Unit 6 知识梳理+配套题目 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

8B U6 Welcome 一、词汇： 单词 词性 词义 文中短语 语言点 blind adj. 瞎的，失明的 a blind person the blind 盲人们 the+adj.表示一类人，看作三复 词性转换：blindness n. 失明 deaf adj. 聋的 deaf people the deaf 聋人们 the+adj.表示一类人，看作三复 词性转换：deafness n. 失聪 disabled adj. 有残疾的 a disabled person the disabled 残疾人们 the+adj.表示一类人，看作三复 词性转换：disability n. 缺陷，残疾 elderly adj. 年纪较大的，上了年纪的 an elderly person the elderly 长者们 the+adj.表示一类人，看作三复 词性转换：elder n. 长者，长辈 adj. 年纪较长的 disability n. (某种)缺陷，障碍 What about people with disabilities 注意复数：disabilities 词性转换：disabled adj. 有残疾的 service n. 服务 different kinds of services 强调具体的服务或种类可数 短语：be in service 投入使用 词性转换： serve v. 服务；供应，提供 donate vt.&vi. 捐赠；捐献 They usually do so by donating money. donate sth. to sb. 把……捐赠给…… 词性转换：donation n. 捐赠物 二、句型： 1. Let's work hand in hand for a beautiful life. 让我们携手共进，共创美好生活。 短语：hand in hand 手拉手，携手 类似短语：arm in arm（臂挽臂）、shoulder to shoulder（肩并肩）、face to face（面对面）、heart to heart（心连心）、back to back（背靠背）、side by side（并排）、step by step（逐步）、one by one（逐一） 2. For example, many governments around the world provide places for homeless people to stay. 例如，世界各地的许多政府都为无家可归者提供住所。 句型：为某人提供某物 provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth. to stay做后置定语，修饰places，不需要加介词。 3. Most governments provide different kinds of services for the disabled to help them live a full life. 大多数政府为残疾人提供各种服务，帮助他们过上充实的生活。 短语：live a full life 过上充实的生活 Reading 一、词汇： 单词 词性 词义 文中短语 语言点 expect vt. 预料；期盼，预期 what to expect 1. 短语句型：expect to do; expect sb. to do; expect+从句 如果一件事情是众望所归的，往往要用被动，如： Chinese football team is expected to win the game. 2. 不要忽略预料这层含义，并且注意时态，通常是过去时，如： The film is as wonderful as I expected. 3. 注意拼写不要跟except混淆 athlete n. 运动员 give athletes with different kinds of disabilities a chance to show their confidence and skills to the world. 注意复数和所有格 confidence n. 自信心；信心 短语：have confidence in... 对……有信心 词性转换：confident adj. 有信心的 require vt. 需要，依靠 This great international event requires support from lots of volunteers. require sth. 需要某物 require sb. to do 要求某人做某事 require doing 某物需要被做 词性转换：requirement n. 要求 receive vt. 受到；接到 They received the necessary training. 与accept的区别： accept表示主观意愿上接受，receive表示收到 necessary adj. 必需的，必要的 句型：It is necessary for sb. to do 反义词：unnecessary adj. 不必要的 词性转换：necessity n. 必需品 wheelchair n. 轮椅 help athletes in wheelchairs get on and off the bus 注意复数 remind vt. 提醒 remind them to put their seat belts on remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某物 词性转换：reminder n. 提醒 seat belt n. (汽车或飞机上的)安全带 注意复数 medal n. 奖牌 It seemed to them that the most important thing was not to win a medal, gold or silver,but to take part in the competition. 注意复数 gold n. 金牌；金 表示金牌可数 其他词性：adj. 金的 (材质) 词性转换：golden adj. 金色的 silver n. 银牌；银 表示银牌可数 其他词性：adj. 银的，银色的 competition n. 比赛 注意复数 词性转换：compete vi. 竞争 background n. 出身背景；背景 volunteers from different backgrounds 注意复数，但是放在名词前不要加复数：many background pictures 常见短语：against the background of.. ability n. 才能，本领，才智 show their abilities through sport 注意复数：abilities 词性转换：able adj. 有能力的 warm-hearted adj. 善良诚恳的 the warm-hearted volunteers courage n. 勇气 Their courage to achieve their goals, their love for life and spirit of never giving up have greatly influenced me. 不可数名词 词性转换：encourage vt. 鼓励 achieve vt. 达到(目标等);完成 词性转换：achievement n. 成就 greatly adv. 非常，很 词性转换：great adj. influence vt.&n. 影响 短语：have an influence on.... 二、句型： 1. Liu Ming, a student from a university in Beijing, did not know what to expect when he volunteered for the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. 刘明是北京一所大学的学生，当他志愿参加北京2022年冬残奥会时，他并不知道会发生什么。 短语：what to expect （what做的是动词的宾语） volunteer for... 为……做志愿者 2. It's fantastic to work as a volunteer! 做志愿者真是太棒了！ 短语：work as... 作为……工作 3. The Paralympic Winter Games give athletes with different kinds of disabilities a chance to show their confidence and skills to the world. 冬季残奥会为各类残疾运动员提供了一个向世界展示自信与技能的机会。 短语：给……一个做某事的机会 give sb. a chance to do... 各类残疾运动员 athletes with different kinds of disabilities 4. It is really nice of them to give up their spare time to help at the event. 他们放弃自己的业余时间来为活动提供帮助，真是太好了。 句型：It is adj. of sb. to do 当形容词形容人的品性，介词用of。 give up 放弃 代词放中间 give up doing 放弃做某事 在活动中 at the event 5. They received the necessary training so that they could provide help and protection for these amazing athletes. 他们接受了必要的培训，以便能够为这些杰出的运动员提供帮助和保护。 so that 以便于……，引导目的状语从句 6. His main job was to help athletes in wheelchairs get on and off the bus and remind them to put their seat belts on. 他的主要工作是帮助坐轮椅的运动员上下公交车，并提醒他们系好安全带。 句型：One’s main job is to do sth. to do做表语的句型：one’s dream/duty/goal... is to do.... 短语：get on 上车 get off... 下车 这两个短语是动介短语，所以代词放后面。 get on the bus/it get off the bus/it 上下小汽车用get into/out of the car put on 穿上，戴上，系上 这个短语是动副短语，代词放中间 7. It seemed to them that the most important thing was not to win a medal, gold or silver, but to take part in the competition. 在他们看来，最重要的不是赢得奖牌，无论是金牌还是银牌，而是参与比赛。 句型：not...but.... 不是……而是…… the most important thing is to do...... 最重要的事情是做…… 8. The Paralympic Winter Games bring people together. 冬季残奥会将人们聚集在一起。 短语：bring...together 将……聚集/团结在一起 9. Athletes and volunteers from different backgrounds feel like part of one big family. 来自不同背景的运动员和志愿者们感觉就像是一个大家庭的一部分。 短语：feel like... 感觉像…… 后面可以加名词，可以加that从句。 feel like doing 想要做某事 part of... ……的一部分 10. The athletes do their best to show their abilities through sport, while the warm-hearted volunteers are ready to offer them support and help make the event a great success. 运动员们竭尽全力通过体育赛事展现自己的能力，而热心肠的志愿者们则随时准备为他们提供支持，助力赛事取得圆满成功。 句型：do one’s best to do 尽全力做某事 短语：through sth. 通过…… make sth.+名词 使得……成为…… while表对比，前一句说运动会，后一句说志愿者。 success表示具体的成功，要加a。 11. Their courage to achieve their goals, their love for life and spirit of never giving up have greatly influenced me. 他们为实现目标所展现的勇气、对生活的热爱以及永不言弃的精神，都对我产生了深远的影响。 短语：one’s courage to do 某人做某事的勇气 one’s love for sth. 某人对……的哎 one’s spirit of.... 某人……的精神 12. An introduction to the Paralympic Winter Games and the support from volunteers 冬季残奥会简介及志愿者支持 短语：……的简介 an introduction to.... 注意介词 类似短语：the ticket/answer/key to..... 13. Most of us had no experience of volunteering in such an important event, so it was necessary for us to receive some training. 我们大多数人都没有在如此重要的活动中做志愿者的经验，因此我们有必要接受一些培训。 experience表示经验不可数，表示经历可数 have experience of... 有……的经验 短语：receive training 受训 14. During our training, I found out my job was to provide help for the athletes. 在我们的训练过程中，我发现我的工作是为运动员提供帮助。 find out+宾语从句，发现…… find out其他句型：find out about sth. 查明关于……的信息 15. It was quite a meaningful job because I got the chance to share the joy of the athletes' success. 这是一份很有意义的工作，因为我有机会分享运动员们成功时的喜悦。 短语：get the chance to do 得到做某事的机会 the joy of... ……的喜悦 16. She was proud of herself for winning the competition. 她为自己赢得比赛而感到自豪。 短语：因……而为……骄傲 be proud of sb. for sth./doing sth. 【巩固练习】 1. My dream is __________ a dancer one day, and I will do what I can ____________ my dream. A. to be; to come true B. being; to achieve C. being; come true D. to be; to achieve 2. To them. the most important thing is ___________ make much money,___________ get together. A. not to; nut B. not; but C. not; but to D. not to ; but to 3. By ____________ local doctors and nurses, we expect _____________ more patients. A. train; help B. training; to help C. training; helping D. train; helping 4. As students,we can ___________ out extra pocket money _____________ Project Hope. A. raise; to B. gives; for C. donate; to D. send; with 5. Volunteers make the meeting __________ by ___________. A. a success; hard-working B. success; working hard C successful; working hard D. success; hard-working 6. The novel Hometown came out of Lu Xun's _________in his early times. A. information B. suggestions C. interviews D. experiences 7. ---Do you think our football team will win the final? ---Yes. We have better players, so I _________them to win. A. hope B. warn C. expect D. ask 8. I feel it hard to keep up with my classmate in English. But whenever I want to _______, my English teacher always encourages me to work harder. A. give out B. give up C. give off D. give back 9. Though(尽管)Linda is _______, she can do most things that people with good eyes can do. A. blind B. deaf C. homeless D. poor 10. The people who are more confident have more ________ to make themselves successful. A. excuses B. chances C. education D. price 11. ---Look! The two brothers are arguing (争吵) about what to do next. ---Oh, well. In fact, the ______ brother’s idea is ________ the younger’s. A. elder; different from B. elder; similar to C. elderly; similar in D. elderly; the same as 12. ---I hear that the old man has given up ________! ---Yes, he has already given ________. A. drinking; it up B. to drink; up it C. drinking; up it D. to drink; it up 13. ---What do you think of being a volunteer _______ the YOG(青奥会)? ---Well, I feel proud that I can work here ________ a volunteer. A. with; for B. for; with C. for; as D. as; for 14. ---What do you think of the opening ceremony (开幕式) of Changzhou 16th sports meeting? ---Wonderful! _________ our city makes the event! A. What a great success B. What great success C. How a great success D. How great success 15. ---Yesterday I read an article about Zhong Nanshan who led to ________ success in fighting the virus. ---Yes, I've heard about him before. He's ________ success in the medical field. A. a; / B. а; а C. /; a D. /; / 16. ---What a thick fog! I went the wrong way at the comer and finally got lost. ---It's easy to make a wrong turn here even under an ideal weather ____________. A. introduction B. conclusion C. condition D. communication 17. ---Why isn't he showing up at the birthday party? ---He is racing ________ the clock to finish his report on his project. A. opposite B. over C. against D. through 18. The ________ of new inventions (发明) should be to make life easier, not to make it harder. A. rules B. subjects C. secrets D. purposes 19. Fifteen per cent of the subjects ___________too hard for me, so I can't finish them__________any help. A. seems; without B. are; with C. is; without D. seem; without 20. ---We exchange students will come to Changzhou! ---That's great! Can you tell me which hotel ______ Changzhou? A. we can stay in B. to stay in C. to stay in in D. we can stay 21. ---Miss Hu, I haven't seen you for a long time. ---Yes, I _____ as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back yesterday. A. am working B. worked C. have worked D. work 22. ---What are these young girls doing? ---They are training ____ volunteers ____ the coming sports meeting. A. to be; to B. as; to C. for; for D. to be; for 23. --- In my opinion, these letters ________ people of care, friendship and love. --- I can't agree more. They can also help people reconsider the meaning of time. A. repeat B. require C. remind D. realize 24. The old radio requires ______, so you’d better ask someone _____ it soon. A. to repair; required B. requiring; repaired C. repairing; to repair D. to repair; repair 25. ---How do you like the trip to Tibet? ---It's really a beautiful place, and its fantastic scenes_____________me a lot. A. expressed B. explained C. impressed D. influenced 26. Please _________ the lights and __________ the car, will you? A. turn off; get on B. take off; get up C. turn. off; get into D. get off; get off 27. When the metro stopped, some people ______ the metro and some others ______. A. got off; got on it B. got off; got it on C. got it off; got on it D. got it off; got it on 28. To be honest, it is _________________ (必要) for such a young boy to learn many skills. 29. We will have a little trouble ___________________ (获得) success in a short time if nobody supports us. 30. In a harmonious society, either the ________________ (年老的) or tho young should be cared for. 31. Curry received a lot of ___________ (训练) before tho play-offs. 32. I will show your a brief ___________ (介绍) to this speech contest before you start. 33. We shouldn't miss __________________ (机会). We must take them if possible. 34. ______________ (提醒) him to turn off the lights before leaving is necessary. 35. There are many speech _____________ (竞赛) in our school ever year. 36. If you want to know more, you can search the Internet for the ________ (背景) of these important events? 37. There are many different _________ (背景) colors for you to choose to make your photos more interesting. 38. We are not born with _______________ (勇气). And we are not born with fear. 39. Did you know colors can ____________(影响) your moods? 40. To prevent snow _______________ (blind), he always remembers to wear a pair of sunglasses. 41. People with more confidence are likely to make themselves _____________(success) solve the problem. 42. Parents are always the most important ___________(support) of their children. 43. We are quite ____________ (pride) that be has made such great progress this term. 44. This restaurant is famous for its delicious food and a high level of ____________(serve). 45. Everything is ready but we are still not sure when __________(leave) for the next city. 46. It’s your last chance ____________(sail) around the world. 47. My purpose is not to get money from you , but____________(teach) you a lesson. 48. 对志愿者们来说，在奥运会之前接受训练是必要的。 It _____________________________________________________ 49. 那个老师足够友善来给他一个机会实现他的梦想。 The teacher is _____________________________________________________ his dream. 50. 志愿者们为运动员提供了支持，帮助他们实现了梦想。 Volunteers ___________________________________ and ____________________________________ 51. 这个项目的目的是帮助运动员们实现梦想。 ________________________ is _________________________________________. 52. 许多人已放弃他们的闲暇时间为残疾人提供支持。 An army of people _________________________________________________________________. 答案： 1-27 DDBCC DCBAB BACAC CCDDC BDCCC CA 28. unnecessary; 29. achieving; 30. elderly; 31. training; 32. introduction; 33. chances; 34. Reminding; 35. competitions; 36. backgrounds; 37. background; 38. courage; 39. influence; 40. blindness; 41. successfully; 42. supporters; 43. proud; 44. service 45. to leave; 46. to sail; 47. to teach 48. is necessary for the volunteers to receive training before the Olympics. 49. kind enough to give him a chance to realize 50. provided support for athletes; helped them (to) realize their dreams 51. The purpose of the project; to help athletes realize their dreams 52. have given up their spare time to provide support for the disabled Grammar 一、词汇： 单词 词性 词义 文中短语 语言点 cross vt.&vi. 穿越，横过 cross the road 宾语一般是平地，河流，桥 cross the square/river/bridge 词性转换：crossing n. 十字路口 across prep. 穿过；横过 charity n. 慈善机构(或组织) donate money to charities; a charity for children without parents 表示慈善机构可数，复数为charities 表示慈善不可数 ……的慈善机构：a charity for 二、重点句子： 1. Charities often raise money for different groups in need, but it's impossible for them to work without the help of volunteers. 慈善机构经常为不同的困难群体筹集资金，但如果没有志愿者的帮助，他们的工作将无法进行。 短语：raise ... for.... 为……筹集…… 区分donate ... to... 把……捐给…… 没有……的帮助 without the help of... 2. It's a home for elderly people. 这是为老年人提供的一个住所。 短语：a home for 一个为……提供的家 当介词是for时，home前要介词；而be home to这个短语中，home前不加介词。 三、语法： it做形式主语句型： 1. It is adj. to do 做某事是……的 it做真正的主语，to do是真正的主语 adjective to-infinitive It is important to help people in need. wonderful to watch them enjoy their lessons. meaningful to work as a volunteer. 2. It is +adj.+for sb.+to do 做某事对某人来说是……的，在这个句型中，形容词形容的是事情 adjective for someone to-infinitive It is important blind children to receive an education. necessary the government to build special schools for them. difficult the teachers to find good ways to teach blind children. 3. It is +adj.+of sb.+to do 某人做某事，某人是……的，在这个句型中，形容词形容人的品性 adjective someone to-infinitive It is nice of the government to create special schools like these. kind the teachers to work with these children. 【巩固练习】 1. It's nice _______ you to provide help ________ people ________ intellectual disabilities. A. of; for; with B. of, with; for C. for; for; with D. for; with; for 2. ---Yes, I agree. If my neighbors are busy, I can look after their children for them. --- __________like that. A. It's useful for them to do things B. It's wise of them to do things C. It's wrong of you to do things D. It's helpful of you to do things 3. It’s not easy ____________ him to take care of _____________ many children during the trip. A. of; such B. for; such C. of; so D. for; so 4. ---David, it is quite careless _________ your father to park his car in front of the school gate. ---I'm sorry! I'll ask him to avoid _________ there next time. A. for; parking B. for; to park C. of; parking D. of; to park 5. ---Do you think the question too hard ________? ---I don't think so. He can answer it easily. A. of Jim to answer B. of Jim to answer it C. for Jim to answer D. for Jim to answer it 6. It is ________ of the people to _______ money to the poor people! A. important; donating B. generous; raising C. meaningful; raise D. helpful; donate 7. It is rude ____ you to speak to the old man in this way, so it is important ____ us to master social skills. A. of; for B. of; of C. for; for D. for; of 8. Is there a supermarket __________ (cross) the road? 9. Please be careful when___________ (cross) a busy road. 10. 她真好，给我们一个向她解释的机会。 It is kind _______her ___________________________________________________________ 11. 对聋人而言，有必要接受特殊的训练吗？ Is it ________________________________________________________________? 12. 对于这些慈善机构来说，给无家可归的人提供帮助是有必要的。 It’s ___________________________ offer ________________________________________. 答案： 1-7 ADDCC DA 8. across; 9. crossing 10. of; to give us a chance to explain to her 11. necessary for the deaf to receive special training 12. It’s necessary for these charities to offer help to the homeless. Integration 一、词汇： 单词 词性 词义 文中短语 语言点 western adj. 西部的；西方国家的 in China's western areas 表示西方的这个意思时要大写 其他词性：n. 西部电影，西部小说 词性转换：west n. 西边 popularity n. 受欢迎，普及 This programme began in 2003 and has grown in popularity. 不可数名词 in popularity 受欢迎 词性转换：popular adj. 受欢迎的 chemistry n. 化学 teach Chemistry in a high school 表示科目时需大写 词性转换：chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学物质 north-western adj. 西北的，西北方向的 North-western China. 表示中国西北地区这个专有名称时，首字母要大写 词性转换：north-west n. 西北方 north-eastern adj. 东北的，东北方向的 North-eastern China 表示中国东北地区这个专有名称时，首字母要大写 词性转换：north-east n. 东北方 suffer vi.&vt. 受折磨；遭受；变差 The student, Xiao Wei, suffers from a serious blood disease. suffer from 遭受来自……的痛苦 及物时往往跟pain等承受的结果作宾语： suffer a lot of pain 词性转换：suffering n. 痛苦，苦难 blood n. 血液 不可数名词 词性转换：bleed-bled-bled vi. 流血 disease n. 病，疾病 注意复数 operation n. 手术 An operation would save him. 注意复数 短语：do an operation on sb. 给某人动手术 have an operation (病人)动手术 词性转换：operate vi. 动手术 operate on sb. 给某人动手术 二、句型： 1. Every year, more and more students sign up for this programme and volunteer for roles in education, health and other fields. 每年，越来越多的学生报名参加这个项目，并自愿在教育、卫生和其他领域担任志愿者。 短语：sign up for... 报名参加 volunteer for roles in.... 志愿在……方面起作用 2. less than 100 students 不到100个学生 less than 少于，不到 后面加可数名词 less...than.... 比……少 中间加不可数名词 3. It is also exciting to do something different as well as help the local children. 做些与众不同的事，同时还能帮助当地的孩子们，这同样令人兴奋。 短语：as well as 并且，也 4. We can hold an event to raise money. 我们可以举办一场活动来筹集资金。 短语：hold an event 举办一场活动 raise...for.... 为……筹集…… 5. If all of us give a helping hand, we can save Xiao Wei! 如果我们每个人都伸出援手，就能拯救小伟！ 短语：伸出援手 give a helping hand 6. He has been in hospital since last month. 他自上个月起一直在住院。 since是现在完成时及延续性动词的标志词 短语：be in hospital 住院 7. They do not have enough money for such an expensive operation. 他们没有足够的钱来进行如此昂贵的手术。 短语：这样……的…… such a/an adj. n. 有足够的钱用于 have enough money for.... 8. Without this operation, Xiao Wei may lose his life. 如果不进行手术，小伟可能会失去生命。 短语：lose one’s life 失去某人的生命 【巩固练习】 1. ---How is your brother going these days? ---Oh, sorry. He’s been _____ for a whole week. He has a serious heart ______. A. silk; disease B. ill; sickness C. illness; disease D. sickness; illness 2. _______ an eye operation _______ me will ______ at least 20,000 yuan. A. Making; for; take B. Doing; for: spend C. Doing; on; cost D. Making; on; pay 3. The shape of Water won four Oscars of the 90th Academy Awards, including Best Production Design, Best Score _____________ Best Director and Best Picture. A. as soon as B. as well as C. as much as D. as good as 4. Being a volunteer for an event is often amazing. A. such; such B. so; so C. such; so D. so; such 5. Mr. Smith is looking after his ______ mother. His mother ______ for two weeks. A. sick; has been ill in the hospital B. ill; has been sick in hospital C. ill; has been sick in the hospital D. sick; has been ill in hospital 6. _____________(化学) is a new subject but it's fit for me. 7. Dr Lu is really nervous since tomorrow will be his first time to have an _______(operate)on a patent. 8. 这名成年人献血给需要帮助的人，多勇敢啊！ How brave it ________________________________________________________________! 9. 这个有严重血液病的男孩需要尽快手术。 The boy ____________________ needs __________________________________. 10. 如果我们所有人可以伸出援助之手，我们就能使他免受一次手术。 If all ___________________________________, we can keep him _____________________________________. 11. 对重症患者来说，尽快接受手术是必须的。 _____________________________________________________________ as soon as possible. 12. 他们没有足够的时间去完成如此难的一个任务。 They don’t have _______________________ for ________________________. 13. may, doesn't, lose, this, life, his, operation, if , he, He, have ______________________________________________________________________________ 答案： 1-5 ACBCD 6. Chemistry; 7. operation 8. is of the adult to donate blood to people in need 9. with serious blood disease; to have an operation as soon as possible 10. of us can give a helping hand; from an operation 11. It is necessary for the patients with serious diseases to have operations 12. enough time; such a difficult task 13. He may lose his life if he doesn’t have this operation. 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $