it’s for the men. Never start eating until the hostess begins to eat. Or you may make others unhappy or angry. While you’re eating, put the knife and fork on either side of the plate. After finishing eating, place them side by side in the centre of the plate. Try your food. If you dislike the dish, it is polite to at least try eating a little. That shows your respect. This will make the host want to invite you again next time. It’s normal to leave some food on one side of your plate if you feel full. On the other hand, don’t try to leave your plate so clean that it looks like you haven’t eaten for days! Make polite talks with those guests around you. That’s because dinner parties are not just about the food, and you can look for something common to talk with them. If you can answer others’ questions, they will think you are understanding. If you don’t want to talk, you can be just careful to look at others’ eyes while listening. They can see your heart. Remember to thank the host and hostess before leaving. You can say you like the dinner or enjoy this happy service. Then they will also thank you for loving this party. As a result, they will believe you have a good time. 1．Who should be served first while you’re having dinner? A．Tony, who is 25. B．Mrs. Green, who is 87. C．Mrs. Smith, who is 75. D．Mr. Green, who is 60. 2．Which of the following pictures shows the right position of the knife and fork after finishing eating? A． B． C． D． 3．What is the polite way to do it if you don’t like the dish? A．Try eating a little. B．Tell the host and hostess directly. C．Just talk with those guests around you. D．Never put it on your plate. 4．Which of the following may the writer agree with? A．You should try to leave your plate very clean after finishing eating. B．You should not look at others’ eyes while listening to them. C．You should say thanks to the host and hostess before leaving. D．You should try to make some friends at the dinner party. Plants might look like they are doing nothing, but in fact they are very busy. And what they’re doing is very “smart”. In the 1980s, two scientists in the US found that plants can “talk” to each other. They planted several tree seedlings in separate pots and put them all inside a clear, sealed box. When they cut leaves on one of the young trees, it produced a chemical (化合物) to try to protect itself. Then, about 36 hours later, the other seedlings made the same chemical. This showed that the hurt tree had sent a signal through the air to the others. What’s more, plants can even learn. A 2014 Australian study used the mimosa (含羞草). The scientists put many pots of this plant on special racks (架子). They then dropped each plant 15 centimeters down on its rack and repeated this 60 times. At first, the plants curled (卷曲) their leaves, but they soon stopped. They had learned that the drop wouldn’t hurt them. Plants don’t have brains, so how do they learn? Well, plants have a system of tubes that moves water and nutrients within them. When plants are affected by their environment, they produce certain chemicals. These chemicals move through the tubes to send important messages. This helps the plants change their reactions (反应) to the environment. 1．How did the hurt tree in the 1980s study send a signal? A．Through the soil. B．Through the water. C．Through the air. D．Through the sunshine. 2．Why does the writer use the example “the mimosa”? A．To show that plants can learn. B．To talk about how hard scientists’ lives are. C．To encourage us to do more experiments. D．To find out the reason why the mimosa can cry. 3．What does the underlined word “These” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Tubes in plants. B．Water and nutrients. C．Certain chemicals produced by plants. D．Messages sent through tubes. 4．Which of the following will the writer probably agree with? A．Plants can talk to each other. B．Plants can’t change all the time. C．Humans can hear plants’ words. D．Plants can’t produce chemicals. Dr. Johnson was a great inventor. He loved making robots of all kinds, and he was good at it. His robots could help people do many things like cooking food, cleaning the house, playing musical instruments, and even writing poems! A short while ago, Dr. Johnson made a robot named Bobby. Bobby was different from other robots because he liked to explore new things. Bobby always asked Dr. Johnson questions like “What’s this?” and “How does that work?” Then, Dr. Johnson decided to teach Bobby to learn things by himself. He wanted Bobby to be able to explore the world, just like a human child. When Bobby was 8 months old, Dr. Johnson took him to the zoo to learn about animals. Bobby watched elephants, lions, monkeys, and pandas. He was amazed by how different they looked. In fact, Bobby was interested in exploring planets and space. So he took a tour of the solar system with the help of a computer program. One day, Dr. Johnson got very sick, so Bobby put him to bed and took over his work. He even got a robot assistant to help him take care of Dr. Johnson. Bobby was really a clever and useful robot. 1．What did Dr. Johnson do? A．A teacher. B．An inventor. C．A farmer. D．An engineer. 2．How old was Bobby when Dr. Johnson took him to the zoo? A．Six months old. B．Seven months old. C．Eight months old. D．Nine months old. 3．What was Bobby interested in exploring? A．Planets and space. B．Art and history. C．Animals and plants. D．Human and society. People know animals have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs (青蛙) and pandas. A new study adds chickens to the list. It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds as if (好像) to tell other chickens about the food. When there was no food, the chickens made low and long noises to tell their disappointment (失望). The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves (声波). Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. 69% of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, though some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this discovery can bring about new technology to assist with chicken-raising, which is a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 1．According to paragraph 1, what do scientists study in their research? A．Good ways to raise animals. B．The feelings of different animals. C．Advantages of talking with animals. D．The relationship between animals and humans. 2．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken?(t: time; s: sound) A． B． C． D． 3．What did the volunteers do in the research? A．They fed the chickens and took care of them. B．They helped to record the sounds of chickens. C．They listened to the chicken calls to tell their feelings. D．They worked with researchers to make the chickens happy. 4．What do the underlined words “assist with” mean in paragraph 4? A．Help with. B．Bring down. C．Fall behind. D．Agree on. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Chickens’ Food calls B．Happy chickens, Sad chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers Do you sometimes need time alone but find your parents are always around? If so, does that make you unhappy or even lead to arguments? When you are young, you mostly follow your parents’ plans. As you grow, you hope to have more private space and time. But your parents think you are too young to be alone. So, it’s difficult for teenagers to have private space and time. Then what can you do? Here is some advice. Talk to your parents clearly and kindly. It’s important to tell your parents what you think and feel. Don’t get mad. Just tell your parents why you need some time alone. At the same time, show them that you’re ready. Try to finish homework on time and help out around the house. These will show them you are responsible, and they will probably give you more space. If they need time to consider, just be patient. It’s not easy to get your parents to leave you alone, but it’s possible. There are always ways to get your own time and space. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking questions. B．By telling stories. C．By drawing a map. D．By listing numbers. 2．What do teenagers hope to do according to paragraph 2? A．Grow up faster day by day. B．Have their own time and space. C．Make a big difference to the world. D．Achieve their dreams by themselves. 3．What can teenagers do to show they are responsible? A．Talk clearly and kindly. B．Tell parents how they feel. C．Help out around the house. D．Ask for more time alone. 4．Which might the writer agree with? A．Parents wish their children to be alone early. B．Parents shouldn’t let children make choices. C．Teenagers can always depend on their parents. D．Teenagers should be patient with their parents while communicating. Chinese New Year Painting, or nianhua in Chinese, is a kind of traditional painting to be put up on walls and windows during the Spring Festival. Its bright colors and different patterns show the Chinese great expectation for happiness and wealth. Chinese New Year Painting is an old handicraft (手工艺品). Its original (最初的) patterns were a picture of a door god. Later, more patterns such as the kitchen god, women and babies were included. As the Chinese New Year arrives, every family puts up its New Year paintings in order to say goodbye to the past and welcome the future. One of the most famous woodblock New Year paintings comes from Yangjiabu, Shandong Province. They reflect people’s everyday life. As time went by, people found New Year paintings old-fashioned. Besides, they considered the door god too scary to hang in their homes. They wanted something more artistic. So in the middle of the 1980s, the sales of New Year paintings dropped greatly. Usually, colorful woodblock New Year paintings are produced in four steps. Firstly, artists draw a simple sketch(素描) on the paper. Secondly, they make the simple sketch on the wood board and print a few samples (样品). Thirdly, they add color to the sample. Lastly, when the preparation is finished, the printers paint color on the color board, and then put paper on the wood board and brush the paper. Then the colorful woodblock New Year paintings are ready. There are four main themes (主题) in the Chinese New Year paintings... 1．Which is the first pattern of Chinese New Year Painting? A．A picture of babies. B．A picture of a door god. C．A picture of women. D．A picture of the kitchen god. 2．Why did fewer and fewer people buy Chinese New Year paintings in the middle of the 1980s? A．People wanted something more artistic. B．People found New Year paintings unimportant. C．People thought the door god couldn’t bring good luck. D．People found it hard to produce New Year paintings. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How artists add color to the sample. B．What woodblock New Year paintings reflect. C．How artists produce colorful woodblock New Year paintings. D．Who makes the simple sketch on the wood board and the paper. 4．In which part of a magazine can you read this text? A．Culture. B．Nature. C．Education. D．Health. 5．What will the writer probably write next? A．The history of Chinese New Year Painting. B．The development of Chinese New Year Painting. C．The process of creating Chinese New Year Painting. D．The introduction to main themes of Chinese New Year Painting. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (河北专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 说明文,科普知识 2 适中 说明文,环境保护 3 适中 说明文,发明与创造,科学技术 4 较易 节约与浪费,说明文,环境保护 5 适中 说明文,发明与创造,其他著名人物 6 适中 说明文,情绪,意见/建议 7 适中 科普知识,说明文,奇闻轶事 8 适中 说明文,意见/建议 9 较易 中华文化,说明文 10 较易 说明文,礼仪与习俗 11 较易 词句猜测,科普知识,说明文,植物,推理判断,细节理解 12 容易 说明文,发明与创造,细节理解 13 适中 说明文,科学技术 14 较易 说明文,意见/建议,青少年问题 15 较易 中华文化,说明文 【中考真题】 Have you ever visited Xiong’an Business Service Center? Do you know anything special about it? On top of the center’s six buildings, there are about 28,400 solar panels (太阳能板). They match perfectly with the traditional Chinese design of the buildings. If they were put together, the solar panels would cover an area of 1.4 standard football fields. These panels now can produce 5% of the electricity that is needed for the center. Using local clean energy plays an important role in Xiong’an New Area’s progress. Solar panels which cover some buildings are used to provide electricity in the area. In the future, the solar panel project will produce more electricity. The electricity will first be used by companies in the area, and the rest will be shared. The solar panel project is good for the environment and economy (经济). It not only helps to reduce greenhouse gases (温室气体), but also lowers electricity costs for companies in the area. The project is expected to produce nearly 3.5 million kWh of electricity. This means that about 3,000 tons of greenhouse gases will be avoided every year. There are already a number of projects in the area. These projects use solar power and other clean energy. Two new projects will be started: an energy-saving lighting project and a green heating project. The purpose of the two new projects is to further cut pollution. Xiong’an New Area is on the way to becoming a green modern city. 1．What is on top of the center’s six buildings? A．Solar panels. B．Football fields. C．A modern business office. D．A traditional Chinese garden. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The ways of saving electricity. B．The advantages of the project. C．The effects of greenhouse gases. D．The costs of running companies. 3．What is the purpose of the two new projects? A．To cut pollution. B．To plant more trees. C．To use more energy. D．To produce electricity. 4．Where is the text most probably from? A．A diary. B．A newspaper. C．A guidebook. D．A storybook. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了雄安商务服务中心的太阳能板项目。 1．细节理解题。根据“On top of the center’s six buildings, there are about 28,400 solar panels (太阳能板).”可知，该中心的六栋建筑顶部共有约28400块太阳能板。故选A。 2．段落大意题。分析第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍这个项目对环境和经济都有益处，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The purpose of the two new projects is to further cut pollution.”可知，这两个新项目的目的是进一步减少污染。故选A。 4．推理判断题。本文介绍了雄安商务服务中心的太阳能板项目，所以推测可能在报纸上看到这篇文章，故选B。 The Hutuo River is the mother river of Shijiazhuang, the capital city of Hebei. About 20 years ago, it was dirty and almost dried up. Thanks to the government’s work, it has become much cleaner. Wu Wenzhong, a 58-year-old villager, lives near the river. “My friends and I often played with water, swam and caught fish in it when I was a child. I liked catching fish best,” he said. He remembers that the villagers had to cross the river by boat at that time. But as time passed by, it got dirty and started to dry up. To remediate (修复) the river, the government do a lot of things. They clean the river up and build levees (防洪堤) . They plant trees, grass and flowers to green the riverside. They set up fences (防护栏) and put up “No Swimming” signs along the river to protect people. They stop factories from putting waste water into the river. They keep an eye on the river to make sure it stays clean for the fish, birds and people who live nearby. They also have a long-term plan to keep the river in good condition. Now, there are more than 20 kinds of birds living around the river. It becomes a home for birds again. People can enjoy a day outdoors with the beauty of nature along the river. Wu and other villagers are happy to see the river looking good again. The Hutuo River’s story shows that when people work together to take care of nature, good things can happen. 1．What was Wu Wenzhong’s favourite activity when he was a child? A．Boating. B．Swimming. C．Planting trees. D．Catching fish. 2．Which question can help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．How does the river look? B．When do people green the riverside? C．Why is the river important? D．What do the government do for the river? 3．What do we know about today’s Hutuo River? A．Many birds live around it. B．Factories get water from it. C．Over 20 kinds of fish live in it. D．Villagers make boats near it. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了河北省省会石家庄的母亲河——滹沱河的变迁。大约20年前，滹沱河污浊，几乎干涸。但是，由于政府的努力，滹沱河变得更加清洁。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“My friends and I often played with water, swam and caught fish in it when I was a child. I liked catching fish best”可知，吴文忠小时候最喜欢的活动是捕鱼。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。第三段主要描述了政府为了修复滹沱河所做的一系列工作，如清理河流，建造防洪堤，绿化河边，设置防护栏和“禁止游泳”的标志，阻止工厂将废水排入河中，监视河流保持清洁，以及制定长期计划保持河流良好状态等。所以，问题“政府为河流做了什么？”可以帮助读者了解第三段的主要内容。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Now, there are more than 20 kinds of birds living around the river. It becomes a home for birds again.”可知，现在有许多鸟类生活在滹沱河周围。故选A。 【热点话题练习】 Students pass their schoolwork through different hands, from their group leaders to the class representative (课代表), and finally to the teacher. It might not sound too difficult, but sometimes it can go wrong and take a lot of time. To deal with this problem, Zhang Xirui, a student in Guangdong, came up with a useful tool—a smart homework collection robot. This won him first prize in the 20th Guangdong Provincial Teenagers and Children’s Invention Awards. The robot uses radio frequency identification (RFID，无线射频识别) technology, a reader and a special tag (标签) that can share information without touching each other. This way, it can help find and know what it is looking for. Each student’s notebook has a special RFID tag with his or her name and the subject. And each student only needs to place the notebook on the robot, and the machine “sees” the notebook, reads its tag and takes the name out of the name list. “Teachers can check who hasn’t turned in homework by connecting their phones with the robot through Wi-Fi,” the student explained to a reporter. ▲ Now, he’s planning to develop a third-generation and hopes to use ultra-high-frequency (超高频) radio technology to read lots of RFID tags far away. That means if you stick a special tag on your notebook, the robot can read the information from a thick stack (一堆) of notebooks at once. Zhang believes this is the key to how artificial intelligence can make life easier for us. Zhang dreams of becoming a scientist when he grows up. “I have tried making model airplanes and other scientific and creative projects. Inventing has brought me joy and happiness,” he said. 1．What technology does Zhang Xirui’s smart homework collection robot use? A．Artificial intelligence only. B．Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. C．Ultra-high-frequency radio technology. D．Wi-Fi connection technology only. 2．How can teachers check who hasn’t turned in homework with the robot? A．By checking the robot’s screen directly. B．By connecting their phones with the robot through Wi-Fi. C．By asking the class representative for the list. D．By reading the RFID tags one by one manually. 3．Which sentence can be put in “ ▲ ” in paragraph 4? A．The robot is difficult to develop. B．The robot is the second-generation model made by Zhang. C．The robot can make life easier for us. D．The robot has developed well so far. 4．What does the underlined phrase “turned in” most probably mean in the passage? A．Found out. B．Handed in. C．Thrown away. D．Taken away. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How RFID technology is used in daily life. B．Zhang Xirui’s dream of becoming a scientist. C．A student invents a smart homework collection robot to solve a school problem. D．The 20th Guangdong Provincial Teenagers and Children’s Invention Awards. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了广东学生张熙瑞发明智能作业收集机器人，解决传统作业收交流程效率低下的问题，并因此获奖的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“The robot uses radio frequency identification (RFID，天线射频识别) technology...”可知，该机器人使用RFID技术。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Teachers can check who hasn’t turned in homework by connecting their phones with the robot through Wi-Fi”可知，老师通过Wi-Fi连接手机和机器人来检查未交作业的学生。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Now, he’s planning to develop a third-generation and hopes to use ultra-high-frequency (超高频) radio technology to read lots of RFID tags far away.”可知，现在他正计划开发第三代，由此可推知空处句子应介绍目前这个机器人是第几代；选项B“这个机器人是张同学制作的第二代模型。”符合语境。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据“Teachers can check who hasn’t turned in homework by connecting their phones with the robot through Wi-Fi可知，老师通过Wi-Fi将手机与机器人连接，来检查谁没有交作业，“turned in”在此处意为“上交”，与“Handed in”含义一致。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“To deal with this problem, Zhang Xirui, a student in Guangdong, came up with a useful tool—a smart homework collection robot.”及结合全文内容可知，本文围绕“学生张熙瑞发明智能收作业机器人”这一核心事件展开，从发明背景、工作原理到后续规划均围绕该机器人介绍，选项C符合文意。故选C。 The Palace Museum is becoming better. The Zero Waste Palace Museum project, which was launched (发起) in 2020, aims to achieve the goal of “reducing waste to close to zero”. In 2021, a bull-shaped sculpture (雕像) called Funiucijiu was on show in the area of Cining Palace. 92% of the materials for the sculpture came from the recycled waste in the Palace Museum, a total of 0.32 tons. After a series of processing, the waste had been changed from waste to beauty. The museum also recycled about 60,322 plastic bottles to make cultural and creative products (文创产品) between June 2021 and January 2024, reducing carbon emissions (碳排放). In the last few years, the number of dustbins in areas open to the public has reduced to 110 sets. The Zero Waste Palace Museum project will be further introduced to more people. So far, about 3,000 museum workers, 40,000 tourist guides, and 21 million visitors have taken part in the project. In this way, they can not only learn historical knowledge, but also get into the habits of creating less waste. The Palace Museum is on the road to becoming a greener museum in the world. 1．What is the aim of the Zero Waste Palace Museum project? A．To build more sculptures in the Palace Museum. B．To reduce waste to close to zero. C．To increase the number of dustbins in the Palace Museum. D．To attract more visitors to the Palace Museum. 2．What were the plastic bottles recycled to make? A．Bull-shaped sculptures. B．Dustbins. C．Cultural and creative products. D．Tourist guides’ tools. 3．Who has taken part in the project up to now? A．Only museum workers and tourists. B．3,000 museum workers, 40,000 tourist guides and 21 million visitors. C．Only 21 million visitors and tourist guides. D．3,000 museum workers and 40,000 tourists. 4．What can we learn about the “Funiucijiu” sculpture from the passage? A．It was made totally of new materials. B．It was the first recycled art piece in the Palace Museum. C．It showed how waste can be turned into art. D．It was displayed outside the Cining Palace area. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了故宫博物院发起的“零废弃故宫”项目及其取得的成果。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Zero Waste Palace Museum project, which was launched (发起) in 2020, aims to achieve the goal of ‘reducing waste to close to zero’.”可知，“零废弃故宫”项目的目标是“将废物减少到接近零”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The museum also recycled about 60,322 plastic bottles to make cultural and creative products (文创产品) between June 2021 and January 2024”可知，塑料瓶被回收用于制作文化创意产品。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“So far, about 3,000 museum workers, 40,000 tourist guides, and 21 million visitors have taken part in the project.”可知，到目前为止，约有3000名博物馆工作人员、4万名导游和2100万名游客参与了该项目。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“In 2021, a bull-shaped sculpture (雕像) called Funiucijiu was on show in the area of Cining Palace. 92% of the materials for the sculpture came from the recycled waste in the Palace Museum, a total of 0.32 tons. After a series of processing, the waste had been changed from waste to beauty.”可知，“福牛辞旧”雕塑展示了废物如何变成艺术品。故选C。 Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink (墨水) on paper. But blind people cannot see, so how can they read books? The man who introduced a way of reading to blind people was Louis Braille. Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three. When he was ten, he went to study in a school for the blind in Paris. In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire (金属丝) to form letters. Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it. In 1821, a soldier (士兵) visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night. His system used paper with small, raised dots (凸起的点) that could be felt with the fingers. People used fingers over the raised dots to read messages. While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to use. However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it. At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots symbolizing each letter. “Braille”, the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was born. The blind can easily identify Braille with their fingers and get the meaning quickly. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter. Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version (版本) of Braille for its people to use. 1．Why does the writer ask the question at the end of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a great book. B．To show the blind’s problems. C．To catch readers’ interests. D．To do a survey. 2．What happened to Louis Braille at the age of 10? A．He lost his eyesight. B．He went to Paris for study. C．He met a great soldier. D．He created Braille. 3．How could the system the soldier showed pass messages? A．By feeling the metal wires on the paper. B．By feeling the small raised dots on the paper. C．By writing with a special typewriter. D．By using the heavy books. 4．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in the text? A．Know. B．Add. C．Control. D．Forget. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Development of Letters B．Great Books for the Blind C．The Importance of Reading D．The Invention of Braille 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了盲人阅读面临的困难，以及路易斯·布莱叶发明盲文的过程，盲文如今成为盲人阅读和写作最常用的系统，展现了盲文对盲人的重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据“Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink (墨水) on paper. But blind people cannot see, so how can they read books?”可知，作者在第一段结尾提出问题“但是盲人看不见，他们怎么读书呢”，是为了引起读者兴趣，引出后文关于盲人阅读方式的介绍。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“When he was ten, he went to study in a school for the blind in Paris.”可知，路易斯·布莱叶十岁时去巴黎的一所盲人学校学习。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“His system used paper with small, raised dots (凸起的点) that could be felt with the fingers. People used fingers over the raised dots to read messages.”可知，士兵展示的系统是通过触摸纸上的小凸点来传递信息的。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据“The blind can easily identify Braille with their fingers and get the meaning quickly.”可知，盲人可以很容易地用手指“识别”盲文，并迅速理解其含义，所以“identify”的意思是“识别，辨认”，与“Know”意思相近。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了盲人阅读面临的困难，以及路易斯·布莱叶发明盲文的过程，盲文如今成为盲人阅读和写作最常用的系统，所以最佳标题是“The Invention of Braille (盲文的发明 )”。故选D。 Bad days happen to many of us. Something makes us sad, angry, frustrated or disappointed. But you still have to get up and go to work. Everything others say to you sounds stupid. Everyone seems to annoy (使烦恼) you. Luckily, you can do something about it. Here are some ways to turn around a bad day. ▲ It is not that hard. If you’re mad, be mad. If you’re sad, be sad. This does not give you license to be rude and unpleasant to others. It just means that you need to recognize and accept your bad mood to be able to do something. Tell others. You can try to keep your bad mood a secret and put on your happy mask (面具). But you’re fooling nobody. So the best thing to do is to tell the people you work closely with. For example, you can just tell them, “Listen, I’m in a really bad mood today. I’m not sure why, but it has nothing to do with you. If I make you angry, I apologize (道歉) in advance.” Remember the good. Spend a few moments to try thinking of at least one or two things that aren’t all bad. This could be something you look forward to, a person you like at work, or a nice thing that happened recently. Take some quiet time. Take a walk in your lunch break. Sit and work somewhere quiet. Take a long bathroom break. Consider going home early or taking the day off. 1．Which of the following sentences can be put in “ ▲ ”? A．Say no to the bad mood. B．Accept your bad mood. C．Write the bad mood down. D．Stay away from rude people. 2．What is the best thing to do if you are in a bad mood according to Paragraph 3? A．Tell the people you work closely with about it. B．Tell others that you are all OK. C．Stop working and take a walk outside. D．Have some delicious food at lunch time. 3．What is the structure of the text? (P₁= Paragraph 1…) A． B． C． D． 4．What is the writer trying to do in the text? A．Tell us where the bad mood comes from. B．Give us some suggestions on dealing with a bad mood. C．Explain how the bad mood is harmful to us. D．Encourage us to communicate with others more. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，针对人们常遇到的坏情绪，提出了四条实用建议：接纳情绪、坦诚告知他人、回忆美好事物、独处静心，旨在帮助读者有效调整心态、改善心情。 1．推理判断题。根据后文“It just means that you need to recognize and accept your bad mood to be able to do something.”可知，该段核心是要接受坏情绪，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“So the best thing to do is to tell the people you work closely with.”可知，心情不好时最好的做法是告诉密切共事的人，故选A。 3．篇章结构题。结合全文可知，P1总述坏心情时有发生并引出应对方法；P2-P5分别介绍接纳坏心情、告知他人、回忆美好、独处静思四种具体方法，整体为“总—分”结构。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕“Here are some ways to turn around a bad day.”，给出多个应对坏情绪的方法”可知，作者旨在提供处理坏情绪的建议，故选B。 There are many interesting places in the world. Taos is one of them. But do you know what it is famous for? Taos is a small town in New Mexico, the US. Many people come here for a visit every year. They do not come to see the beautiful scenes (景色) or eat delicious food. They come to listen to a kind of sound: the Taos Hum. The word “hum” means a low sound that never stops. It sounds really strange. Firstly, the Taos Hum that people hear is quite different. Some say it sounds like a little bee flying around you. Others think it sounds like a car moving in a faraway place. Secondly, nobody knows where the sound comes from. Joe Mullins, a scientist from the University of New Mexico, is one of the first people to do research on the hum. He put some instruments in places where people could hear the hum, but those instruments couldn’t “hear” any hum! Others who wanted to find the hum failed, too. Many people try to explain that strange sound. Someone says it is a kind of noise made by insects. Someone believes it must come from some secret projects. Someone says there is an underground UFO base! But no one is sure which is right. It might be interesting for visitors to listen to the hum, but it is not for people who live in the town. They have to hear the sound all the time. That is really a hard life. 1．Why do many people come to Taos for a visit every year? A．To enjoy the beautiful scenes. B．To eat the delicious food. C．To listen to the Taos Hum. D．To do some research. 2．Which question can best help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Why is the sound so strange? B．When can people hear the strange sound? C．What’s the secret behind the sound? D．How does the sound influence people? 3．What do we know about the sound? A．Only a few people can hear the sound. B．Most people believe the sound comes from insects. C．The sound never stops. D．Joe Mullins has got the sound by using instruments. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文介绍了美国新墨西哥州小镇陶斯的一种奇怪现象——“陶斯低鸣”，这种持续不断的低频声音吸引了大量游客，但其来源至今不明，也给当地居民带来了困扰。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“They come to listen to a kind of sound: the Taos Hum.”可知，许多人来陶斯是为了听“陶斯低鸣”。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。第二段主要描述了陶斯低鸣的奇怪之处：声音因人而异、来源不明、仪器无法捕捉。因此“为什么这个声音如此奇怪？”最能概括本段主旨。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“a low sound that never stops”和最后一段“They have to hear the sound all the time.”可知，这种声音从不停止。故选C。 ①You may wonder how you can find beauty in the place you’ve known so well. People usually think that only by going to places far away can they feel that. In fact, what you need to do is to explore (探索) with fresh eyes. ②Imagining yourself as a guide is a good way. Where will you suggest visitors go if they come to Changchun? You can find some good places by answering it. A good option is a museum of cars, where you can learn about the history of the car industry, and know the development of different brands of cars. ③To find changes in your city, you can look up some information online. You may find Beijing West Street, which is a new cultural landmark in Changchun. It has become a hot topic. It used to be a common street. The buildings there have been rebuilt. Many drama festivals, street art shows and fairs of cultural products are held. The minute you arrive, you will be shocked by a rush of fresh energy in the busy air. ④Going somewhere in person and watching, you will get something unexpected. When you visit Jingyue National Forest Park, nature seems the only thing to enjoy. But surprisingly, you’ll also find so many people doing different outdoor activities, like walking, riding and camping. The beautiful scenes of humans and nature will be printed in your mind, inspiring you to try something fantastic in no time. ⑤Exploring your city in a different light, you can know more about its history, culture and development. You will fall in love with where you live hundreds of times with a pair of admiring eyes. 1．How can people feel beauty in a place they’ve known well? A．By driving a car. B．By imagining the future. C．By drawing pictures. D．By learning about it with fresh eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “option” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．rule B．business C．choice D．sign 3．What is Beijing West Street like now? A．It is a common street. B．It is full of fresh energy. C．It has many new buildings. D．It is very hot and busy there. 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage?(①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2, ...) A． B． C． D． 5．What is probably the best title (标题) for this passage? A．Finding Beauty Around B．Walking in Changes C．Going Deep into Nature D．Turning Old Street New 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了如何用全新的视角探索熟悉的城市。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In fact, what you need to do is to explore with fresh eyes.”可知，人们可以用全新的视角去探索，从而在熟悉的地方感受到美，故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“A good option is a museum of cars, where you can learn about the history of the car industry…”可知，此处是给出一个参观的好选择，“option”意为“选择”，与“choice”意思相近，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The minute you arrive, you will be shocked by a rush of fresh energy in the busy air.”可知，现在的北京西街充满了新鲜的活力，故选B。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段总述要用全新的视角探索城市发现美；第二、三、四段分别举例说明探索的方式；第五段总结探索城市的意义。因此结构为①总—②③④分—⑤总，对应选项 C，故选C。 5．主旨大意题。文章围绕“在熟悉的地方发现美”展开，介绍了用全新视角探索城市的方法和意义，“Finding Beauty Around”最能概括文章主旨，故选A。 Have you thought about a question—why do the elders give you lucky money every year? Do you know something about it? And how does it come into being? Let’s take a look together. Long ago, there was a legend (传说). Every New Year’s Eve, a little monster called “Sui” would come out while people were sleeping. It would touch the children’s foreheads, making them sick. There was a couple with a son. To protect him, they wrapped eight copper coins (铜钱) in red paper and put them under the child’s pillow (枕头) on New Year’s Eve. In the middle of the night. “Sui” appeared, but as it got close to the child, the copper coins shone brightly and scared it away. It turned out that the eight copper coins were transformed (转化) by the Eight Gods, who were protecting the child in secret. Later, people started doing the same thing, putting the red-wrapped copper coins under children’s pillows to keep them safe through the new year. Because “Sui” and “Sui (year)” sound the same, the “Sui-repelling money” became “Lucky Money,” symbolizing the protection of children from evil and wishing them a safe and healthy year. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, real money was used as Lucky Money, wrapped in red paper and placed under children’s pillows. Today. Lucky Money is not only a blessing from elders to younger ones but also a special New Year gift for children. The tradition of Lucky Money carries the love and blessings of elders for the younger generation, wishing them health and happiness in the new year. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking questions. B．By telling a story. C．By showing some sayings. D．By showing surveys. 2．What happened when “Sui” got close to the child? A．The copper coins shone and scared “Sui” away. B．The child on the pillow woke up at once. C．Eight Gods appeared. D．The child’s forehead shone brightly. 3．What does the underlined word “evil” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Something bad. B．Something useful. C．Something loud. D．Something in black. 4．When was real money used as Lucky Money? A．Before the Ming Dynasty. B．In the Ming and Qing Dynasties. C．After the legend was widely known. D．When Sui-repelling money became Lucky Money. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Lucky Money B．The Best Time to Give Lucky Money C．The Future of Lucky Money D．The Legend and History of Lucky Money 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了压岁钱的起源传说与发展历史。 1．细节理解题。根据“Have you thought about a question—why do the elders give you lucky money every year? Do you know something about it? And how does it come into being?”可知，作者是通过提出问题来开启文章的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“as it got close to the child, the copper coins shone brightly and scared it away”可知，当“祟”靠近孩子时，铜钱发光并把它吓跑了。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“symbolizing the protection of children from evil and wishing them a safe and healthy year”可知，压岁钱象征着保护孩子免受不好的事物伤害，“evil”在此处意为“坏的事物”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, real money was used as Lucky Money”可知，在明清时期，真正的钱币开始被用作压岁钱。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。全文既讲述了压岁钱的起源传说，也介绍了它的发展历史，因此“The Legend and History of Lucky Money” 最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 If you go to a party, this article will help you a lot. It will teach you some useful ways and help you spend a happy party time with your friends. Wait for your turn while you’re having dinner. It is traditional to serve the oldest women first at the table, and then the other women in the age order. Lastly, it’s for the men. Never start eating until the hostess begins to eat. Or you may make others unhappy or angry. While you’re eating, put the knife and fork on either side of the plate. After finishing eating, place them side by side in the centre of the plate. Try your food. If you dislike the dish, it is polite to at least try eating a little. That shows your respect. This will make the host want to invite you again next time. It’s normal to leave some food on one side of your plate if you feel full. On the other hand, don’t try to leave your plate so clean that it looks like you haven’t eaten for days! Make polite talks with those guests around you. That’s because dinner parties are not just about the food, and you can look for something common to talk with them. If you can answer others’ questions, they will think you are understanding. If you don’t want to talk, you can be just careful to look at others’ eyes while listening. They can see your heart. Remember to thank the host and hostess before leaving. You can say you like the dinner or enjoy this happy service. Then they will also thank you for loving this party. As a result, they will believe you have a good time. 1．Who should be served first while you’re having dinner? A．Tony, who is 25. B．Mrs. Green, who is 87. C．Mrs. Smith, who is 75. D．Mr. Green, who is 60. 2．Which of the following pictures shows the right position of the knife and fork after finishing eating? A． B． C． D． 3．What is the polite way to do it if you don’t like the dish? A．Try eating a little. B．Tell the host and hostess directly. C．Just talk with those guests around you. D．Never put it on your plate. 4．Which of the following may the writer agree with? A．You should try to leave your plate very clean after finishing eating. B．You should not look at others’ eyes while listening to them. C．You should say thanks to the host and hostess before leaving. D．You should try to make some friends at the dinner party. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了参加派对时的用餐礼仪、交流礼仪等实用建议，帮助人们在派对中愉快地与朋友相处。 1．细节理解题。根据“It is traditional to serve the oldest women first at the table”可知，餐桌上要先招待年纪最大的女性，选项中Mrs. Green（87 岁）是年纪最大的女性。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“After finishing eating, place them side by side in the centre of the plate.”可知，用餐结束后，刀叉要并排放在盘子中央，C项符合。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“If you dislike the dish, it is polite to at least try eating a little.”可知，不喜欢某道菜时，礼貌的做法是至少尝一点。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Remember to thank the host and hostess before leaving.”可知，作者认为离开前应该向主人和女主人道谢。故选C。 Plants might look like they are doing nothing, but in fact they are very busy. And what they’re doing is very “smart”. In the 1980s, two scientists in the US found that plants can “talk” to each other. They planted several tree seedlings in separate pots and put them all inside a clear, sealed box. When they cut leaves on one of the young trees, it produced a chemical (化合物) to try to protect itself. Then, about 36 hours later, the other seedlings made the same chemical. This showed that the hurt tree had sent a signal through the air to the others. What’s more, plants can even learn. A 2014 Australian study used the mimosa (含羞草). The scientists put many pots of this plant on special racks (架子). They then dropped each plant 15 centimeters down on its rack and repeated this 60 times. At first, the plants curled (卷曲) their leaves, but they soon stopped. They had learned that the drop wouldn’t hurt them. Plants don’t have brains, so how do they learn? Well, plants have a system of tubes that moves water and nutrients within them. When plants are affected by their environment, they produce certain chemicals. These chemicals move through the tubes to send important messages. This helps the plants change their reactions (反应) to the environment. 1．How did the hurt tree in the 1980s study send a signal? A．Through the soil. B．Through the water. C．Through the air. D．Through the sunshine. 2．Why does the writer use the example “the mimosa”? A．To show that plants can learn. B．To talk about how hard scientists’ lives are. C．To encourage us to do more experiments. D．To find out the reason why the mimosa can cry. 3．What does the underlined word “These” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Tubes in plants. B．Water and nutrients. C．Certain chemicals produced by plants. D．Messages sent through tubes. 4．Which of the following will the writer probably agree with? A．Plants can talk to each other. B．Plants can’t change all the time. C．Humans can hear plants’ words. D．Plants can’t produce chemicals. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了植物的“智能”行为，包括植物之间通过空气传递信号进行“交流”以及植物能够学习适应环境的能力。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“In the 1980s, two scientists in the US found…This showed that the hurt tree had sent a signal through the air to the others.”可知，受伤的树木通过空气向其他树木发送了信号。因此，信号是通过空气传递的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“What’s more, plants can even learn. A 2014 Australian study used the mimosa (含羞草).”可知，通过含羞草实验说明植物能学习。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第4段“When plants are affected by their environment, they produce certain chemicals. These chemicals move through the tubes…”可知，当植物受到环境影响时，它们会产生某些化学物质，这些化学物质通过管道移动。因此，“These”指代的是植物产生的某些化学物质。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第2段“In the 1980s, two scientists in the US found that plants can ‘talk’ to each other…This showed that the hurt tree had sent a signal through the air to the others.”以及全文内容可推断，作者同意植物能够相互“交流”的观点。故选A。 Dr. Johnson was a great inventor. He loved making robots of all kinds, and he was good at it. His robots could help people do many things like cooking food, cleaning the house, playing musical instruments, and even writing poems! A short while ago, Dr. Johnson made a robot named Bobby. Bobby was different from other robots because he liked to explore new things. Bobby always asked Dr. Johnson questions like “What’s this?” and “How does that work?” Then, Dr. Johnson decided to teach Bobby to learn things by himself. He wanted Bobby to be able to explore the world, just like a human child. When Bobby was 8 months old, Dr. Johnson took him to the zoo to learn about animals. Bobby watched elephants, lions, monkeys, and pandas. He was amazed by how different they looked. In fact, Bobby was interested in exploring planets and space. So he took a tour of the solar system with the help of a computer program. One day, Dr. Johnson got very sick, so Bobby put him to bed and took over his work. He even got a robot assistant to help him take care of Dr. Johnson. Bobby was really a clever and useful robot. 1．What did Dr. Johnson do? A．A teacher. B．An inventor. C．A farmer. D．An engineer. 2．How old was Bobby when Dr. Johnson took him to the zoo? A．Six months old. B．Seven months old. C．Eight months old. D．Nine months old. 3．What was Bobby interested in exploring? A．Planets and space. B．Art and history. C．Animals and plants. D．Human and society. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了发明家约翰逊博士创造了一个与众不同的机器人Bobby，Bobby充满好奇心，能自主学习并探索世界，甚至在博士生病时照顾他。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Dr. Johnson was a great inventor.”可知，约翰逊博士是一位伟大的发明家。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When Bobby was 8 months old, Dr. Johnson took him to the zoo to learn about animals.”可知，当Bobby 8个月大的时候，约翰逊博士带他去动物园了解动物。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In fact, Bobby was interested in exploring planets and space.”可知，Bobby对探索行星和太空感兴趣。故选A。 People know animals have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs (青蛙) and pandas. A new study adds chickens to the list. It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds as if (好像) to tell other chickens about the food. When there was no food, the chickens made low and long noises to tell their disappointment (失望). The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves (声波). Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. 69% of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, though some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this discovery can bring about new technology to assist with chicken-raising, which is a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 1．According to paragraph 1, what do scientists study in their research? A．Good ways to raise animals. B．The feelings of different animals. C．Advantages of talking with animals. D．The relationship between animals and humans. 2．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken?(t: time; s: sound) A． B． C． D． 3．What did the volunteers do in the research? A．They fed the chickens and took care of them. B．They helped to record the sounds of chickens. C．They listened to the chicken calls to tell their feelings. D．They worked with researchers to make the chickens happy. 4．What do the underlined words “assist with” mean in paragraph 4? A．Help with. B．Bring down. C．Fall behind. D．Agree on. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Chickens’ Food calls B．Happy chickens, Sad chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项关于动物情感的科学研究，该研究发现人类能够通过鸡的叫声来判断它们的情绪是开心还是失望，这一发现未来可能助力养鸡产业的发展。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. A new study adds chickens to the list.”可知，科学家的研究内容是不同动物的情感。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds”可知，开心的鸡叫声特点是快速且响亮，对应声波图中波形频率高、振幅大的选项。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. 69% of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not”可知，志愿者的任务是听鸡的叫声并判断它们的情绪。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“this discovery can bring about new technology to assist with chicken-raising, which is a big industry in many countries.”以及后文中“Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier.”可知，这项能识别鸡情绪的技术，目的是为养鸡产业提供实际帮助，比如让鸡更健康、更快乐，从而提升养殖效率。因此“assist with”在这里的含义是“帮助、协助”，与选项A完全吻合。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章围绕“人类能通过叫声判断鸡的情绪”这一研究展开，选项B“快乐的鸡，悲伤的鸡”直接点明了文章的核心对象(鸡)和核心内容(情绪差异)，既概括了研究主题，又生动贴合全文的讨论重点。故选B。 Do you sometimes need time alone but find your parents are always around? If so, does that make you unhappy or even lead to arguments? When you are young, you mostly follow your parents’ plans. As you grow, you hope to have more private space and time. But your parents think you are too young to be alone. So, it’s difficult for teenagers to have private space and time. Then what can you do? Here is some advice. Talk to your parents clearly and kindly. It’s important to tell your parents what you think and feel. Don’t get mad. Just tell your parents why you need some time alone. At the same time, show them that you’re ready. Try to finish homework on time and help out around the house. These will show them you are responsible, and they will probably give you more space. If they need time to consider, just be patient. It’s not easy to get your parents to leave you alone, but it’s possible. There are always ways to get your own time and space. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking questions. B．By telling stories. C．By drawing a map. D．By listing numbers. 2．What do teenagers hope to do according to paragraph 2? A．Grow up faster day by day. B．Have their own time and space. C．Make a big difference to the world. D．Achieve their dreams by themselves. 3．What can teenagers do to show they are responsible? A．Talk clearly and kindly. B．Tell parents how they feel. C．Help out around the house. D．Ask for more time alone. 4．Which might the writer agree with? A．Parents wish their children to be alone early. B．Parents shouldn’t let children make choices. C．Teenagers can always depend on their parents. D．Teenagers should be patient with their parents while communicating. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了青少年难以拥有私人空间和时间的原因，并给出了如何获得父母理解、争取私人空间的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据原文开头“Do you sometimes need time alone but find your parents are always around? If so, does that make you unhappy or even lead to arguments?”可知，作者通过提出两个问题开始全文。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“As you grow, you hope to have more private space and time.”可知，青少年希望拥有自己的时间和空间。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Try to finish homework on time and help out around the house. These will show them you are responsible”可知，帮忙做家务能体现青少年有责任感。故选C。 4．观点态度题。根据原文第三段“If they need time to consider, just be patient.”可知，作者认为青少年与父母沟通时应保持耐心。故选D。 Chinese New Year Painting, or nianhua in Chinese, is a kind of traditional painting to be put up on walls and windows during the Spring Festival. Its bright colors and different patterns show the Chinese great expectation for happiness and wealth. Chinese New Year Painting is an old handicraft (手工艺品). Its original (最初的) patterns were a picture of a door god. Later, more patterns such as the kitchen god, women and babies were included. As the Chinese New Year arrives, every family puts up its New Year paintings in order to say goodbye to the past and welcome the future. One of the most famous woodblock New Year paintings comes from Yangjiabu, Shandong Province. They reflect people’s everyday life. As time went by, people found New Year paintings old-fashioned. Besides, they considered the door god too scary to hang in their homes. They wanted something more artistic. So in the middle of the 1980s, the sales of New Year paintings dropped greatly. Usually, colorful woodblock New Year paintings are produced in four steps. Firstly, artists draw a simple sketch(素描) on the paper. Secondly, they make the simple sketch on the wood board and print a few samples (样品). Thirdly, they add color to the sample. Lastly, when the preparation is finished, the printers paint color on the color board, and then put paper on the wood board and brush the paper. Then the colorful woodblock New Year paintings are ready. There are four main themes (主题) in the Chinese New Year paintings... 1．Which is the first pattern of Chinese New Year Painting? A．A picture of babies. B．A picture of a door god. C．A picture of women. D．A picture of the kitchen god. 2．Why did fewer and fewer people buy Chinese New Year paintings in the middle of the 1980s? A．People wanted something more artistic. B．People found New Year paintings unimportant. C．People thought the door god couldn’t bring good luck. D．People found it hard to produce New Year paintings. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How artists add color to the sample. B．What woodblock New Year paintings reflect. C．How artists produce colorful woodblock New Year paintings. D．Who makes the simple sketch on the wood board and the paper. 4．In which part of a magazine can you read this text? A．Culture. B．Nature. C．Education. D．Health. 5．What will the writer probably write next? A．The history of Chinese New Year Painting. B．The development of Chinese New Year Painting. C．The process of creating Chinese New Year Painting. D．The introduction to main themes of Chinese New Year Painting. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国年画的起源、发展、制作工艺，并提到年画有四大主题。 1．细节理解题。根据文章“Its original patterns were a picture of a door god.”可知，中国年画最初的图案是门神。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“In the middle of the 1980s, the sales of New Year paintings dropped greatly. As time went by, people found New Year paintings old-fashioned. Besides, they considered the door god too scary to hang in their homes. They wanted something more artistic.”可知，人们想要更具艺术性的东西，所以年画销量下降。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章“Usually, colorful woodblock New Year paintings are produced in four steps...”可知，第4段主要讲述了彩色木版年画的制作过程。故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章介绍的中国年画是传统文化的一部分，因此最可能出现在杂志的文化板块。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“There are four main themes in the Chinese New Year paintings.”可知，接下来作者很可能介绍中国年画的主要主题。故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $