Unit 5 单词讲解表 2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册

冀教英语八下Unit5单词讲解表 单词 核心搭配 重点考点 经典例句 invention / n ven n/ n. 发明;创造 great invention 伟大的发明;invention of... ……的发明 1. 场景关联:常用于“科技/历史”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“invention of”表“某事物的发明” 1. The smartphone is a great invention of the 21st century.(智能手机是21世纪的伟大发明。) 2. We learned about the invention of the light bulb in class.(我们在课上学了电灯泡的发明。) greatly / re tli/ adv. 大大地;非常;很 greatly improve 大大提升;greatly influence 极大影响 1. 用法提示:修饰动词,表“程度很深”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“变化/影响”话题 1. His English has greatly improved this term.(他的英语这学期大大提升了。) 2. The new policy has greatly influenced people's lives.(新政策极大地影响了人们的生活。) telephone / tel f n/ n. 电话;电话机 make a telephone call 打电话;mobile telephone 移动电话 1. 固定搭配:“make a telephone call”是通讯场景高频短语; 2. 场景关联:常用于“通讯/科技”话题 1. I need to make a telephone call to my mom.(我得给妈妈打个电话。) 2. The first telephone was invented by Bell.(第一部电话是贝尔发明的。) easily / i z li/ adv. 容易地;无疑地 easily do sth. 轻易做某事;easily the best 无疑是最好的 1. 用法提示:修饰动词/形容词,表“难易程度”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“能力/评价”话题 1. He can easily solve this math problem.(他能轻易解出这道数学题。) 2. This book is easily the most interesting one I've read.(这本书无疑是我读过的最有趣的一本。) bulb /b lb/ n. 电灯泡 light bulb 电灯泡;bulb light 灯泡光 1. 固定搭配:“light bulb”是日常核心词汇; 2. 场景关联:常用于“物品/科技”话题 1. The light bulb in the room is broken—we need to change it.(房间里的灯泡坏了,得换掉它。) 2. Edison invented the practical light bulb.(爱迪生发明了实用的电灯泡。) machine /m i n/ n. 机器;机械装置 washing machine 洗衣机;machine tool 机床 1. 搭配提示:常和具体功能词搭配表“某类机器”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“工具/科技”话题 1. We bought a new washing machine last week.(我们上周买了台新洗衣机。) 2. This machine can help us finish the work quickly.(这台机器能帮我们快速完成工作。) powered / pa d/ adj. 由……驱动的 electric-powered 电动的;solar-powered 太阳能驱动的 1. 构词记忆:“powered”前加能源词表“由某能源驱动的”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“科技/交通”话题 1. Many cars now are electric-powered.(现在很多汽车是电动的。) 2. The watch is solar-powered, so it doesn't need batteries.(这块表是太阳能驱动的,不需要电池。) knowledge / n l d / n. 知识;信息 gain knowledge 获取知识;knowledge about... 关于……的知识 1. 常考搭配:“gain knowledge”是学习场景高频短语; 2. 用法提示:“knowledge”是不可数名词 1. We can gain knowledge from books and experience.(我们可以从书本和经验中获取知识。) 2. She has a lot of knowledge about Chinese history.(她有很多关于中国历史的知识。) entertainment / ent te nm nt/ n. 娱乐 form of entertainment 娱乐形式;provide entertainment 提供娱乐 1. 场景关联:常用于“生活/文化”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“form of entertainment”表“娱乐方式” 1. Watching movies is a popular form of entertainment.(看电影是受欢迎的娱乐形式。) 2. The park provides entertainment for kids.(这个公园为孩子们提供娱乐项目。) absolutely / bs lu tli/ adv. 当然;完全地 absolutely right 完全正确;absolutely not 当然不 1. 日常口语:用于加强语气,表“肯定/否定”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“对话/评价”话题 1. —Is this your book? —Absolutely!(—这是你的书吗?—当然是!) 2. His answer is absolutely right.(他的答案完全正确。) invent / n vent/ v. 发明;创造;虚构 invent a new product 发明新产品;invent a story 虚构故事 1. 一词多义:可表“发明实物”或“虚构内容”; 2. 词性拓展:名词形式为“invention(发明)” 1. He wants to invent a product that helps the elderly.(他想发明一款帮助老人的产品。) 2. Don't invent stories to lie to your parents.(别编故事骗父母。) period / p ri d/ n. 时期;阶段 a period of time 一段时间;historical period 历史时期 1. 常考搭配:“a period of time”表“某段时间”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“历史/生活”话题 1. We lived in Beijing for a period of five years.(我们在北京住了五年时间。) 2. The Tang Dynasty is a famous historical period in China.(唐朝是中国著名的历史时期。) fascinating / f s ne t / adj. 极有吸引力的 fascinating story 吸引人的故事;fascinating place 迷人的地方 1. 场景关联:常用于“描述事物/地点”话题; 2. 同义提示:近义词是“interesting(有趣的)” 1. She told us a fascinating story about her trip.(她给我们讲了一个关于旅行的迷人故事。) 2. The museum has many fascinating exhibits.(博物馆有很多吸引人的展品。) creativity / kri e t v ti/ n. 创造力;创造性 develop creativity 培养创造力;use creativity 发挥创造力 1. 场景关联:常用于“学习/能力”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“develop creativity”是教育类高频短语 1. Drawing can help kids develop creativity.(画画能帮助孩子培养创造力。) 2. We need to use creativity to solve this problem.(我们需要发挥创造力解决这个问题。) wheel /wi l/ n. 轮子;车轮;方向盘 car wheel 汽车车轮;steering wheel 方向盘 1. 搭配提示:常和“car/steering”搭配表具体部件; 2. 场景关联:常用于“交通/工具”话题 1. The car has a flat wheel—we need to change it.(汽车轮胎瘪了,得换一个。) 2. He held the steering wheel and drove carefully.(他握着方向盘小心驾驶。) wagon / w n/ n. 四轮载重马车(或牛车);小推车 farm wagon 农用马车;shopping wagon 购物小推车 1. 场景关联:常用于“交通/生活”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“shopping wagon”即“购物车” 1. In the past, people used farm wagons to carry crops.(过去人们用农用马车运庄稼。) 2. She pushed a shopping wagon in the supermarket.(她在超市里推了辆购物车。) power / pa (r)/ n. 能力;权力;电力 v. 驱动;推动 electric power 电力;power a machine 驱动机器 1. 一词多义:八下重点是“电力”和“驱动”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“能源/科技”话题 1. We use electric power to light our homes.(我们用电照明家里。) 2. The engine powers the car to move forward.(发动机驱动汽车前进。) compass / k mp s/ n. 指南针;罗盘 magnetic compass 磁罗盘;use a compass 使用指南针 1. 场景关联:常用于“导航/工具”话题; 2. 历史提示:指南针是中国古代四大发明之一 1. Sailors use a compass to find directions at sea.(水手在海上用指南针辨方向。) 2. The compass was invented by the ancient Chinese.(指南针是古代中国人发明的。) canal /k n l/ n. 运河;灌溉渠 Panama Canal 巴拿马运河;irrigation canal 灌溉渠 1. 场景关联:常用于“地理/水利”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“Panama Canal”是著名地理名词 1. The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.(巴拿马运河连接大西洋和太平洋。) 2. Farmers use irrigation canals to water their crops.(农民用灌溉渠给庄稼浇水。) waterway / w t we / n. 水路;航道 navigable waterway 通航水路;use the waterway 使用水路 1. 场景关联:常用于“交通/地理”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“navigable”表“可通航的” 1. Ships travel along the navigable waterway.(船只沿着通航水路航行。) 2. The city is connected to others by waterways.(这座城市通过水路与其他城市相连。) speed /spi d/ n. 速度;速率 v. 加速;促进 at high speed 高速;speed up 加速 1. 常考短语:“at high speed”“speed up”是交通/动作类高频表达; 2. 动词变形:过去式/过去分词为“sped/sped” 1. The train is moving at high speed.(火车正在高速行驶。) 2. We need to speed up to finish the task on time.(我们得加速才能按时完成任务。) eco-friendly / i k frendli/ adj. 环保的 eco-friendly products 环保产品;eco-friendly lifestyle 环保生活方式 1. 构词记忆:由“eco(生态)+ friendly(友好的)”构成; 2. 场景关联:常用于“环保/生活”话题 1. More people choose to buy eco-friendly products now.(现在更多人选择买环保产品。) 2. We should live an eco-friendly lifestyle to protect the earth.(我们应该过环保的生活方式保护地球。) spaceship / spe s p/ n.(航天)飞船 manned spaceship 载人飞船;spaceship launch 飞船发射 1. 场景关联:常用于“科技/航天”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“manned spaceship”表“载人飞船” 1. China has successfully sent many manned spaceships into space.(中国已成功发射多艘载人飞船进入太空。) 2. We watched the spaceship launch on TV.(我们在电视上看了飞船发射。) widely / wa dli/ adv. 广泛地;普遍地 widely used 被广泛使用;widely known 广为人知 1. 用法提示:修饰动词/形容词,表“范围广”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“科技/文化”话题 1. Smartphones are widely used around the world.(智能手机在全球被广泛使用。) 2. The story is widely known in this area.(这个故事在当地广为人知。) tool /tu l/ n. 工具;方法 work tool 劳动工具;learning tool 学习工具 1. 搭配提示:常和“work/learning”搭配表工具用途; 2. 场景关联:常用于“工具/学习”话题 1. Workers need different work tools to do the job.(工人需要不同的劳动工具干活。) 2. Dictionaries are useful learning tools for students.(字典是学生有用的学习工具。) spell /spel/ v. 拼,拼写 spell a word 拼写单词;spell correctly 正确拼写 1. 场景关联:常用于“英语学习”话题; 2. 动词变形:过去式/过去分词为“spelt/spelt”(英式) 1. Can you spell this English word?(你能拼写这个英语单词吗?) 2. He spelled his name correctly in the form.(他在表格里正确拼写了自己的名字。) print /pr nt/ v. 印刷;打印;发表 print a book 印刷书籍;print a document 打印文档 1. 场景关联:常用于“出版/办公”话题; 2. 词性拓展:名词形式为“print(印刷品)” 1. The factory prints thousands of books every day.(这家工厂每天印刷数千本书。) 2. Please print this document and give it to the teacher.(请打印这份文档并交给老师。) dictionary / d k nri/ n. 词典;字典 English-Chinese dictionary 英汉词典;look up in the dictionary 查字典 1. 常考搭配:“look up in the dictionary”是英语学习核心短语; 2. 场景关联:常用于“学习”话题 1. I bought a new English-Chinese dictionary yesterday.(我昨天买了本新的英汉词典。) 2. When you meet new words, look them up in the dictionary.(遇到生词时,查字典。) simply / s mpli/ adv. 简单地;仅仅 simply say 简单地说;simply a child 仅仅是个孩子 1. 用法提示:表“方式简单”或“程度轻”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“描述/强调”话题 1. Simply say what you think—don't be shy.(简单说出你的想法,别害羞。) 2. He is simply a child—he doesn't know what he's doing.(他仅仅是个孩子,不知道自己在做什么。) AI / e a / abbr.(=artificial intelligence)人工智能 AI technology 人工智能技术;use AI 使用人工智能 1. 缩写说明:是“artificial intelligence”的缩写; 2. 场景关联:常用于“科技”话题 1. AI technology is changing our lives.(人工智能技术正在改变我们的生活。) 2. We can use AI to help us with our homework.(我们可以用人工智能帮我们做作业。) definition / def n n/ n. 释义;解释 definition of a word 单词的释义;give a definition 给出解释 1. 场景关联:常用于“学习/解释”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“definition of”表“某事物的释义” 1. Can you tell me the definition of this word?(你能告诉我这个单词的释义吗?) 2. The teacher asked him to give a definition of “creativity”.(老师让他解释“创造力”的含义。) application / pl ke n/ n.(=app)应用;应用程序;申请;请求 mobile application 手机应用;job application 工作申请 1. 一词多义:八下重点是“手机应用”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“科技/生活”话题 1. There are many useful mobile applications on my phone.(我手机上有很多实用的手机应用。) 2. He submitted a job application to the company.(他向这家公司提交了工作申请。) pour /p (r)/ v. 倒 pour water 倒水;pour into 倒入 1. 固定搭配:“pour...into...”表“把……倒入……”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“生活/动作”话题 1. Please pour some water into my cup.(请给我的杯子倒点水。) 2. She poured the milk into the bowl carefully.(她小心地把牛奶倒入碗里。) pasteurize / p st ra z/ v. 巴氏杀菌法消毒 pasteurize milk 给牛奶巴氏消毒 1. 场景关联:常用于“食品加工/卫生”话题; 2. 知识提示:巴氏消毒法是常见的食品消毒方式 1. Milk is usually pasteurized to kill bacteria.(牛奶通常会经巴氏消毒杀死细菌。) 2. The factory pasteurizes all the dairy products.(这家工厂对所有乳制品进行巴氏消毒。) process / pr ses/ n. 过程;流程 /pr ses/ v. 处理;加工 production process 生产流程;process data 处理数据 1. 一词多义:注意名词和动词的读音不同; 2. 场景关联:常用于“生产/科技”话题 1. We learned about the production process of bread.(我们了解了面包的生产流程。) 2. The computer can process a lot of data quickly.(电脑能快速处理大量数据。) heat /hi t/ v. 加热;(使)变暖 n. 热;温度 heat water 加热水;high heat 高温 1. 一词多义:作动词表“加热”,作名词表“热量”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“生活/物理”话题 1. Heat the water before making tea.(泡茶前把水加热。) 2. The high heat in summer makes people feel uncomfortable.(夏天的高温让人们觉得不舒服。) raw /r / adj. 生的;未经加工的 raw food 生食;raw material 原材料 1. 搭配提示:“raw material”是工业/生产类高频短语; 2. 场景关联:常用于“食品/工业”话题 1. Some people like to eat raw vegetables.(有些人喜欢吃生的蔬菜。) 2. The factory imports raw materials from other countries.(这家工厂从其他国家进口原材料。) bacteria /b k t ri / n. 细菌 harmful bacteria 有害细菌;kill bacteria 杀死细菌 1. 用法提示:“bacteria”是复数形式(单数为“bacterium”); 2. 场景关联:常用于“卫生/生物”话题 1. Washing hands can kill harmful bacteria.(洗手能杀死有害细菌。) 2. The medicine can help fight the bacteria in the body.(这种药能帮助对抗体内的细菌。) germ /d m/ n. 细菌;微生物 kill germs 杀死病菌;germ protection 病菌防护 1. 场景关联:常用于“卫生/健康”话题; 2. 同义提示:近义词是“bacteria(细菌)” 1. We need to clean the room to kill germs.(我们需要打扫房间杀死病菌。) 2. Wearing masks is a way of germ protection.(戴口罩是病菌防护的一种方式。) dairy / de ri/ n. 牛奶场;乳品店;乳制品 adj. 牛奶的;乳品业的 dairy products 乳制品;dairy farm 牛奶场 1. 一词多义:八下重点是“乳制品”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“食品/农业”话题 1. She likes to eat dairy products like cheese and yogurt.(她喜欢吃奶酪、酸奶之类的乳制品。) 2. The dairy farm produces fresh milk every day.(这家牛奶场每天生产新鲜牛奶。) scientist / sa nt st/ n. 科学家 famous scientist 著名科学家;research scientist 研究科学家 1. 场景关联:常用于“职业/科技”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“famous scientist”表“著名科学家” 1. Einstein is a famous scientist in the world.(爱因斯坦是世界著名的科学家。) 2. The research scientist is working on a new project.(这位研究科学家正在做一个新项目。) microbiologist / ma kr ba l d st/ n. 微生物学家 research as a microbiologist 作为微生物学家进行研究 1. 构词记忆:由“microbio(微生物)+ logist(学家)”构成; 2. 场景关联:常用于“职业/生物”话题 1. Her mother works as a microbiologist in a lab.(她妈妈在实验室当微生物学家。) 2. The microbiologist studies the growth of germs.(这位微生物学家研究病菌的生长。) toast /t st/ n. 敬酒;烤面包片 v. 为……举杯敬酒;烤 toast bread 烤面包;propose a toast 举杯敬酒 1. 一词多义:八下重点是“烤面包片”和“烤”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“饮食/社交”话题 1. I had toast and milk for breakfast.(我早餐吃了烤面包片和牛奶。) 2. Let's toast the success of our project.(让我们为项目的成功举杯敬酒。) freeze /fri z/ v. 冰冻;(使)结冰 freeze water 把水冻成冰;freeze food 冷冻食物 1. 动词变形:过去式/过去分词为“froze/frozen”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“生活/物理”话题 1. The cold weather froze the lake.(寒冷的天气让湖面结了冰。) 2. We can freeze food to keep it fresh.(我们可以冷冻食物保持新鲜。) refrigerator /r fr d re t (r)/ n.(=fridge)冰箱 put in the refrigerator 放进冰箱;home refrigerator 家用冰箱 1. 缩写提示:常用缩写“fridge”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“生活/家电”话题 1. Please put the fruit in the refrigerator.(请把水果放进冰箱。) 2. A home refrigerator is necessary for modern life.(家用冰箱是现代生活的必需品。) energy / en d i/ n. 能源;能量 save energy 节约能源;solar energy 太阳能 1. 常考短语:“save energy”是环保类高频表达; 2. 场景关联:常用于“环保/物理”话题 1. We should save energy by turning off lights when leaving.(离开时关灯能节约能源。) 2. Solar energy is a kind of clean energy.(太阳能是一种清洁能源。) emperor / emp r (r)/ n. 皇帝 ancient emperor 古代皇帝;Chinese emperor 中国皇帝 1. 场景关联:常用于“历史/文化”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“ancient emperor”表“古代皇帝” 1. The ancient emperor lived in the palace.(古代皇帝住在皇宫里。) 2. We learned about a famous Chinese emperor in history class.(我们在历史课上学了一位著名的中国皇帝。) ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $