内容正文:
外研版八年级下册 Unit 4单词表
教师备课材料
1. excuse (动词)
词性:动词
词义:原谅;为…辩解
近义词:forgive, pardon
反义词:blame(责备)
词性转换:excuse (名词:借口)
常见搭配:excuse me, excuse someone for doing something
例句:Please excuse my late arrival.(请原谅我的迟到。)
2. excuse me
词性:短语
词义:打扰一下;对不起;请原谅
用法:用于礼貌地引起注意、道歉、请求让路或表示异议。
例句:Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station?(打扰一下,你能告诉我去车站的路吗?)
3. purple
词性:形容词/名词
词义:紫色的;紫色
常见搭配:purple flower, dark purple
例句:She wore a beautiful purple dress to the party.(她穿了一件漂亮的紫色连衣裙去参加聚会。)
4. crayon
词性:名词
词义:蜡笔;彩色粉笔
常见搭配:a box of crayons, draw with crayons
例句:The children were drawing with crayons.(孩子们正在用蜡笔画画。)
5. five-year-old
词性:复合形容词/名词
词义:五岁的(孩子)
语法点:作形容词时,数字和名词间用连字符连接,名词用单数形式。
例句:She has a fiveyearold daughter.(她有一个五岁的女儿。)
6. sunshine
词性:名词
词义:阳光;日光
构词:sun(太阳)+ shine(照耀)
近义词:sunlight
反义词:shade(阴凉处)
常见搭配:bright sunshine, enjoy the sunshine
例句:We sat outside to enjoy the sunshine.(我们坐在外面享受阳光。)
7. virus
词性:名词
词义:病毒;(计算机)病毒
常见搭配:computer virus, flu virus
例句:He caught a virus and had to stay in bed.(他感染了病毒,不得不卧床休息。)
8. afford
词性:动词
词义:买得起;负担得起(费用、后果等)
近义词:have enough money for, manage
常见搭配:can/can’t afford, afford to do something
例句:We can’t afford a new car this year.(我们今年买不起新车。)
9. disappointment
词性:名词
词义:失望;沮丧;令人失望的人或事
近义词:letdown, regret
反义词:satisfaction(满意)
词性转换:disappoint (动词) → disappointing (形容词) → disappointment (名词)
常见搭配:to someone’s disappointment, feeling of disappointment
例句:Failing the exam was a great disappointment to him.(考试不及格让他非常失望。)
10. X-ray
词性:名词/动词
词义:X光;X射线;照X光
常见搭配:have an X-ray, X-ray machine
例句:The doctor took an X-ray of my arm.(医生给我的胳膊照了X光。)
11. treatment
词性:名词
词义:治疗;对待;处理
近义词:cure, care
词性转换:treat (动词) → treatment (名词)
常见搭配:medical treatment, receive treatment
例句:She is receiving treatment for her illness.(她正在接受疾病治疗。)
12. pocket
词性:名词
词义:口袋;衣袋
常见搭配:coat pocket, pocket money
例句:He put his hands in his pockets.(他把手放进口袋里。)
13. pocket money
词性:名词短语
词义:零花钱
近义词:allowance
例句:I get £5 pocket money every week.(我每周有5英镑零花钱。)
14. illness
词性:名词
词义:疾病;生病
近义词:sickness, disease
反义词:health(健康)
词性转换:ill (形容词) → illness (名词)
常见搭配:serious illness, recover from an illness
例句:He missed school because of illness.(他因为生病没去上学。)
15. wheelchair
词性:名词
词义:轮椅
构词:wheel(轮子)+ chair(椅子)
常见搭配:use a wheelchair, wheelchair access
例句:The building has ramps for people in wheelchairs.(这座建筑有为坐轮椅的人设置的坡道。)
16. public
词性:形容词/名词
词义:公共的;公众的;公众
近义词:common, open
反义词:private(私人的)
常见搭配:public park, in public
例句:Smoking is not allowed in public places.(公共场所禁止吸烟。)
17. go public
词性:动词短语
词义:(公司)上市;公开;公之于众
例句:The company decided to go public next year.(公司决定明年上市。)
18. mention
词性:动词
词义:提到;提及
近义词:refer to, speak about
常见搭配:don’t mention it, mention something to someone
例句:He mentioned that he might be late.(他提到他可能会迟到。)
19. directly
词性:副词
词义:直接地;径直地;立即
近义词:straight, immediately
反义词:indirectly(间接地)
词性转换:direct (形容词) → directly (副词)
常见搭配:look directly at, directly opposite
例句:She looked directly into my eyes.(她直视着我的眼睛。)
20. solution
词性:名词
词义:解决方法;溶液
近义词:answer, resolution
词性转换:solve (动词) → solution (名词)
常见搭配:find a solution, solution to a problem
例句:We need to find a solution to this problem.(我们需要找到这个问题的解决方法。)
21. bottle
词性:名词
词义:瓶子
常见搭配:water bottle, glass bottle
例句:He drank a whole bottle of juice.(他喝了一整瓶果汁。)
22. a bottle of
词性:量词短语
词义:一瓶…
例句:Could you buy a bottle of milk, please?(请你买一瓶牛奶好吗?)
23. exam
词性:名词
词义:考试;测验
近义词:test, examination (正式)
常见搭配:take an exam, pass an exam
例句:We have an English exam next week.(我们下周有英语考试。)
24. dialogue
词性:名词
词义:对话;对白
近义词:conversation, talk
反义词:monologue(独白)
常见搭配:have a dialogue, dialogue box (计算机)
例句:The play contains some funny dialogues.(这出戏里有一些有趣的对话。)
25. flu
词性:名词
词义:流感
全称:influenza
常见搭配:have the flu, flu season
例句:She’s in bed with the flu.(她得了流感,卧床休息。)
26. homeless
词性:形容词
词义:无家可归的
构词:home(家)+ less(无…的)
反义词:housed(有住所的)
词性转换:homelessness (名词)
常见搭配:homeless people, help the homeless
例句:The charity provides food for homeless people.(该慈善机构为无家可归者提供食物。)
27. donate
词性:动词
词义:捐赠;捐献
近义词:give, contribute
词性转换:donation (名词),donor (名词)
常见搭配:donate money, donate blood
例句:Many people donated clothes to the flood victims.(许多人向洪水灾民捐赠了衣服。)
28. soldier
词性:名词
词义:士兵;军人
近义词:troop, warrior
常见搭配:brave soldier, professional soldier
例句:Her brother is a soldier in the army.(她哥哥是军队里的一名士兵。)
29. fireman
词性:名词
词义:消防员
近义词:firefighter (更常用)
常见搭配:call the fireman, brave fireman
例句:The fireman rescued the cat from the tree.(消防员把猫从树上救了下来。)
30. against
词性:介词
词义:反对;倚靠;与…对比
反义词:for(支持)
常见搭配:against the law, lean against
例句:Are you for or against the plan?(你是支持还是反对这个计划?)
31. graduate
词性:动词/名词
词义:毕业;毕业生
词性转换:graduation (名词)
常见搭配:graduate from, college graduate
例句:She graduated from university last year.(她去年从大学毕业。)
32. college
词性:名词
词义:学院;大学;职业学院
近义词:university, institute
常见搭配:go to college, college student
例句:He’s starting college in September.(他九月份开始上大学。)
33. goodwill
词性:名词
词义:善意;友好;商誉
构词:good(好的)+ will(意愿)
近义词:kindness, friendliness
反义词:ill will(恶意)
常见搭配:gesture of goodwill, international goodwill
例句:The two countries signed the agreement in a spirit of goodwill.(两国本着友好的精神签署了协议。)
34. warmth
词性:名词
词义:温暖;热情;暖和
近义词:heat, friendliness
反义词:coldness(寒冷)
词性转换:warm (形容词) → warmth (名词)
常见搭配:feel the warmth, warmth of the sun
例句:We sat by the fire for warmth.(我们坐在火边取暖。)
35. means
词性:名词
词义:方法;手段;工具;金钱
单复数同形
近义词:method, way
常见搭配:means of transport, by means of
例句:The Internet is a means of communication.(互联网是一种通讯手段。)
36. by no means
词性:副词短语
词义:绝不;一点也不
近义词:not at all, certainly not
反义词:by all means(当然可以)
例句:This is by no means an easy task.(这绝不是一件容易的任务。)
37. lucky
词性:形容词
词义:幸运的;吉祥的
近义词:fortunate, blessed
反义词:unlucky(不幸的)
词性转换:luck (名词) → lucky (形容词)
常见搭配:lucky day, lucky number
例句:You’re lucky to have such good friends.(你有这么好的朋友真是幸运。)
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