专题10 八年级下册Unit4 Helping out课内解析篇-八年级英语新教材外研版

专题10 八年级下册Unit4 Helping out课内解析篇 课文解析1 Understanding ideas Adding some colour 1 "Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please?" five-year-old Leah asked a nurse. "I want to colour the butterfly." 2 "Sorry, but I can't find one," said the nurse. "I'm afraid you'll have to draw a grey butterfly." 3 This conversation happened in a waiting room at Sunshine Hospital. The hospital provided colouring books for young patients. But there were never enough crayons. Why? Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases. They can only be used once. Then they must be thrown away. The hospital had many new patients every day. It just couldn't afford new crayons for every child. 4 Leah was born with a serious disease, and she made many hospital visits. "A lot of the time she's in great pain," her mum said. "But colouring has helped her get through it." Leah didn't want other young patients to feel her disappointment. "It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments. I want them to feel good," she said. "There must be something for me to do." 5 Leah planned to buy 500 boxes of crayons for the hospital. However, all her pocket money was only enough for about 40 boxes. Because of her illness, she couldn't do chores for money, either. 6 It might sound impossible, but Leah didn't give up. With the help of her family and friends, she held many activities to raise money. And she would always be there in her wheelchair. Word spread fast, and Leah's story went public. So far, she has collected 2,675 boxes. 7 "She is a kind girl," said one nurse. "She's added colour to this hospital. The waiting rooms are now filled with happier kids and brighter pictures!" 1.五岁女童莉娅在阳光医院候诊室向护士求助：“请给我一支紫色蜡笔好吗？我想给蝴蝶涂色。 2.”护士回答：“抱歉，我们没有紫色蜡笔。恐怕您只能画一只灰色蝴蝶了。” 3.这段对话发生在阳光医院的候诊室。医院为年幼患者提供涂色书，但蜡笔数量始终不足。原因在于：蜡笔可能携带病毒并传播疾病，且仅限单次使用后必须丢弃。由于每日接诊的新患者数量庞大，医院根本无法为每个孩子配备新的蜡笔。 4.莱娅出生时患有严重疾病，多次住院治疗。“她经常疼痛难忍，”母亲说道，“但涂色疗法帮助她度过了这段艰难时期。”莱娅不愿让其他患儿感受到她的失望。“等待X光检查和治疗过程可能令人烦躁，我希望他们能保持积极心态，”她表示，“至少我还有事情可做。” 5.莱娅原计划为医院购买500盒蜡笔，但其零花钱仅够购买约40盒。由于病情限制，她也无法通过做家务来赚取零花钱。 6.这听起来可能不太可能，但莉亚并没有放弃。在家人和朋友的帮助下，她组织了许多活动来筹集资金。而且她总是坐在轮椅上。这些迅速传播开来，莉亚的故事也公之于众。到目前为止，她已经收集了2675个箱子。 7 “她是个善良的女孩，”一位护士说道，“她为这家医院增添了色彩。候诊室如今充满了更快乐的孩子和更明亮的图画！” 1.“Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please?” five-year-old Leah asked a nurse. “打扰一下，请给我一支紫色蜡笔好吗？”五岁的利娅问护士。（教材P52） （1）excuse /ɪkˈskju:z/ v.原谅 excuse sth./sb.原谅某事/某人 excuse sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人做某事 Please excuse the mess. 这里凌乱不堪，请见谅。 I hope you can excuse me for being so late. 我来得这么晚，希望你能原谅。 拓展［名词］借口；理由 常与介词for连用。 What’s your excuse for being late this time? 你这次迟到的理由是什么？ （2）复合形容词 此处five-year-old为复合形容词。其结构为“基数词-名词（单数）-形容词”，词与词之间用连字符“-”连接，通常用在名词前作定语。 It’s a two-metre-wide river. 这是一条两米宽的河。 We’ll have a seven-day holiday. 我们将有一个七天的假期。 2.I’m afraid you’ll have to draw a grey butterfly. 恐怕你得画一只灰色的蝴蝶了。（教材P52） I’m afraid+（that）从句 恐怕…… 该句型常用于口语表达，通常用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。 I’m afraid I can’t go with you this afternoon. 恐怕今天下午我不能和你一起去了。 拓展 I’m afraid so/not. 意为“恐怕是的/不行。”，常用于日常交际。 —Is it going to rain tomorrow? 明天会下雨吗？ —I’m afraid so. We’d better cancel the picnic. 恐怕会的。我们最好取消野餐。 3.Then they must be thrown away. 之后就必须扔掉。（教材P52） throw away 扔掉；丢弃 为“动词+副词”型短语，人称代词作其宾语时，要放在throw和away之间。 Don’t leave your toys on the table, or I will throw them away. 不要把你的玩具放在桌子上，否则我会把它们扔掉。 On the first day of the Spring Festival, people are not allowed to throw away rubbish (=throw rubbish away) or clean the rooms. 春节第一天，人们不能扔垃圾或打扫房间。 4.It just couldn’t afford new crayons for every child.要为每个孩子购买新的蜡笔，医院实在负担不起。（教材P52） afford /əˈfɔ:d/ v.买得起，付得起 ［动词］通常与can、could或be able to连用，多用于否定句或疑问句中，不用于被动语态。 afford sth. 买得起某物 afford to do sth.负担得起做某事 If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it, we can save our pocket money. 如果我们想要一辆新自行车却买不起，我们可以攒零花钱。 I hope I can afford to buy a big house one day. 我希望有一天能买得起一所大房子。 5.But colouring has helped her get through it. 但是涂色帮她熬过了这段痛苦的时期。（教材P52） get (sb.) through sth. （帮助某人）渡过（难关），（使某人）熬过（困难时期） Come on! You’ll discover a new side of yourself when you get through all the difficulties. 加油！当你克服所有困难时，你会发现自己全新的一面。 It was their love that got me through the difficult time. 是他们的爱帮我熬过了那段困难时期。 拓展get through通过（考试等）；（用电话）接通 I finally managed to get through my driving test. 我终于通过了驾照考试。 I tried calling you several times but I couldn’t get through. 我试着给你打了几次电话，但都没打通。 6.Leah didn’t want other young patients to feel her disappointment. 利娅不想让其他小患者也体会到她的失望。（教材P52） disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ n.失望，扫兴，沮丧 由“disappoint（v.使失望）+ -ment（名词后缀）”构成。 to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 He could see the disappointment in her eyes. 他看得出她眼中的失望。 To our great disappointment, it rained every day of the trip. 这次旅行天天下雨，让我们大失所望。 拓展disappoint作动词，相当于let...down或make...disappointed。 I hate to disappoint you ( = let you down/make you disappointed ) , but I’m really not interested. 我不想使你扫兴，但我确实不感兴趣。 7.It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.等待X光检查和治疗会很无聊。（教材P53） treatment /ˈtri:tmənt/ n.治疗，诊治；疗法 由“treat（v.治疗，医治）+-ment（名词后缀）”构成。 When people feel ill, some choose to go to TCM hospitals and clinics for treatment. 当人们感到不适时，有些人会选择去中医院和中医诊所接受治疗。 The best treatment for a cold is to rest and drink lots of water. 治疗感冒的最佳方法是休息和多喝水。 拓展［名词］对待；待遇 We don’t want any special treatment. 我们不想要任何特殊待遇。 8.Because of her illness, she couldn’t do chores for money, either. 由于生病，她也不能通过做家务来赚钱。（教材P53） illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n.病，疾病 ［名词］由“ill （adj.有病的）+-ness（名词后缀）”构成。其发音以元音音素开头，其前的不定冠词应用an。 With my parents’ care, I was well again after a serious illness. 在父母的照料下，重病之后我又恢复了健康。 She is blind because of an illness. 她因为一场疾病而失明了。 -ness是常见的名词后缀，表示“……的性质（或状态、特点）”，常加在形容词后。 kind（友好的）+ -ness→kindness（仁慈；善良） happy（幸福的）+ -ness→happiness（幸福） dark（黑暗的）+ -ness→darkness（黑暗） 9.Word spread fast, and Leah’s story went public.消息传得很快，利娅的故事很快为大家所知。（教材P53） public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj.公众的，大众的 通常用于名词前作定语。 go public公开，公之于众 Public safety must come first. 公共安全必须放在首位。 When the news about the school trip went public, everyone got excited. 当学校旅行的消息公开时，所有人都很兴奋。 拓展［名词］公众，民众 常与定冠词the连用。 in public公开地，当众 The movie Ne Zha 2 has been popular with the public since it came out. 电影《哪吒2》自上映以来一直深受大众欢迎。 Don’t be shy when you speak English in public. 在公共场合说英语时不要害羞。 10.So far, she has collected 2,675 boxes. 到目前为止，她已经收集了2 675盒蜡笔。（教材P53） so far到目前为止，迄今为止 常与现在完成时连用，同义短语为up to now/until now。 So far, our country has made great efforts in the environmental protection of river. 到目前为止，我国在河流环境保护方面做出了很大的努力。 As a traditional Chinese martial art, Taijiquan has spread to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. 太极拳作为中国传统武术，迄今已传播到世界150多个国家。 随堂训练 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Shanxi, a province that lies in the ___________ (north) part of China, is a land rich in history, culture, and beautiful views. 2.Let’s go to the zoo. There are some new animals from some ____________ (Africa) countries. 3.Last night I had an ____________(argue) with my elder brother. Later I said sorry to him. 4.Make sure you are __________(full) meeting all the plant’s needs. 【答案】1.northern    2.African    3.argument    4.fully     二.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 unlock　alive　newspaper　style 1.My grandfather keeps a habit of reading books and _______________ every day. 2.This pair of running shoes is not the __________ I like. Please show me another pair. 3.Most live like other New Zealanders, but they are keeping the Maori language and tradition __________. 4.This science magazine is very useful and it helps more children to ___________ some secrets of nature. 【答案】1.newspapers    2.style    3.alive    4.unlock     三.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 1.当旧的机器人不能再运行时,团队甚至可以使用新的机器人。 Teams could even use new robots when the old ones could _______ ___________ run. 2.我过去常常认为外国人不会理解我们的茶文化,但他们却深爱着它。 I _________ _______ think foreigners wouldn’t understand our tea culture, but they love it deeply. 3.多亏了李颖,越来越多年轻的女孩爱上了足球。 ___________ _______ Li Ying, more and more young girls fall in love with soccer. 4.我不知道他是否会来参加我的生日聚会。 I don't know ____________ or not _______ _________ come to my birthday party. 5.我们不完全了解大脑是怎样构成的。 We do not _________ ______________ how the brain is formed. 6.很多人总是在寻找幸福。 Many people always _________ ________ ______________. 7.学生们常常要旅行数百英里才能到这儿。 Students often travel _____________ _______ miles to get here. 【答案】1.no longer  2.used to 3.Thanks   to 4.whether   he will 5.fully understand    6.look for happiness    7.hundreds    of 课文解析2 Developing ideas The circle of goodwill 1 It was just before 2:30 pm in my hometown, Wenchuan. I was having a music lesson at school. Suddenly, the ground shook hard and I was thrown to the floor. People were shouting all around me. I jumped to my feet and rushed outside. I was shocked to find all the other buildings were reduced to pieces. I was shaking all over with fear. Then, a pair of strong hands reached out to me - I was saved. 2 I can never forget those soldiers, firemen, doctors and nurses. Day and night, they raced against time to save as many people as possible. I was deeply touched by their courage and hard work. So I made up my mind to become one of them. And I did! I graduated from college and became a nurse. 3 One day, I heard another hospital needed support. Right away, I signed up to help. I still remembered the warmth of those helping hands 12 years ago. It was time for me to offer mine. 4 The work was by no means easy. The head nurse, Ye Man, gave me a lot of help. For me, she was a patient teacher and a kind friend. However, this wasn't the beginning of our connection. She had offered a helping hand to Wenchuan 12 years ago. Can you imagine my surprise? At that time she was my age, and also a new nurse, just like me! 5 Even today, I still feel lucky to have had such an amazing experience in life. Love leads to love, and so creates a circle of goodwill and kindness. 善意的循环 1 下午2点30分前，我身处家乡汶川。当时正在学校上音乐课，突然地面剧烈震动，我被甩倒在地。周围人群尖叫连连。我猛地站起身冲到室外，惊恐地发现其他建筑已化为废墟。全身因恐惧而颤抖。这时一双有力的手伸向我——我得救了。 2 我永远无法忘记那些士兵、消防员、医生和护士。他们日夜奋战，争分夺秒地抢救尽可能多的患者。他们的勇气与辛勤工作令我深受感动。因此，我决心成为其中一员。最终，我实现了这一目标！我完成了大学学业并成为一名护士。 3 有天，我得知另一家医院需要支援。当即报名参与。12年前那些伸出援手的温暖仍历历在目。此刻，我也该贡献自己的力量。 4 这项工作绝非易事。护士长叶曼给予了我诸多帮助。对我而言，她既是耐心的导师，也是亲切的朋友。然而，这并非我们缘分的开端。12年前，她曾向汶川伸出援手。您能想象我的惊讶吗？当时她与我同龄，也是一名新护士，与我如出一辙！5 即便在今天，我仍感到幸运能拥有如此非凡的人生经历。爱生爱，由此形成善意与仁慈的循环。 1.Day and night, they raced against time to save as many people as possible. 他们夜以继日地与时间赛跑， 尽可能多地救人。（教材P60） （1）against /əˈɡenst/ prep. 与……对抗 There is going to be a basketball game against Class Two this Sunday. 这周日有一场与二班的篮球对抗赛。 against作介词的其他常见含义： （2）as... as possible 尽可能……（两个as中间的形容词/副词用原级） 相当于“as... as one can/could”。 Hummingbirds fly around a few thousand flowers each day to get as much food as possible ( = as much food as they can) . 蜂鸟每天绕着数千朵花飞来飞去，以尽可能多地获取食物。 We need to get to the bus stop as early as possible( = as early as we can), or we’ll miss the first bus. 我们需要尽可能早地到达公共汽车站，否则会错过首班车。 2.So I made up my mind to become one of them. 所以，我下定决心成为他们中的一员。（教材P60） make up one’s mind 下定决心；做出决定 make up one’s mind to do sth.=decide to dosth.=make a decision to do sth.决定做某事 Claire made up her mind to win first prize. 克莱尔下定决心要赢得一等奖。 They gave me a week to make up my mind. 他们给我一周的时间做决定。 3.I graduated from college and became a nurse. 大学毕业后我成了一名护士。（教材P60） graduate /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ v.大学毕业 （名词形式为graduation“毕业；毕业典礼”） graduate from 从……毕业 graduate in 毕业于……专业 Fan Jinshi made her first journey to Dunhuang in 1963, shortly after graduating from university. 樊锦诗于1963年大学毕业不久后，首次前往敦煌。 He graduated in physics from Peking University last year. 他去年毕业于北京大学物理学专业。 拓展［可数名词］大学毕业生 Many university graduates go to work in the countryside to help villagers live a better life. 许多大学毕业生到农村工作，帮助村民过上更好的生活。 4.Right away, I signed up to help. 我立刻报名去帮忙。（教材P61） （1）right away 立即；马上 常见的同义词（组）：at once、in a second、in a moment、right now、in no time、immediately等。 —Timmy, your bedroom is dirty and untidy. 蒂米，你的卧室又脏又乱。 —Sorry, Mum. I’ll clean it right away. 对不起，妈妈。我马上打扫。 （2）sign up 报名参加（课程等） 其后常接介词 for，引出报名的对象。 You have to sign up before the deadline if you want to join the science club. 如果你想加入科学俱乐部，必须在截止日期前报名。 I’m thinking of signing up for a yoga course. 我在考虑报名参加一门瑜伽课。 拓展 sign up 还可意为“（使）签约受雇”。 The law firm signed her up as a secretary. 这家律师事务所签约雇她担任秘书。 5.I still remembered the warmth of those helping hands 12 years ago. 我依然记得12年前那些援助之手带来的温暖。（教材P61） warmth/wɔ:mθ/ n.温暖 ［不可数名词］由“warm（adj. 温暖的）+ -th（名词后缀）”构成。 Sometimes just a simple “Hello!” can bring sunshine and warmth into a lonely heart. 有时，一句简单的“你好！”就能为一颗孤独的心灵带来阳光与温暖。 She could feel the warmth of the child’s hand in her own. 她能感觉到孩子的手在自己手中传来的暖意。 -th后缀常加在某些形容词或动词后，构成名词。 true (adj.真实的) →truth (n.真相) deep (adj.深的) →depth (n.深度) grow (v.成长) →growth (n.成长；生长) 6.The work was by no means easy. 这项工作绝非易事。（教材P61） means /mi:nz/ n.手段；方法；工具 means of (doing) sth./ to do sth. （做）……的手段/方法#1 For most people, the car is still their main means of transport. 对大多数人来说，汽车仍是他们主要的交通工具。 Is there any means of getting in contact with him?有没有什么方法可以联系到他？ We will use every possible means to achieve our goal.我们将竭尽所能实现我们的目标。 拓展by no means 决不，一点儿都不 同义短语为not by any means/not at all。 It is by no means certain that the game will take place. 比赛是否会举行完全不能确定 7.She had offered a helping hand to Wenchuan 12 years ago. 12年前，她曾向汶川伸出援助之手。（教材P61） offer a helping hand 帮助，伸出援助之手 offer/give/lend a helping hand to sb.=offer/give/lend sb. a helping hand 帮助某人，向某人伸出援助之手 While developing itself, China never fails to offer a helping hand to its friends. 中国在自身发展的同时，始终不忘向朋友伸出援手。 拓展与“帮助”有关的其他短语： give/lend sb. a hand 帮助某人 reach out to sb. 向某人伸出援手 do sb. a favour 帮某人个忙 ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙 offer v.提供；主动提出 offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 Since last year, our school has offered free breakfasts to students in need. 从去年开始，我们学校就为需要帮助的学生提供免费早餐了。 I seldom have any difficulties in China. Many people offer to help me. 我在中国很少遇到困难。许多人会主动帮助我。 拓展［名词］主动提议；出价，报价帮助。 Will you accept their offer? 你会接受他们的报价吗？ 8.Even today, I still feel lucky to have had such an amazing experience in life. 即便到了今天，我仍为生命中有这样一段奇妙的经历而感到幸运。（教材P61） lucky /ˈlʌki/ adj.运气好的，幸运的 be/feel lucky to do sth.做某事（感到）很幸运 I feel lucky to have a friend like you. 有像你这样的朋友，我感到很幸运。 I was so lucky that I could take such a picture. 我很幸运能拍出这样的照片。 拓展 Wish you good luck! 祝你好运！ Luckily, with good preparation, we made the trip safe and sound. 幸运的是，由于准备充分，我们安然无恙地 完成了这次旅行。 随堂训练 一.单项选择 1.The man is very rich and he is afraid that he may lose his one day. A.wealth　　　 B.fame　　　 C.energy　　　 D.time 【答案】A解析　根据“那个男人非常富有”可知,此处表示“他担心他有一天可能会失去自己的财富”,wealth符合题意。 2.She had weak lungs (肺) and could breathe. A.always　　     B.hardly　　　 C.clearly　　　 D.usually 【答案】B解析　根据“她肺部虚弱”可知,此处表示“她几乎无法呼吸”,hardly符合题意。 3.—Who cooked the hot dry noodles for you? They’re delicious. — . I learned to cook them by myself on the Internet. A.Everybody　 B.Somebody C.Nobody 【答案】C解析　根据“我在网上自学”可知,此处表示“没有人(为我做热干面)”,Nobody符合题意。 4.—Whose bag is this? —I think it Mike. This bag is blue and he likes blue best. A.belongs to　 B.agrees with C.waits for　　 D.talks about 【答案】A解析　根据“这个包是蓝色的,他最喜欢蓝色”可知,此处表示“我认为它属于Mike”,belongs to符合题意。 二.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 1.他很虚弱,不能做那么累人的任务。 He was very weak and he couldn’t _________ _______ such a tiring task. 2.休息一会儿后,他们不得不继续他们的研究。 After resting for a while, they had to ____________ ______ _________ their research. 3.我的哥哥昨天没有去上学,因为他生病了。 My older brother didn’t go to school because he ____________ ______ yesterday. 【答案】1.carry    out 2.go/carry on with 3.was/fell ill 三．任务型阅读 （24-25八年级下·天津河北·期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。 Rice is a very common food in life. Lots of people in Asia, Africa, and South America eat it every day. Some people eat almost nothing but rice. Farmers grow rice in many countries. But no one really knows where it first came from. Some scientists think that it started to grow in two places. They think that one kind of rice grew in Asia many years ago. According to (据……所说) some old books, people began to grow rice in China thousands of years ago. Another kind probably grew in West Africa. However, other scientists think that rice came from India, and Indian travellers took it to other parts of the world. Rice can grow in dry soil (土壤), but most rice grows in wet soil. People in many countries do all of the work of growing rice by hand. This is the same way farmers worked hundreds of years ago. In some countries, people now use machines (机器) on their rice farms. People use every part of the rice plant. They make animal feed and rice oil (油) from it. They make other useful things such as baskets, shoes and roofs (屋顶) for their houses from it. Also, they burn (燃烧) dry rice plants in fires for cooking. 1．Farmers grow rice in many countries, but no one really knows . 2．According to some old books, people began to grow . 3．People use their hands or machines on . 4．People of the rice plant. 5．People also burn for cooking. 【答案】1．where it first came from 2．rice in China thousands of years ago 3．their rice farms 4．use every part 5．dry rice plants in fires 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了水稻的种植历史、生长环境、种植方式以及水稻植物的多种用途。 1．根据“But no one really knows where it first came from.”可知，水稻的起源尚不明确。故填where it first came from。 2．根据“According to (据……所说) some old books, people began to grow rice in China thousands of years ago.”可知，据一些古籍记载，几千年前中国就开始种植水稻。故填rice in China thousands of years ago。 3．根据“People in many countries do all of the work of growing rice by hand. This is the same way farmers worked hundreds of years ago. In some countries, people now use machines (机器) on their rice farms.”可知，许多国家的人手工种植水稻，在一些国家，人们在稻田里使用机器。故填their rice farms。 4．根据“People use every part of the rice plant.”可知，人们利用水稻植物的每一部分。故填use every part。 5．根据“Also, they burn (燃烧) dry rice plants in fires for cooking.”可知，此外，他们还燃烧干燥的水稻植物来做饭。故填dry rice plants in fires。 单词背诵 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.excuse /ɪkˈskjuːz/ v. 原谅 2.excuse me劳驾（用于礼貌地引起他人注意，尤其是发问时） 3.purple /ˈpɜːpəl/ adj. 紫色的 4.crayon /ˈkreɪən/ n. 彩色蜡笔 5.five-year-old 　 adj. 五岁的 6.sunshine /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/ n. 阳光 7.virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒 8.afford /əˈfɔːd/ v. 买得起，付得起 9.disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 失望，扫兴，沮丧 10.X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ n. X光检查 11.treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗，诊治；疗法 12.pocket /ˈpɒkɪt/ n. 衣袋，口袋 13.pocket money 　 零花钱 14.illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 病，疾病 15.wheelchair /ˈwiːltʃeə/ n. 轮椅 16.public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj. 公众的，大众的 17.go public 　 公开，公之于众 18.mention /ˈmenʃən/ v. 提到，说起，谈到 19.directly /dəˈrektli/ adv. 直接地 20.solution /səˈluːʃən/ n. 解决，解决方法 21.bottle /ˈbɒtl/ n. 瓶子 22.a bottle of 　 一瓶 23.exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ n. 考试 24.dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ n. 对话，对白 25.flu /fluː/ n. 流行性感冒，流感 26.homeless /ˈhəʊmləs/ adj. 无家可归的 27.soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə/ n. 士兵，军人 28.fireman /ˈfaɪəmən/ n. 消防队员 29.against /əˈɡenst/ prep. 反对 30.graduate /ˈɡrædʒuːeɪt/ v. 大学毕业 31.college /ˈkɒlɪdʒ/ n. 大学；学院 32.goodwill /ˌɡʊdˈwɪl/ n. 好意，亲善，友善 33.warmth /wɔːmθ/ n. 温暖 34.means /miːnz/ n. 手段；方法；工具 35.by no means 　 绝不，一点儿都不 36.lucky /ˈlʌki/ adj. 运气好的，幸运的 $ 专题10 八年级下册Unit4 Helping out课内解析篇 课文解析1 Understanding ideas Adding some colour 1 "Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please?" five-year-old Leah asked a nurse. "I want to colour the butterfly." 2 "Sorry, but I can't find one," said the nurse. "I'm afraid you'll have to draw a grey butterfly." 3 This conversation happened in a waiting room at Sunshine Hospital. The hospital provided colouring books for young patients. But there were never enough crayons. Why? Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases. They can only be used once. Then they must be thrown away. The hospital had many new patients every day. It just couldn't afford new crayons for every child. 4 Leah was born with a serious disease, and she made many hospital visits. "A lot of the time she's in great pain," her mum said. "But colouring has helped her get through it." Leah didn't want other young patients to feel her disappointment. "It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments. I want them to feel good," she said. "There must be something for me to do." 5 Leah planned to buy 500 boxes of crayons for the hospital. However, all her pocket money was only enough for about 40 boxes. Because of her illness, she couldn't do chores for money, either. 6 It might sound impossible, but Leah didn't give up. With the help of her family and friends, she held many activities to raise money. And she would always be there in her wheelchair. Word spread fast, and Leah's story went public. So far, she has collected 2,675 boxes. 7 "She is a kind girl," said one nurse. "She's added colour to this hospital. The waiting rooms are now filled with happier kids and brighter pictures!" 1.五岁女童莉娅在阳光医院候诊室向护士求助：“请给我一支紫色蜡笔好吗？我想给蝴蝶涂色。 2.”护士回答：“抱歉，我们没有紫色蜡笔。恐怕您只能画一只灰色蝴蝶了。” 3.这段对话发生在阳光医院的候诊室。医院为年幼患者提供涂色书，但蜡笔数量始终不足。原因在于：蜡笔可能携带病毒并传播疾病，且仅限单次使用后必须丢弃。由于每日接诊的新患者数量庞大，医院根本无法为每个孩子配备新的蜡笔。 4.莱娅出生时患有严重疾病，多次住院治疗。“她经常疼痛难忍，”母亲说道，“但涂色疗法帮助她度过了这段艰难时期。”莱娅不愿让其他患儿感受到她的失望。“等待X光检查和治疗过程可能令人烦躁，我希望他们能保持积极心态，”她表示，“至少我还有事情可做。” 5.莱娅原计划为医院购买500盒蜡笔，但其零花钱仅够购买约40盒。由于病情限制，她也无法通过做家务来赚取零花钱。 6.这听起来可能不太可能，但莉亚并没有放弃。在家人和朋友的帮助下，她组织了许多活动来筹集资金。而且她总是坐在轮椅上。这些迅速传播开来，莉亚的故事也公之于众。到目前为止，她已经收集了2675个箱子。 7 “她是个善良的女孩，”一位护士说道，“她为这家医院增添了色彩。候诊室如今充满了更快乐的孩子和更明亮的图画！” 1.“Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please?” five-year-old Leah asked a nurse. “打扰一下，请给我一支紫色蜡笔好吗？”五岁的利娅问护士。（教材P52） （1）excuse /ɪkˈskju:z/ v.原谅 excuse sth./sb.原谅某事/某人 excuse sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人做某事 Please excuse the mess. 这里凌乱不堪，请见谅。 I hope you can me for being so late. 我来得这么晚，希望你能原谅。 拓展［名词］借口；理由 常与介词for连用。 What’s your for being late this time? 你这次迟到的理由是什么？ （2）复合形容词 此处five-year-old为复合形容词。其结构为“基数词-名词（单数）-形容词”，词与词之间用连字符“-”连接，通常用在名词前作定语。 It’s a river. 这是一条两米宽的河。 We’ll have holiday. 我们将有一个七天的假期。 2.I’m afraid you’ll have to draw a grey butterfly. 恐怕你得画一只灰色的蝴蝶了。（教材P52） I’m afraid+（that）从句 恐怕…… 该句型常用于口语表达，通常用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。 I’m afraid I go with you this afternoon. 恐怕今天下午我不能和你一起去了。 拓展 I’m afraid so/not. 意为“恐怕是的/不行。”，常用于日常交际。 —Is it going to rain tomorrow? 明天会下雨吗？ —I’m afraid so. We’d better cancel the picnic. 恐怕会的。我们最好取消野餐。 3.Then they must be thrown away. 之后就必须扔掉。（教材P52） throw away 扔掉；丢弃 为“动词+副词”型短语，人称代词作其宾语时，要放在throw和away之间。 Don’t leave your toys on the table, or I will . 不要把你的玩具放在桌子上，否则我会把它们扔掉。 On the first day of the Spring Festival, people are not allowed to rubbish (=throw rubbish away) or clean the rooms. 春节第一天，人们不能扔垃圾或打扫房间。 4.It just couldn’t afford new crayons for every child.要为每个孩子购买新的蜡笔，医院实在负担不起。（教材P52） afford /əˈfɔ:d/ v.买得起，付得起 ［动词］通常与can、could或be able to连用，多用于否定句或疑问句中，不用于被动语态。 afford sth. 买得起某物 afford to do sth.负担得起做某事 If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t it, we can save our pocket money. 如果我们想要一辆新自行车却买不起，我们可以攒零花钱。 I hope I can to buy a big house one day. 我希望有一天能买得起一所大房子。 5.But colouring has helped her get through it. 但是涂色帮她熬过了这段痛苦的时期。（教材P52） get (sb.) through sth. （帮助某人）渡过（难关），（使某人）熬过（困难时期） Come on! You’ll discover a new side of yourself when you get through all the difficulties. 加油！当你克服所有困难时，你会发现自己全新的一面。 It was their love that got me the difficult time. 是他们的爱帮我熬过了那段困难时期。 拓展get through通过（考试等）；（用电话）接通 I finally managed to get my driving test. 我终于通过了驾照考试。 I tried calling you several times but I couldn’t get th ough. 我试着给你打了几次电话，但都没打通。 6.Leah didn’t want other young patients to feel her disappointment. 利娅不想让其他小患者也体会到她的失望。（教材P52） disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ n.失望，扫兴，沮丧 由“disappoint（v.使失望）+ -ment（名词后缀）”构成。 to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 He could see the in her eyes. 他看得出她眼中的失望。 To our great , it rained every day of the trip. 这次旅行天天下雨，让我们大失所望。 拓展disappoint作动词，相当于let...down或make...disappointed。 I hate to you ( = let you down/make you disappointed ) , but I’m really not interested. 我不想使你扫兴，但我确实不感兴趣。 7.It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.等待X光检查和治疗会很无聊。（教材P53） treatment /ˈtri:tmənt/ n.治疗，诊治；疗法 由“treat（v.治疗，医治）+-ment（名词后缀）”构成。 When people feel ill, some choose to go to TCM hospitals and clinics for . 当人们感到不适时，有些人会选择去中医院和中医诊所接受治疗。 The best for a cold is to rest and drink lots of water. 治疗感冒的最佳方法是休息和多喝水。 拓展［名词］对待；待遇 We don’t want any special . 我们不想要任何特殊待遇。 8.Because of her illness, she couldn’t do chores for money, either. 由于生病，她也不能通过做家务来赚钱。（教材P53） illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n.病，疾病 ［名词］由“ill （adj.有病的）+-ness（名词后缀）”构成。其发音以元音音素开头，其前的不定冠词应用an。 With my parents’ care, I was well again after a serious . 在父母的照料下，重病之后我又恢复了健康。 She is blind because of an . 她因为一场疾病而失明了。 -ness是常见的名词后缀，表示“……的性质（或状态、特点）”，常加在形容词后。 kind（友好的）+ -ness→kindness（仁慈；善良） happy（幸福的）+ -ness→happiness（幸福） dark（黑暗的）+ -ness→darkness（黑暗） 9.Word spread fast, and Leah’s story went public.消息传得很快，利娅的故事很快为大家所知。（教材P53） public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj.公众的，大众的 通常用于名词前作定语。 go public公开，公之于众 safety must come first. 公共安全必须放在首位。 When the news about the school trip went , everyone got excited. 当学校旅行的消息公开时，所有人都很兴奋。 拓展［名词］公众，民众 常与定冠词the连用。 in public公开地，当众 The movie Ne Zha 2 has been popular with the since it came out. 电影《哪吒2》自上映以来一直深受大众欢迎。 Don’t be shy when you speak English public. 在公共场合说英语时不要害羞。 10.So far, she has collected 2,675 boxes. 到目前为止，她已经收集了2 675盒蜡笔。（教材P53） so far到目前为止，迄今为止 常与现在完成时连用，同义短语为up to now/until now。 So far, our country made great efforts in the environmental protection of river. 到目前为止，我国在河流环境保护方面做出了很大的努力。 As a traditional Chinese martial art, Taijiquan spread to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. 太极拳作为中国传统武术，迄今已传播到世界150多个国家。 随堂训练 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Shanxi, a province that lies in the ___________ (north) part of China, is a land rich in history, culture, and beautiful views. 2.Let’s go to the zoo. There are some new animals from some ____________ (Africa) countries. 3.Last night I had an ____________(argue) with my elder brother. Later I said sorry to him. 4.Make sure you are __________(full) meeting all the plant’s needs. 二.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 unlock　alive　newspaper　style 1.My grandfather keeps a habit of reading books and _______________ every day. 2.This pair of running shoes is not the __________ I like. Please show me another pair. 3.Most live like other New Zealanders, but they are keeping the Maori language and tradition __________. 4.This science magazine is very useful and it helps more children to ___________ some secrets of nature. 三.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 1.当旧的机器人不能再运行时,团队甚至可以使用新的机器人。 Teams could even use new robots when the old ones could _______ ___________ run. 2.我过去常常认为外国人不会理解我们的茶文化,但他们却深爱着它。 I _________ _______ think foreigners wouldn’t understand our tea culture, but they love it deeply. 3.多亏了李颖,越来越多年轻的女孩爱上了足球。 ___________ _______ Li Ying, more and more young girls fall in love with soccer. 4.我不知道他是否会来参加我的生日聚会。 I don't know ____________ or not _______ _________ come to my birthday party. 5.我们不完全了解大脑是怎样构成的。 We do not _________ ______________ how the brain is formed. 6.很多人总是在寻找幸福。 Many people always _________ ________ ______________. 7.学生们常常要旅行数百英里才能到这儿。 Students often travel _____________ _______ miles to get here. 课文解析2 Developing ideas The circle of goodwill 1 It was just before 2:30 pm in my hometown, Wenchuan. I was having a music lesson at school. Suddenly, the ground shook hard and I was thrown to the floor. People were shouting all around me. I jumped to my feet and rushed outside. I was shocked to find all the other buildings were reduced to pieces. I was shaking all over with fear. Then, a pair of strong hands reached out to me - I was saved. 2 I can never forget those soldiers, firemen, doctors and nurses. Day and night, they raced against time to save as many people as possible. I was deeply touched by their courage and hard work. So I made up my mind to become one of them. And I did! I graduated from college and became a nurse. 3 One day, I heard another hospital needed support. Right away, I signed up to help. I still remembered the warmth of those helping hands 12 years ago. It was time for me to offer mine. 4 The work was by no means easy. The head nurse, Ye Man, gave me a lot of help. For me, she was a patient teacher and a kind friend. However, this wasn't the beginning of our connection. She had offered a helping hand to Wenchuan 12 years ago. Can you imagine my surprise? At that time she was my age, and also a new nurse, just like me! 5 Even today, I still feel lucky to have had such an amazing experience in life. Love leads to love, and so creates a circle of goodwill and kindness. 善意的循环 1 下午2点30分前，我身处家乡汶川。当时正在学校上音乐课，突然地面剧烈震动，我被甩倒在地。周围人群尖叫连连。我猛地站起身冲到室外，惊恐地发现其他建筑已化为废墟。全身因恐惧而颤抖。这时一双有力的手伸向我——我得救了。 2 我永远无法忘记那些士兵、消防员、医生和护士。他们日夜奋战，争分夺秒地抢救尽可能多的患者。他们的勇气与辛勤工作令我深受感动。因此，我决心成为其中一员。最终，我实现了这一目标！我完成了大学学业并成为一名护士。 3 有天，我得知另一家医院需要支援。当即报名参与。12年前那些伸出援手的温暖仍历历在目。此刻，我也该贡献自己的力量。 4 这项工作绝非易事。护士长叶曼给予了我诸多帮助。对我而言，她既是耐心的导师，也是亲切的朋友。然而，这并非我们缘分的开端。12年前，她曾向汶川伸出援手。您能想象我的惊讶吗？当时她与我同龄，也是一名新护士，与我如出一辙！5 即便在今天，我仍感到幸运能拥有如此非凡的人生经历。爱生爱，由此形成善意与仁慈的循环。 1.Day and night, they raced against time to save as many people as possible. 他们夜以继日地与时间赛跑， 尽可能多地救人。（教材P60） （1）against /əˈɡenst/ prep. 与……对抗 There is going to be a basketball game against Class Two this Sunday. 这周日有一场与二班的篮球对抗赛。 against作介词的其他常见含义： （2）as... as possible 尽可能……（两个as中间的形容词/副词用原级） 相当于“as... as one can/could”。 Hummingbirds fly around a few thousand flowers each day to get ( = as much food as they can) . 蜂鸟每天绕着数千朵花飞来飞去，以尽可能多地获取食物。 We need to get to the bus stop ( = as early as we can), or we’ll miss the first bus. 我们需要尽可能早地到达公共汽车站，否则会错过首班车。 2.So I made up my mind to become one of them. 所以，我下定决心成为他们中的一员。（教材P60） make up one’s mind 下定决心；做出决定 make up one’s mind to do sth.=decide to dosth.=make a decision to do sth.决定做某事 Claire win first prize. 克莱尔下定决心要赢得一等奖。 They gave me a week to . 他们给我一周的时间做决定。 3.I graduated from college and became a nurse. 大学毕业后我成了一名护士。（教材P60） graduate /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ v.大学毕业 （名词形式为graduation“毕业；毕业典礼”） graduate from 从……毕业 graduate in 毕业于……专业 Fan Jinshi made her first journey to Dunhuang in 1963, shortly after from university. 樊锦诗于1963年大学毕业不久后，首次前往敦煌。 He in physics from Peking University last year. 他去年毕业于北京大学物理学专业。 拓展［可数名词］大学毕业生 Many university go to work in the countryside to help villagers live a better life. 许多大学毕业生到农村工作，帮助村民过上更好的生活。 4.Right away, I signed up to help. 我立刻报名去帮忙。（教材P61） （1）right away 立即；马上 常见的同义词（组）：at once、in a second、in a moment、right now、in no time、immediately等。 —Timmy, your bedroom is dirty and untidy. 蒂米，你的卧室又脏又乱。 —Sorry, Mum. I’ll clean it right . 对不起，妈妈。我马上打扫。 （2）sign up 报名参加（课程等） 其后常接介词 for，引出报名的对象。 You have to before the deadline if you want to join the science club. 如果你想加入科学俱乐部，必须在截止日期前报名。 I’m thinking of up for a yoga course. 我在考虑报名参加一门瑜伽课。 拓展 sign up 还可意为“（使）签约受雇”。 The law firm signed her as a secretary. 这家律师事务所签约雇她担任秘书。 5.I still remembered the warmth of those helping hands 12 years ago. 我依然记得12年前那些援助之手带来的温暖。（教材P61） warmth/wɔ:mθ/ n.温暖 ［不可数名词］由“warm（adj. 温暖的）+ -th（名词后缀）”构成。 Sometimes just a simple “Hello!” can bring sunshine and into a lonely heart. 有时，一句简单的“你好！”就能为一颗孤独的心灵带来阳光与温暖。 She could feel the of the child’s hand in her own. 她能感觉到孩子的手在自己手中传来的暖意。 -th后缀常加在某些形容词或动词后，构成名词。 true (adj.真实的) →truth (n.真相) deep (adj.深的) →depth (n.深度) grow (v.成长) →growth (n.成长；生长) 6.The work was by no means easy. 这项工作绝非易事。（教材P61） means /mi:nz/ n.手段；方法；工具 means of (doing) sth./ to do sth. （做）……的手段/方法#1 For most people, the car is still their main of transport. 对大多数人来说，汽车仍是他们主要的交通工具。 Is there any of getting in contact with him?有没有什么方法可以联系到他？ We will use every possible to achieve our goal.我们将竭尽所能实现我们的目标。 拓展by no means 决不，一点儿都不 同义短语为not by any means/not at all。 It is by no means certain that the game will take place. 比赛是否会举行完全不能确定 7.She had offered a helping hand to Wenchuan 12 years ago. 12年前，她曾向汶川伸出援助之手。（教材P61） offer a helping hand 帮助，伸出援助之手 offer/give/lend a helping hand to sb.=offer/give/lend sb. a helping hand 帮助某人，向某人伸出援助之手 While developing itself, China never fails to offer a helping hand to its friends. 中国在自身发展的同时，始终不忘向朋友伸出援手。 拓展与“帮助”有关的其他短语： give/lend sb. a hand 帮助某人 reach out to sb. 向某人伸出援手 do sb. a favour 帮某人个忙 ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙 offer v.提供；主动提出 offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 Since last year, our school has free breakfasts to students in need. 从去年开始，我们学校就为需要帮助的学生提供免费早餐了。 I seldom have any difficulties in China. Many people to help me. 我在中国很少遇到困难。许多人会主动帮助我。 拓展［名词］主动提议；出价，报价帮助。 Will you accept their ? 你会接受他们的报价吗？ 8.Even today, I still feel lucky to have had such an amazing experience in life. 即便到了今天，我仍为生命中有这样一段奇妙的经历而感到幸运。（教材P61） lucky /ˈlʌki/ adj.运气好的，幸运的 be/feel lucky to do sth.做某事（感到）很幸运 I feel lucky to have a friend like you. 有像你这样的朋友，我感到很幸运。 I was so lucky that I could take such a picture. 我很幸运能拍出这样的照片。 拓展 Wish you good ! 祝你好运！ , with good preparation, we made the trip safe and sound. 幸运的是，由于准备充分，我们安然无恙地完成了这次旅行。 随堂训练 一.单项选择 1.The man is very rich and he is afraid that he may lose his one day. A.wealth　　　 B.fame　　　 C.energy　　　 D.time 2.She had weak lungs (肺) and could breathe. A.always　　     B.hardly　　　 C.clearly　　　 D.usually 3.—Who cooked the hot dry noodles for you? They’re delicious. — . I learned to cook them by myself on the Internet. A.Everybody　 B.Somebody C.Nobody 4.—Whose bag is this? —I think it Mike. This bag is blue and he likes blue best. A.belongs to　 B.agrees with C.waits for　　 D.talks about 二.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 1.他很虚弱,不能做那么累人的任务。 He was very weak and he couldn’t _________ _______ such a tiring task. 2.休息一会儿后,他们不得不继续他们的研究。 After resting for a while, they had to ____________ ______ _________ their research. 3.我的哥哥昨天没有去上学,因为他生病了。 My older brother didn’t go to school because he ____________ ______ yesterday. 三．任务型阅读 （24-25八年级下·天津河北·期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。 Rice is a very common food in life. Lots of people in Asia, Africa, and South America eat it every day. Some people eat almost nothing but rice. Farmers grow rice in many countries. But no one really knows where it first came from. Some scientists think that it started to grow in two places. They think that one kind of rice grew in Asia many years ago. According to (据……所说) some old books, people began to grow rice in China thousands of years ago. Another kind probably grew in West Africa. However, other scientists think that rice came from India, and Indian travellers took it to other parts of the world. Rice can grow in dry soil (土壤), but most rice grows in wet soil. People in many countries do all of the work of growing rice by hand. This is the same way farmers worked hundreds of years ago. In some countries, people now use machines (机器) on their rice farms. People use every part of the rice plant. They make animal feed and rice oil (油) from it. They make other useful things such as baskets, shoes and roofs (屋顶) for their houses from it. Also, they burn (燃烧) dry rice plants in fires for cooking. 1．Farmers grow rice in many countries, but no one really knows . 2．According to some old books, people began to grow . 3．People use their hands or machines on . 4．People of the rice plant. 5．People also burn for cooking. 单词背诵 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.excuse /ɪkˈskjuːz/ v. 原谅 2.excuse me劳驾（用于礼貌地引起他人注意，尤其是发问时） 3.purple /ˈpɜːpəl/ adj. 紫色的 4.crayon /ˈkreɪən/ n. 彩色蜡笔 5.five-year-old 　 adj. 五岁的 6.sunshine /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/ n. 阳光 7.virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒 8.afford /əˈfɔːd/ v. 买得起，付得起 9.disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 失望，扫兴，沮丧 10.X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ n. X光检查 11.treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗，诊治；疗法 12.pocket /ˈpɒkɪt/ n. 衣袋，口袋 13.pocket money 　 零花钱 14.illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 病，疾病 15.wheelchair /ˈwiːltʃeə/ n. 轮椅 16.public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj. 公众的，大众的 17.go public 　 公开，公之于众 18.mention /ˈmenʃən/ v. 提到，说起，谈到 19.directly /dəˈrektli/ adv. 直接地 20.solution /səˈluːʃən/ n. 解决，解决方法 21.bottle /ˈbɒtl/ n. 瓶子 22.a bottle of 　 一瓶 23.exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ n. 考试 24.dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ n. 对话，对白 25.flu /fluː/ n. 流行性感冒，流感 26.homeless /ˈhəʊmləs/ adj. 无家可归的 27.soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə/ n. 士兵，军人 28.fireman /ˈfaɪəmən/ n. 消防队员 29.against /əˈɡenst/ prep. 反对 30.graduate /ˈɡrædʒuːeɪt/ v. 大学毕业 31.college /ˈkɒlɪdʒ/ n. 大学；学院 32.goodwill /ˌɡʊdˈwɪl/ n. 好意，亲善，友善 33.warmth /wɔːmθ/ n. 温暖 34.means /miːnz/ n. 手段；方法；工具 35.by no means 　 绝不，一点儿都不 36.lucky /ˈlʌki/ adj. 运气好的，幸运的 $