2026年中考英语复习学案 定语从句

定语从句课后基础练习（含答案） 一、高频考点： 1、关系代词与关系副词的辨析选择：根据从句所缺成分（主语/宾语/定语用关系代词，状语用关系副词）及先行词属性（人/物/时间/地点/原因）判定关系词，是中考单选、语法填空的核心考点。 2、关系词的特殊选用规则：只能用that的5种场景（先行词为不定代词、被最高级/序数词/the only等修饰、既有人又有物、主句是who/which开头的疑问句）；只能用which的3种场景（非限制性定语从句、“介词+which”结构、指代整个句子），常出现在单选和改错题中。 3、“介词+关系代词”结构：介词的选择依据（从句动词/形容词/名词的搭配、先行词与介词的搭配、句意），以及固定短语动词的介词不可前置的规则，是语法填空和完成句子的高频考点。 4、限制性与非限制性定语从句的区分：通过标点（逗号分隔）、关系词限制（非限制性不能用that）、功能差异（补充说明vs限定）辨析，常出现在改错题或完形填空的语境判断中。 5、定语从句与同位语从句、强调句的辨析：通过“关系词是否充当成分”“去掉结构后句子是否完整”等特征区分，偶尔出现在单选的语境辨析题中。 6、关系词的省略规则：关系代词作宾语/表语可省略、why在the reason后可省略等，常隐含在语法填空或句子改写题中。 二、易错点： 1、混淆关系代词与关系副词的使用：未判断从句缺状语（时间/地点/原因），错用which/that代替when/where/why，如将“I like the village where I grew up”误写为“I like the village which I grew up”。 2、介词后误用who代替whom：忽略“介词后必须用whom”的规则，如将“The girl to whom I lent my pen”误写为“The girl to who I lent my pen”。 3、whose的误用：不会用whose表所属（尤其是指物时），或混淆whose与who/which的用法，如将“The house whose roof is red”误写为“The house who roof is red”。 4、拆分固定短语动词：在“介词+关系代词”结构中错误前置固定短语的介词，如将“The kids whom she looks after”误写为“The kids after whom she looks”。 5、非限制性定语从句中误用that：忽略“that不能引导非限制性定语从句”的规则，如将“His bike, which was lost last week, is found now”误写为“His bike, that was lost last week, is found now”。 6、混淆定语从句与同位语从句：误将同位语从句（that不充当成分）判定为定语从句，如误认“The news that we won the game is true”为定语从句。 7、错误省略作主语的关系代词：如将“The book which is on the desk is mine”误写为“The book is on the desk is mine”，忽略关系代词作主语不可省略的规则。 8、先行词既有人又有物时误用who/which：如将“I remember the teachers and schools that I visited”误写为“I remember the teachers and schools who I visited”。 定语从句专题练习题（含答案） 一、单项选择（1-10题） 1、This is the girl ____ I lent my favorite novel last week. A. who B. whom C. to who D. to whom 2、I still remember the small village ____ I spent my childhood with my grandparents. A. which B. that C. where D. when 3、This is the most interesting story ____ I have ever read in my life. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 4、My old bike, ____ I bought three years ago, is still working well. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 5、The movie ____ we saw last night made all of us cry. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose 6、I will never forget the teachers and the classrooms ____ gave me so many sweet memories. A. which B. that C. who D. where 7、The reason ____ he was late for school is that he missed the early bus. A. why B. which C. that D. who 8、Look at the children ____ she is looking after. They are so happy. A. who B. whom C. that D. 以上都对 9、Is there anything ____ I can do for you? A. which B. that C. who D. whom 10、The person ____ you met at the gate is our new head teacher. A. whom B. which C. where D. when 二、语法填空（11-15题） 1、I live in a house ____ window faces the beautiful lake. 2、He won the first prize in the competition, ____ made his parents very proud. 3、The man ____ we are talking about is a famous scientist. 4、This is the book ____ I paid 30 yuan last month.（填“介词+关系代词”结构） 5、I will never forget the day ____ I first joined the school club.（填“介词+关系代词”结构） 三、短文改错（16-18题，每句一处错误） 1、The girl to who I gave a gift on her birthday is my best friend. 2、His new book, that came out last month, has sold over 10,000 copies. 3、I like the city which I grew up with my parents. 四、句型转换与句子辨析（19-20题） 1、将下列定语从句简化为分词短语：The boy who is playing basketball on the playground is my cousin. → ___________________________ 2、辨析下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句，并说明理由： ① The news that our team won the game made everyone excited. ② The news that he told me yesterday made everyone excited. 答案与解析 1、答案：D 解析：考点为「介词+关系代词」结构，lend sth. to sb.是固定搭配，介词to后需用whom指代人，不能用who。A、B缺少介词to，C中to后用who错误，故选D。 2、答案：C 解析：考点为关系副词的辨析，从句I spent my childhood...中不缺主语或宾语，缺地点状语，先行词是village（地点），故用where。A、B是关系代词，需在从句中作主语/宾语；D是关系副词指时间，均不符合，故选C。 3、答案：B 解析：考点为只能用that的特殊情况，先行词story被最高级the most interesting修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。A、C、D均不符合规则，故选B。 4、答案：B 解析：考点为非限制性定语从句的关系词选择，从句前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，指代物（bike），需用which，不能用that。C、D指代人，不符合，故选B。 5、答案：C 解析：考点为关系代词的省略规则，先行词是movie（物），从句中saw的宾语是movie，故可用that/which，且作宾语时可省略。A、B指代人，D表所属，均不符合，故选C。 6、答案：B 解析：考点为只能用that的特殊情况，先行词是teachers and classrooms（既有人又有物），只能用that引导定语从句。A指代物，C指代人，D是关系副词，均不符合，故选B。 7、答案：A 解析：考点为关系副词why的用法，先行词是reason，从句中缺原因状语，故用why（相当于for which）。B、C是关系代词，需在从句中作主语/宾语；D指代人，均不符合，故选A。 8、答案：D 解析：考点为关系代词作宾语的用法，先行词是children（人），从句中look after的宾语是children，故可用whom/who/that，且作宾语时可省略，因此A、B、C都对，选D。 9、答案：B 解析：考点为只能用that的特殊情况，先行词是不定代词anything，只能用that引导定语从句，故选B。 10、答案：A 解析：考点为关系代词的选择，先行词是person（人），从句中met的宾语是person，故用whom（也可用who/that）。B指代物，C、D是关系副词，均不符合，故选A。 11、答案：whose 解析：考点为whose的用法，指代house（物），在从句中作window的定语表所属，相当于the window of which，故填whose。 12、答案：which 解析：考点为只能用which的特殊情况，which指代前面整个句子He won the first prize...，引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。 13、答案：whom/who/that（可省略） 解析：考点为关系代词作宾语的省略规则，先行词是man（人），从句中talking about的宾语是man，故可用whom/who/that，且可省略。 14、答案：for which 解析：考点为「介词+关系代词」结构，pay for sth.是固定搭配，故用for which，相当于that/which...for。 15、答案：on which 解析：考点为「介词+关系代词」结构，先行词是day，与介词on搭配（on the day），故用on which，相当于when。 16、答案：将who改为whom 解析：易错点为介词后误用who，介词to后指代人需用whom，不能用who，故改who为whom。 17、答案：将that改为which 解析：易错点为非限制性定语从句误用that，从句前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，指代物（book），需用which，不能用that，故改that为which。 18、答案：将which改为where 解析：易错点为混淆关系代词与副词，从句I grew up...中缺地点状语，先行词是city（地点），需用where，which是关系代词需在从句中作主语/宾语，故改which为where。 19、答案：The boy playing basketball on the playground is my cousin. 解析：考点为定语从句简化为分词短语，从句中boy与play是主动关系，故将who is playing简化为现在分词短语playing。 20、答案：①同位语从句；理由：that在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，从句是对news内容的解释说明，与news是等同关系。②定语从句；理由：that在从句中作told的宾语，指代news，从句是修饰限定news的定语。 解析：考点为定语从句与同位语从句的辨析，核心区别是that是否在从句中充当成分，同位语从句的that不充当成分，定语从句的that需作成分。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $