第1讲 Unit 1 Past and present 单元核心知识(新课抢先学)-【优秀生培养计划-巩固与提升】2026年 八年级寒假作业 快人一步系列(新教材译林版)

2026-02-04
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语译林版八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 1 Past and present
类型 学案-学习任务单
知识点 -
使用场景 寒暑假-寒假
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2026-02-04
更新时间 2026-02-04
作者 乐思英语精品馆
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-02-04
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优秀生培养计划 第1讲 Unit 1 Past and present(新教材译林版) 内容提要 高频词汇 常考短语 重点句型 核心语法 1. convenient /kənˈviːniənt/adj. 方便的  核心含义:指某事容易做、节省时间或不麻烦。  常见搭配:be convenient for sb.(对某人来说方便)、be convenient to do sth.(做某事方便)  例句:It is convenient for me to go to school by underground.(乘地铁去上学对我来说很方便。)  拓展:反义词为 inconvenient(不方便的),副词形式为 conveniently(方便地)  练习题: 1. Is it convenient ______ you to meet us at 3 p.m. tomorrow? A. for B. to C. with D. at 2. My new phone is very ______; I can check my homework anywhere. A. hopeful B. crowded C. recent D. convenient 3. It's ______ to take the bus here because there are few stops. A. convenient B. inconvenient C. convenience D. conveniently  答案与解析: 1. A 解析:固定搭配 be convenient for sb. 表示 “对某人来说方便”,故选 A。 2. D 解析:根据句意 “我的新手机很______,我可以在任何地方检查作业”,结合选项,convenient(方便的)符合语境,故选 D。 3. B 解析:由 “这里公交站很少” 可知,乘公交应该是 “不方便的”,inconvenient 是 convenient 的反义词,符合句意,故选 B。 2. crowded /ˈkraʊdɪd/adj. 拥挤的  核心含义:形容人、车辆等数量多,空间狭小。  常见搭配:be crowded with(挤满……)  例句:The shopping mall is always crowded with people on weekends.(周末购物中心总是挤满了人。)  拓展:名词形式为 crowd(人群),常用短语 a crowd of(一群……)  练习题: 1. The train was so ______ that I couldn't find a seat. A. convenient B. crowded C. wide D. excellent 2. The park is crowded ______ children on Children's Day. A. with B. of C. in D. for 3. There was a ______ crowd of people at the concert. A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowds  答案与解析: 1. B 解析:根据 “我找不到座位” 可知,火车是 “拥挤的”,crowded 符合语境,故选 B。 2. A 解析:固定搭配 be crowded with 表示 “挤满……”,句意 “儿童节那天公园里挤满了孩子”,故选 A。 3. C 解析:此处需要形容词修饰名词 crowd,crowded 作形容词时可表示 “拥挤的”,a crowded crowd 表示 “一群拥挤的人”,故选 C。 3. recent /ˈriːsnt/adj. 近来的,新近的  核心含义:指发生或出现于不久前的。  常见搭配:in recent years(近年来)、a recent study(近期的研究)  例句:She has made great progress in her English in recent months.(近几个月她的英语进步很大。)  拓展:副词形式为 recently(最近),常与现在完成时连用  练习题: 1. We have had many ______ changes in our school. A. recent B. recently C. convenient D. crowded 2. He has visited his grandparents ______ times this month. A. recent B. lately C. several recent D. recent several 3. ______ news says that our team won the game. A. Recent B. Recently C. Recents D. Recentness  答案与解析: 1. A 解析:此处需要形容词修饰名词 changes,recent(近来的)符合语境,句意 “我们学校最近有很多变化”,故选 A。 2. C 解析:times 是名词,需要形容词修饰,recent 可修饰 times,several 修饰 recent times 表示 “最近几次”,故选 C。 3. A 解析:此处需要形容词修饰名词 news,recent(近期的)符合句意 “近期消息称我们队赢了比赛”,故选 A。 4. already /ɔːlˈredi/adv. 已经,早已  核心含义:表示动作在预期之前完成。  用法:常用于肯定句,也可用于疑问句(表示惊讶),位于助动词之后、实义动词之前。  例句:I have already finished my homework before dinner.(晚饭前我已经完成了作业。)  拓展:与 yet 辨析,yet 常用于否定句和疑问句,位于句末  练习题: 1. They ______ arrived at the station when we got there. A. already B. yet C. recently D. just 2. Has she ______ told you the good news? A. never B. yet C. just D. already 3. I have ______ seen that movie twice. A. yet B. already C. recent D. lately  答案与解析: 1. A 解析:肯定句中表示 “已经” 用 already,句意 “我们到的时候他们已经到达车站了”,故选 A。 2. D 解析:疑问句中用 already 表示惊讶,句意 “她已经告诉你这个好消息了吗?”,yet 用于疑问句时位于句末,故选 D。 3. B 解析:肯定句中表示 “已经” 用 already,句意 “那部电影我已经看了两次了”,故选 B。 5. yet /jet/adv. 尚(未),还  核心含义:表示动作尚未发生,多用于否定句和疑问句。  用法:位于句末或助动词与实义动词之间(疑问句中)。  例句:I haven't finished my report yet.(我还没完成我的报告。)  拓展:与 already 辨析,already 用于肯定句,yet 用于否定句和疑问句  练习题: 1. Have you finished your homework ______? A. already B. yet C. just D. ever 2. He hasn't replied to my message ______. A. yet B. already C. recently D. just 3. They haven't visited the new park ______, but they plan to go next week. A. already B. ever C. yet D. never  答案与解析: 1. B 解析:疑问句中表示 “还(未)” 用 yet,位于句末,句意 “你完成作业了吗?”,故选 B。 2. A 解析:否定句中表示 “还(未)” 用 yet,句意 “他还没回复我的消息”,故选 A。 3. C 解析:否定句中表示 “还(未)” 用 yet,句意 “他们还没去过那个新公园,但计划下周去”,故选 C。 6. since /sɪns/prep. & conj. 自…… 以来  核心含义:表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在。  用法:后接时间点、一段时间 + ago 或一般过去时的从句,常与现在完成时连用。  例句:I have lived in this city since 2010.(自从 2010 年我就住在这座城市了。)  拓展:还可作副词,意为 “从那以后”  练习题: 1. We have been friends ______ we were in primary school. A. for B. since C. ago D. before 2. He hasn't seen his parents ______ three years ago. A. for B. yet C. already D. since 3. ______ last month, she has been learning to play the piano. A. For B. Since C. Yet D. Just  答案与解析: 1. B 解析:从句 we were in primary school 是一般过去时,since 后接一般过去时从句,表 “自从…… 以来”,故选 B。 2. D 解析:three years ago 是时间点,since 后接时间点,表 “自从三年前以来”,故选 D。 3. B 解析:last month 是时间点,since 后接时间点,表 “自从上个月以来”,句意 “自从上个月,她一直在学弹钢琴”,故选 B。 7. develop /dɪˈveləp/v. 发展;开发(文档中对应名词 development,此处补充动词形式便于学习)  核心含义:指事物逐渐成长、进步;或对资源、产品等进行开发。  常见搭配:develop quickly(快速发展)、develop a habit(养成习惯)、develop technology(开发技术)  例句:The small village has developed into a modern town.(这个小村庄已经发展成了一个现代化的城镇。)  拓展:名词形式为 development(发展),形容词形式为 developing(发展中的)、developed(发达的)  练习题: 1. Our country is ______ very quickly in recent years. A. develop B. developed C. developing D. development 2. We need to ______ new ways to solve this problem. A. develop B. development C. developing D. developed 3. This is a ______ country with advanced technology. A. developing B. developed C. development D. develop  答案与解析: 1. C 解析:由 in recent years 可知用现在进行时,be + 现在分词,developing 表示 “正在发展”,故选 C。 2. A 解析:need to do sth. 后接动词原形,develop 为动词,表 “开发;想出”,句意 “我们需要想出新方法来解决这个问题”,故选 A。 3. 解析:由 “拥有先进技术” 可知,这是一个 “发达的” 国家,developed 表示 “发达的”,故选 B。 8. excellent /ˈeksələnt/adj. 优秀的,杰出的,极好的  核心含义:形容人或事物质量高、水平出众。  常见搭配:excellent grades(优异的成绩)、an excellent idea(好主意)、be excellent at(擅长……)  例句:She is an excellent student who always gets good marks.(她是一名优秀的学生,总是取得好成绩。)  拓展:副词形式为 excellently(出色地)  练习题: 1. The teacher praised him for his ______ performance in the exam. A. excellent B. well C. excellently D. good 2. He is ______ at playing basketball and often wins matches. A. excellent B. good C. both A and B D. well 3. What an ______ trip! We all had a great time. A. excellent B. crowded C. convenient D. recent  答案与解析: 1. A 解析:此处需要形容词修饰名词 performance,excellent(优秀的)符合语境,句意 “老师表扬了他在考试中的出色表现”,故选 A。 2. C 解析:be excellent at 和 be good at 均表示 “擅长……”,为固定搭配,故选 C。 3. A 解析:根据 “我们都玩得很开心” 可知,这是一次 “极好的” 旅行,excellent 符合句意,故选 A。 9. public /ˈpʌblɪk/adj. 公共的;公众的 n. 民众  核心含义:形容词意为 “供大家使用的、涉及公众的”;名词意为 “社会大众”。  常见搭配:public transport(公共交通)、public places(公共场所)、the public(公众)  例句:It's our duty to keep public places clean.(保持公共场所清洁是我们的责任。)  拓展:副词形式为 publicly(公开地)  练习题: 1. The park is a ______ place where everyone can go. A. secret B. private C. personal D. public 2. The ______ are interested in the new policy. A. public B. publics C. people D. person 3. We should respect the ______ opinion. A. public B. publics C. publicly D. publically  答案与解析: 1. D 解析:根据 “每个人都可以去” 可知,公园是 “公共的” 地方,public 符合语境,故选 D。 2. A 解析:the public 表示 “公众”,为集合名词,谓语动词可用单数或复数,句意 “公众对这项新政策感兴趣”,故选 A。 3. A 解析:此处需要形容词修饰名词 opinion,public(公众的)符合句意 “我们应该尊重公众的意见”,故选 A。 10. key /kiː/n. 关键;键,琴键 adj. 关键的  核心含义:名词意为 “事物的关键、钥匙等”;形容词意为 “起决定性作用的”。  常见搭配:the key to(…… 的关键)、a key point(关键点)、key technology(关键技术)  例句:Hard work is the key to success.(努力是成功的关键。)  练习题: 1. What's the ______ to solving this math problem? A. key B. way C. method D. approach 2. This is a ______ moment for our team; we must win. A. necessary B. important C. key D. useful 3. She turned the ______ and opened the door. A. key B. lock C. handle D. knob  答案与解析: 1. A 解析:固定搭配 the key to doing sth. 表示 “做某事的关键”,句意 “解决这道数学题的关键是什么?”,故选 A。 2. C 解析:此处需要形容词修饰名词 moment,key(关键的)符合语境,important 前需加 an,故选C。 3. A 解析:turn the key 表示 “转动钥匙”,句意 “她转动钥匙打开了门”,故选 A。 11. move /muːv/v. 移动;搬家 n. 改变,转变,动摇  核心含义:动词意为 “改变位置、搬迁”;名词意为 “变化、变动”。  常见搭配:move to(搬到……)、move away(搬走)、a big move(重大转变)  例句:We are going to move to a new house next month.(我们下个月要搬到新房子去。)  拓展:名词形式还有 movement(运动;活动)  练习题: 1. They decided to ______ to the southern city because of work. A. moved B. moving C. movement D. move 2. His ______ to study abroad surprised all his friends. A. move B. moving C. moved D. movement 3. Could you please ______ the chair to the corner? A. move B. moving C. movement D. moved  答案与解析: 1. D 解析:decide to do sth. 后接动词原形,move to 表示 “搬到……”,句意 “因为工作他们决定搬到南方城市”,故选 D。 2. A 解析:此处需要名词作主语,move 作名词时表示 “转变;行动”,句意 “他出国留学的决定让所有朋友都很惊讶”,故选 A。 3. A 解析:Could you please 后接动词原形,move 表示 “移动”,句意 “你能把椅子移到角落吗?”,故选 A。 12. lead /liːd/v. 引领;领导 n. 领先地位;负责人;主演  核心含义:动词意为 “带领、引导”;名词意为 “领先、领袖”。  常见搭配:lead the way(带路)、lead a team(领导一个团队)、take the lead(领先)  例句:She will lead our class to take part in the school competition.(她将带领我们班参加学校的比赛。)  拓展:过去式和过去分词为 led(注意拼写),名词形式 leader(领袖)  练习题: 1. Who will ______ the group to visit the museum tomorrow? A. lead B. take C. guide D. direct 2. He has ______ the company for ten years. A. lead B. led C. leading D. leads 3. Our team is in the ______ in the match now. A. lead B. leading C. leader D. leads  答案与解析: 1. A 解析:lead the group 表示 “带领团队”,为常用搭配,句意 “明天谁会带领小组去参观博物馆?”,故选 A。 2. B 解析:由 for ten years 可知用现在完成时,have + 过去分词,lead 的过去分词为 led,故选 B。 3. A 解析:in the lead 表示 “领先”,为固定短语,句意 “我们队现在在比赛中处于领先地位”,故选 A。 13. wealth /welθ/n. 大量,丰富;财富  核心含义:指物质上的财富或抽象的 “丰富、大量”。  常见搭配:a wealth of(大量的)、accumulate wealth(积累财富)、spiritual wealth(精神财富)  例句:The library has a wealth of books on history.(这个图书馆有大量关于历史的书籍。)  拓展:形容词形式为 wealthy(富有的)  练习题: 1. He spent his whole life pursuing ______ and fame. A. wealth B. wealthy C. wealthily D. wealthiness 2. The old man is very ______ and often helps the poor. A. wealth B. wealthy C. wealthily D. wealthiness 3. There is a ______ of information on the Internet. A. number B. many C. lot D. wealth  答案与解析: 1. A 解析:pursue 后接名词作宾语,wealth(财富)符合句意 “他一生都在追求财富和名声”,故选 A。 2. B 解析:此处需要形容词作表语,wealthy(富有的)符合语境,句意 “这位老人很富有,经常帮助穷人”,故选 B。 3. D 解析:固定搭配 a wealth of 表示 “大量的”,后接不可数名词,information 为不可数名词,故选 D。 14. hopeful /ˈhəʊpfl/adj. 抱有希望,满怀希望  核心含义:形容人对某事充满期待,认为会有好结果。  常见搭配:be hopeful about(对…… 抱有希望)、a hopeful sign(一个充满希望的迹象)  例句:We are hopeful about the future of our city.(我们对城市的未来充满希望。)  拓展:副词形式为 hopefully(有希望地),名词形式为 hope(希望)  练习题: 1. She is ______ that she will pass the exam. A. hopeful B. hope C. hopefully D. hopeless 2. Everyone feels ______ about the new plan. A. hope B. hopeless C. hopeful D. hopefully 3. ______ , we can finish the project on time. A. Hopeful B. Hopefully C. Hope D. Hopeless  答案与解析: 1. A 解析:此处需要形容词作表语,be hopeful that 从句表示 “对…… 抱有希望”,句意 “她有希望通过考试”,故选 A。 2. C 解析:根据句意 “每个人都对新计划感到_______”,hopeful(充满希望的)符合语境,hopeless 表示 “绝望的”,故选 C。 3. B 解析:此处需要副词修饰整个句子,hopefully(有希望地)符合句意 “有希望的是,我们能按时完成项目”,故选 B。 15. wide /waɪd/adj. 宽的,宽阔的  核心含义:形容物体的宽度大,或空间开阔。  常见搭配:a wide road(宽阔的道路)、wide eyes(睁大的眼睛)、wide open(完全敞开的)  例句:The river is about 50 meters wide.(这条河大约 50 米宽。)  拓展:副词形式为 widely(广泛地),注意与 wide 副词用法区分(wide 表 “宽阔地”,widely 表 “广泛地”)  练习题: 1. There is a ______ street in front of our school. A. widen B. widely C. width D. wide 2. She opened her eyes ______ when she heard the good news. A. wide B. widely C. width D. widen 3. English is ______ used all over the world. A. wide B. widely C. wide open D. widen  答案与解析: 1. D 解析:此处需要形容词修饰名词 street,wide(宽阔的)符合句意 “我们学校前面有一条宽阔的街道”,故选 D。 2. A 解析:open one's eyes wide 表示 “睁大眼睛”,wide 作副词时表 “宽阔地;充分地”,故选 A。 3. B 解析:此处需要副词修饰动词 used,widely 表示 “广泛地”,句意 “英语在全世界被广泛使用”,故选 B。 1. the key to …… 的关键  核心用法:to 为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词形式。  例句:Practice is the key to mastering English.(练习是掌握英语的关键。)  拓展:类似结构还有 the answer to(…… 的答案)、the way to(…… 的路)  练习题: 1. What's the key to __________ (solve) this problem?(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. Hard work is the key ______ success. A. of B. to C. for D. in  答案与解析: 1. solving 解析:the key to 中 to 为介词,后接动名词形式,故填 solving。 2. B 解析:固定搭配 the key to 表示 “…… 的关键”,句意 “努力是成功的关键”,故选 B。 2. over the years 多年来  核心用法:常与现在完成时连用,表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。  例句:Over the years, he has collected a lot of stamps.(多年来,他收集了很多邮票。)  拓展:类似时间短语还有 over the last 40 years(在过去的 40 年里)、in the past few years(在过去的几年里)  练习题: 1. Over the years, our hometown __________ (change) a lot.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. Many great changes have taken place ______ the years. A. over B. for C. in D. during  答案与解析: 1. has changed 解析:over the years 与现在完成时连用,主语 our hometown 为单数,故填 has changed。 2. A 解析:固定短语 over the years 表示 “多年来”,句意 “这些年来发生了很多巨大的变化”,故选 A。 3. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事  核心用法:表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,现在已不再如此,否定形式为 used not to do sth. 或 didn't use to do sth.。  例句:She used to walk to school, but now she goes by bike.(她过去常常步行上学,但现在骑自行车去。)  拓展:be used to doing sth. 表示 “习惯于做某事”,to 为介词  练习题: 1. He __________ (use) to play football after school, but now he studies hard.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. They didn't use to __________ (eat) fast food, but now they eat it often.(用所给词的适当形式填空)  答案与解析: 1. used 解析:used to do sth. 表示 “过去常常做某事”,句意 “他过去放学后常常踢足球,但现在他努力学习”,故填 used。 2. eat 解析:didn't use to 后接动词原形,句意 “他们过去不常吃快餐,但现在经常吃”,故填 eat。 4. thanks to 多亏了;由于  核心用法:后接名词、代词或名词短语,表示原因,多含积极意味。  例句:Thanks to his help, I finished the work on time.(多亏了他的帮助,我按时完成了工作。)  拓展:类似短语还有 because of(因为),后接名词或名词短语  练习题: 1. Thanks to __________ (your, you) support, we won the game.(选择适当的词填空) 2. ______ the bad weather, we had to cancel the picnic. A. Thanks to B. Because of C. As D. Since  答案与解析: 1. your 解析:此处需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词 support,故填 your。 2. B 解析:句意 “由于糟糕的天气,我们不得不取消野餐”,thanks to 多表积极原因,because of 可表任意原因,故选 B。 5. fall in love with 爱上  核心用法:后接名词或代词,强调瞬间产生的喜爱之情。  例句:She fell in love with the beautiful city at first sight.(她第一眼就爱上了这座美丽的城市。)  拓展:可用于表示爱上人、地方或事物  练习题: 1. He __________ (fall) in love with reading when he was a child.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. They fell in love ______ each other during the trip. A. with B. to C. for D. at  答案与解析: 1. fell 解析:由 when he was a child 可知用一般过去时,fall 的过去式为 fell,故填 fell。 2. A 解析:固定搭配 fall in love with 表示 “爱上……”,句意 “他们在旅行中爱上了彼此”,故选 A。 6. make a living by 以…… 为生  核心用法:by 为介词,后接动名词形式,表示谋生的方式。  例句:His grandfather makes a living by fishing.(他的爷爷以捕鱼为生。)  拓展:也可表达为 earn a living by  练习题: 1. Many people make a living by __________ (sell) vegetables in the market.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. She makes a living ______ teaching English. A. by B. with C. through D. in  答案与解析: 1. selling 解析:by 为介词,后接动名词形式,故填 selling。 2. A 解析:固定搭配 make a living by 表示 “以…… 为生”,句意 “她以教英语为生”,故选 A。 7. at an amazing speed 以惊人的速度  核心用法:speed 为名词,“速度”,at + 速度 表示 “以…… 速度”。  例句:The new train runs at an amazing speed.(这列新火车以惊人的速度行驶。)  拓展:常见搭配还有 at a high speed(以高速)、at a low speed(以低速)  练习题: 1. The city has developed ______ an amazing speed in recent years. A. at B. with C. in D. on 2. The car passed us ______ a high speed. A. at B. with C. by D. in  答案与解析: 1. A 解析:固定搭配 at an amazing speed 表示 “以惊人的速度”,句意 “这座城市近年来以惊人的速度发展”,故选 A。 2. A 解析:at a high speed 表示 “以高速”,句意 “那辆车高速从我们身边驶过”,故选 A。 8. turn...into... 把…… 变成……  核心用法:后接名词或代词,强调将某物或某人转变为另一种状态或事物。  例句:People have turned the wasteland into a park.(人们把荒地变成了公园。)  拓展:类似短语还有 change...into...  练习题: 1. The magician turned the rabbit ______ a bird. A. into B. to C. in D. for 2. We can turn water ______ ice when the temperature is below zero. A. into B. to C. for D. with  答案与解析: 1. A 解析:固定搭配 turn...into... 表示 “把…… 变成……”,句意 “魔术师把兔子变成了一只鸟”,故选 A。 2. A 解析:turn water into ice 表示 “把水变成冰”,句意 “当温度低于零度时,我们可以把水变成冰”,故选 A。 9. take place 发生  核心用法:不及物动词短语,无被动语态,强调有计划、有安排地发生。  例句:Great changes have taken place in our school since last year.(自从去年以来,我们学校发生了巨大的变化。)  拓展:与 happen 辨析,happen 强调偶然发生  练习题: 1. Many important events __________ (take) place in 2023.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. When did the accident ______? A. take place B. happen C. occur D. break out  答案与解析: 1. took 解析:由 in 2023 可知用一般过去时,take place 的过去式为 took place,故填 took。 2. B 解析:accident(事故)为偶然发生的事情,用 happen;take place 强调有计划发生,occur 为正式用语,break out 多指灾难等爆发,故选 B。 10. in the past few years 在过去的几年里  核心用法:常与现在完成时连用,表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。  例句:He has made great progress in English in the past few years.(在过去的几年里,他的英语取得了很大进步。)  拓展:类似短语还有 over the past few years  练习题: 1. In the past few years, we __________ (build) many new schools in our city.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. Many trees __________ (plant) in our town in the past few years.(用所给词的适当形式填空)  答案与解析: 1. have built 解析:in the past few years 与现在完成时连用,主语 we 为复数,故填 have built。 2. have been planted 解析:trees 与 plant 之间为被动关系,且 in the past few years 与现在完成时连用,故填 have been planted。 11. be active in 积极参与;在…… 方面积极  核心用法:后接名词或动名词形式,表示在某件事或某个领域表现积极。  例句:She is active in helping her classmates with their studies.(她积极帮助同学学习。)  拓展:active 为形容词,“积极的”,反义词为 inactive(不积极的)  练习题: 1. He is active in __________ (organize) school activities.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. My brother is active ______ sports and often plays basketball. A. in B. at C. on D. for  答案与解析: 1. organizing 解析:be active in 中 in 为介词,后接动名词形式,故填 organizing。 2. A 解析:固定搭配 be active in 表示 “在…… 方面积极”,句意 “我哥哥积极参与体育运动,经常打篮球”,故选 A。 12. improve the quality of life 提高生活质量  核心用法:quality 为名词,“质量;品质”,the quality of life 表示 “生活质量”。  例句:The government is trying to improve the quality of life for citizens.(政府正努力提高市民的生活质量。)  拓展:improve 为动词,“提高;改善”,常见搭配还有 improve skills(提高技能)、improve health(改善健康)  练习题: 1. The new policy helps __________ (improve) the quality of life for old people.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. We should try our best to improve ______ quality of life. A. a B. the C. / D. an  答案与解析: 1. (to) improve 解析:help (to) do sth. 表示 “帮助做某事”,to 可省略,故填 (to) improve。 2. B 解析:固定短语 the quality of life 表示 “生活质量”,此处为特指,故填 the。 1. Many changes have taken place in Sunshine Town over the last 40 years.  句意翻译:阳光镇在过去的 40 年里发生了许多变化。  句型结构:主语(Many changes)+ 现在完成时谓语(have taken place)+ 地点状语(in Sunshine Town)+ 时间状语(over the last 40 years) o 关键知识点:take place 为不及物动词短语,无被动语态;over the last 40 years 与现在完成时连用。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:我们城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化。  Our city ________ _________ __________ ______________ over the past ten years.  答案与解析:  have changed a lot 解析:“发生变化” 可用 change 表达,结合时间状语 “在过去的十年里”,用现在完成时 have changed,“巨大变化” 用 a lot 体现。 2. Thanks to the support from the government and the hard work of the citizens, the living conditions in Sunshine Town have improved a lot.  句意翻译:多亏了政府的支持和市民的辛勤努力,阳光镇的生活条件改善了很多。  句型结构:原因状语(Thanks to the support...and the hard work...)+ 主语(the living conditions)+ 地点状语(in Sunshine Town)+ 现在完成时谓语(have improved)+ 程度状语(a lot) o 关键知识点:thanks to 引导原因状语;“the + 名词 + from/of...” 表示 “…… 的……”。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:多亏了老师的帮助,他进步很大。  Thanks to the teacher's help, he ________ _________ __________.  答案与解析:  has improved greatly 解析:“进步” 用 improve 表达,结合语境用现在完成时 has improved,“很大” 用 greatly 修饰。 3. It has risen to become an important centre for technology industries in the world and is home to many tech giants.  句意翻译:它已崛起成为全球重要的科技产业中心,也是众多科技巨头的所在地。  句型结构:主语(It)+ 现在完成时谓语(has risen)+ 不定式作目的状语(to become an important centre...)+ 并列谓语(is)+ 表语(home to many tech giants) o 关键知识点:rise to do sth. 表示 “崛起成为……”;be home to 表示 “是…… 的所在地 / 家园”。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:这座小镇已成为受欢迎的旅游胜地。  This small town ________ _________ __________ ________ tourist attraction.  答案与解析:  has become a popular 解析:“已成为” 用现在完成时 has become,“受欢迎的” 用 popular 修饰,后接 tourist attraction 完整表达 “旅游胜地”。 4. Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed and has become a symbol of China’s development.  句意翻译:自 20 世纪 70 年代末以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展,成为了中国发展的象征。  句型结构:时间状语(Since the late 1970s)+ 主语(Shenzhen)+ 现在完成时并列谓语(has developed...and has become...)+ 状语(at an amazing speed)+ 表语(a symbol of China’s development) o 关键知识点:since 引导时间状语,与现在完成时连用;at an amazing speed 作方式状语。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:自从 2010 年以来,我的家乡发展很快。  Since 2010, my hometown ________ _________ __________.  答案与解析:  has developed quickly 解析:“发展” 用 develop 表达,since 引导时间状语需用现在完成时 has developed,“很快” 用 quickly 修饰。 5. When you step onto the wide, clean roads of Starlight Village, you will see rows of new houses, tall trees and beautiful flowers.  句意翻译:当你踏上星光村宽阔干净的道路,会看到一排排新房子、高大的树木和美丽的花朵。  句型结构:时间状语从句(When you step onto...)+ 主句(you will see rows of new houses...and beautiful flowers) o 关键知识点:when 引导时间状语从句,遵循 “主将从现” 原则;rows of 表示 “一排排的”。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:当你走进公园,会看到很多花。  When you walk into the park, you ________ _________ __________ _________.  答案与解析:  will see many flowers 解析:遵循 “主将从现” 原则,主句用一般将来时 will see,“很多花” 用 many flowers 表达。 6. “Electric buses produce less air pollution and make little noise, and now people here are enjoying a cleaner environment,” said a city planner.  句意翻译:一位城市规划师说:“电动公交车产生的空气污染更少,噪音也小,现在这里的人们正享受着更清洁的环境。”  句型结构:直接引语(Electric buses produce...and make...and now people...are enjoying...)+ 主句(said a city planner) o 关键知识点:直接引语中包含并列分句;less 为 little 的比较级,修饰不可数名词;cleaner 为 clean 的比较级。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:学生们正享受着更安静的教室。  The students ________ _________ __________ _________ classroom.  答案与解析:  are enjoying a quieter 解析:“正享受着” 用现在进行时 are enjoying,“更安静的” 用 quieter 修饰,后接 classroom 完整表达 “教室”。 7. We have learned English for 7 years.  句意翻译:我们已经学了 7 年英语了。  句型结构:主语(We)+ 现在完成时谓语(have learned)+ 宾语(English)+ 时间状语(for 7 years) o 关键知识点:for + 一段时间,与现在完成时连用,表示动作持续的时间。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:他已经住在这里 5 年了。  He ________ _________ __________ _________ five years.  答案与解析:  has lived here for 解析:“已经住在这里” 用现在完成时 has lived here,“5 年了” 用 for 5 years 表达,此处填入 has lived here for。 8. It’s so dark. Someone has turned off the light.  句意翻译:天这么黑,有人把灯关了。  句型结构:前句(It’s so dark.)+ 后句(主语 Someone + 现在完成时谓语 has turned off + 宾语 the light) o 关键知识点:现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响(天变黑是因为灯被关了);turn off 表示 “关闭”。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:杯子是空的,他已经喝光了水。  The cup is empty. He ________ _________ __________ _________.  答案与解析:  has drunk the water 解析:“已经喝光了” 用现在完成时 has drunk,“水” 用 the water 表达,“喝光” 通过语境自然体现。 核心语法精讲(现在完成时) 1. 定义  表示过去已发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 o 例句:I have lost my pen. I can't write now.(我把笔丢了,现在不能写字了。)  表示从过去持续到现在,有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。 o 例句:She has lived in Beijing since 2015.(自从 2015 年她就住在北京了,现在可能还住着。) 2. 构成与句式  构成:主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词(done) o 注意:主语为第一、二人称单复数及第三人称复数时用 have;主语为第三人称单数时用 has。  句式结构: 句式 结构示例 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 They have visited the museum.(他们已经参观了博物馆。) 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他 They haven't visited the museum.(他们还没参观博物馆。) 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? Have they visited the museum?(他们参观博物馆了吗?) 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + have/has. Yes, they have.(是的,他们参观了。) 否定回答 No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. No, they haven't.(不,他们没参观。) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? How many times have they visited the museum?(他们参观过博物馆多少次?) 3. 过去分词的变化规则  规则变化: 1. 一般情况:词尾加 - ed(如:work - worked, play - played) 2. 以 e 结尾:词尾加 - d(如:like - liked, realize - realized) 3. 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾:变 y 为 i 加 - ed(如:hurry - hurried, try - tried) 4. 以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母):双写末尾辅音字母加 - ed(如:stop - stopped, plan - planned)  不规则变化(常见): 类型 例词 AAA cut - cut - cut, put - put - put ABA come - came - come, run - ran - run ABB make - made - made, send - sent - sent ABC be - was/were - been, do - did - done 4. 标志词  强调动作完成:just(刚刚)、already(已经)、yet(还、未)、ever(曾经)、never(从未)、before(以前)、recently(最近)  强调动作持续:for + 一段时间(如:for 3 years)、since + 时间点 / 一段时间 + ago / 一般过去时从句(如:since 2020, since 5 years ago, since he came here)、in the past few years(在过去的几年里)、so far(到目前为止)、up to now(直到现在) 5. 练习题 1. My parents ________ (visit) Beijing twice. They like it very much.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. —______ you __________ (finish) your homework yet? —Yes, I __________ (finish) it ten minutes ago.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 3. He __________ (live) in Shanghai since he was born.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 4. We __________ (not see) each other for a long time. How are you?(用所给词的适当形式填空) 5. —How long ______ your brother __________ (learn) English? —For 5 years.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 答案与解析 1. have visited 解析:由 twice 可知,此处表示动作完成的次数,用现在完成时;主语 my parents 为复数,故填 have visited。 2. Have; finished; finished 解析:第一空由 yet 可知用现在完成时,一般疑问句将 Have 提前,后接过去分词 finished;第二空由 ten minutes ago 可知用一般过去时,finish 的过去式为 finished。 3. has lived 解析:由 since he was born 可知,动作从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时;主语 he 为第三人称单数,故填 has lived。 4. haven't seen 解析:由 for a long time 可知,动作持续了一段时间,用现在完成时;否定形式为 haven't seen,故填 haven't seen。 5. has; learned 解析:由 How long 和 For 5 years 可知,询问动作持续的时间,用现在完成时;主语 your brother 为第三人称单数,故填 has; learned。 19 / 20乐思英语 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $优秀生培养计划 第1讲 Unit 1 Past and present(新教材译林版) 内容提要 高频词汇 常考短语 重点句型 核心语法 1. convenient /kənˈviːniənt/adj. 方便的  核心含义:指某事容易做、节省时间或不麻烦。  常见搭配:be convenient for sb.(对某人来说方便)、be convenient to do sth.(做某事方便)  例句:It is convenient for me to go to school by underground.(乘地铁去上学对我来说很方便。)  拓展:反义词为 inconvenient(不方便的),副词形式为 conveniently(方便地)  练习题: 1. Is it convenient ______ you to meet us at 3 p.m. tomorrow? A. for B. to C. with D. at 2. My new phone is very ______; I can check my homework anywhere. A. hopeful B. crowded C. recent D. convenient 3. It's ______ to take the bus here because there are few stops. A. convenient B. inconvenient C. convenience D. conveniently 2. crowded /ˈkraʊdɪd/adj. 拥挤的  核心含义:形容人、车辆等数量多,空间狭小。  常见搭配:be crowded with(挤满……)  例句:The shopping mall is always crowded with people on weekends.(周末购物中心总是挤满了人。)  拓展:名词形式为 crowd(人群),常用短语 a crowd of(一群……)  练习题: 1. The train was so ______ that I couldn't find a seat. A. convenient B. crowded C. wide D. excellent 2. The park is crowded ______ children on Children's Day. A. with B. of C. in D. for 3. There was a ______ crowd of people at the concert. A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowds  3. recent /ˈriːsnt/adj. 近来的,新近的  核心含义:指发生或出现于不久前的。  常见搭配:in recent years(近年来)、a recent study(近期的研究)  例句:She has made great progress in her English in recent months.(近几个月她的英语进步很大。)  拓展:副词形式为 recently(最近),常与现在完成时连用  练习题: 1. We have had many ______ changes in our school. A. recent B. recently C. convenient D. crowded 2. He has visited his grandparents ______ times this month. A. recent B. lately C. several recent D. recent several 3. ______ news says that our team won the game. A. Recent B. Recently C. Recents D. Recentness  4. already /ɔːlˈredi/adv. 已经,早已  核心含义:表示动作在预期之前完成。  用法:常用于肯定句,也可用于疑问句(表示惊讶),位于助动词之后、实义动词之前。  例句:I have already finished my homework before dinner.(晚饭前我已经完成了作业。)  拓展:与 yet 辨析,yet 常用于否定句和疑问句,位于句末  练习题: 1. They ______ arrived at the station when we got there. A. already B. yet C. recently D. just 2. Has she ______ told you the good news? A. never B. yet C. just D. already 3. I have ______ seen that movie twice. A. yet B. already C. recent D. lately 5. yet /jet/adv. 尚(未),还  核心含义:表示动作尚未发生,多用于否定句和疑问句。  用法:位于句末或助动词与实义动词之间(疑问句中)。  例句:I haven't finished my report yet.(我还没完成我的报告。)  拓展:与 already 辨析,already 用于肯定句,yet 用于否定句和疑问句  练习题: 1. Have you finished your homework ______? A. already B. yet C. just D. ever 2. He hasn't replied to my message ______. A. yet B. already C. recently D. just 3. They haven't visited the new park ______, but they plan to go next week. A. already B. ever C. yet D. never 6. since /sɪns/prep. & conj. 自…… 以来  核心含义:表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在。  用法:后接时间点、一段时间 + ago 或一般过去时的从句,常与现在完成时连用。  例句:I have lived in this city since 2010.(自从 2010 年我就住在这座城市了。)  拓展:还可作副词,意为 “从那以后”  练习题: 1. We have been friends ______ we were in primary school. A. for B. since C. ago D. before 2. He hasn't seen his parents ______ three years ago. A. for B. yet C. already D. since 3. ______ last month, she has been learning to play the piano. A. For B. Since C. Yet D. Just 7. develop /dɪˈveləp/v. 发展;开发(文档中对应名词 development,此处补充动词形式便于学习)  核心含义:指事物逐渐成长、进步;或对资源、产品等进行开发。  常见搭配:develop quickly(快速发展)、develop a habit(养成习惯)、develop technology(开发技术)  例句:The small village has developed into a modern town.(这个小村庄已经发展成了一个现代化的城镇。)  拓展:名词形式为 development(发展),形容词形式为 developing(发展中的)、developed(发达的)  练习题: 1. Our country is ______ very quickly in recent years. A. develop B. developed C. developing D. development 2. We need to ______ new ways to solve this problem. A. develop B. development C. developing D. developed 3. This is a ______ country with advanced technology. A. developing B. developed C. development D. develop 8. excellent /ˈeksələnt/adj. 优秀的,杰出的,极好的  核心含义:形容人或事物质量高、水平出众。  常见搭配:excellent grades(优异的成绩)、an excellent idea(好主意)、be excellent at(擅长……)  例句:She is an excellent student who always gets good marks.(她是一名优秀的学生,总是取得好成绩。)  拓展:副词形式为 excellently(出色地)  练习题: 1. The teacher praised him for his ______ performance in the exam. A. excellent B. well C. excellently D. good 2. He is ______ at playing basketball and often wins matches. A. excellent B. good C. both A and B D. well 3. What an ______ trip! We all had a great time. A. excellent B. crowded C. convenient D. recent 9. public /ˈpʌblɪk/adj. 公共的;公众的 n. 民众  核心含义:形容词意为 “供大家使用的、涉及公众的”;名词意为 “社会大众”。  常见搭配:public transport(公共交通)、public places(公共场所)、the public(公众)  例句:It's our duty to keep public places clean.(保持公共场所清洁是我们的责任。)  拓展:副词形式为 publicly(公开地)  练习题: 1. The park is a ______ place where everyone can go. A. secret B. private C. personal D. public 2. The ______ are interested in the new policy. A. public B. publics C. people D. person 3. We should respect the ______ opinion. A. public B. publics C. publicly D. publically 10. key /kiː/n. 关键;键,琴键 adj. 关键的  核心含义:名词意为 “事物的关键、钥匙等”;形容词意为 “起决定性作用的”。  常见搭配:the key to(…… 的关键)、a key point(关键点)、key technology(关键技术)  例句:Hard work is the key to success.(努力是成功的关键。)  练习题: 1. What's the ______ to solving this math problem? A. key B. way C. method D. approach 2. This is a ______ moment for our team; we must win. A. necessary B. important C. key D. useful 3. She turned the ______ and opened the door. A. key B. lock C. handle D. knob 11. move /muːv/v. 移动;搬家 n. 改变,转变,动摇  核心含义:动词意为 “改变位置、搬迁”;名词意为 “变化、变动”。  常见搭配:move to(搬到……)、move away(搬走)、a big move(重大转变)  例句:We are going to move to a new house next month.(我们下个月要搬到新房子去。)  拓展:名词形式还有 movement(运动;活动)  练习题: 1. They decided to ______ to the southern city because of work. A. moved B. moving C. movement D. move 2. His ______ to study abroad surprised all his friends. A. move B. moving C. moved D. movement 3. Could you please ______ the chair to the corner? A. move B. moving C. movement D. moved 12. lead /liːd/v. 引领;领导 n. 领先地位;负责人;主演  核心含义:动词意为 “带领、引导”;名词意为 “领先、领袖”。  常见搭配:lead the way(带路)、lead a team(领导一个团队)、take the lead(领先)  例句:She will lead our class to take part in the school competition.(她将带领我们班参加学校的比赛。)  拓展:过去式和过去分词为 led(注意拼写),名词形式 leader(领袖)  练习题: 1. Who will ______ the group to visit the museum tomorrow? A. lead B. take C. guide D. direct 2. He has ______ the company for ten years. A. lead B. led C. leading D. leads 3. Our team is in the ______ in the match now. A. lead B. leading C. leader D. leads 13. wealth /welθ/n. 大量,丰富;财富  核心含义:指物质上的财富或抽象的 “丰富、大量”。  常见搭配:a wealth of(大量的)、accumulate wealth(积累财富)、spiritual wealth(精神财富)  例句:The library has a wealth of books on history.(这个图书馆有大量关于历史的书籍。)  拓展:形容词形式为 wealthy(富有的)  练习题: 1. He spent his whole life pursuing ______ and fame. A. wealth B. wealthy C. wealthily D. wealthiness 2. The old man is very ______ and often helps the poor. A. wealth B. wealthy C. wealthily D. wealthiness 3. There is a ______ of information on the Internet. A. number B. many C. lot D. wealth 14. hopeful /ˈhəʊpfl/adj. 抱有希望,满怀希望  核心含义:形容人对某事充满期待,认为会有好结果。  常见搭配:be hopeful about(对…… 抱有希望)、a hopeful sign(一个充满希望的迹象)  例句:We are hopeful about the future of our city.(我们对城市的未来充满希望。)  拓展:副词形式为 hopefully(有希望地),名词形式为 hope(希望)  练习题: 1. She is ______ that she will pass the exam. A. hopeful B. hope C. hopefully D. hopeless 2. Everyone feels ______ about the new plan. A. hope B. hopeless C. hopeful D. hopefully 3. ______ , we can finish the project on time. A. Hopeful B. Hopefully C. Hope D. Hopeless 15. wide /waɪd/adj. 宽的,宽阔的  核心含义:形容物体的宽度大,或空间开阔。  常见搭配:a wide road(宽阔的道路)、wide eyes(睁大的眼睛)、wide open(完全敞开的)  例句:The river is about 50 meters wide.(这条河大约 50 米宽。)  拓展:副词形式为 widely(广泛地),注意与 wide 副词用法区分(wide 表 “宽阔地”,widely 表 “广泛地”)  练习题: 1. There is a ______ street in front of our school. A. widen B. widely C. width D. wide 2. She opened her eyes ______ when she heard the good news. A. wide B. widely C. width D. widen 3. English is ______ used all over the world. A. wide B. widely C. wide open D. widen  1. the key to …… 的关键  核心用法:to 为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词形式。  例句:Practice is the key to mastering English.(练习是掌握英语的关键。)  拓展:类似结构还有 the answer to(…… 的答案)、the way to(…… 的路)  练习题: 1. What's the key to __________ (solve) this problem?(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. Hard work is the key ______ success. A. of B. to C. for D. in 2. over the years 多年来  核心用法:常与现在完成时连用,表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。  例句:Over the years, he has collected a lot of stamps.(多年来,他收集了很多邮票。)  拓展:类似时间短语还有 over the last 40 years(在过去的 40 年里)、in the past few years(在过去的几年里)  练习题: 1. Over the years, our hometown __________ (change) a lot.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. Many great changes have taken place ______ the years. A. over B. for C. in D. during 3. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事  核心用法:表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,现在已不再如此,否定形式为 used not to do sth. 或 didn't use to do sth.。  例句:She used to walk to school, but now she goes by bike.(她过去常常步行上学,但现在骑自行车去。)  拓展:be used to doing sth. 表示 “习惯于做某事”,to 为介词  练习题: 1. He __________ (use) to play football after school, but now he studies hard.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. They didn't use to __________ (eat) fast food, but now they eat it often.(用所给词的适当形式填空)  4. thanks to 多亏了;由于  核心用法:后接名词、代词或名词短语,表示原因,多含积极意味。  例句:Thanks to his help, I finished the work on time.(多亏了他的帮助,我按时完成了工作。)  拓展:类似短语还有 because of(因为),后接名词或名词短语  练习题: 1. Thanks to __________ (your, you) support, we won the game.(选择适当的词填空) 2. ______ the bad weather, we had to cancel the picnic. A. Thanks to B. Because of C. As D. Since  5. fall in love with 爱上  核心用法:后接名词或代词,强调瞬间产生的喜爱之情。  例句:She fell in love with the beautiful city at first sight.(她第一眼就爱上了这座美丽的城市。)  拓展:可用于表示爱上人、地方或事物  练习题: 1. He __________ (fall) in love with reading when he was a child.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. They fell in love ______ each other during the trip. A. with B. to C. for D. at 6. make a living by 以…… 为生  核心用法:by 为介词,后接动名词形式,表示谋生的方式。  例句:His grandfather makes a living by fishing.(他的爷爷以捕鱼为生。)  拓展:也可表达为 earn a living by  练习题: 1. Many people make a living by __________ (sell) vegetables in the market.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. She makes a living ______ teaching English. A. by B. with C. through D. in 7. at an amazing speed 以惊人的速度  核心用法:speed 为名词,“速度”,at + 速度 表示 “以…… 速度”。  例句:The new train runs at an amazing speed.(这列新火车以惊人的速度行驶。)  拓展:常见搭配还有 at a high speed(以高速)、at a low speed(以低速)  练习题: 1. The city has developed ______ an amazing speed in recent years. A. at B. with C. in D. on 2. The car passed us ______ a high speed. A. at B. with C. by D. in 8. turn...into... 把…… 变成……  核心用法:后接名词或代词,强调将某物或某人转变为另一种状态或事物。  例句:People have turned the wasteland into a park.(人们把荒地变成了公园。)  拓展:类似短语还有 change...into...  练习题: 1. The magician turned the rabbit ______ a bird. A. into B. to C. in D. for 2. We can turn water ______ ice when the temperature is below zero. A. into B. to C. for D. with 9. take place 发生  核心用法:不及物动词短语,无被动语态,强调有计划、有安排地发生。  例句:Great changes have taken place in our school since last year.(自从去年以来,我们学校发生了巨大的变化。)  拓展:与 happen 辨析,happen 强调偶然发生  练习题: 1. Many important events __________ (take) place in 2023.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. When did the accident ______? A. take place B. happen C. occur D. break out  10. in the past few years 在过去的几年里  核心用法:常与现在完成时连用,表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。  例句:He has made great progress in English in the past few years.(在过去的几年里,他的英语取得了很大进步。)  拓展:类似短语还有 over the past few years  练习题: 1. In the past few years, we __________ (build) many new schools in our city.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. Many trees __________ (plant) in our town in the past few years.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 11. be active in 积极参与;在…… 方面积极  核心用法:后接名词或动名词形式,表示在某件事或某个领域表现积极。  例句:She is active in helping her classmates with their studies.(她积极帮助同学学习。)  拓展:active 为形容词,“积极的”,反义词为 inactive(不积极的)  练习题: 1. He is active in __________ (organize) school activities.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. My brother is active ______ sports and often plays basketball. A. in B. at C. on D. for  12. improve the quality of life 提高生活质量  核心用法:quality 为名词,“质量;品质”,the quality of life 表示 “生活质量”。  例句:The government is trying to improve the quality of life for citizens.(政府正努力提高市民的生活质量。)  拓展:improve 为动词,“提高;改善”,常见搭配还有 improve skills(提高技能)、improve health(改善健康)  练习题: 1. The new policy helps __________ (improve) the quality of life for old people.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. We should try our best to improve ______ quality of life. A. a B. the C. / D. an 1. Many changes have taken place in Sunshine Town over the last 40 years.  句意翻译:阳光镇在过去的 40 年里发生了许多变化。  句型结构:主语(Many changes)+ 现在完成时谓语(have taken place)+ 地点状语(in Sunshine Town)+ 时间状语(over the last 40 years) o 关键知识点:take place 为不及物动词短语,无被动语态;over the last 40 years 与现在完成时连用。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:我们城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化。  Our city ________ _________ __________ ______________ over the past ten years.  2. Thanks to the support from the government and the hard work of the citizens, the living conditions in Sunshine Town have improved a lot.  句意翻译:多亏了政府的支持和市民的辛勤努力,阳光镇的生活条件改善了很多。  句型结构:原因状语(Thanks to the support...and the hard work...)+ 主语(the living conditions)+ 地点状语(in Sunshine Town)+ 现在完成时谓语(have improved)+ 程度状语(a lot) o 关键知识点:thanks to 引导原因状语;“the + 名词 + from/of...” 表示 “…… 的……”。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:多亏了老师的帮助,他进步很大。  Thanks to the teacher's help, he ________ _________ __________.  3. It has risen to become an important centre for technology industries in the world and is home to many tech giants.  句意翻译:它已崛起成为全球重要的科技产业中心,也是众多科技巨头的所在地。  句型结构:主语(It)+ 现在完成时谓语(has risen)+ 不定式作目的状语(to become an important centre...)+ 并列谓语(is)+ 表语(home to many tech giants) o 关键知识点:rise to do sth. 表示 “崛起成为……”;be home to 表示 “是…… 的所在地 / 家园”。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:这座小镇已成为受欢迎的旅游胜地。  This small town ________ _________ __________ ________ tourist attraction.  4. Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed and has become a symbol of China’s development.  句意翻译:自 20 世纪 70 年代末以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展,成为了中国发展的象征。  句型结构:时间状语(Since the late 1970s)+ 主语(Shenzhen)+ 现在完成时并列谓语(has developed...and has become...)+ 状语(at an amazing speed)+ 表语(a symbol of China’s development) o 关键知识点:since 引导时间状语,与现在完成时连用;at an amazing speed 作方式状语。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:自从 2010 年以来,我的家乡发展很快。  Since 2010, my hometown ________ _________ __________.  5. When you step onto the wide, clean roads of Starlight Village, you will see rows of new houses, tall trees and beautiful flowers.  句意翻译:当你踏上星光村宽阔干净的道路,会看到一排排新房子、高大的树木和美丽的花朵。  句型结构:时间状语从句(When you step onto...)+ 主句(you will see rows of new houses...and beautiful flowers) o 关键知识点:when 引导时间状语从句,遵循 “主将从现” 原则;rows of 表示 “一排排的”。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:当你走进公园,会看到很多花。  When you walk into the park, you ________ _________ __________ _________.  6. “Electric buses produce less air pollution and make little noise, and now people here are enjoying a cleaner environment,” said a city planner.  句意翻译:一位城市规划师说:“电动公交车产生的空气污染更少,噪音也小,现在这里的人们正享受着更清洁的环境。”  句型结构:直接引语(Electric buses produce...and make...and now people...are enjoying...)+ 主句(said a city planner) o 关键知识点:直接引语中包含并列分句;less 为 little 的比较级,修饰不可数名词;cleaner 为 clean 的比较级。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:学生们正享受着更安静的教室。  The students ________ _________ __________ _________ classroom.  7. We have learned English for 7 years.  句意翻译:我们已经学了 7 年英语了。  句型结构:主语(We)+ 现在完成时谓语(have learned)+ 宾语(English)+ 时间状语(for 7 years) o 关键知识点:for + 一段时间,与现在完成时连用,表示动作持续的时间。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:他已经住在这里 5 年了。  He ________ _________ __________ _________ five years.  8. It’s so dark. Someone has turned off the light.  句意翻译:天这么黑,有人把灯关了。  句型结构:前句(It’s so dark.)+ 后句(主语 Someone + 现在完成时谓语 has turned off + 宾语 the light) o 关键知识点:现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响(天变黑是因为灯被关了);turn off 表示 “关闭”。  练习题: 1. 完成句子:杯子是空的,他已经喝光了水。  The cup is empty. He ________ _________ __________ _________.  核心语法精讲(现在完成时) 1. 定义  表示过去已发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 o 例句:I have lost my pen. I can't write now.(我把笔丢了,现在不能写字了。)  表示从过去持续到现在,有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。 o 例句:She has lived in Beijing since 2015.(自从 2015 年她就住在北京了,现在可能还住着。) 2. 构成与句式  构成:主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词(done) o 注意:主语为第一、二人称单复数及第三人称复数时用 have;主语为第三人称单数时用 has。  句式结构: 句式 结构示例 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 They have visited the museum.(他们已经参观了博物馆。) 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他 They haven't visited the museum.(他们还没参观博物馆。) 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? Have they visited the museum?(他们参观博物馆了吗?) 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + have/has. Yes, they have.(是的,他们参观了。) 否定回答 No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. No, they haven't.(不,他们没参观。) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? How many times have they visited the museum?(他们参观过博物馆多少次?) 3. 过去分词的变化规则  规则变化: 1. 一般情况:词尾加 - ed(如:work - worked, play - played) 2. 以 e 结尾:词尾加 - d(如:like - liked, realize - realized) 3. 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾:变 y 为 i 加 - ed(如:hurry - hurried, try - tried) 4. 以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母):双写末尾辅音字母加 - ed(如:stop - stopped, plan - planned)  不规则变化(常见): 类型 例词 AAA cut - cut - cut, put - put - put ABA come - came - come, run - ran - run ABB make - made - made, send - sent - sent ABC be - was/were - been, do - did - done 4. 标志词  强调动作完成:just(刚刚)、already(已经)、yet(还、未)、ever(曾经)、never(从未)、before(以前)、recently(最近)  强调动作持续:for + 一段时间(如:for 3 years)、since + 时间点 / 一段时间 + ago / 一般过去时从句(如:since 2020, since 5 years ago, since he came here)、in the past few years(在过去的几年里)、so far(到目前为止)、up to now(直到现在) 5. 练习题 1. My parents __________ (visit) Beijing twice. They like it very much.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 2. —______ you __________ (finish) your homework yet? —Yes, I __________ (finish) it ten minutes ago.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 3. He __________ (live) in Shanghai since he was born.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 4. We __________ (not see) each other for a long time. How are you?(用所给词的适当形式填空) 5. —How long ______ your brother __________ (learn) English? —For 5 years.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 14 / 14乐思英语 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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第1讲 Unit 1 Past and present 单元核心知识(新课抢先学)-【优秀生培养计划-巩固与提升】2026年 八年级寒假作业 快人一步系列(新教材译林版)
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第1讲 Unit 1 Past and present 单元核心知识(新课抢先学)-【优秀生培养计划-巩固与提升】2026年 八年级寒假作业 快人一步系列(新教材译林版)
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第1讲 Unit 1 Past and present 单元核心知识(新课抢先学)-【优秀生培养计划-巩固与提升】2026年 八年级寒假作业 快人一步系列(新教材译林版)
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