第4讲 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 单元核心知识（新课抢先学）-【优秀生培养计划-巩固与提升】2025-2026学年人教版八年级下册英语寒假作业 快人一步系列

优秀生培养计划 第4讲 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature（新教材人教版） 内容提要 高频词汇 常考短语 重点句型 核心语法 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 核心考点精准练 模块四 综合题型助提升 1. Vocabulary Master 15 key words and their derivatives to describe natural wonders accurately. 2. Sentence Patterns Learn 8 basic sentence patterns to ask about and introduce natural landscapes. 3. Grammar Grasp comparatives, superlatives and large number expressions for daily use. 1. wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/n. 奇观；惊叹 v. 想知道；感到诧异  核心含义：作名词指令人惊叹的自然或人文景观；作动词指心里产生疑问。  常见搭配：natural wonders（自然奇观）、wonder at sth.（对某事感到惊叹）、wonder if/whether（想知道是否）  例句：The Great Barrier Reef is one of the natural wonders of the world.  拓展：形容词形式为 wonderful（绝妙的；精彩的）  练习题 1. The Grand Canyon is a famous natural ___. A. wonder B. wonderful C. wondering D. wondered 2. I ___ what life is like under the sea. (用 wonder 的适当形式填空) 3. Which sentence uses "wonder" as a verb? A. It is a wonder to see the sunrise. B. I wonder how he got there.  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：形容词 natural 后接名词，wonder 作名词表示 “奇观”。 2. wonder 解析：主语为 I，一般现在时用动词原形。 3. B 解析：B 选项中 wonder 后接宾语从句，是动词用法；A 选项中 wonder 是名词。 2. depth /depθ/n. 深（度）；纵深  核心含义：指从表面到底部的垂直距离，或抽象的深度。  常见搭配：in depth（深入地）、depth of the ocean（海洋深度）、a depth of 100 meters（100 米的深度）  例句：The depth of the Mariana Trench is about 11,000 meters.  拓展：形容词形式为 deep（深的），动词形式为 deepen（加深）  练习题 1. We don’t know the ___ of this lake. A. deep B. depth C. deepen D. deeply 2. The river is 5 meters in ___. (用 deep 的适当形式填空) 3. What’s the adjective form of "depth"? A. deep B. deeply C. deepen D. depthy  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，depth 表示 “深度”。 2. depth 解析：in depth 是固定表达，意为 “在深度上”。 3. A 解析：depth 的形容词形式是 deep，意为 “深的”。 3. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/v. & n. 研究；调查  核心含义：作动词和名词，指为了发现新信息而进行的系统性探究。  常见搭配：do research on sth.（对某事进行研究）、research into（深入研究）、scientific research（科学研究）  例句：Scientists are doing research on the coral reefs.  拓展：researcher 是名词，意为 “研究者；研究员”  练习题 1. She is a ___ who studies marine life. A. research B. researched C. researching D. researcher 2. They ___ the effects of climate change on plants. (用 research 的适当形式填空) 3. Which is correct? A. He does a research on birds. B. He does research on birds.  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：researcher 表示 “研究者”，符合 “研究海洋生物的人” 的语境。 2. research 解析：主语为 they，一般现在时用动词原形。 3. B 解析：research 是不可数名词，不能和不定冠词 a 连用。 4. unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/adj. 特别的；不寻常的  核心含义：指不同于平常的、罕见的。  常见搭配：an unusual phenomenon（不寻常的现象）、unusual weather（反常的天气）  例句：It is unusual to see snow in this city.  拓展：反义词为 usual（平常的），副词形式为 usually（通常）  练习题 1. This is an ___ animal that lives in the deep sea. A. usual B. unusual C. usually D. unusually 2. It is ___ for him to be late—he is always on time. (用 usual 的适当形式填空) 3. What’s the opposite of "unusual"? A. usual B. unusual C. common D. ordinary  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：形容词 unusual 修饰名词 animal，意为 “特别的动物”。 2. unusual 解析：根据 “他总是准时” 可知，迟到对他来说很反常，用 unusual。 3. A 解析：unusual 的反义词是 usual，意为 “平常的”。 5. survive /səˈvaɪv/v. 生存；存活；艰难度过  核心含义：指在危险、困难的环境中继续存活，或挺过难关。  常见搭配：survive in the desert（在沙漠中生存）、survive an accident（从事故中幸存）、survive on sth.（靠某物存活）  例句：Few animals can survive in the freezing conditions of the Arctic.  拓展：名词形式为 survival（生存）、survivor（幸存者）  练习题 1. How do these plants ___ in the dry desert? A. survival B. survive C. survivor D. surviving 2. He is the only ___ of the plane crash. (用 survive 的适当形式填空) 3. These birds ___ on small insects. A. stay B. live C. survive D. keep  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：助动词 do 后接动词原形 survive。 2. survivor 解析：only 后接名词，survivor 表示 “幸存者”。 3. C 解析：survive on sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “靠某物存活”。 6. determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/adj. 有决心的；坚决的  核心含义：指意志坚定，下定决心要做某事。  常见搭配：be determined to do sth.（决心做某事）、a determined look（坚定的表情）  例句：The climbers are determined to reach the top of the mountain.  拓展：动词形式为 determine（决定），名词形式为 determination（决心）  练习题 1. She is ___ to finish the work today. A. determine B. determined C. determination D. determining 2. His ___ helped him overcome many difficulties. (用 determine 的适当形式填空) 3. They are ___ to win the game. A. decide B. decision C. determined D. determine  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：be determined to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “决心做某事”。 2. determination 解析：形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词 determination，意为 “决心”。 3. C 解析：be determined to do sth. 符合句意。 7. measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/v. 测量；量度为 n. 措施；度量单位  核心含义：作动词指用工具测量尺寸、数量；作名词指措施或计量单位。  常见搭配：measure the length（测量长度）、take measures（采取措施）、a measure of weight（重量单位）  例句：We need to measure the depth of the river before we cross it.  拓展：名词形式为 measurement（测量；尺寸）  练习题 1. Can you ___ the distance between these two points? A. measure B. measurement C. measured D. measuring 2. The government has taken ___ to protect the environment. (用 measure 的适当形式填空) 3. What does "take measures" mean? A. 测量尺寸 B. 采取措施 C. 制定计划 D. 执行任务  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形 measure。 2. measures 解析：take measures 是固定短语，意为 “采取措施”，measure 用复数形式。 3. B 解析：take measures 的中文意思是 “采取措施”。 8. risk /rɪsk/v. 使…… 冒风险 n. 危险；风险  核心含义：作动词指冒着危险做某事；作名词指可能发生的危险。  常见搭配：risk one’s life（冒着生命危险）、take a risk（冒险）、at risk（处于危险中）  例句：Many climbers risk their lives to climb Mount Qomolangma.  拓展：形容词形式为 risky（有风险的）  练习题 1. It is ___ to swim in this deep river. A. risk B. risky C. risking D. risked 2. He ___ his life to save the child from the fire. (用 risk 的适当形式填空) 3. Don’t take a ___ when you are driving. A. risking B. risky C. risks D. risk  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：形容词 risky 作表语，意为 “有风险的”。 2. risked 解析：描述过去的动作，用一般过去时 risked。 3. D 解析：take a risk 是固定短语，意为 “冒险”。 9. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/n. 好奇心；求知欲  核心含义：指想要了解未知事物的欲望。  常见搭配：out of curiosity（出于好奇）、arouse one’s curiosity（引起某人的好奇心）  例句：Human curiosity drives people to explore the unknown world.  拓展：形容词形式为 curious（好奇的），常用搭配 be curious about sth.  练习题 1. The child’s ___ made him ask many questions. A. curious B. curiosity C. curiously D. curiousness 2. She is ___ about the underwater world. (用 curiosity 的适当形式填空) 3. He opened the box out of ___. A. curious B. curiosity C. curiously D. curiousness  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：名词所有格 child’s 后接名词 curiosity，意为 “好奇心”。 2. curious 解析：be curious about sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “对某事好奇”。 3. B 解析：out of curiosity 是固定短语，意为 “出于好奇”。 10. natural /ˈnætʃrəl/adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的  核心含义：指与自然有关的，非人工制造的。  常见搭配：natural resources（自然资源）、natural beauty（自然美景）、natural disasters（自然灾害）  例句：The Grand Canyon is a great example of natural beauty.  拓展：名词形式为 nature（自然；天性）  练习题 1. We should protect ___ resources for future generations. A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. naturality 2. It is ___ for birds to fly south in winter. (用 nature 的适当形式填空) 3. Which is a natural disaster? A. Earthquake B. Car accident C. Fire in a building D. Plane crash  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：形容词 natural 修饰名词 resources，意为 “自然资源”。 2. natural 解析：it is natural for sb. to do sth. 是固定句型，意为 “某人做某事是自然的”。 3. A 解析：地震是自然灾害，其他选项是人为或意外事故。 11. attract /əˈtrækt/v. 吸引；招引；引起（反应）  核心含义：指引起他人的兴趣、注意力或好感。  常见搭配：attract attention（吸引注意力）、attract tourists（吸引游客）、be attracted to（被…… 吸引）  例句：The beautiful scenery of Guilin attracts millions of tourists every year.  拓展：名词形式为 attraction（吸引力；景点），形容词形式为 attractive（有吸引力的）  练习题 1. The Great Wall is a major tourist ___ in China. A. attract B. attraction C. attractive D. attracting 2. The colorful flowers ___ many bees. (用 attract 的适当形式填空) 3. She is an ___ woman with a warm smile. A. attract B. attraction C. attractive D. attracting  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：tourist attraction 是固定短语，意为 “旅游景点”。 2. attract 解析：主语为复数名词 flowers，一般现在时用动词原形。 3. C 解析：形容词 attractive 修饰名词 woman，意为 “有吸引力的”。 12. distance /ˈdɪstəns/n. 距离；遥远  核心含义：指两个地方之间的空间长度，或抽象的疏远感。  常见搭配：in the distance（在远处）、a long distance（远距离）、keep distance from（与…… 保持距离）  例句：The distance from my home to school is about two kilometers.  拓展：形容词形式为 distant（遥远的）  练习题 1. We can see the mountains in the ___. A. distant B. distance C. distantly D. distancing 2. The ___ between the two cities is 500 miles. (用 distant 的适当形式填空) 3. What’s the adjective form of "distance"? A. distancing B. distance C. distantly D. distant  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：in the distance 是固定短语，意为 “在远处”。 2. distance 解析：定冠词 the 后接名词 distance，意为 “距离”。 3. D 解析：distance 的形容词形式是 distant，意为 “遥远的”。 13. located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/adj. 位于；坐落在  核心含义：指某物的地理位置。  常见搭配：be located in/on/at（位于……）  例句：The new library is located in the center of the city.  拓展：动词形式为 locate（定位；位于），名词形式为 location（位置；地点）  练习题 1. The hotel is ___ near the beach. A. locate B. located C. location D. locating 2. What is the ___ of the meeting? (用 locate 的适当形式填空) 3. The museum is ___ in a beautiful park. A. locate B. located C. location D. locating  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：be located near 是固定表达，意为 “位于…… 附近”。 2. location 解析：定冠词 the 后接名词 location，意为 “地点”。 3. B 解析：be located in 是固定搭配，意为 “位于……”。 14. condition /kənˈdɪʃn/n. 状态；境况  核心含义：指事物的状态，或人所处的环境、健康状况。  常见搭配：in good condition（状态良好）、terrible conditions（恶劣的环境）、living conditions（生活条件）  例句：The climbers had to face terrible weather conditions on the mountain.  拓展：conditions 常用复数形式表示 “环境；条件”  练习题 1. The old building is in poor ___. A. condition B. conditions C. conditional D. conditioned 2. The ___ in the desert are very harsh. (用 condition 的适当形式填空) 3. We need to improve the working ___ of the workers. A. condition B. conditioned C. conditional D. conditions  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：in poor condition 是固定短语，意为 “状态不佳”。 2. conditions 解析：指沙漠里的恶劣环境，用复数形式 conditions。 3. D 解析：working conditions 是固定短语，意为 “工作条件”。 15. successfully /səkˈsesfəli/adv. 成功地；顺利地  核心含义：指做事达到预期目标，没有失败。  常见搭配：successfully complete a task（成功完成任务）、successfully climb the mountain（成功登顶）  例句：The Chinese team successfully reached the top of Mount Qomolangma again.  拓展：形容词形式为 successful（成功的），名词形式为 success（成功），动词形式为 succeed（成功）  练习题 1. He ___ passed the driving test. A. success B. successful C. successfully D. succeed 2. Her ___ came from hard work. (用 successfully 的适当形式填空) 3. She is a ___ businesswoman. A. success B. successful C. successfully D. succeed  答案与解析： 1. C 解析：副词 successfully 修饰动词 passed，意为 “成功地通过”。 2. success 解析：形容词性物主代词 her 后接名词 success，意为 “成功”。 3. B 解析：形容词 successful 修饰名词 businesswoman，意为 “成功的女商人”。 1. natural wonders 自然奇观  核心用法：名词短语，指自然界中令人惊叹的景观。  例句：The Amazon Rainforest and the Great Barrier Reef are famous natural wonders.  拓展：wonder 作可数名词，复数形式为 wonders  练习题 1. Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest ___ in the world. A. natural wonder B. natural wonders C. nature wonder D. nature wonders 2. We learned about many ___ in geography class. (用 natural wonder 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：one of 后接可数名词复数，natural wonders 意为 “自然奇观”。 2. natural wonders 解析：many 后接可数名词复数形式。 2. deep sea 深海  核心用法：名词短语，指海洋中水深较大的区域。  例句：Scientists are exploring the deep sea to find new species.  拓展：相关短语有 deep-sea research（深海研究）、deep-sea creatures（深海生物）  练习题 1. ___ creatures have special adaptations to live in dark environments. A. Deep sea B. Deep seas C. Deep-seas D. Deep-sea 2. They are doing ___ research to study the ocean floor. (用 deep sea 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：deep-sea 是复合形容词，修饰名词 creatures，意为 “深海的”。 2. deep-sea 解析：deep-sea 作定语修饰名词 research。 3. ancient civilizations 古代文明  核心用法：名词短语，指古代人类创造的文化和社会体系。  例句：The Nile River helped many ancient civilizations to develop.  拓展：civilization 可写作 civilisation，复数形式为 civilizations  练习题 1. We should learn from the wisdom of ___. A. ancient civilization B. ancient civilizations C. ancient civilisation D. ancient civilisations 2. The Yellow River is the birthplace of Chinese ___. (用 ancient civilization 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：古代文明不止一个，用复数形式 ancient civilizations。 2. civilization 解析：此处指中国古代文明这一整体，用单数形式。 4. freshwater lake 淡水湖  核心用法：名词短语，指湖水含盐量低的湖泊。  例句：Lake Baikal is the deepest freshwater lake in the world.  拓展：反义词组为 salt lake（盐湖）  练习题 1. This ___ is home to many kinds of fish. A. freshwater lake B. fresh water lake C. fresh-water lake D. freshwaters lake 2. There are many ___ in this region. (用 freshwater lake 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：freshwater 是复合形容词，修饰名词 lake，无需加连字符。 2. freshwater lakes 解析：many 后接可数名词复数形式。 5. coral reef 珊瑚礁  核心用法：名词短语，指由珊瑚虫的骨骼堆积而成的礁石。  例句：The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world.  拓展：复数形式为 coral reefs  练习题 1. The ___ are in danger because of climate change. A. coral reef B. coral reefs C. corals reef D. corals reefs 2. Many fish live in the ___. (用 coral reef 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：由 are 可知主语是复数，coral reefs 意为 “珊瑚礁”。 2. coral reef 解析：此处指某个珊瑚礁，用单数形式。 6. in size 在尺寸上；在大小方面  核心用法：介词短语，用于描述物体的大小规模。  例句：The Sahara Desert is about 9,000,000 square kilometers in size.  拓展：类似短语有 in length（在长度上）、in depth（在深度上）  练习题 1. This room is 20 square meters ___. A. on size B. in sizes C. at size D. in size 2. The two boxes are the same ___. (用 in size 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：in size 是固定短语，意为 “在大小方面”。 2. in size 解析：the same in size 意为 “在大小上相同”。 7. risk one’s life 冒着生命危险  核心用法：动词短语，指为了某事不顾生命安危。  例句：Many explorers risk their lives to explore unknown places.  拓展：同义短语为 put one’s life at risk  练习题 1. He ___ to save the girl from the burning building. A. risked his life B. risked his lives C. risk his life D. risk his lives 2. Climbers often ___ to reach the top of high mountains. (用 risk one’s life 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：描述过去的动作，用一般过去时 risked，life 用单数形式。 2. risk their lives 解析：主语 climbers 是复数，对应的形容词性物主代词是 their，life 用复数形式 lives。 8. out of curiosity 出于好奇  核心用法：介词短语，作状语，说明做某事的原因是好奇。  例句：Out of curiosity, he opened the door to see what was inside.  拓展：curiosity 是不可数名词，不能加 s  练习题 1. ___ , she asked the teacher about the strange phenomenon. A. Out of curious B. Out of curiosity C. Because of curious D. Because of curiosity 2. He went to the museum ___ . (用 out of curiosity 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：out of curiosity 是固定短语，意为 “出于好奇”。 2. out of curiosity 解析：短语作状语，直接填入即可。 9. in depth 深入地；全面地  核心用法：介词短语，作状语，指对事物进行深入的研究或讨论。  例句：We need to study this problem in depth to find a solution.  拓展：depth 是名词，in depth 不能写作 in depths  练习题 1. The article discusses the environmental problem ___. A. at depths B. in depths C. at depth D. in depth 2. The scientist studied the data ___ to get accurate results. (用 in depth 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：in depth 是固定短语，意为 “深入地”。 2. in depth 解析：短语作状语，修饰动词 studied。 10. in good condition 状态良好  核心用法：介词短语，指物体、设备或人的状态好。  例句：Although the car is old, it is still in good condition.  拓展：反义词组为 in poor condition（状态不佳）  练习题 1. The old bridge is still ___ after hundreds of years. A. in good condition B. in good conditions C. at good condition D. at good conditions 2. We should keep the equipment ___ . (用 in good condition 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：in good condition 是固定短语，意为 “状态良好”。 2. in good condition 解析：keep sth. in good condition 意为 “使某物保持良好状态”。 11. take measures 采取措施  核心用法：动词短语，指为了解决问题而采取行动。  例句：The government must take measures to protect the endangered animals.  拓展：measure 作 “措施” 讲时，常用复数形式  练习题 1. We should ___ to reduce air pollution. A. take measure B. take measures C. make measure D. make measures 2. The school ___ to improve students’ safety. (用 take measures 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：take measures 是固定短语，意为 “采取措施”。 2. took measures 解析：描述过去的动作，用一般过去时 took。 12. one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 最…… 之一  核心用法：固定结构，用于表示某物是同类事物中最突出的一个。  例句：The Great Wall is one of the most famous buildings in the world.  拓展：形容词最高级前必须加 the  练习题 1. The elephant is ___ animals on land. A. one of the largest B. one of the large C. one of largest D. one of large 2. This is ___ beautiful places I have ever seen. (用 one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数的形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数，large 的最高级是 largest。 2. one of the most 解析：beautiful 是多音节词，最高级形式是 the most beautiful。 1. What is the biggest desert in the world? It is the Sahara Desert.  句意翻译：世界上最大的沙漠是什么？是撒哈拉沙漠。  句型结构：What is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + 范围？ It is ...  关键知识点：形容词最高级用于三者及以上比较，后接 in/of 短语限定范围。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：世界上最高的山是什么？是珠穆朗玛峰。  What is the ___ mountain in the world? It is Mount Qomolangma.  答案与解析：highest 解析：high 的最高级是 highest，用于三者及以上比较。 2. How big is it? It is about 9,000,000 square kilometers in size.  句意翻译：它有多大？它的面积约为 900 万平方千米。  句型结构：How + 形容词（big/deep/long 等）+ be + 主语？ It is + 数量 + 单位 + in size/depth/length 等  关键知识点：用 How + 形容词询问物体的尺寸、深度等，用 in + 名词回答具体维度。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：这条河有多长？它长约 6300 公里。  How ___ is the river? It is about 6,300 kilometers in length.  答案与解析：long 解析：询问长度用 How long。 3. Where is the deepest point in the ocean? It is in the Mariana Trench.  句意翻译：海洋中最深的地方在哪里？它位于马里亚纳海沟。  句型结构：Where is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + 范围？ It is in ...  关键知识点：用 Where 询问地点，形容词最高级修饰名词表示 “最…… 的地方”。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：世界上最深的湖在哪里？它位于俄罗斯。  Where is the ___ lake in the world? It is in Russia.  答案与解析：deepest 解析：deep 的最高级是 deepest，修饰名词 lake。 4. How deep is it? It is about 11,000 meters deep.  句意翻译：它有多深呢？它的深度约为 11000 米。  句型结构：How + 形容词（deep/high 等）+ be + 主语？ It is + 数量 + 单位 + 形容词  关键知识点：用 How deep 询问深度，回答时可用 “数量 + 单位 + 形容词” 的结构。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：这座楼有多高？它高约 100 米。  How ___ is the building? It is about 100 meters high.  答案与解析：high 解析：询问高度用 How high。 5. Some blind animals can “see” as well as others.  句意翻译：有些失明的动物也能像正常动物一样 “看见” 东西。  句型结构：主语 + can + 动词 + as well as + 对比对象  关键知识点：as well as 表示 “和…… 一样好”，用于原级比较。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：他跑得和他哥哥一样快。  He can run ___ fast ___ his brother.  答案与解析：as; as 解析：as ... as ... 用于原级比较，中间接形容词或副词原级。 6. Mount Qomolangma is still growing taller.  句意翻译：珠穆朗玛峰仍在不断增高。  句型结构：主语 + be + 现在分词 + 形容词比较级  关键知识点：现在进行时与形容词比较级连用，表示 “正在变得越来越……”。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：天气变得越来越冷了。  The weather is getting ___ and ___ .  答案与解析：colder; colder 解析：比较级 + and + 比较级 表示 “越来越……”。 7. The Yangtze River travels the farthest in China and is about 6,300 kilometres long.  句意翻译：长江是中国流经距离最长的河流，全长约 6300 公里。  句型结构：主语 + 动词 + the + 副词最高级 + 范围 + and + be + 数量 + 单位 + 形容词  关键知识点：副词最高级用于修饰动词，前可加 the，也可省略 the。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：汤姆在我们班跑得最快。  Tom runs ___ ___ in our class.  答案与解析：the fastest 解析：fast 的最高级是 fastest，副词最高级前可加 the。 8. Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop.  句意翻译：尼罗河和黄河都促进了古代文明的发展。  句型结构：Both A and B + 动词 + 宾语  关键知识点：both ... and ... 连接两个并列主语，谓语动词用复数形式。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。  ___ Tom ___ Mary like swimming.  答案与解析：Both; and 解析：both ... and ... 连接两个并列主语，谓语动词用复数。 本单元核心语法为形容词 / 副词的比较级与最高级和大数的表达 （一）形容词 / 副词的比较级与最高级 1. 核心用法 比较等级 用法 构成规则 例句 比较级 两者比较，常与 than 连用 ① 一般词尾 + er；② 以 e 结尾 + r；③ 辅音 + y 结尾变 y 为 i + er；④ 重读闭音节双写尾字母 + er；⑤ 多音节词前加 more The Yangtze River is longer than the Yellow River. 最高级 三者及以上比较，常与 in/of 连用 ① 一般词尾 + est；② 以 e 结尾 + st；③ 辅音 + y 结尾变 y 为 i + est；④ 重读闭音节双写尾字母 + est；⑤ 多音节词前加 most Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least 3. 常用结构 o 比较级 + and + 比较级：越来越…… o the + 比较级，the + 比较级：越……，越…… o as + 原级 + as：和…… 一样…… o one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数：最…… 之一 练习题 1. This river is ___ than that one. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 2. She is ___ student in her class. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 3. The ___ you study, the ___ grades you will get. A. harder; better B. hard; good C. harder; good D. hard; better 4. This book is not ___ interesting ___ that one. A. as; so B. so; as C. as; as D. so; so 5. The Great Wall is one of ___ buildings in the world. A. famous B. more famous C. most famous D. the most famous 答案与解析 1. B 解析：than 是比较级的标志，long 的比较级是 longer。 2. D 解析：in her class 是最高级的范围，good 的最高级是 best，前加 the。 3. A 解析：the + 比较级，the + 比较级 表示 “越……，越……”，hard 的比较级是 harder，good 的比较级是 better。 4. B 解析：not so/as + 原级 + as 表示 “不如……”，此处用 not so interesting as。 5. D 解析：one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数 是固定结构，famous 的最高级是 the most famous。 （二）大数的表达 1. 核心用法 中文 英文 数字 例句 百 hundred 100 three hundred（三百） 千 thousand 1,000 five thousand（五千） 百万 million 1,000,000 one million（一百万） 十亿 billion 1,000,000,000 two billion（二十亿） 2. 读法规则 o 百位和十位之间加 and（英式英语），如 325 → three hundred and twenty-five。 o 千位以上的数从右往左每三位分一段，依次为 thousand、million、billion。 o 复合表达：数字 + 单位 + 形容词，如 8,848.86 metres high（8848.86 米高）。 练习题 1. 5,000 is read as ___. A. five thousand B. five thousands C. five thousand of D. five thousands of 2. 1,200 can be read as one thousand two hundred or ___. A. twelve hundred B. twelve hundreds C. a thousand two hundred D. thousand two hundred 3. 3,456 is read as ___. A. three thousand four hundred fifty-six B. three thousand four hundred and fifty-six 4. The lake is about 200 ___ deep. A. metre B. metries C. metress D. metres 5. The population of this city is about two ___ . A. million B. millions C. million of D. millions of . 答案与解析 1. A 解析：hundred/thousand/million 前有具体数字时，用单数形式。 2. A 解析：1200 可读作 one thousand two hundred 或 twelve hundred。 3. B 解析：英式英语中，百位和十位之间加 and，3456 读作 three thousand four hundred and fifty-six。 4. D 解析：200 后接可数名词复数，metre 的复数形式是 metres。 5. A 解析：million 前有具体数字 two 时，用单数形式。 1、 阅读理解 A Here are four famous rivers. Let’s have a look! Length: about 6,650 km Location: Sudan, Egypt The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It’s known for being the lifeblood (命脉) of Ancient Egypt. This river is famous because it was important in Ancient Egypt. Also, the Nile River is important for farming, transportation (交通) and drinking water. Length: about 2,525 km Location: India Though it isn’t the largest river in Asia, the Ganges River is still well-known. This river provides millions of people with water for farming. There are nearly 150 species of fish living there today. Other animals also live in and around it, like snakes and various insects. Length: about 650 km Location: Australia You may not have ever heard of the Finke River. It’s not very long and it doesn’t even flow all the time. However, scientists have considered (认为) it as the oldest river in the world. That’s the reason why this river is well-known! Length: about 6,400 km Location: Peru, Colombia, Brazil The Amazon River is the second-longest river in the world. But it has the largest discharge (流量) in the world, up to 219,000 m3 per second! The Congo River, with the second largest discharge, has only 20% of its discharge! The Amazon River is also well- known for having no bridges crossing it. 1．Which river is the longest one in the world according to the passage? A．The Ganges River. B．The Nile River. C．The Amazon River. D．The Finke River. 2．What is the Ganges River famous for? A．Providing water for farming and supporting many living things B．Being the oldest river in the world C．Having the largest discharge in the world D．Being the lifeblood of Ancient India 3．Why is the Finke River well-known? A．It flows all year round in Australia. B．It is the longest river in Australia. C．It is considered the world’s oldest river. D．It has many rare fish and insects. 4．What can we know about the Amazon River? A．It is the longest river in South America. B．Its discharge is 20% of the Congo River’s. C．There are many famous bridges over it. D．It runs through Sudan and Egypt. 5．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A maths book. B．A history story. C．A travel magazine. D．An English book. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了世界上四条著名河流的长度、位置及特点。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Nile River is the longest river in the world”可知，尼罗河是世界最长河流。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Though it isn’t the largest river in Asia, the Ganges River is still well-known. This river provides millions of people with water for farming. There are nearly 150 species of fish living there today. Other animals also live in and around it, like snakes and various insects.”可知，恒河为农业提供水源，且拥有丰富的生物多样性。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“However, scientists have considered (认为) it as the oldest river in the world. That’s the reason why this river is well-known!”可知，芬克河被认为是世界上最古老的河流，这是它出名的原因。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Length: about 6,400 km Location: Peru, Colombia, Brazil The Amazon River is the second-longest river in the world. But it has the largest discharge (流量) in the world, up to 219,000 m3 per second!”可知，亚马逊河位于南美洲，是世界上第二长河，且流量世界第一，刚果河流量仅为它的20%，由此可推测，亚马逊河应是南美洲里最长的河流。故选A。 5．推理判断题。文章介绍了不同河流的位置、特点，这类内容最可能出现在旅行杂志中。故选C。 B Mount Qomolangma, at 8,848.86 meters, is the highest mountain in the world. It’s one of the greatest natural wonders that many climbers want to explore. Do you know how Mount Qomolangma started to form?Mount Qomolangma’s rocks once sat at the bottom of the ocean. Around 45 million years ago, the Indian plate (板块) moved and hit the Eurasian plate. It made the land rise up and Mount Qomolangma formed. Do you know that Mount Qomolangma keeps growing?According to a new study by scientists from University College London (UCL) Qomolangma grew by 15 to 50 meters because of a geographic event about 89,000 years ago. However, the UCL team found that Mount Qomolangma is growing faster these years. They estimated (估计) this to be between 0.16 and 0.53 millimeters each year! Now the height of Mount Qomolangma rises a little bit every year because of big forces (力量) under the ground. It is also affected by weather conditions such as ice and snow. And rivers also affect it. The Arun River, which runs close to Mount Qomolangma, has been cutting through rocks and washing away the land over time. This makes the mountain lighter, allowing it to rise like a boat when weight is taken away. The process of this rising is isostatic rebound (地壳均衡回弹). This means the earth’s surface moves up or down when something heavy is taken away or put on. Mount Qomolangma is not the only mountain that changes. The UCL team said that nearby mountains, Lhotse and Makalu, the fourth and fifth highest in the world, are also growing a little bit each year. How amazing nature is! 6．新考向 开篇方式 How does the writer start the passage? A．By showing a fact. B．By telling a story. C．By asking a question. D．By listing numbers. 7．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How high Mount Qomolangma is. B．Where Mount Qomolangma is. C．How Mount Qomolangma formed. D．How old Mount Qomolangma is. 8．What makes Mount Qomolangma rise? ①Rivers.  ②Humans.  ③Sea level.  ④Weather conditions.  ⑤Big forces under the ground. A．③④⑤ B．①④⑤ C．①②③ D．①③⑤ 9．新考向 篇章结构 What would be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 10．新考向 标题概括 What would be the best title for the passage? A．Climbing to the top B．Mount Qomolangma is getting taller C．Research on Mount Qomolangma D．Go and visit Mount Qomolangma 【答案】6．A 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的形成原因、持续增高的现状及相关影响因素。 6．推理判断题。根据第一段“Mount Qomolangma, at 8,848.86 meters, is the highest mountain in the world.”可知，作者通过展示一个事实来开篇。故选A。 7．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Do you know how Mount Qomolangma started to form?”及后文内容可知，该段主要介绍珠穆朗玛峰的形成过程。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据第四段“Now the height of Mount Qomolangma rises a little bit every year because of big forces under the ground. It is also affected by weather conditions such as ice and snow. And rivers also affect it.”可知，导致珠穆朗玛峰升高的因素包括地下的巨大力量、天气状况和河流，对应①④⑤。故选B。 9．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文是总—分—总的结构。第一段引出珠穆朗玛峰，第二段介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的形成，第三段介绍了其升高的速度，第四段介绍了其升高的原因，最后一段总结全文。故选C。 10．最佳标题题。文章围绕珠穆朗玛峰持续增高的现象展开，“Mount Qomolangma is getting taller”最能概括全文，作为最佳标题。故选B。 二、完形填空 On Oct.1 last year, I went to Jilin with my parents to see Tianchi Lake. Jilin is in northeast China, which is a very 11 place in winter. Some parts of the mountain are 12 with ice and snow nearly all year round. But the scenery is beautiful. The most beautiful 13 is Tianchi Lake. Tianchi Lake is one of the most famous and beautiful places in China. Every year, many 14 go there and visit it. When I got to Changbai Mountain, it appeared to be like a giant (巨人). It was 15 hard at that time and the road became slippery (滑的). I was really worried about whether I could 16 the top of the mountain and see Tianchi Lake. After a while, I felt very tired and my legs were so heavy. But I didn’t want to 17 halfway. I overcame (克服) all of these difficulties and continued my journey. When I got to the top of the mountain and saw Tianchi Lake with my own eyes, I was 18 . Because of the rain, it was hiding in fog. When the fog finally faded away, I saw it was completely surrounded (环绕) by mountains. The water of Tianchi Lake is very clear. The 19 of its surface is blue, the same as the color of the sea. 20 when I looked closer, I could see that it was actually kind of deep green. How beautiful it was! When you stand by Tianchi Lake, it’s like you are in a fantasy land. The beauty of Tianchi Lake is totally beyond description (难以形容). I just want to go there again! 11．A．hot B．cold C．cool D．warm 12．A．covered B．worried C．relaxed D．tired 13．A．room B．holiday C．restaurant D．place 14．A．scientists B．pianists C．tourists D．violinists 15．A．raining B．windy C．cloudy D．sunny 16．A．protect B．achieve C．reach D．succeed 17．A．take up B．cut up C．turn up D．give up 18．A．amazed B．interesting C．boring D．understanding 19．A．color B．price C．land D．tree 20．A．And B．Although C．But D．If 【答案】 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．A 16．C 17．D 18．A 19．A 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去年十月和父母前往吉林天池旅行的经历，描述了长白山的冬日景象、登山途中的困难，以及亲眼见到天池美景时的震撼，表达了对天池风光的赞美与再次前往的渴望。 11．句意：吉林在中国东北，冬天是一个非常寒冷的地方。 hot炎热的；cold寒冷的；cool凉爽的；warm温暖的。 根据“Jilin is in northeast China, which is a very ... place in winter. Some parts of the mountain are covered with ice and snow nearly all year round”可知，东北的冬天非常寒冷，且山上常年有冰雪。故选B。 12．句意：这座山的一些地方几乎全年都被冰雪覆盖。 covered覆盖；worried担心的；relaxed放松的；tired疲惫的。 根据“Some parts of the mountain are ... with ice and snow nearly all year round”可知，be covered with是固定搭配，意为“被……覆盖”，符合山上有冰雪覆盖的描述。故选A。 13．句意：最美的地方是天池。 room房间；holiday假期；restaurant餐馆；place地方。 根据“The most beautiful ... is Tianchi Lake. Tianchi Lake is one of the most famous and beautiful places in China”可知，天池是一个美丽的地方，place与后文places呼应。故选D。 14．句意：每年，许多游客都会去那里参观。 scientists科学家；pianists钢琴家；tourists游客；violinists小提琴手。 根据“Every year, many ... go there and visit it”可知，天池作为旅游景点，每年会吸引很多游客前往参观。故选C。 15．句意：那时雨下得很大，路变得很滑。 raining下雨的；windy刮风的；cloudy多云的；sunny晴朗的。 根据“It was ... hard at that time and the road became slippery. Because of the rain, it was hiding in fog”可知，当时雨下得很大，导致路滑且有雾，raining与后文rain呼应。故选A。 16．句意：我很担心自己能否到达山顶，看到天池。 protect保护；achieve实现；reach到达；succeed成功。 根据“I was really worried about whether I could ... the top of the mountain and see Tianchi Lake”可知，作者担心自己能否到达山顶，reach the top是固定搭配，意为“到达顶部”。故选C。 17．句意：但我不想半途而废。 take up开始做；cut up切碎；turn up出现；give up放弃。 根据“After a while, I felt very tired and my legs were so heavy. But I didn’t want to ... halfway”可知，作者虽然疲惫，但不想中途放弃登山，give up符合语境。故选D。 18．句意：当我到达山顶，亲眼看到天池时，我感到十分震撼。 amazed震撼的、惊讶的；interesting有趣的；boring无聊的；understanding善解人意的。 根据“When I got to the top of the mountain and saw Tianchi Lake with my own eyes, I was ... How beautiful it was!”可知，看到天池的美景让作者感到震撼，amazed符合此时的感受。故选A。 19．句意：它表面的颜色是蓝色的，和大海的颜色一样。 color颜色；price价格；land陆地；tree树木。 根据“The ... of its surface is blue, the same as the color of the sea”可知，此处描述天池表面的颜色，color与后文color呼应。故选A。 20．句意：但当我凑近看时，我发现它实际上是一种深邃的绿色。 And和；Although尽管；But但是；If如果。根据“The color of its surface is blue, the same as the color of the sea .... when I looked closer, I could see that it was actually kind of deep green”可知，前文说表面是蓝色，后文说凑近看是绿色，前后是转折关系，用But。故选C。 三、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 One summer, my family went on a journey and saw some of the 21 (amaze) sights in America. Our favourite place was Niagara Falls. It 22 (include) three different waterfalls: Horseshoe Falls, Bridal Veil Falls 23 American Falls. They go into the Niagara River and form a 24 (nature) boundary between the United States and Canada. There are several different ways to see the powerful waters: on foot, by boat or by air. On the first night, we walked 25 Niagara Forest to American Falls. We could 26 (simple) hear the loud sound of the water clearly before we reached the falls. During our following tour, the falling water 27 (shock) us when we were standing just six metres away from Bridal Veil Falls. It was a perfect place 28 (enjoy) the power of the falls. In fact, we haven’t travelled for two years. Now I’m looking forward to 29 (have) a wonderful trip. There is so much to see in the world. We will continue our journey of 30 (explore) the world. 【答案】 21．amazing 22．includes 23．and 24．natural 25．through 26．simply 27．shocked 28．to enjoy 29．having 30．exploring 【导语】本文讲述作者一家在夏天的美国之旅中，游览尼亚加拉大瀑布的经历，介绍了瀑布的组成、观赏方式，以及作者对旅行和探索世界的期待。 21．句意：一个夏天，我们全家去旅行，看到了美国一些令人惊叹的景色。此处修饰“sights”，用“amaze”的形容词“amazing”（表事物令人惊叹）。故填amazing。 22．句意：它包含三个不同的瀑布：马蹄瀑布、新娘面纱瀑布和美国瀑布。主语“It”是单数，一般现在时中谓语动词用“includes”。故填includes。 23．句意：它包含三个不同的瀑布：马蹄瀑布、新娘面纱瀑布和美国瀑布。此处表并列，用连词“and”。故填and。 24．句意：它们汇入尼亚加拉河，形成美国和加拿大之间的天然边界。此处修饰“boundary”，用“nature”的形容词“natural”。故填natural。 25．句意：第一天晚上，我们穿过尼亚加拉森林到达美国瀑布。表示“穿过（森林）”用介词“through”。故填through。 26．句意：我们能轻易听到水流的巨大声响。此处修饰动词“hear”，用“simple”的副词“simply”。故填simply。 27．句意：在接下来的游览中，当我们站在离新娘面纱瀑布仅6米远的地方时，倾泻的水流震撼了我们。根据“were standing”可知用一般过去时，“shock”的过去式是“shocked”。故填shocked。 28．句意：这是享受瀑布力量的绝佳地点。此处表目的，用动词不定式“to enjoy”。故填to enjoy。 29．句意：现在我期待着有一次精彩的旅行。“look forward to doing sth.”是固定搭配，“have”的动名词是“having”。故填having。 30．句意：我们将继续探索世界的旅程。“of”是介词，后接动名词“exploring”。故填exploring。 22 / 22乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $优秀生培养计划 第4讲 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature（新教材人教版） 内容提要 高频词汇 常考短语 重点句型 核心语法 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 核心考点精准练 模块四 综合题型助提升 1. Vocabulary Master 15 key words and their derivatives to describe natural wonders accurately. 2. Sentence Patterns Learn 8 basic sentence patterns to ask about and introduce natural landscapes. 3. Grammar Grasp comparatives, superlatives and large number expressions for daily use. 1. wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/n. 奇观；惊叹 v. 想知道；感到诧异  核心含义：作名词指令人惊叹的自然或人文景观；作动词指心里产生疑问。  常见搭配：natural wonders（自然奇观）、wonder at sth.（对某事感到惊叹）、wonder if/whether（想知道是否）  例句：The Great Barrier Reef is one of the natural wonders of the world.  拓展：形容词形式为 wonderful（绝妙的；精彩的）  练习题 1. The Grand Canyon is a famous natural ___. A. wonder B. wonderful C. wondering D. wondered 2. I ___ what life is like under the sea. (用 wonder 的适当形式填空) 3. Which sentence uses "wonder" as a verb? A. It is a wonder to see the sunrise. B. I wonder how he got there. 2. depth /depθ/n. 深（度）；纵深  核心含义：指从表面到底部的垂直距离，或抽象的深度。  常见搭配：in depth（深入地）、depth of the ocean（海洋深度）、a depth of 100 meters（100 米的深度）  例句：The depth of the Mariana Trench is about 11,000 meters.  拓展：形容词形式为 deep（深的），动词形式为 deepen（加深）  练习题 1. We don’t know the ___ of this lake. A. deep B. depth C. deepen D. deeply 2. The river is 5 meters in ___. (用 deep 的适当形式填空) 3. What’s the adjective form of "depth"? A. deep B. deeply C. deepen D. depthy 3. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/v. & n. 研究；调查  核心含义：作动词和名词，指为了发现新信息而进行的系统性探究。  常见搭配：do research on sth.（对某事进行研究）、research into（深入研究）、scientific research（科学研究）  例句：Scientists are doing research on the coral reefs.  拓展：researcher 是名词，意为 “研究者；研究员”  练习题 1. She is a ___ who studies marine life. A. research B. researched C. researching D. researcher 2. They ___ the effects of climate change on plants. (用 research 的适当形式填空) 3. Which is correct? A. He does a research on birds. B. He does research on birds. 4. unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/adj. 特别的；不寻常的  核心含义：指不同于平常的、罕见的。  常见搭配：an unusual phenomenon（不寻常的现象）、unusual weather（反常的天气）  例句：It is unusual to see snow in this city.  拓展：反义词为 usual（平常的），副词形式为 usually（通常）  练习题 1. This is an ___ animal that lives in the deep sea. A. usual B. unusual C. usually D. unusually 2. It is ___ for him to be late—he is always on time. (用 usual 的适当形式填空) 3. What’s the opposite of "unusual"? A. usual B. unusual C. common D. ordinary 5. survive /səˈvaɪv/v. 生存；存活；艰难度过  核心含义：指在危险、困难的环境中继续存活，或挺过难关。  常见搭配：survive in the desert（在沙漠中生存）、survive an accident（从事故中幸存）、survive on sth.（靠某物存活）  例句：Few animals can survive in the freezing conditions of the Arctic.  拓展：名词形式为 survival（生存）、survivor（幸存者）  练习题 1. How do these plants ___ in the dry desert? A. survival B. survive C. survivor D. surviving 2. He is the only ___ of the plane crash. (用 survive 的适当形式填空) 3. These birds ___ on small insects. A. stay B. live C. survive D. keep 6. determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/adj. 有决心的；坚决的  核心含义：指意志坚定，下定决心要做某事。  常见搭配：be determined to do sth.（决心做某事）、a determined look（坚定的表情）  例句：The climbers are determined to reach the top of the mountain.  拓展：动词形式为 determine（决定），名词形式为 determination（决心）  练习题 1. She is ___ to finish the work today. A. determine B. determined C. determination D. determining 2. His ___ helped him overcome many difficulties. (用 determine 的适当形式填空) 3. They are ___ to win the game. A. decide B. decision C. determined D. determine 7. measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/v. 测量；量度为 n. 措施；度量单位  核心含义：作动词指用工具测量尺寸、数量；作名词指措施或计量单位。  常见搭配：measure the length（测量长度）、take measures（采取措施）、a measure of weight（重量单位）  例句：We need to measure the depth of the river before we cross it.  拓展：名词形式为 measurement（测量；尺寸）  练习题 1. Can you ___ the distance between these two points? A. measure B. measurement C. measured D. measuring 2. The government has taken ___ to protect the environment. (用 measure 的适当形式填空) 3. What does "take measures" mean? A. 测量尺寸 B. 采取措施 C. 制定计划 D. 执行任务 8. risk /rɪsk/v. 使…… 冒风险 n. 危险；风险  核心含义：作动词指冒着危险做某事；作名词指可能发生的危险。  常见搭配：risk one’s life（冒着生命危险）、take a risk（冒险）、at risk（处于危险中）  例句：Many climbers risk their lives to climb Mount Qomolangma.  拓展：形容词形式为 risky（有风险的）  练习题 1. It is ___ to swim in this deep river. A. risk B. risky C. risking D. risked 2. He ___ his life to save the child from the fire. (用 risk 的适当形式填空) 3. Don’t take a ___ when you are driving. A. risking B. risky C. risks D. risk 9. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/n. 好奇心；求知欲  核心含义：指想要了解未知事物的欲望。  常见搭配：out of curiosity（出于好奇）、arouse one’s curiosity（引起某人的好奇心）  例句：Human curiosity drives people to explore the unknown world.  拓展：形容词形式为 curious（好奇的），常用搭配 be curious about sth.  练习题 1. The child’s ___ made him ask many questions. A. curious B. curiosity C. curiously D. curiousness 2. She is ___ about the underwater world. (用 curiosity 的适当形式填空) 3. He opened the box out of ___. A. curious B. curiosity C. curiously D. curiousness 10. natural /ˈnætʃrəl/adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的  核心含义：指与自然有关的，非人工制造的。  常见搭配：natural resources（自然资源）、natural beauty（自然美景）、natural disasters（自然灾害）  例句：The Grand Canyon is a great example of natural beauty.  拓展：名词形式为 nature（自然；天性）  练习题 1. We should protect ___ resources for future generations. A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. naturality 2. It is ___ for birds to fly south in winter. (用 nature 的适当形式填空) 3. Which is a natural disaster? A. Earthquake B. Car accident C. Fire in a building D. Plane crash 11. attract /əˈtrækt/v. 吸引；招引；引起（反应）  核心含义：指引起他人的兴趣、注意力或好感。  常见搭配：attract attention（吸引注意力）、attract tourists（吸引游客）、be attracted to（被…… 吸引）  例句：The beautiful scenery of Guilin attracts millions of tourists every year.  拓展：名词形式为 attraction（吸引力；景点），形容词形式为 attractive（有吸引力的）  练习题 1. The Great Wall is a major tourist ___ in China. A. attract B. attraction C. attractive D. attracting 2. The colorful flowers ___ many bees. (用 attract 的适当形式填空) 3. She is an ___ woman with a warm smile. A. attract B. attraction C. attractive D. attracting 12. distance /ˈdɪstəns/n. 距离；遥远  核心含义：指两个地方之间的空间长度，或抽象的疏远感。  常见搭配：in the distance（在远处）、a long distance（远距离）、keep distance from（与…… 保持距离）  例句：The distance from my home to school is about two kilometers.  拓展：形容词形式为 distant（遥远的）  练习题 1. We can see the mountains in the ___. A. distant B. distance C. distantly D. distancing 2. The ___ between the two cities is 500 miles. (用 distant 的适当形式填空) 3. What’s the adjective form of "distance"? A. distancing B. distance C. distantly D. distant 13. located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/adj. 位于；坐落在  核心含义：指某物的地理位置。  常见搭配：be located in/on/at（位于……）  例句：The new library is located in the center of the city.  拓展：动词形式为 locate（定位；位于），名词形式为 location（位置；地点）  练习题 1. The hotel is ___ near the beach. A. locate B. located C. location D. locating 2. What is the ___ of the meeting? (用 locate 的适当形式填空) 3. The museum is ___ in a beautiful park. A. locate B. located C. location D. locating 14. condition /kənˈdɪʃn/n. 状态；境况  核心含义：指事物的状态，或人所处的环境、健康状况。  常见搭配：in good condition（状态良好）、terrible conditions（恶劣的环境）、living conditions（生活条件）  例句：The climbers had to face terrible weather conditions on the mountain.  拓展：conditions 常用复数形式表示 “环境；条件”  练习题 1. The old building is in poor ___. A. condition B. conditions C. conditional D. conditioned 2. The ___ in the desert are very harsh. (用 condition 的适当形式填空) 3. We need to improve the working ___ of the workers. A. condition B. conditioned C. conditional D. conditions 15. successfully /səkˈsesfəli/adv. 成功地；顺利地  核心含义：指做事达到预期目标，没有失败。  常见搭配：successfully complete a task（成功完成任务）、successfully climb the mountain（成功登顶）  例句：The Chinese team successfully reached the top of Mount Qomolangma again.  拓展：形容词形式为 successful（成功的），名词形式为 success（成功），动词形式为 succeed（成功）  练习题 1. He ___ passed the driving test. A. success B. successful C. successfully D. succeed 2. Her ___ came from hard work. (用 successfully 的适当形式填空) 3. She is a ___ businesswoman. A. success B. successful C. successfully D. succeed 1. natural wonders 自然奇观  核心用法：名词短语，指自然界中令人惊叹的景观。  例句：The Amazon Rainforest and the Great Barrier Reef are famous natural wonders.  拓展：wonder 作可数名词，复数形式为 wonders  练习题 1. Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest ___ in the world. A. natural wonder B. natural wonders C. nature wonder D. nature wonders 2. We learned about many ___ in geography class. (用 natural wonder 的适当形式填空) 2. deep sea 深海  核心用法：名词短语，指海洋中水深较大的区域。  例句：Scientists are exploring the deep sea to find new species.  拓展：相关短语有 deep-sea research（深海研究）、deep-sea creatures（深海生物）  练习题 1. ___ creatures have special adaptations to live in dark environments. A. Deep sea B. Deep seas C. Deep-seas D. Deep-sea 2. They are doing ___ research to study the ocean floor. (用 deep sea 的适当形式填空) 3. ancient civilizations 古代文明  核心用法：名词短语，指古代人类创造的文化和社会体系。  例句：The Nile River helped many ancient civilizations to develop.  拓展：civilization 可写作 civilisation，复数形式为 civilizations  练习题 1. We should learn from the wisdom of ___. A. ancient civilization B. ancient civilizations C. ancient civilisation D. ancient civilisations 2. The Yellow River is the birthplace of Chinese ___. (用 ancient civilization 的适当形式填空) 4. freshwater lake 淡水湖  核心用法：名词短语，指湖水含盐量低的湖泊。  例句：Lake Baikal is the deepest freshwater lake in the world.  拓展：反义词组为 salt lake（盐湖）  练习题 1. This ___ is home to many kinds of fish. A. freshwater lake B. fresh water lake C. fresh-water lake D. freshwaters lake 2. There are many ___ in this region. (用 freshwater lake 的适当形式填空) 5. coral reef 珊瑚礁  核心用法：名词短语，指由珊瑚虫的骨骼堆积而成的礁石。  例句：The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world.  拓展：复数形式为 coral reefs  练习题 1. The ___ are in danger because of climate change. A. coral reef B. coral reefs C. corals reef D. corals reefs 2. Many fish live in the ___. (用 coral reef 的适当形式填空) 6. in size 在尺寸上；在大小方面  核心用法：介词短语，用于描述物体的大小规模。  例句：The Sahara Desert is about 9,000,000 square kilometers in size.  拓展：类似短语有 in length（在长度上）、in depth（在深度上）  练习题 1. This room is 20 square meters ___. A. on size B. in sizes C. at size D. in size 2. The two boxes are the same ___. (用 in size 的适当形式填空) 7. risk one’s life 冒着生命危险  核心用法：动词短语，指为了某事不顾生命安危。  例句：Many explorers risk their lives to explore unknown places.  拓展：同义短语为 put one’s life at risk  练习题 1. He ___ to save the girl from the burning building. A. risked his life B. risked his lives C. risk his life D. risk his lives 2. Climbers often ___ to reach the top of high mountains. (用 risk one’s life 的适当形式填空) 8. out of curiosity 出于好奇  核心用法：介词短语，作状语，说明做某事的原因是好奇。  例句：Out of curiosity, he opened the door to see what was inside.  拓展：curiosity 是不可数名词，不能加 s  练习题 1. ___ , she asked the teacher about the strange phenomenon. A. Out of curious B. Out of curiosity C. Because of curious D. Because of curiosity 2. He went to the museum ___ . (用 out of curiosity 的适当形式填空) 9. in depth 深入地；全面地  核心用法：介词短语，作状语，指对事物进行深入的研究或讨论。  例句：We need to study this problem in depth to find a solution.  拓展：depth 是名词，in depth 不能写作 in depths  练习题 1. The article discusses the environmental problem ___. A. at depths B. in depths C. at depth D. in depth 2. The scientist studied the data ___ to get accurate results. (用 in depth 的适当形式填空) 10. in good condition 状态良好  核心用法：介词短语，指物体、设备或人的状态好。  例句：Although the car is old, it is still in good condition.  拓展：反义词组为 in poor condition（状态不佳）  练习题 1. The old bridge is still ___ after hundreds of years. A. in good condition B. in good conditions C. at good condition D. at good conditions 2. We should keep the equipment ___ . (用 in good condition 的适当形式填空) 11. take measures 采取措施  核心用法：动词短语，指为了解决问题而采取行动。  例句：The government must take measures to protect the endangered animals.  拓展：measure 作 “措施” 讲时，常用复数形式  练习题 1. We should ___ to reduce air pollution. A. take measure B. take measures C. make measure D. make measures 2. The school ___ to improve students’ safety. (用 take measures 的适当形式填空) 12. one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 最…… 之一  核心用法：固定结构，用于表示某物是同类事物中最突出的一个。  例句：The Great Wall is one of the most famous buildings in the world.  拓展：形容词最高级前必须加 the  练习题 1. The elephant is ___ animals on land. A. one of the largest B. one of the large C. one of largest D. one of large 2. This is ___ beautiful places I have ever seen. (用 one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数的形式填空) 1. What is the biggest desert in the world? It is the Sahara Desert.  句意翻译：世界上最大的沙漠是什么？是撒哈拉沙漠。  句型结构：What is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + 范围？ It is ...  关键知识点：形容词最高级用于三者及以上比较，后接 in/of 短语限定范围。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：世界上最高的山是什么？是珠穆朗玛峰。  What is the ___ mountain in the world? It is Mount Qomolangma. 2. How big is it? It is about 9,000,000 square kilometers in size.  句意翻译：它有多大？它的面积约为 900 万平方千米。  句型结构：How + 形容词（big/deep/long 等）+ be + 主语？ It is + 数量 + 单位 + in size/depth/length 等  关键知识点：用 How + 形容词询问物体的尺寸、深度等，用 in + 名词回答具体维度。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：这条河有多长？它长约 6300 公里。  How ___ is the river? It is about 6,300 kilometers in length. 3. Where is the deepest point in the ocean? It is in the Mariana Trench.  句意翻译：海洋中最深的地方在哪里？它位于马里亚纳海沟。  句型结构：Where is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + 范围？ It is in ...  关键知识点：用 Where 询问地点，形容词最高级修饰名词表示 “最…… 的地方”。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：世界上最深的湖在哪里？它位于俄罗斯。  Where is the ___ lake in the world? It is in Russia. 4. How deep is it? It is about 11,000 meters deep.  句意翻译：它有多深呢？它的深度约为 11000 米。  句型结构：How + 形容词（deep/high 等）+ be + 主语？ It is + 数量 + 单位 + 形容词  关键知识点：用 How deep 询问深度，回答时可用 “数量 + 单位 + 形容词” 的结构。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：这座楼有多高？它高约 100 米。  How ___ is the building? It is about 100 meters high. 5. Some blind animals can “see” as well as others.  句意翻译：有些失明的动物也能像正常动物一样 “看见” 东西。  句型结构：主语 + can + 动词 + as well as + 对比对象  关键知识点：as well as 表示 “和…… 一样好”，用于原级比较。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：他跑得和他哥哥一样快。  He can run ___ fast ___ his brother. 6. Mount Qomolangma is still growing taller.  句意翻译：珠穆朗玛峰仍在不断增高。  句型结构：主语 + be + 现在分词 + 形容词比较级  关键知识点：现在进行时与形容词比较级连用，表示 “正在变得越来越……”。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：天气变得越来越冷了。  The weather is getting ___ and ___ . 7. The Yangtze River travels the farthest in China and is about 6,300 kilometres long.  句意翻译：长江是中国流经距离最长的河流，全长约 6300 公里。  句型结构：主语 + 动词 + the + 副词最高级 + 范围 + and + be + 数量 + 单位 + 形容词  关键知识点：副词最高级用于修饰动词，前可加 the，也可省略 the。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：汤姆在我们班跑得最快。  Tom runs ___ ___ in our class. 8. Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop.  句意翻译：尼罗河和黄河都促进了古代文明的发展。  句型结构：Both A and B + 动词 + 宾语  关键知识点：both ... and ... 连接两个并列主语，谓语动词用复数形式。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。  ___ Tom ___ Mary like swimming. 本单元核心语法为形容词 / 副词的比较级与最高级和大数的表达 （一）形容词 / 副词的比较级与最高级 1. 核心用法 比较等级 用法 构成规则 例句 比较级 两者比较，常与 than 连用 ① 一般词尾 + er；② 以 e 结尾 + r；③ 辅音 + y 结尾变 y 为 i + er；④ 重读闭音节双写尾字母 + er；⑤ 多音节词前加 more The Yangtze River is longer than the Yellow River. 最高级 三者及以上比较，常与 in/of 连用 ① 一般词尾 + est；② 以 e 结尾 + st；③ 辅音 + y 结尾变 y 为 i + est；④ 重读闭音节双写尾字母 + est；⑤ 多音节词前加 most Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least 3. 常用结构 o 比较级 + and + 比较级：越来越…… o the + 比较级，the + 比较级：越……，越…… o as + 原级 + as：和…… 一样…… o one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数：最…… 之一 练习题 1. This river is ___ than that one. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 2. She is ___ student in her class. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 3. The ___ you study, the ___ grades you will get. A. harder; better B. hard; good C. harder; good D. hard; better 4. This book is not ___ interesting ___ that one. A. as; so B. so; as C. as; as D. so; so 5. The Great Wall is one of ___ buildings in the world. A. famous B. more famous C. most famous D. the most famous （二）大数的表达 1. 核心用法 中文 英文 数字 例句 百 hundred 100 three hundred（三百） 千 thousand 1,000 five thousand（五千） 百万 million 1,000,000 one million（一百万） 十亿 billion 1,000,000,000 two billion（二十亿） 2. 读法规则 o 百位和十位之间加 and（英式英语），如 325 → three hundred and twenty-five。 o 千位以上的数从右往左每三位分一段，依次为 thousand、million、billion。 o 复合表达：数字 + 单位 + 形容词，如 8,848.86 metres high（8848.86 米高）。 练习题 1. 5,000 is read as ___. A. five thousand B. five thousands C. five thousand of D. five thousands of 2. 1,200 can be read as one thousand two hundred or ___. A. twelve hundred B. twelve hundreds C. a thousand two hundred D. thousand two hundred 3. 3,456 is read as ___. A. three thousand four hundred fifty-six B. three thousand four hundred and fifty-six 4. The lake is about 200 ___ deep. A. metre B. metries C. metress D. metres 5. The population of this city is about two ___ . A. million B. millions C. million of D. millions of 1、 阅读理解 A Here are four famous rivers. Let’s have a look! Length: about 6,650 km Location: Sudan, Egypt The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It’s known for being the lifeblood (命脉) of Ancient Egypt. This river is famous because it was important in Ancient Egypt. Also, the Nile River is important for farming, transportation (交通) and drinking water. Length: about 2,525 km Location: India Though it isn’t the largest river in Asia, the Ganges River is still well-known. This river provides millions of people with water for farming. There are nearly 150 species of fish living there today. Other animals also live in and around it, like snakes and various insects. Length: about 650 km Location: Australia You may not have ever heard of the Finke River. It’s not very long and it doesn’t even flow all the time. However, scientists have considered (认为) it as the oldest river in the world. That’s the reason why this river is well-known! Length: about 6,400 km Location: Peru, Colombia, Brazil The Amazon River is the second-longest river in the world. But it has the largest discharge (流量) in the world, up to 219,000 m3 per second! The Congo River, with the second largest discharge, has only 20% of its discharge! The Amazon River is also well- known for having no bridges crossing it. 1．Which river is the longest one in the world according to the passage? A．The Ganges River. B．The Nile River. C．The Amazon River. D．The Finke River. 2．What is the Ganges River famous for? A．Providing water for farming and supporting many living things B．Being the oldest river in the world C．Having the largest discharge in the world D．Being the lifeblood of Ancient India 3．Why is the Finke River well-known? A．It flows all year round in Australia. B．It is the longest river in Australia. C．It is considered the world’s oldest river. D．It has many rare fish and insects. 4．What can we know about the Amazon River? A．It is the longest river in South America. B．Its discharge is 20% of the Congo River’s. C．There are many famous bridges over it. D．It runs through Sudan and Egypt. 5．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A maths book. B．A history story. C．A travel magazine. D．An English book. B Mount Qomolangma, at 8,848.86 meters, is the highest mountain in the world. It’s one of the greatest natural wonders that many climbers want to explore. Do you know how Mount Qomolangma started to form?Mount Qomolangma’s rocks once sat at the bottom of the ocean. Around 45 million years ago, the Indian plate (板块) moved and hit the Eurasian plate. It made the land rise up and Mount Qomolangma formed. Do you know that Mount Qomolangma keeps growing?According to a new study by scientists from University College London (UCL) Qomolangma grew by 15 to 50 meters because of a geographic event about 89,000 years ago. However, the UCL team found that Mount Qomolangma is growing faster these years. They estimated (估计) this to be between 0.16 and 0.53 millimeters each year! Now the height of Mount Qomolangma rises a little bit every year because of big forces (力量) under the ground. It is also affected by weather conditions such as ice and snow. And rivers also affect it. The Arun River, which runs close to Mount Qomolangma, has been cutting through rocks and washing away the land over time. This makes the mountain lighter, allowing it to rise like a boat when weight is taken away. The process of this rising is isostatic rebound (地壳均衡回弹). This means the earth’s surface moves up or down when something heavy is taken away or put on. Mount Qomolangma is not the only mountain that changes. The UCL team said that nearby mountains, Lhotse and Makalu, the fourth and fifth highest in the world, are also growing a little bit each year. How amazing nature is! 6．新考向 开篇方式 How does the writer start the passage? A．By showing a fact. B．By telling a story. C．By asking a question. D．By listing numbers. 7．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How high Mount Qomolangma is. B．Where Mount Qomolangma is. C．How Mount Qomolangma formed. D．How old Mount Qomolangma is. 8．What makes Mount Qomolangma rise? ①Rivers.  ②Humans.  ③Sea level.  ④Weather conditions.  ⑤Big forces under the ground. A．③④⑤ B．①④⑤ C．①②③ D．①③⑤ 9．新考向 篇章结构 What would be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 10．新考向 标题概括 What would be the best title for the passage? A．Climbing to the top B．Mount Qomolangma is getting taller C．Research on Mount Qomolangma D．Go and visit Mount Qomolangma 二、完形填空 On Oct.1 last year, I went to Jilin with my parents to see Tianchi Lake. Jilin is in northeast China, which is a very 11 place in winter. Some parts of the mountain are 12 with ice and snow nearly all year round. But the scenery is beautiful. The most beautiful 13 is Tianchi Lake. Tianchi Lake is one of the most famous and beautiful places in China. Every year, many 14 go there and visit it. When I got to Changbai Mountain, it appeared to be like a giant (巨人). It was 15 hard at that time and the road became slippery (滑的). I was really worried about whether I could 16 the top of the mountain and see Tianchi Lake. After a while, I felt very tired and my legs were so heavy. But I didn’t want to 17 halfway. I overcame (克服) all of these difficulties and continued my journey. When I got to the top of the mountain and saw Tianchi Lake with my own eyes, I was 18 . Because of the rain, it was hiding in fog. When the fog finally faded away, I saw it was completely surrounded (环绕) by mountains. The water of Tianchi Lake is very clear. The 19 of its surface is blue, the same as the color of the sea. 20 when I looked closer, I could see that it was actually kind of deep green. How beautiful it was! When you stand by Tianchi Lake, it’s like you are in a fantasy land. The beauty of Tianchi Lake is totally beyond description (难以形容). I just want to go there again! 11．A．hot B．cold C．cool D．warm 12．A．covered B．worried C．relaxed D．tired 13．A．room B．holiday C．restaurant D．place 14．A．scientists B．pianists C．tourists D．violinists 15．A．raining B．windy C．cloudy D．sunny 16．A．protect B．achieve C．reach D．succeed 17．A．take up B．cut up C．turn up D．give up 18．A．amazed B．interesting C．boring D．understanding 19．A．color B．price C．land D．tree 20．A．And B．Although C．But D．If 三、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 One summer, my family went on a journey and saw some of the 21 (amaze) sights in America. Our favourite place was Niagara Falls. It 22 (include) three different waterfalls: Horseshoe Falls, Bridal Veil Falls 23 American Falls. They go into the Niagara River and form a 24 (nature) boundary between the United States and Canada. There are several different ways to see the powerful waters: on foot, by boat or by air. On the first night, we walked 25 Niagara Forest to American Falls. We could 26 (simple) hear the loud sound of the water clearly before we reached the falls. During our following tour, the falling water 27 (shock) us when we were standing just six metres away from Bridal Veil Falls. It was a perfect place 28 (enjoy) the power of the falls. In fact, we haven’t travelled for two years. Now I’m looking forward to 29 (have) a wonderful trip. There is so much to see in the world. We will continue our journey of 30 (explore) the world. 16 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $