Unit2语法讲解及习题：一般过去时的被动语态2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

外研英语八下Unit2语法讲解及习题 一般过去时的被动语态 一、语法讲解 1. 被动语态的本质与意义 核心逻辑：主动语态强调“谁做了动作”，被动语态强调“动作被施加到谁身上”。 当动作的发出者不明确、不重要，或我们想突出动作的承受者时，就会使用被动语态。 例如： 主动：A policewoman took her home.（强调女警察） 被动：She was taken home by a policewoman.（强调她） 2. 一般过去时被动语态核心结构表 时态 被动结构 核心用法 例句 一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作发出者) 过去发生的被动动作/过去的状态 1. A yellow band was attached to her wrist. 2. She was taken home by a policewoman. 3. My phone was taken away by my dad. 重点提示： 主语为单数时用 was，主语为复数时用 were。 by + 动作发出者 可省略，尤其是当发出者不明确或不重要时。 3. 主动变被动的完整步骤 找宾语：把主动句的宾语（动作的承受者）变成被动句的主语。 例：Betty's dad didn't allow her to have a lazy day. → She 成为主语 变谓语：把主动句的谓语动词变为“was/were + 过去分词”，时态保持一致。 例：didn't allow → wasn't allowed 加by短语：把主动句的主语（动作发出者）变为by的宾语，置于句末（可省略）。 例：by Betty's dad 完整转换示例： 主动：Betty's dad didn't allow her to have a lazy day on the sofa. 被动：She wasn't allowed to have a lazy day on the sofa by Betty's dad. 4. 动词过去分词变化规则表 变化类型 规则 示例 规则变化 一般动词直接加-ed clean → cleaned 规则变化 以e结尾加-d like → liked 规则变化 辅音+y结尾变y为i加-ed carry → carried 不规则变化 需单独记忆 do → done / see → seen / write → written / take → taken 二、习题 Ⅰ. 句型转换：主动变被动 1. Betty’s dad didn’t allow her to have a lazy day on the sofa. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Robert’s mum turned down his idea of hiking alone in the mountains. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Sarah’s parents hid her birthday presents in their bedroom. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. A policewoman took the girl home. _____________________________________________________________________ 5. They built a new playground last year. _____________________________________________________________________ 6. The teacher praised him for his progress. _____________________________________________________________________ 7. We finished the project last month. _____________________________________________________________________ 8. He broke the window with a ball. _____________________________________________________________________ 9. She wrote a letter to her friend. _____________________________________________________________________ 10. They invited us to the party. _____________________________________________________________________ 11. My dad took my phone away. _____________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ. 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空（12题） 1. I actually use it for many important things. But now I ____________ (cut off) from them! 2. A lot of the research ____________ (do) on my phone. 3. I’m afraid that too much of your time ____________ (spend) on your phone. 4. At times, your attention ____________ (draw) away during family meals. 5. The yellow band ____________ (attach) to her wrist. 6. The old house ____________ (pull) down last year. 7. The problem ____________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 8. The book ____________ (write) by a famous writer in 2020. 9. The sports meeting ____________ (hold) last month. 10. The flowers ____________ (water) by my father yesterday morning. 11. The classroom ____________ (clean) by the students after school. 12. The plan ____________ (carry) out last week. Ⅲ. 单项选择（10题） 1. A new bridge ______ over the river last year. A. built B. was built C. is built D. will be built 2. The classroom ______ by the students after school yesterday. A. cleaned B. was cleaned C. is cleaned D. cleans 3. English ______ in many countries last century. A. was spoken B. is spoken C. spoke D. was speaking 4. The sports meeting ______ last month. A. held B. was held C. is held D. will be held 5. The problem ______ at the meeting yesterday. A. discussed B. was discussed C. is discussed D. discusses 6. The book ______ by a famous writer in 2019. A. wrote B. is written C. was written D. writes 7. The project ______ by the end of last year. A. finished B. was finished C. is finished D. will be finished 8. The flowers ______ by my father yesterday morning. A. watered B. were watered C. are watered D. water 9. A new hospital ______ in our city last year. A. built B. was built C. is built D. will be built 10. The plan ______ at the meeting yesterday. A. discussed B. was discussed C. discusses D. is discussed 三、答案与解析 Ⅰ. 句型转换答案 1. She wasn’t allowed to have a lazy day on the sofa by Betty's dad. 2. His idea of hiking alone in the mountains was turned down by Robert's mum. 3. Her birthday presents were hidden in their bedroom by Sarah's parents. 4. The girl was taken home by a policewoman. 5. A new playground was built by them last year. 6. He was praised by the teacher for his progress. 7. The project was finished by us last month. 8. The window was broken by him with a ball. 9. A letter was written to her friend by her. 10. We were invited to the party by them. 11. My phone was taken away by my dad. Ⅱ. 动词填空答案 1. am cut off（一般现在时被动，表“被隔绝”） 2. was done（一般过去时被动，research为不可数名词） 3. was spent（一般过去时被动，time为不可数名词） 4. was drawn（一般过去时被动，attention为不可数名词） 5. was attached（一般过去时被动，band为单数） 6. was pulled（一般过去时被动，house为单数） 7. was discussed（一般过去时被动，problem为单数） 8. was written（一般过去时被动，book为单数） 9. was held（一般过去时被动，meeting为单数） 10. were watered（一般过去时被动，flowers为复数） 11. was cleaned（一般过去时被动，classroom为单数） 12. was carried（一般过去时被动，plan为单数） Ⅲ. 单项选择答案与解析 1. B — 一般过去时被动，桥是“被建造”的对象，用was built。 2. B — 一般过去时被动，教室是“被打扫”的对象，用was cleaned。 3. A — 一般过去时被动，英语是“被说”的对象，用was spoken。 4. B — 一般过去时被动，运动会是“被举办”的对象，用was held。 5. B — 一般过去时被动，问题是“被讨论”的对象，用was discussed。 6. C — 一般过去时被动，书是“被写”的对象，用was written。 7. B — 一般过去时被动，项目是“被完成”的对象，用was finished。 8. B — 一般过去时被动，花是“被浇水”的对象，用were watered。 9. B — 一般过去时被动，医院是“被建造”的对象，用was built。 10. B — 一般过去时被动，计划是“被讨论”的对象，用was discussed。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $