第3讲 Unit 3 Growing Up 单元核心知识（新课抢先学）-【优秀生培养计划-巩固与提升】2025-2026学年人教版八年级下册英语寒假作业 快人一步系列

优秀生培养计划 第3讲 Unit 3 Growing Up（新教材人教版） 内容提要 高频词汇 常考短语 重点句型 核心语法 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 核心考点精准练 模块四 综合题型助提升 1. Vocabulary Master 15 key words and their collocations to express emotions and decisions properly. 2. Sentence Patterns Learn 8 basic sentence patterns to talk about growing-up problems and solutions. 3. Grammar Grasp three types of adverbial clauses for daily communication and writing. 1. decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/n. 决定  核心含义：经过思考后做出的选择或判断。  常见搭配：make a decision（做决定）、a difficult decision（艰难的决定）  例句：She made a decision to study abroad next year.  拓展：动词形式为 decide（决定），常用搭配 decide to do sth.  练习题 1. It was a hard ___ for him to leave his hometown. A. decide B. deciding C. decided D. decision 2. We need to make a ___ about where to go on vacation. (用 decide 的适当形式填空) 3. Which sentence is correct? A. He decision to join the club. B. He made a decision to join the club.  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：形容词 hard 后接名词，decision 是名词，符合语法要求。 2. decision 解析：make a decision 是固定短语，意为 “做决定”。 3. B 解析：decision 是名词，不能直接作谓语，需搭配 make a decision。 2. upset /ʌpˈset/adj. 难过的；沮丧的  核心含义：因不如意的事而心情烦闷、低落。  常见搭配：feel upset（感到沮丧）、be upset about sth.（为某事难过）  例句：She was upset because she failed the exam.  拓展：upset 也可作动词，意为 “使心烦”，过去式和过去分词均为 upset  练习题 1. Don’t be ___ about the small mistake. It’s not a big deal. A. happy B. upset C. excited D. proud 2. The bad news ___ me yesterday. (用 upset 的适当形式填空) 3. Why did she look ___? A. upset B. upsets C. upsetting D. to upset  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：根据句意 “别为小错误难过”，upset 符合语境。 2. upset 解析：upset 作动词时，过去式仍为 upset，由 yesterday 可知用过去式。 3. A 解析：look 是系动词，后接形容词作表语，upset 是形容词。 3. lonely /ˈləʊnli/adj. 孤独的；寂寞的  核心含义：内心感到孤单，渴望陪伴。  常见搭配：feel lonely（感到孤独）、a lonely person（孤独的人）  例句：The old man felt lonely after his children moved out.  拓展：区分 lonely（情感上孤独）与 alone（客观上独自）  练习题 1. She lives ___ but she doesn’t feel ___. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely 2. The little girl felt ___ when she stayed at home by herself. (用 lonely 的适当形式填空) 3. Which word describes the feeling of wanting company? A. alone B. lonely C. happy D. sad  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：live alone 表示 “独自居住”，feel lonely 表示 “感到孤独”。 2. lonely 解析：此处指情感上的孤独，用 lonely。 3. B 解析：lonely 强调内心的孤独感，符合 “渴望陪伴” 的描述。 4. control /kənˈtrəʊl/v. & n. 控制  核心含义：动词指支配、管理；名词指掌控的能力或状态。  常见搭配：control one’s temper（控制脾气）、lose control（失控）  例句：It’s important to control your emotions when you are angry.  拓展：过去式和过去分词均为 controlled  练习题 1. He couldn’t ___ his anger when he heard the bad news. A. controlling B. controlled C. control D. to control 2. The pilot lost ___ of the plane in the bad weather. (用 control 的适当形式填空) 3. She tried her best to ___ her tears. A. control B. stop C. make D. let  答案与解析： 1. C 解析：情态动词 couldn’t 后接动词原形 control。 2. control 解析：lose control of 是固定短语，意为 “失去对…… 的控制”。 3. A 解析：control one’s tears 表示 “控制眼泪”，符合句意。 5. advise /ədˈvaɪz/v. 建议；劝告  核心含义：向他人提出意见或建议。  常见搭配：advise sb. to do sth.（建议某人做某事）、advise doing sth.（建议做某事）  例句：The teacher advised us to read more books.  拓展：名词形式为 advice（建议），是不可数名词  练习题 1. My father ___ me to exercise every day. A. advice B. advises C. advised D. advising 2. Can you give me some ___ on how to learn English? (用 advise 的适当形式填空) 3. He advised ___ a walk after dinner. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：主语 my father 是第三人称单数，一般现在时谓语动词用 advises。 2. advice 解析：some 后接不可数名词 advice，意为 “一些建议”。 3. C 解析：advise 后接动名词作宾语，即 advise doing sth. 6. forgive /fəˈɡɪv/v. (forgave, forgiven) 原谅；宽恕  核心含义：不再计较他人的过错，放下怨恨。  常见搭配：forgive sb. for sth.（因某事原谅某人）、forgive and forget（既往不咎）  例句：She forgave him for being late to the party.  拓展：名词形式为 forgiveness，意为 “原谅”  练习题 1. I hope you can ___ me for my mistake. A. forget B. forgive C. excuse D. pardon 2. He ___ her for lying to him yesterday. (用 forgive 的适当形式填空) 3. Have you ___ him yet? A. forgive B. forgave C. forgiven D. forgiving  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：forgive sb. for sth. 表示 “原谅某人某事”，符合句意。 2. forgave 解析：由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时，forgive 的过去式是 forgave。 3. C 解析：现在完成时的结构是 have + 过去分词，forgive 的过去分词是 forgiven。 7. apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/v. 道歉  核心含义：承认自己的错误并表达歉意。  常见搭配：apologize to sb.（向某人道歉）、apologize for sth.（为某事道歉）  例句：You should apologize to your teacher for being late.  拓展：名词形式为 apology（道歉），常用搭配 make an apology  练习题 1. He ___ to me for breaking my pen. A. to apologize B. apology C. apologizing D. apologized 2. She made an ___ to her friend for her rudeness. (用 apologize 的适当形式填空) 3. You need to ___ to him at once. A. apology B. apologize C. apologizing D. apologized  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：apologize to sb. for sth. 是固定搭配，由句意可知用过去式。 2. apology 解析：make an apology 是固定短语，意为 “道歉”。 3. B 解析：need to 后接动词原形 apologize。 8. proud /praʊd/adj. 骄傲的；自豪的  核心含义：因自己或他人的成就而感到光荣。  常见搭配：be proud of（为…… 感到骄傲）、proud parents（自豪的父母）  例句：His parents are proud of his success.  拓展：名词形式为 pride（骄傲；自豪），常用搭配 take pride in  练习题 1. I am ___ of my country’s great changes. A. pride B. proud C. proudly D. priding 2. She takes great ___ in her children’s achievements. (用 proud 的适当形式填空) 3. He looked ___ when he won the competition. A. proud B. pride C. proudly D. prided  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：be proud of 是固定短语，意为 “为…… 感到骄傲”。 2. pride 解析：take pride in 是固定短语，意为 “为…… 感到自豪”。 3. A 解析：look 是系动词，后接形容词 proud 作表语。 9. pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/n. 压力  核心含义：来自外界或内心的紧张、压迫感。  常见搭配：under pressure（承受压力）、study pressure（学习压力）  例句：Many students are under great pressure before exams.  拓展：动词形式为 press（按压；逼迫）  练习题 1. Too much ___ is bad for our health. A. press B. pressure C. pressing D. pressed 2. She feels a lot of ___ at work. (用 press 的适当形式填空) 3. He is under ___ to finish the work on time. A. pressure B. press C. pressing D. pressed  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：too much 后接不可数名词 pressure，意为 “太多压力”。 2. pressure 解析：a lot of 后接不可数名词 pressure。 3. A 解析：under pressure 是固定短语，意为 “承受压力”。 10. purpose /ˈpɜːpəs/n. 目的；意图  核心含义：做某事的目标或打算。  常见搭配：on purpose（故意地）、for the purpose of（为了…… 的目的）  例句：He went to the library for the purpose of borrowing books.  拓展：形容词形式为 purposely，意为 “故意地”  练习题 1. What is the ___ of your visit? A. purposed B. purposeful C. purposely D. purpose 2. He didn’t do it by accident; he did it on ___. (用 purpose 的适当形式填空) 3. She came here with the ___ of seeing you. A. purpose B. purposeful C. purposely D. purposed  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：the purpose of 意为 “…… 的目的”，符合句意。 2. purpose 解析：on purpose 是固定短语，意为 “故意地”。 3. A 解析：with the purpose of 是固定短语，意为 “为了……”。 11. solution /səˈluːʃn/n. 解决办法；解决  核心含义：解决问题的方法或方案。  常见搭配：a solution to the problem（问题的解决办法）、find a solution（找到解决办法）  例句：We need to find a solution to the environmental problem.  拓展：动词形式为 solve（解决），常用搭配 solve a problem  练习题 1. There is no easy ___ to this difficult problem. A. solve B. solution C. solved D. solving 2. Can you ___ this math problem? (用 solution 的适当形式填空) 3. We are looking for a ___ to the traffic jam. A. solve B. solution C. solved D. solving  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：形容词 easy 后接名词 solution，意为 “简单的解决办法”。 2. solve 解析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形 solve，意为 “解决问题”。 3. B 解析：a solution to sth. 表示 “某事的解决办法”。 12. alone /əˈləʊn/adv. 独自；单独  核心含义：指独自一人，没有他人陪伴。  常见搭配：live alone（独自居住）、go alone（独自前往）  例句：She likes to walk alone in the park after dinner.  拓展：alone 作形容词时，只能作表语，不能作定语  练习题 1. He doesn’t like to stay ___ at home. A. lonely B. lone C. alone D. lonesome 2. She went to the cinema ___ last night. (用 alone 的适当形式填空) 3. Which word describes the state of being without others? A. lonely B. alone C. happy D. sad  答案与解析： 1.C 解析：stay alone 表示 “独自待着”，强调客观状态。 2. alone 解析：此处用副词 alone 修饰动词 went，意为 “独自去电影院”。 3. B 解析：alone 强调客观上的 “独自”，符合题意。 13. dare /deə(r)/v. & modal v. 敢于  核心含义：有勇气做某事。  常见搭配：dare to do sth.（敢于做某事）、I dare say（我想；我认为）  例句：She doesn’t dare to speak in public.  拓展：dare 作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句，后接动词原形  练习题 1. He ___ not go out at night because he is afraid of the dark. A. dare B. dares C. dared D. daring 2. She doesn’t ___ to climb the mountain alone. (用 dare 的适当形式填空) 3. ___ you jump over the small wall? A. Do B. Dare C. Can D. Will  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：dare 作情态动词，用于否定句，后接动词原形。 2. dare 解析：doesn’t 后接动词原形 dare，dare to do sth. 表示 “敢于做某事”。 3. B 解析：dare 作情态动词，用于疑问句，意为 “你敢…… 吗”。 14. clear /klɪə(r)/adj. 清晰的；清楚的 v. 清理  核心含义：形容词指容易理解、看得清楚；动词指整理、清除。  常见搭配：clear water（清澈的水）、make it clear（说明白）、clear the table（清理桌子）  例句：Please speak clearly so that everyone can hear you.  拓展：副词形式为 clearly（清楚地）  练习题 1. The sky is ___ and blue today. A. cleared B. clearly C. clearing D. clear 2. Can you explain the problem ___? (用 clear 的适当形式填空) 3. He ___ his desk before leaving the office. A. clear B. cleared C. clearly D. clearing  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：形容词 clear 作表语，修饰 the sky，意为 “晴朗的天空”。 2. clearly 解析：副词 clearly 修饰动词 explain，意为 “清楚地解释”。 3. B 解析：由句意可知用一般过去时，clear 的过去式是 cleared，意为 “清理桌子”。 15. remain /rɪˈmeɪn/v. 继续存在；保持不变  核心含义：保持某种状态或继续存在。  常见搭配：remain silent（保持沉默）、remain unchanged（保持不变）  例句：The problem remains to be solved.  拓展：remaining 作形容词，意为 “剩余的”  练习题 1. He ___ silent when the teacher asked him a question. A. remained B. remain C. remaining D. to remain 2. The ___ food will be given to the poor. (用 remain 的适当形式填空) 3. The situation ___ the same as before. A. remain B. remaining C. remains D. to remain  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：由 asked 可知用一般过去时，remain 的过去式是 remained。 2. remaining 解析：形容词 remaining 修饰名词 food，意为 “剩余的食物”。 3. C 解析：主语 the situation 是第三人称单数，一般现在时谓语动词用 remains。 1. deal with 处理；对付  核心用法：后接人或事物，指解决问题或应对情况。  例句：He doesn’t know how to deal with the difficult situation.  拓展：同义短语为 do with，但 deal with 常与 how 连用，do with 常与 what 连用  练习题 1. Can you tell me how to ___ this problem? A. do with B. deal with C. go with D. agree with 2. She is good at ___ stress. (用 deal with 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：how 与 deal with 连用，意为 “如何处理这个问题”。 2. dealing with 解析：be good at 后接动名词形式。 2. clear the air 尽释前嫌  核心用法：指化解矛盾、消除误会，恢复良好关系。  例句：They had a talk and cleared the air between them.  拓展：这是一个比喻性短语，字面意思是 “净化空气”  练习题 1. After the argument, they need to ___ to become friends again. A. clear the air B. clear the table C. clear up D. clear out 2. Let’s have a talk to ___ between us. (用 clear the air 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：clear the air 表示 “尽释前嫌”，符合 “重新成为朋友” 的语境。 2. clear the air 解析：不定式符号 to 后接动词原形。 3. on purpose 故意；有意地  核心用法：作状语，强调行为是有意为之，而非偶然。  例句：I think he broke the cup on purpose, not by accident.  拓展：同义短语为 by design  练习题 1. Did you do this ___ or by accident? A. on purpose B. in purpose C. at purpose D. for purpose 2. She didn’t hurt you ___; it was a mistake. (用 on purpose 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：on purpose 是固定短语，意为 “故意地”，与 by accident 对应。 2. on purpose 解析：此处用 on purpose 作状语，意为 “故意地”。 4. put oneself in sb’s shoes 设身处地；处于某人的境地  核心用法：指换位思考，体谅他人的感受。  例句：You should put yourself in her shoes before you criticize her.  拓展：这是一个常用的习语，口语和书面语中都可使用  练习题 1. Try to ___ and think about how he feels. A. wear his shoes B. put your shoes on C. put yourself in his shoes D. take his shoes 2. We should ___ when we disagree with others. (用 put oneself in sb’s shoes 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. C 解析：put yourself in his shoes 表示 “设身处地为他着想”，符合句意。 2. put ourselves in their shoes 解析：主语是 we，对应的反身代词是 ourselves。 5. plenty of 充足；大量  核心用法：后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，多用于肯定句。  例句：There is plenty of time, so we don’t need to hurry.  拓展：同义短语为 a lot of/lots of  练习题 1. We have ___ food and drinks for the party. A. plenty of B. a lot C. many D. much 2. There are ___ books in the library. (用 plenty of 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：plenty of 后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词，此处修饰 food and drinks。 2. plenty of 解析：plenty of 修饰可数名词复数 books，意为 “大量的书”。 6. feel blue 感到忧郁的  核心用法：口语化表达，指心情低落、闷闷不乐。  例句：She feels blue because she has no friends to talk to.  拓展：同义短语为 feel down  练习题 1. He ___ these days because he failed the exam. A. feels yellow B. feels green C. feels red D. feels blue 2. Don’t ___. Everything will be better soon. (用 feel blue 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：feel blue 表示 “感到忧郁”，符合 “考试不及格” 的语境。 2. feel blue 解析：祈使句的否定形式，don’t 后接动词原形。 7. let down 使失望  核心用法：指辜负他人的期望，让对方失望。  例句：I don’t want to let my parents down, so I study hard.  拓展：let sb. down 的被动形式为 be let down  练习题 1. He didn’t pass the exam and ___ his teacher down. A. let B. made C. got D. took 2. Don’t ___ your friends down when they need you. (用 let down 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：let sb. down 是固定短语，意为 “使某人失望”，由 didn’t 可知用过去式 let。 2. let 解析：祈使句的否定形式，don’t 后接动词原形 let。 8. be hard on 对…… 苛刻或过分严厉  核心用法：指对某人要求过高、过于严格。  例句：His parents are too hard on him; they never let him play outside.  拓展：同义短语为 be strict with，但 be hard on 语气更强  练习题 1. Don’t be too ___ your children. They are still young. A. kind to B. good to C. hard on D. nice to 2. The teacher is ___ his students, so they are afraid of him. (用 be hard on 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1.C 解析：be hard on sb. 表示 “对某人苛刻”，符合句意。 2. hard on 解析：be hard on sb. 是固定短语，意为 “对某人严厉”。 9. look on the bright side 从好的方面想；抱乐观态度  核心用法：指在困境中保持乐观，看到事情积极的一面。  例句：You failed the exam, but look on the bright side—you can learn from your mistakes.  拓展：这是一个鼓励他人的常用短语  练习题 1. Things are bad, but we should ___. A. look on the bright side B. look on the dark side C. look at the bright side D. look at the dark side 2. When you are in trouble, you should ___. (用 look on the bright side 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：look on the bright side 表示 “抱乐观态度”，符合句意。 2. look on the bright side 解析：情态动词 should 后接动词原形。 10. be proud of 为…… 感到骄傲  核心用法：因某人或某事的成就而感到自豪。  例句：We are proud of our country’s development.  拓展：同义短语为 take pride in  练习题 1. She is ___ her son’s success in the competition. A. proud of B. pride of C. proud with D. pride with 2. His parents are ___ him because he won the first prize. (用 be proud of 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：be proud of 是固定短语，意为 “为…… 感到骄傲”。 2. proud of 解析：be proud of sb. 表示 “为某人感到自豪”。 11. pull together 齐心协力；通力合作  核心用法：指为了共同的目标而一起努力。  例句：If we pull together, we can finish the work on time.  拓展：同义短语为 work together  练习题 1. We need to ___ to solve this problem. A. pull up B. pull apart C. pull down D. pull together 2. The team ___ and won the game. (用 pull together 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：pull together 表示 “齐心协力”，符合 “解决问题” 的语境。 2. pulled together 解析：由 won 可知用一般过去时，pull 的过去式是 pulled。 12. not only … but also … 不但…… 而且……  核心用法：连接两个并列的成分，强调后者，遵循 “就近原则”。  例句：She is not only beautiful but also kind.  拓展：连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数由 but also 后的主语决定  练习题 1. He can ___ sing ___ dance well. A. not only; but also B. both; and C. either; or D. neither; nor 2. ___ he ___ his sister likes playing the piano. (用 not only … but also … 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：not only ... but also ... 连接两个动词，意为 “不但会唱歌，而且会跳舞”。 2. Not only; but also 解析：not only ... but also ... 连接主语，遵循就近原则，由 his sister 可知谓语动词用 likes。 1. Although you argued, you are still very close friends.  句意翻译：尽管你们吵过架，但你们仍然是非常亲密的朋友。  句型结构：Although 引导的让步状语从句 + 主句  关键知识点：although 不能与 but 连用，但可与 yet/still 连用。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：尽管他很累，但他仍然继续工作。  ___ he was tired, he still went on working.  答案与解析：Although 解析：although 引导让步状语从句，意为 “尽管”。 2. You won't know how he feels until you talk to him.  句意翻译：除非你和他谈谈，否则你就不会知道他的感受。  句型结构：主句（否定式）+ until 引导的时间状语从句  关键知识点：not ... until ... 表示 “直到…… 才……”，主句动词为非延续性动词。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：我直到完成作业才去睡觉。  I didn’t go to bed ___ I finished my homework.  答案与解析：until 解析：not ... until ... 表示 “直到…… 才……”。 3. You can write to your parents so that they'll know how you feel.  句意翻译：你可以给父母写信，这样他们就会知道你的感受。  句型结构：主句 + so that 引导的目的状语从句  关键知识点：so that 表目的时，从句常含情态动词 can/could/will/would。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：他努力学习，以便能通过考试。  He studies hard ___ he can pass the exam.  答案与解析：so that 解析：so that 引导目的状语从句，意为 “以便”。 4. If you did or said something wrong, you should say sorry.  句意翻译：如果你做错了事或说错了话，你应该道歉。  句型结构：If 引导的条件状语从句 + 主句  关键知识点：if 引导的条件句，遵循 “主将从现”，主句有情态动词时从句用一般现在时。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：如果你努力，你就能成功。  ___ you work hard, you can succeed.  答案与解析：If 解析：if 引导条件状语从句，意为 “如果”。 5. Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend.  句意翻译：衷心感谢您不仅当我的老师，还当我的朋友。  句型结构：Thank you for doing sth. + not only ... but also ... 并列结构  关键知识点：not only ... but also ... 连接两个并列的名词短语，表递进。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：这本书不仅有趣，而且有教育意义。  This book is ___ interesting ___ educational.  答案与解析：not only; but also 解析：not only ... but also ... 连接两个形容词，表递进。 6. Peter couldn’t control his anger when he talked to Harry.  句意翻译：彼得跟哈里说话时控制不住自己的怒火。  句型结构：主句 + when 引导的时间状语从句  关键知识点：when 引导的从句用一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：我正在做作业时，电话响了。  I was doing my homework ___ the phone rang.  答案与解析：when 解析：when 引导时间状语从句，意为 “当…… 时”。 7. My parents have very high standards.  句意翻译：我的父母要求很高。  句型结构：主语 + have + 形容词 + 名词  关键知识点：standard 作名词，意为 “标准；要求”，常用复数形式 standards。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：我们学校有很高的标准。  Our school has very high ___.  答案与解析：standards 解析：high standards 表示 “高标准”，常用复数形式。 8. It’s more important to learn from your mistakes so that you don’t repeat in future.  句意翻译：更重要的是要从错误中吸取教训，这样你以后就不会再犯同样的错误了。  句型结构：It’s + 形容词 + to do sth. + so that 引导的目的状语从句  关键知识点：it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式 to learn from your mistakes。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：保持健康很重要，这样你才能更好地学习。  It’s important ___ keep healthy so that you can study better.  答案与解析：to 解析：It’s important to do sth. 是固定句型，意为 “做某事很重要”。 本单元核心语法为although 引导的让步状语从句、until 引导的时间状语从句和so that 引导的目的状语从句 （一）although 引导的让步状语从句 1. 核心用法 o although 意为 “尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句，可放在句首或句末。 o 不能与 but 连用，但可与 yet/still 连用。 o 例句：Although he is young, he knows a lot.（尽管他年纪小，但他懂得很多。） 练习题 1. ___ it rained heavily, we still went to school on time. A. Although B. But C. Because D. So 2. He is very rich, ___ he doesn’t feel happy. A. and B. but C. although D. or 3. ___ she is tired, she keeps working. A. Because B. So C. Although D. If 4. Although he is tall, he ___ play basketball well. A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t 5. ___ it was cold, they went swimming. A. Although B. But C. So D. Because 答案与解析 1. A 解析：although 引导让步状语从句，意为 “尽管雨下得很大”。 2. B 解析：此处用 but 表转折，注意 although 和 but 不能连用。 3. C 解析：although 引导让步状语从句，意为 “尽管她很累”。 4. B 解析：根据句意 “尽管他很高，但他篮球打得不好”，用 can’t。 5. A 解析：although 引导让步状语从句，意为 “尽管天气很冷”。 （二）until 引导的时间状语从句 1. 核心用法 句型 用法 例句 肯定句 主句动词为延续性动词，表动作持续到从句时间 He waited until she came back. 否定句 主句动词为非延续性动词，表动作到从句时间才发生 He didn’t leave until she came back. o until 可与 till 互换，但 till 一般不用于句首。 练习题 1. I will wait for you ___ you come back. A. until B. when C. while D. as 2. She ___ go to bed ___ she finished her homework. A. won’t; until B. doesn’t; until C. isn’t; until D. didn’t; until 3. They played football ___ it got dark. A. when B. until C. as D. while 4. He ___ home until he finished all the work. A. went B. didn’t go C. goes D. doesn’t go 5. Wait here ___ I come back. A. until B. when C. while D. as 答案与解析 1. A 解析：until 引导时间状语从句，意为 “直到你回来”。 2. D 解析：not ... until ... 表示 “直到…… 才……”，由 finished 可知用一般过去时。 3. B 解析：until 引导时间状语从句，意为 “直到天黑”。 4. B 解析：not ... until ... 表示 “直到完成所有工作才回家”，用一般过去时。 5. A 解析：until 引导时间状语从句，意为 “等我回来”。 （三）so that 引导的目的状语从句 1. 核心用法 o so that 意为 “以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句，从句常含情态动词 can/could/may/might。 o 可与 in order that 互换，但 in order that 语气更强，可置于句首。 o 例句：He studies hard so that he can pass the exam. 练习题 1. She gets up early ___ she can catch the early bus. A. so that B. so C. because D. since 2. We should study hard ___ we can have a good future. A. because B. so C. so that D. since 3. He spoke loudly ___ everyone could hear him. A. so that B. so C. because D. since 4. They saved money ___ they could buy a new house. A. since B. so C. because D. so that 5. I will write it down ___ I won’t forget it. A. so that B. so C. because D. since 答案与解析 1. A 解析：so that 引导目的状语从句，意为 “以便赶上早班车”。 2. C 解析：so that 引导目的状语从句，意为 “以便有好的未来”。 3. A 解析：so that 引导目的状语从句，意为 “以便每个人都能听到”。 4. D 解析：so that 引导目的状语从句，意为 “以便买新房子”。 5. A 解析：so that 引导目的状语从句，意为 “以便不会忘记”。 一、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Growing up with a good habit is really important. When I was a little kid, I had 1 bad habit of staying up late. My mom always told me it was 2 for my health, but I never listened to her. One day, I felt very tired in class and couldn’t focus on what the teacher said. 3 I decided to change. Every evening, I start reading a book after dinner 4 it helps me calm down. Now, I can fall asleep quickly and wake up early 5 morning. I also started to exercise every weekend. I often play basketball 6 my friends. It makes me 7 and strong. My mom says I have become 8 than before. I know that small changes can make a big difference in our 9 . 10 you have any bad habits? Why not try to change them now? 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．good B．bad C．better 3．A．So B．But C．Because 4．A．or B．so C．because 5．A．every B．each C．all 6．A．with B．for C．to 7．A．health B．healthy C．healthily 8．A．good B．better C．best 9．A．grow B．growing C．growth 10．A．Do B．Are C．Have 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文讲述作者改掉熬夜坏习惯，培养阅读和运动习惯后身心受益的故事，强调好习惯的重要性。 1．句意：当我还是一个小孩子的时候，我有一个熬夜的坏习惯。 a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表示特指。根据“bad habit of staying up late”可知，此处泛指一个坏习惯，且bad以辅音音素开头，应用a，故选A。 2．句意：我的妈妈总是告诉我这对我的健康有害，但我从不听她的。 good好的；bad坏的；better更好的。根据“for my health”及常识可知，熬夜对健康有害，be bad for“对……有害”，故选B。 3．句意：所以我决定改变。 So所以；But但是；Because因为。根据“I felt very tired in class and couldn’t focus on what the teacher said...I decided to change.”可知，前后句是因果关系，前因后果，应用so连接，故选A。 4．句意：每天晚上，晚饭后我开始看书，因为它能帮助我冷静下来。 or或者；so所以；because因为。根据“I start reading a book after dinner...it helps me calm down.”可知，后句是前句的原因，应用because连接，故选C。 5．句意：现在，我可以很快入睡，每天早上早起。 every每个；each每个；all全部。根据“morning”可知，此处指每天早上，应用every morning，强调整体的日常习惯，故选A。 6．句意：我经常和我的朋友打篮球。 with和；for为了；to到。根据“play basketball…my friends”可知，此处指和朋友一起打篮球，应用with，故选A。 7．句意：它让我健康和强壮。 health健康，名词；healthy健康的，形容词；healthily健康地，副词。根据“and strong”可知，此处应用形容词与strong并列，故选B。 8．句意：我的妈妈说我已经变得比以前更好了。 good好的；better更好的；best最好的。根据“than before”可知，此处应用比较级形式，故选B。 9．句意：我知道小的改变可以对我们的成长产生很大的影响。 grow成长，动词；growing成长，动名词；growth成长，名词。“our”是形容词性物主代词，此处应用名词形式，故选C。 10．句意：你有坏习惯吗？ Do助动词；Are是；Have有。根据“…you have any bad habits?”可知，此处是询问是否有坏习惯，have是实义动词，应用助动词do，构成疑问句，故选A。 二、完形填空 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Last month, our school held a “Growth Story Sharing” activity. All students 11 to share their own growth experiences. At first, I was nervous to speak in front of my classmates. 12 , my teacher encouraged me to talk about how I learned to ride a bike. When I was seven, I fell off the bike many times and wanted to 13 . But my dad told me, “Don’t give up. Keep trying, and you will 14 it.” With my dad’s help, I practiced every weekend. After two months, I 15 could ride the bike well. I felt so proud of 16 . In the activity, many other students shared their stories too. Lily talked about how she learned to 17 her little sister when her parents were busy. Tom shared his experience of joining the English club and 18 his speaking skills. This activity taught me that growing up means 19 new things and facing challenges bravely. I plan to learn to play the guitar this summer. I know it will be hard, 20 I will never give up! 11．A．invited B．were invited C．invite D．invites 12．A．However B．And C．But D．So 13．A．give up B．give in C．give away D．give out 14．A．make B．take C．get D．win 15．A．final B．finally C．last D．lately 16．A．me B．my C．mine D．myself 17．A．look for B．look after C．look up D．look at 18．A．improve B．improving C．improved D．improves 19．A．try B．tries C．trying D．tried 20．A．and B．but C．or D．so 【答案】 11．B 12．A 13．A 14．A 15．B 16．D 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了学校举行“成长故事分享”活动，作者分享了自己学习骑自行车的经历，其他同学也分享了自己的故事。通过这次活动，作者明白了成长的意义。 11．句意：所有学生都被邀请分享自己的成长经历。 invited邀请，过去式；were invited被邀请，一般过去时的被动语态；invite邀请，动词原形；invites邀请，第三人称单数。根据“Last month, …All students…to share their own growth experiences.”可知，时态为一般过去时，学生是动作的承受者，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 12．句意：然而，我的老师鼓励我讲讲我是怎么学会骑自行车的。 However然而；And和；But但是；So所以。根据“At first, I was nervous to speak…”以及“…my teacher encouraged me to talk”可知，虽然作者起初紧张，但后来在老师鼓励下还是分享了，前后存在转折关系，且横线后有逗号隔开，应用However。故选A。 13．句意：我七岁的时候，从自行车上摔下来很多次，当时就想放弃了。 give up放弃；give in屈服；give away赠送；give out分发。根据“I fell off the bike many times…But my dad told me, ‘Don’t give up.’…”可知，作者摔了很多次，但是爸爸鼓励他不要放弃。故选A。 14．句意：但我爸爸告诉我：“别放弃，坚持尝试，你一定能成功的。” make制造，使得；take拿；get得到；win赢。根据“Keep trying, and you will…it.”可知，爸爸鼓励作者只要坚持尝试，就能做成这件事。make it为固定习语，意为“获得成功；做成”。故选A。 15．句意：两个月后，我终于能把自行车骑得很好了。 final最后的，形容词；finally最后，副词；last最后的；lately最近，副词。根据“With my dad’s help, I practiced every weekend. After two months, I…could ride the bike well.”可知，经过长时间的练习，作者最终学会了。空处修饰动词短语could ride，应用副词。故选B。 16．句意：我为自己感到非常骄傲。 me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词。根据“I felt so proud of…”可知，主语是I，宾语与主语指代同一人，应用反身代词myself。故选D。 17．句意：Lily讲了父母忙碌时，她是怎么学会照顾妹妹的。 look for寻找；look after照顾；look up查阅；look at看。根据“when her parents were busy”可知，父母忙碌时无法照看孩子，所以Lily需要照顾妹妹。故选B。 18．句意：Tom分享了他加入英语俱乐部、提升口语能力的经历。 improve提高，动词原形；improving提高，动名词；improved提高，过去式；improves提高，第三人称单数。根据“Tom shared his experience of joining the English club and…his speaking skills.”可知，and连接两个并列成分。joining是动名词形式，因此空处也应填动名词improving。故选B。 19．句意：这次活动让我明白，成长意味着去尝试新事物，勇敢面对挑战。 try尝试，动词原形；tries尝试，第三人称单数；trying尝试，动名词；tried尝试，过去式。根据“growing up means…new things”可知，此处是mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，结合“and facing challenges”可知，facing为动名词，并列连词and前后动词形式保持一致，空处也应填动名词trying。故选C。 20．句意：我知道这会很难，但我永远不会放弃！ and和；but但是；or或者；so所以。根据“I know it will be hard”和“I will never give up”可知，前后分句存在转折关系，前半句承认困难，后半句表达自己的决心。故选B。 三、阅读理解 A Reading Growth Club Want to develop a good reading habit? Join us! We offer: - Weekly reading sharing meetings. - Book recommendation lists for different ages. - A “Reading Diary” contest to record your reading progress. Time: 4:00—5:30 pm, Tuesday Contact: Miss Lee at readingclub@school.com Self-improvement Camp Want to learn new skills and grow better? Our camp provides: - Courses on public speaking and time management. - Group activities to build teamwork ability. - One-on-one advice from teachers on personal growth. Time: 9:00 am—11:30 am, Saturday Tel: 5566778 Healthy Habits Workshop Need help forming healthy daily habits? Come and join: - Learn how to make a reasonable sleep and exercise plan. - Cooking lessons for simple and healthy meals. - Share your own healthy habit stories with others. Time: 2:00—4:00 pm, Sunday Address: School Hall Parent-Child Growth Salon Want to grow together with your parents? This salon offers: - Fun games to improve parent-child communication. - Talks on how parents and kids understand each other better. - Activities to create sweet memories with your family. Time: 3:00—5:00 pm, Friday Website: pcgrowth.com 21．If you want to learn time management skills, you can ________. A．join the Reading Growth Club B．join the Self-improvement Camp C．join the Healthy Habits Workshop D．join the Parent-Child Growth Salon 22．What activity does the Reading Growth Club offer? A．Cooking lessons for healthy meals. B．Public speaking courses. C．A “Reading Diary” contest. D．Parent-child fun games. 23．When is the Healthy Habits Workshop held? A．4:00—5:30 pm, Tuesday. B．9:00 am—11:30 am, Saturday. C．2:00—4:00 pm, Sunday. D．3:00—5:00 pm, Friday. 24．Which activity can help you improve communication with your parents? A．Reading Growth Club. B．Self-improvement Camp. C．Healthy Habits Workshop. D．Parent-Child Growth Salon. 25．Where would you most likely find this information? A．On a school notice board. B．In a travel magazine. C．In a fashion book. D．In a sports newspaper. 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．C 24．D 25．A 【导语】本文主要通过四则海报介绍了学校的阅读成长俱乐部、自我提升营、健康习惯工作坊以及亲子成长沙龙，包括各活动的具体内容、举办时间及参与方式。 21．细节理解题。根据“Self-improvement Camp”板块中的“Courses on public speaking and time management.”可知，自我提升训练营提供关于公共演讲和时间管理的课程。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据“Reading Growth Club”板块中的“A ‘Reading Diary’ contest to record your reading progress.”可知，阅读成长俱乐部提供“阅读日记”比赛。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据“Healthy Habits Workshop”板块中的“Time: 2:00—4:00 pm, Sunday”可知，健康习惯工作坊的举办时间是周日下午2点到4点。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据“Parent-Child Growth Salon”板块中的“Fun games to improve parent-child communication.”可知，亲子成长沙龙通过有趣的游戏来改善亲子沟通。故选D。 25．推理判断题。根据文中提到的四个活动名称（阅读俱乐部、自我提升营、健康习惯坊、亲子沙龙）以及联系方式中的“Contact: Miss Lee at readingclub@school.com”和地点“Address: School Hall”可知，这些都是学校课外活动通知，最有可能出现在学校的布告栏上。故选A。 B It was my first day in Grade 8. And the first lesson was English. When Mr. Gough, our new English teacher, walked into the classroom, I was just in silence at my desk. I didn’t even take out my textbook. To my surprise, he held up a book, The Old Man and the Sea, and asked if anyone had read it. I put my hand up because I happened to read it several days ago. Mr. Gough asked if I really understood what the writer tried to say in his book. My reply made him smile, and he asked me to write something about that story. When I showed him what I wrote, he said it was very good. After that, English classes became a new interest for me. I began to work hard at English. Mr. Gough thought that students needed to act out a play to understand a text better. “Don’t just read it,” he said. I took an active part in the activity. As time passed, we developed a real friendship. He hoped that I could become a writer in the future. When I left school, he said to me, “You have a gift for writing, Tony. One day, you’ll come to realize how useful it is. Make use of it, and it can make your life more wonderful.” Years have passed. Every time I sit down to write something new, I think of Mr. Gough. He was not just an English teacher because he also taught me something useful in life. 26．What was the writer doing when the teacher came in? A．Reading his textbook. B．Just sitting at his desk. C．Taking out his textbook. D．Talking with his classmates. 27．How did the teacher like the writer’s reply about the book? A．Special. B．Just so-so. C．Great. D．Terrible. 28．What did the teacher think was the way to understand a text better? A．By acting it out. B．By copying it down. C．By learning it by heart. D．By discussing with parents. 29．What did the teacher expect the writer to be in the future? A．A writer. B．A doctor. C．A scientist. D．A teacher. 30．What’s the best title for the text? A．A Lesson in Life B．An Exciting Class C．A Helpful Teacher D．An Interesting Book 【答案】26．B 27．C 28．A 29．A 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在八年级的第一节英语课上，遇到了新的英语老师Mr. Gough，并因对《老人与海》的理解受到老师鼓励，从而对英语产生兴趣，最终在老师的引导下发现自己的写作天赋的故事。 26．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“I was just in silence at my desk. I didn’t even take out my textbook.”可知，作者当时只是安静地坐在书桌前，甚至没有拿出课本。故选B。 27．观点态度题。根据文章第2段“My reply made him smile, and he asked me to write something about that story. When I showed him what I wrote, he said it was very good.”可知，老师的反应是微笑并称赞作者写的内容“very good”，说明他认为作者的回复很棒。故选C。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“Mr. Gough thought that students needed to act out a play to understand a text better.”可知，老师认为通过表演能更好地理解文本。故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“He hoped that I could become a writer in the future.”可知，老师希望作者未来成为作家。故选A。 30．最佳标题题。全文围绕Mr. Gough对作者的鼓励和影响展开，强调他不仅是一位英语老师，更在人生中给予了作者宝贵的指导。选项C“一位有帮助的老师”最能概括主题。故选C。 19 / 21乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $优秀生培养计划 第3讲 Unit 3 Growing Up（新教材人教版） 内容提要 高频词汇 常考短语 重点句型 核心语法 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 核心考点精准练 模块四 综合题型助提升 1. Vocabulary Master 15 key words and their collocations to express emotions and decisions properly. 2. Sentence Patterns Learn 8 basic sentence patterns to talk about growing-up problems and solutions. 3. Grammar Grasp three types of adverbial clauses for daily communication and writing. 1. decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/n. 决定  核心含义：经过思考后做出的选择或判断。  常见搭配：make a decision（做决定）、a difficult decision（艰难的决定）  例句：She made a decision to study abroad next year.  拓展：动词形式为 decide（决定），常用搭配 decide to do sth.  练习题 1. It was a hard ___ for him to leave his hometown. A. decide B. deciding C. decided D. decision 2. We need to make a ___ about where to go on vacation. (用 decide 的适当形式填空) 3. Which sentence is correct? A. He decision to join the club. B. He made a decision to join the club. 2. upset /ʌpˈset/adj. 难过的；沮丧的  核心含义：因不如意的事而心情烦闷、低落。  常见搭配：feel upset（感到沮丧）、be upset about sth.（为某事难过）  例句：She was upset because she failed the exam.  拓展：upset 也可作动词，意为 “使心烦”，过去式和过去分词均为 upset  练习题 1. Don’t be ___ about the small mistake. It’s not a big deal. A. happy B. upset C. excited D. proud 2. The bad news ___ me yesterday. (用 upset 的适当形式填空) 3. Why did she look ___? A. upset B. upsets C. upsetting D. to upset 3. lonely /ˈləʊnli/adj. 孤独的；寂寞的  核心含义：内心感到孤单，渴望陪伴。  常见搭配：feel lonely（感到孤独）、a lonely person（孤独的人）  例句：The old man felt lonely after his children moved out.  拓展：区分 lonely（情感上孤独）与 alone（客观上独自）  练习题 1. She lives ___ but she doesn’t feel ___. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely 2. The little girl felt ___ when she stayed at home by herself. (用 lonely 的适当形式填空) 3. Which word describes the feeling of wanting company? A. alone B. lonely C. happy D. sad 4. control /kənˈtrəʊl/v. & n. 控制  核心含义：动词指支配、管理；名词指掌控的能力或状态。  常见搭配：control one’s temper（控制脾气）、lose control（失控）  例句：It’s important to control your emotions when you are angry.  拓展：过去式和过去分词均为 controlled  练习题 1. He couldn’t ___ his anger when he heard the bad news. A. controlling B. controlled C. control D. to control 2. The pilot lost ___ of the plane in the bad weather. (用 control 的适当形式填空) 3. She tried her best to ___ her tears. A. control B. stop C. make D. let 5. advise /ədˈvaɪz/v. 建议；劝告  核心含义：向他人提出意见或建议。  常见搭配：advise sb. to do sth.（建议某人做某事）、advise doing sth.（建议做某事）  例句：The teacher advised us to read more books.  拓展：名词形式为 advice（建议），是不可数名词  练习题 1. My father ___ me to exercise every day. A. advice B. advises C. advised D. advising 2. Can you give me some ___ on how to learn English? (用 advise 的适当形式填空) 3. He advised ___ a walk after dinner. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 6. forgive /fəˈɡɪv/v. (forgave, forgiven) 原谅；宽恕  核心含义：不再计较他人的过错，放下怨恨。  常见搭配：forgive sb. for sth.（因某事原谅某人）、forgive and forget（既往不咎）  例句：She forgave him for being late to the party.  拓展：名词形式为 forgiveness，意为 “原谅”  练习题 1. I hope you can ___ me for my mistake. A. forget B. forgive C. excuse D. pardon 2. He ___ her for lying to him yesterday. (用 forgive 的适当形式填空) 3. Have you ___ him yet? A. forgive B. forgave C. forgiven D. forgiving 7. apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/v. 道歉  核心含义：承认自己的错误并表达歉意。  常见搭配：apologize to sb.（向某人道歉）、apologize for sth.（为某事道歉）  例句：You should apologize to your teacher for being late.  拓展：名词形式为 apology（道歉），常用搭配 make an apology  练习题 1. He ___ to me for breaking my pen. A. to apologize B. apology C. apologizing D. apologized 2. She made an ___ to her friend for her rudeness. (用 apologize 的适当形式填空) 3. You need to ___ to him at once. A. apology B. apologize C. apologizing D. apologized 8. proud /praʊd/adj. 骄傲的；自豪的  核心含义：因自己或他人的成就而感到光荣。  常见搭配：be proud of（为…… 感到骄傲）、proud parents（自豪的父母）  例句：His parents are proud of his success.  拓展：名词形式为 pride（骄傲；自豪），常用搭配 take pride in  练习题 1. I am ___ of my country’s great changes. A. pride B. proud C. proudly D. priding 2. She takes great ___ in her children’s achievements. (用 proud 的适当形式填空) 3. He looked ___ when he won the competition. A. proud B. pride C. proudly D. prided 9. pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/n. 压力  核心含义：来自外界或内心的紧张、压迫感。  常见搭配：under pressure（承受压力）、study pressure（学习压力）  例句：Many students are under great pressure before exams.  拓展：动词形式为 press（按压；逼迫）  练习题 1. Too much ___ is bad for our health. A. press B. pressure C. pressing D. pressed 2. She feels a lot of ___ at work. (用 press 的适当形式填空) 3. He is under ___ to finish the work on time. A. pressure B. press C. pressing D. pressed 10. purpose /ˈpɜːpəs/n. 目的；意图  核心含义：做某事的目标或打算。  常见搭配：on purpose（故意地）、for the purpose of（为了…… 的目的）  例句：He went to the library for the purpose of borrowing books.  拓展：形容词形式为 purposely，意为 “故意地”  练习题 1. What is the ___ of your visit? A. purposed B. purposeful C. purposely D. purpose 2. He didn’t do it by accident; he did it on ___. (用 purpose 的适当形式填空) 3. She came here with the ___ of seeing you. A. purpose B. purposeful C. purposely D. purposed 11. solution /səˈluːʃn/n. 解决办法；解决  核心含义：解决问题的方法或方案。  常见搭配：a solution to the problem（问题的解决办法）、find a solution（找到解决办法）  例句：We need to find a solution to the environmental problem.  拓展：动词形式为 solve（解决），常用搭配 solve a problem  练习题 1. There is no easy ___ to this difficult problem. A. solve B. solution C. solved D. solving 2. Can you ___ this math problem? (用 solution 的适当形式填空) 3. We are looking for a ___ to the traffic jam. A. solve B. solution C. solved D. solving 12. alone /əˈləʊn/adv. 独自；单独  核心含义：指独自一人，没有他人陪伴。  常见搭配：live alone（独自居住）、go alone（独自前往）  例句：She likes to walk alone in the park after dinner.  拓展：alone 作形容词时，只能作表语，不能作定语  练习题 1. He doesn’t like to stay ___ at home. A. lonely B. lone C. alone D. lonesome 2. She went to the cinema ___ last night. (用 alone 的适当形式填空) 3. Which word describes the state of being without others? A. lonely B. alone C. happy D. sad 13. dare /deə(r)/v. & modal v. 敢于  核心含义：有勇气做某事。  常见搭配：dare to do sth.（敢于做某事）、I dare say（我想；我认为）  例句：She doesn’t dare to speak in public.  拓展：dare 作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句，后接动词原形  练习题 1. He ___ not go out at night because he is afraid of the dark. A. dare B. dares C. dared D. daring 2. She doesn’t ___ to climb the mountain alone. (用 dare 的适当形式填空) 3. ___ you jump over the small wall? A. Do B. Dare C. Can D. Will 14. clear /klɪə(r)/adj. 清晰的；清楚的 v. 清理  核心含义：形容词指容易理解、看得清楚；动词指整理、清除。  常见搭配：clear water（清澈的水）、make it clear（说明白）、clear the table（清理桌子）  例句：Please speak clearly so that everyone can hear you.  拓展：副词形式为 clearly（清楚地）  练习题 1. The sky is ___ and blue today. A. cleared B. clearly C. clearing D. clear 2. Can you explain the problem ___? (用 clear 的适当形式填空) 3. He ___ his desk before leaving the office. A. clear B. cleared C. clearly D. clearing 15. remain /rɪˈmeɪn/v. 继续存在；保持不变  核心含义：保持某种状态或继续存在。  常见搭配：remain silent（保持沉默）、remain unchanged（保持不变）  例句：The problem remains to be solved.  拓展：remaining 作形容词，意为 “剩余的”  练习题 1. He ___ silent when the teacher asked him a question. A. remained B. remain C. remaining D. to remain 2. The ___ food will be given to the poor. (用 remain 的适当形式填空) 3. The situation ___ the same as before. A. remain B. remaining C. remains D. to remain 1. deal with 处理；对付  核心用法：后接人或事物，指解决问题或应对情况。  例句：He doesn’t know how to deal with the difficult situation.  拓展：同义短语为 do with，但 deal with 常与 how 连用，do with 常与 what 连用  练习题 1. Can you tell me how to ___ this problem? A. do with B. deal with C. go with D. agree with 2. She is good at ___ stress. (用 deal with 的适当形式填空) 2. clear the air 尽释前嫌  核心用法：指化解矛盾、消除误会，恢复良好关系。  例句：They had a talk and cleared the air between them.  拓展：这是一个比喻性短语，字面意思是 “净化空气”  练习题 1. After the argument, they need to ___ to become friends again. A. clear the air B. clear the table C. clear up D. clear out 2. Let’s have a talk to ___ between us. (用 clear the air 的适当形式填空) 3. on purpose 故意；有意地  核心用法：作状语，强调行为是有意为之，而非偶然。  例句：I think he broke the cup on purpose, not by accident.  拓展：同义短语为 by design  练习题 1. Did you do this ___ or by accident? A. on purpose B. in purpose C. at purpose D. for purpose 2. She didn’t hurt you ___; it was a mistake. (用 on purpose 的适当形式填空) 4. put oneself in sb’s shoes 设身处地；处于某人的境地  核心用法：指换位思考，体谅他人的感受。  例句：You should put yourself in her shoes before you criticize her.  拓展：这是一个常用的习语，口语和书面语中都可使用  练习题 1. Try to ___ and think about how he feels. A. wear his shoes B. put your shoes on C. put yourself in his shoes D. take his shoes 2. We should ___ when we disagree with others. (用 put oneself in sb’s shoes 的适当形式填空) 5. plenty of 充足；大量  核心用法：后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，多用于肯定句。  例句：There is plenty of time, so we don’t need to hurry.  拓展：同义短语为 a lot of/lots of  练习题 1. We have ___ food and drinks for the party. A. plenty of B. a lot C. many D. much 2. There are ___ books in the library. (用 plenty of 的适当形式填空) 6. feel blue 感到忧郁的  核心用法：口语化表达，指心情低落、闷闷不乐。  例句：She feels blue because she has no friends to talk to.  拓展：同义短语为 feel down  练习题 1. He ___ these days because he failed the exam. A. feels yellow B. feels green C. feels red D. feels blue 2. Don’t ___. Everything will be better soon. (用 feel blue 的适当形式填空) 7. let down 使失望  核心用法：指辜负他人的期望，让对方失望。  例句：I don’t want to let my parents down, so I study hard.  拓展：let sb. down 的被动形式为 be let down  练习题 1. He didn’t pass the exam and ___ his teacher down. A. let B. made C. got D. took 2. Don’t ___ your friends down when they need you. (用 let down 的适当形式填空) 8. be hard on 对…… 苛刻或过分严厉  核心用法：指对某人要求过高、过于严格。  例句：His parents are too hard on him; they never let him play outside.  拓展：同义短语为 be strict with，但 be hard on 语气更强  练习题 1. Don’t be too ___ your children. They are still young. A. kind to B. good to C. hard on D. nice to 2. The teacher is ___ his students, so they are afraid of him. (用 be hard on 的适当形式填空) 9. look on the bright side 从好的方面想；抱乐观态度  核心用法：指在困境中保持乐观，看到事情积极的一面。  例句：You failed the exam, but look on the bright side—you can learn from your mistakes.  拓展：这是一个鼓励他人的常用短语  练习题 1. Things are bad, but we should ___. A. look on the bright side B. look on the dark side C. look at the bright side D. look at the dark side 2. When you are in trouble, you should ___. (用 look on the bright side 的适当形式填空) 10. be proud of 为…… 感到骄傲  核心用法：因某人或某事的成就而感到自豪。  例句：We are proud of our country’s development.  拓展：同义短语为 take pride in  练习题 1. She is ___ her son’s success in the competition. A. proud of B. pride of C. proud with D. pride with 2. His parents are ___ him because he won the first prize. (用 be proud of 的适当形式填空) 11. pull together 齐心协力；通力合作  核心用法：指为了共同的目标而一起努力。  例句：If we pull together, we can finish the work on time.  拓展：同义短语为 work together  练习题 1. We need to ___ to solve this problem. A. pull up B. pull apart C. pull down D. pull together 2. The team ___ and won the game. (用 pull together 的适当形式填空) 12. not only … but also … 不但…… 而且……  核心用法：连接两个并列的成分，强调后者，遵循 “就近原则”。  例句：She is not only beautiful but also kind.  拓展：连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数由 but also 后的主语决定  练习题 1. He can ___ sing ___ dance well. A. not only; but also B. both; and C. either; or D. neither; nor 2. ___ he ___ his sister likes playing the piano. (用 not only … but also … 的适当形式填空) 1. Although you argued, you are still very close friends.  句意翻译：尽管你们吵过架，但你们仍然是非常亲密的朋友。  句型结构：Although 引导的让步状语从句 + 主句  关键知识点：although 不能与 but 连用，但可与 yet/still 连用。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：尽管他很累，但他仍然继续工作。  ___ he was tired, he still went on working. 2. You won't know how he feels until you talk to him.  句意翻译：除非你和他谈谈，否则你就不会知道他的感受。  句型结构：主句（否定式）+ until 引导的时间状语从句  关键知识点：not ... until ... 表示 “直到…… 才……”，主句动词为非延续性动词。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：我直到完成作业才去睡觉。  I didn’t go to bed ___ I finished my homework. 3. You can write to your parents so that they'll know how you feel.  句意翻译：你可以给父母写信，这样他们就会知道你的感受。  句型结构：主句 + so that 引导的目的状语从句  关键知识点：so that 表目的时，从句常含情态动词 can/could/will/would。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：他努力学习，以便能通过考试。  He studies hard ___ he can pass the exam. 4. If you did or said something wrong, you should say sorry.  句意翻译：如果你做错了事或说错了话，你应该道歉。  句型结构：If 引导的条件状语从句 + 主句  关键知识点：if 引导的条件句，遵循 “主将从现”，主句有情态动词时从句用一般现在时。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：如果你努力，你就能成功。  ___ you work hard, you can succeed. 5. Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend.  句意翻译：衷心感谢您不仅当我的老师，还当我的朋友。  句型结构：Thank you for doing sth. + not only ... but also ... 并列结构  关键知识点：not only ... but also ... 连接两个并列的名词短语，表递进。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：这本书不仅有趣，而且有教育意义。  This book is ___ interesting ___ educational. 6. Peter couldn’t control his anger when he talked to Harry.  句意翻译：彼得跟哈里说话时控制不住自己的怒火。  句型结构：主句 + when 引导的时间状语从句  关键知识点：when 引导的从句用一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：我正在做作业时，电话响了。  I was doing my homework ___ the phone rang. 7. My parents have very high standards.  句意翻译：我的父母要求很高。  句型结构：主语 + have + 形容词 + 名词  关键知识点：standard 作名词，意为 “标准；要求”，常用复数形式 standards。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：我们学校有很高的标准。  Our school has very high ___. 8. It’s more important to learn from your mistakes so that you don’t repeat in future.  句意翻译：更重要的是要从错误中吸取教训，这样你以后就不会再犯同样的错误了。  句型结构：It’s + 形容词 + to do sth. + so that 引导的目的状语从句  关键知识点：it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式 to learn from your mistakes。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：保持健康很重要，这样你才能更好地学习。  It’s important ___ keep healthy so that you can study better. 本单元核心语法为although 引导的让步状语从句、until 引导的时间状语从句和so that 引导的目的状语从句 （一）although 引导的让步状语从句 1. 核心用法 o although 意为 “尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句，可放在句首或句末。 o 不能与 but 连用，但可与 yet/still 连用。 o 例句：Although he is young, he knows a lot.（尽管他年纪小，但他懂得很多。） 练习题 1. ___ it rained heavily, we still went to school on time. A. Although B. But C. Because D. So 2. He is very rich, ___ he doesn’t feel happy. A. and B. but C. although D. or 3. ___ she is tired, she keeps working. A. Because B. So C. Although D. If 4. Although he is tall, he ___ play basketball well. A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t 5. ___ it was cold, they went swimming. A. Although B. But C. So D. Because （二）until 引导的时间状语从句 1. 核心用法 句型 用法 例句 肯定句 主句动词为延续性动词，表动作持续到从句时间 He waited until she came back. 否定句 主句动词为非延续性动词，表动作到从句时间才发生 He didn’t leave until she came back. o until 可与 till 互换，但 till 一般不用于句首。 练习题 1. I will wait for you ___ you come back. A. until B. when C. while D. as 2. She ___ go to bed ___ she finished her homework. A. won’t; until B. doesn’t; until C. isn’t; until D. didn’t; until 3. They played football ___ it got dark. A. when B. until C. as D. while 4. He ___ home until he finished all the work. A. went B. didn’t go C. goes D. doesn’t go 5. Wait here ___ I come back. A. until B. when C. while D. as （三）so that 引导的目的状语从句 1. 核心用法 o so that 意为 “以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句，从句常含情态动词 can/could/may/might。 o 可与 in order that 互换，但 in order that 语气更强，可置于句首。 o 例句：He studies hard so that he can pass the exam. 练习题 1. She gets up early ___ she can catch the early bus. A. so that B. so C. because D. since 2. We should study hard ___ we can have a good future. A. because B. so C. so that D. since 3. He spoke loudly ___ everyone could hear him. A. so that B. so C. because D. since 4. They saved money ___ they could buy a new house. A. since B. so C. because D. so that 5. I will write it down ___ I won’t forget it. A. so that B. so C. because D. since 一、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Growing up with a good habit is really important. When I was a little kid, I had 1 bad habit of staying up late. My mom always told me it was 2 for my health, but I never listened to her. One day, I felt very tired in class and couldn’t focus on what the teacher said. 3 I decided to change. Every evening, I start reading a book after dinner 4 it helps me calm down. Now, I can fall asleep quickly and wake up early 5 morning. I also started to exercise every weekend. I often play basketball 6 my friends. It makes me 7 and strong. My mom says I have become 8 than before. I know that small changes can make a big difference in our 9 . 10 you have any bad habits? Why not try to change them now? 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．good B．bad C．better 3．A．So B．But C．Because 4．A．or B．so C．because 5．A．every B．each C．all 6．A．with B．for C．to 7．A．health B．healthy C．healthily 8．A．good B．better C．best 9．A．grow B．growing C．growth 10．A．Do B．Are C．Have 二、完形填空 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Last month, our school held a “Growth Story Sharing” activity. All students 11 to share their own growth experiences. At first, I was nervous to speak in front of my classmates. 12 , my teacher encouraged me to talk about how I learned to ride a bike. When I was seven, I fell off the bike many times and wanted to 13 . But my dad told me, “Don’t give up. Keep trying, and you will 14 it.” With my dad’s help, I practiced every weekend. After two months, I 15 could ride the bike well. I felt so proud of 16 . In the activity, many other students shared their stories too. Lily talked about how she learned to 17 her little sister when her parents were busy. Tom shared his experience of joining the English club and 18 his speaking skills. This activity taught me that growing up means 19 new things and facing challenges bravely. I plan to learn to play the guitar this summer. I know it will be hard, 20 I will never give up! 11．A．invited B．were invited C．invite D．invites 12．A．However B．And C．But D．So 13．A．give up B．give in C．give away D．give out 14．A．make B．take C．get D．win 15．A．final B．finally C．last D．lately 16．A．me B．my C．mine D．myself 17．A．look for B．look after C．look up D．look at 18．A．improve B．improving C．improved D．improves 19．A．try B．tries C．trying D．tried 20．A．and B．but C．or D．so 三、阅读理解 A Reading Growth Club Want to develop a good reading habit? Join us! We offer: - Weekly reading sharing meetings. - Book recommendation lists for different ages. - A “Reading Diary” contest to record your reading progress. Time: 4:00—5:30 pm, Tuesday Contact: Miss Lee at readingclub@school.com Self-improvement Camp Want to learn new skills and grow better? Our camp provides: - Courses on public speaking and time management. - Group activities to build teamwork ability. - One-on-one advice from teachers on personal growth. Time: 9:00 am—11:30 am, Saturday Tel: 5566778 Healthy Habits Workshop Need help forming healthy daily habits? Come and join: - Learn how to make a reasonable sleep and exercise plan. - Cooking lessons for simple and healthy meals. - Share your own healthy habit stories with others. Time: 2:00—4:00 pm, Sunday Address: School Hall Parent-Child Growth Salon Want to grow together with your parents? This salon offers: - Fun games to improve parent-child communication. - Talks on how parents and kids understand each other better. - Activities to create sweet memories with your family. Time: 3:00—5:00 pm, Friday Website: pcgrowth.com 21．If you want to learn time management skills, you can ________. A．join the Reading Growth Club B．join the Self-improvement Camp C．join the Healthy Habits Workshop D．join the Parent-Child Growth Salon 22．What activity does the Reading Growth Club offer? A．Cooking lessons for healthy meals. B．Public speaking courses. C．A “Reading Diary” contest. D．Parent-child fun games. 23．When is the Healthy Habits Workshop held? A．4:00—5:30 pm, Tuesday. B．9:00 am—11:30 am, Saturday. C．2:00—4:00 pm, Sunday. D．3:00—5:00 pm, Friday. 24．Which activity can help you improve communication with your parents? A．Reading Growth Club. B．Self-improvement Camp. C．Healthy Habits Workshop. D．Parent-Child Growth Salon. 25．Where would you most likely find this information? A．On a school notice board. B．In a travel magazine. C．In a fashion book. D．In a sports newspaper. B It was my first day in Grade 8. And the first lesson was English. When Mr. Gough, our new English teacher, walked into the classroom, I was just in silence at my desk. I didn’t even take out my textbook. To my surprise, he held up a book, The Old Man and the Sea, and asked if anyone had read it. I put my hand up because I happened to read it several days ago. Mr. Gough asked if I really understood what the writer tried to say in his book. My reply made him smile, and he asked me to write something about that story. When I showed him what I wrote, he said it was very good. After that, English classes became a new interest for me. I began to work hard at English. Mr. Gough thought that students needed to act out a play to understand a text better. “Don’t just read it,” he said. I took an active part in the activity. As time passed, we developed a real friendship. He hoped that I could become a writer in the future. When I left school, he said to me, “You have a gift for writing, Tony. One day, you’ll come to realize how useful it is. Make use of it, and it can make your life more wonderful.” Years have passed. Every time I sit down to write something new, I think of Mr. Gough. He was not just an English teacher because he also taught me something useful in life. 26．What was the writer doing when the teacher came in? A．Reading his textbook. B．Just sitting at his desk. C．Taking out his textbook. D．Talking with his classmates. 27．How did the teacher like the writer’s reply about the book? A．Special. B．Just so-so. C．Great. D．Terrible. 28．What did the teacher think was the way to understand a text better? A．By acting it out. B．By copying it down. C．By learning it by heart. D．By discussing with parents. 29．What did the teacher expect the writer to be in the future? A．A writer. B．A doctor. C．A scientist. D．A teacher. 30．What’s the best title for the text? A．A Lesson in Life B．An Exciting Class C．A Helpful Teacher D．An Interesting Book 14 / 14乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $