Unit6单词讲解2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

2026-01-28
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摘要:

该初中英语讲义按教材单词表顺序系统构建Unit6词汇知识体系,通过“常见搭配-考点提示-经典例句”的结构化模块呈现每个单词,用对比归纳易混词(如elderly与older)、派生词(如blind→blindness)等重难点,清晰展现词汇内在联系与考点分布。 讲义的亮点在于“考点导向”的精准设计,如针对“the + 形容词”表群体(the disabled, the elderly)的主谓一致考点结合例句强化记忆,培养语言运用能力。通过辨析receive与accept的用法差异、require doing sth.的主动表被动结构提升思维品质,基础学生掌握搭配与考点,优秀学生深入探究语境运用,教师可据此实施分层教学,支持自主复习与精准教学。

内容正文:

译林英语八下Unit6单词讲解 (按教材单词表顺序) 1. blind /blaɪnd/ (adj. 瞎的,失明的) 常见搭配:be blind in one eye(一只眼失明);turn a blind eye(视而不见);be blind to sth.(对……视而不见) 考点提示:形容词,派生词为blindness(名词,失明);“the blind”表“盲人”群体,作主语时谓语动词用复数,属集合名词用法 经典例句:She is blind in her left eye, but she manages her life well. 2. deaf /def/ (adj. 聋的) 常见搭配:be deaf in one ear(一只耳聋);turn a deaf ear(充耳不闻);be deaf to advice(对劝告充耳不闻) 考点提示:形容词,派生词为deafness(名词,耳聋);“the deaf”表“聋人”群体,用法同“the blind”,谓语动词用复数 经典例句:He is deaf in both ears and communicates by sign language. 3. disabled /dɪsˈeɪbld/ (adj. 有残疾的) 常见搭配:disabled people(残疾人);a disabled child(残疾儿童);disabled access(无障碍通道) 考点提示:形容词,名词形式为disability(缺陷,障碍);“the disabled”表“残疾人群体”,前面必须加定冠词the,表一类人 经典例句:We should help disabled people in our daily life and show respect to them. 4. elderly /ˈeldəli/ (adj. 年纪较大的,上了年纪的) 常见搭配:the elderly(老年人);an elderly man(一位老人);elderly parents(年迈的父母) 考点提示:形容词,语气委婉正式,区别于older(仅表“年龄更大的”,无感情色彩);“the elderly”作主语时,谓语动词用复数 经典例句:The elderly need more care and attention from their families. 5. disability /ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/ (n. (某种)缺陷,障碍) 常见搭配:physical disability(身体残疾);learning disability(学习障碍);overcome a disability(克服障碍) 考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为disabilities;形容词形式为disabled(有残疾的),注意词性转换及单复数用法 经典例句:He was born with a hearing disability but never gave up his dream. 6. service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ (n. 服务) 常见搭配:public service(公共服务);at your service(随时为你服务);excellent service(优质服务) 考点提示:不可数名词,无复数形式;动词形式为serve(服务),常用搭配“serve sb.(为某人服务)” 经典例句:The hotel offers excellent service to all its guests. 7. donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ (vt. & vi. 捐赠;捐献) 常见搭配:donate money(捐款);donate blood(献血);donate sth. to sb./sth.(把某物捐赠给某人/某物) 考点提示:及物或不及物动词,名词形式为donation(捐赠物/捐赠行为);固定搭配中“to”为介词,后接名词或代词 经典例句:She donated her old clothes to the charity last week. 8. expect /ɪkˈspekt/ (vt. 预料;期盼,预期) 常见搭配:expect to do sth.(期待做某事);expect sb. to do sth.(期待某人做某事);expect sth. from sb.(对某人抱有期待) 考点提示:及物动词,名词形式为expectation(期待,期望);后接不定式,不可接动名词,注意搭配差异 经典例句:We expect to finish the work by the end of this week. 9. athlete /ˈæθliːt/ (n. 运动员) 常见搭配:a top athlete(顶尖运动员);an Olympic athlete(奥运选手);professional athlete(职业运动员) 考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为athletes;形容词形式为athletic(运动的,体格健壮的),注意发音与词性转换 经典例句:He is a professional athlete in the national swimming team. 10. confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ (n. 自信心;信心) 常见搭配:have confidence in(对……有信心);lose confidence(失去信心);with confidence(自信地) 考点提示:不可数名词,无复数形式;形容词形式为confident(自信的),常用搭配“be confident in” 经典例句:She has confidence in her ability to win the competition. 11. require /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)/ (vt. 需要,依靠) 常见搭配:require sth.(需要某物);require sb. to do sth.(要求某人做某事);require doing sth.(需要被做,主动表被动) 考点提示:及物动词,名词形式为requirement(要求,必要条件);后接动名词时表被动含义,如“The room requires cleaning” 经典例句:The job requires a lot of patience and experience. 12. receive /rɪˈsiːv/ (vt. 受到;接到) 常见搭配:receive a letter(收到一封信);receive a gift(收到礼物);receive an invitation(收到邀请) 考点提示:及物动词,名词形式为reception(接待,接收);区别于accept(接受),receive仅表“收到”,不强调主观态度 经典例句:I received an invitation to her birthday party yesterday. 13. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ (adj. 必需的,必要的) 常见搭配:it is necessary to do sth.(做某事是必要的);necessary skills(必要的技能);if necessary(如果有必要) 考点提示:形容词,副词形式为necessarily(必要地);反义词为unnecessary(不必要的),常用it作形式主语的句型 经典例句:It is necessary to wear a seat belt when driving a car. 14. wheelchair /ˈwiːltʃeə(r)/ (n. 轮椅) 常见搭配:a manual wheelchair(手动轮椅);an electric wheelchair(电动轮椅);use a wheelchair(使用轮椅) 考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为wheelchairs;由“wheel + chair”构成复合名词,属高频生活类词汇 经典例句:He uses a wheelchair to get around because of his leg injury. 15. remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ (vt. 提醒) 常见搭配:remind sb. to do sth.(提醒某人做某事);remind sb. of sth.(使某人想起某事);remind sb. that从句 考点提示:及物动词,后接双宾语相关搭配,两种核心用法需牢记,避免混淆介词to和of 经典例句:Please remind me to call my mother after dinner. 16. remind sb. to do sth. (固定搭配) 常见搭配:remind me to take medicine(提醒我吃药);remind her to lock the door(提醒她锁门) 考点提示:固定搭配,表“提醒某人做某事”,to后接动词原形;区别于remind sb. of sth.(后接名词/代词) 经典例句:She reminded me to lock the door before leaving the house. 17. seat belt /ˈsiːt belt/ (n. (汽车或飞机上的)安全带) 常见搭配:fasten the seat belt(系安全带);wear a seat belt(戴安全带);unfasten the seat belt(解开安全带) 考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为seat belts;常用祈使句“Fasten your seat belt.”(系好安全带),属出行类高频短语 经典例句:You must fasten your seat belt during take-off and landing. 18. medal /ˈmedl/ (n. 奖牌) 常见搭配:a gold medal(金牌);win a medal(赢得奖牌);a silver medal(银牌);a bronze medal(铜牌) 考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为medals;常与win、get、receive等动词搭配,用于体育比赛场景 经典例句:She won a gold medal in the Olympic Games. 19. gold /ɡəʊld/ (n. 金牌;金 adj. 金色的) 常见搭配:a gold medal(金牌);gold ring(金戒指);gold watch(金手表);gold hair(金发) 考点提示:作名词时为不可数名词,表“金、黄金”;作形容词时表“金色的”,注意与golden(金色的,珍贵的)区分 经典例句:He won the gold in the 100-meter race last year. 20. silver /ˈsɪlvə(r)/ (n. 银牌;银 adj. 银色的) 常见搭配:a silver medal(银牌);silver necklace(银项链);silver hair(银发);silver coin(银币) 考点提示:作名词时为不可数名词,表“银、白银”;作形容词时表“银色的”,用法与gold对应,属对称词汇 经典例句:She got a silver medal in the national swimming competition. 21. competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ (n. 比赛) 常见搭配:a sports competition(体育比赛);win a competition(赢得比赛);take part in a competition(参加比赛) 考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为competitions;动词形式为compete(竞争,参赛),派生词还有competitor(参赛者) 经典例句:He took part in a singing competition and won the first prize. 22. background /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ (n. 出身背景;背景) 常见搭配:family background(家庭背景);background music(背景音乐);in the background(在背景中) 考点提示:可数或不可数名词,表“背景信息、出身背景”时可可数,表“背景音、背景环境”时可不可数,需结合语境判断 经典例句:Her family background helped her get the job in the company. 23. ability /əˈbɪləti/ (n. 才能,本领,才智) 常见搭配:have the ability to do sth.(有能力做某事);a special ability(特殊才能);practical ability(实践能力) 考点提示:可数或不可数名词,表“具体才能”时可数,表“抽象能力”时不可数;形容词形式为able(能够的),常用搭配“be able to do” 经典例句:He has the ability to speak three foreign languages fluently. 24. warm-hearted /ˌwɔːm ˈhɑːtɪd/ (adj. 善良诚恳的,热心的) 常见搭配:a warm-hearted person(热心的人);be warm-hearted to sb.(对某人热心);warm-hearted help(热心的帮助) 考点提示:复合形容词,由“warm + hearted”构成,中间加连字符,只能作定语修饰名词,不能作表语 经典例句:She is a warm-hearted woman who always helps people in need. 25. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ (n. 勇气) 常见搭配:have the courage to do sth.(有勇气做某事);lose courage(失去勇气);with courage(勇敢地);take courage(鼓起勇气) 考点提示:不可数名词,无复数形式;形容词形式为courageous(勇敢的),注意与confidence(信心)区分含义 经典例句:It takes courage to admit your own mistakes openly. 26. achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ (vt. 达到(目标等);完成) 常见搭配:achieve a goal(达成目标);achieve success(取得成功);achieve one’s dream(实现梦想) 考点提示:及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语;名词形式为achievement(成就,可数名词),常用搭配“make achievements” 经典例句:He finally achieved his dream of becoming a doctor after years of hard work. 27. greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ (adv. 非常,很) 常见搭配:greatly improve(大幅提升);greatly help(极大帮助);greatly influence(深刻影响);greatly appreciate(非常感谢) 考点提示:副词,修饰动词、形容词或副词,表程度;形容词形式为great(伟大的,极好的),可替换为very、much(表程度时) 经典例句:Her English level has greatly improved since she started practicing every day. 28. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ (vt. & n. 影响) 常见搭配:influence sb.(影响某人);have an influence on(对……有影响);a great influence(重大影响) 考点提示:作动词时为及物动词,作名词时为可数或不可数名词;形容词形式为influential(有影响力的),固定搭配“have an influence on”需牢记 经典例句:His teacher’s words influenced his decision to study abroad. 29. cross /krɒs/ (vt. & vi. 穿越,横过) 常见搭配:cross the road(过马路);cross the river(过河);cross the street(穿过街道);cross the border(越过边境) 考点提示:及物或不及物动词;名词形式为crossing(十字路口,可数名词);区别于across(介词,需搭配动词使用,如walk across) 经典例句:Be careful when you cross the street, especially at night. 30. charity /ˈtʃærəti/ (n. 慈善机构(或组织);慈善) 常见搭配:a charity organization(慈善组织);charity work(慈善工作);donate to charity(向慈善机构捐款) 考点提示:可数名词(表慈善机构),复数形式为charities;不可数名词(表慈善行为);形容词形式为charitable(慈善的) 经典例句:The charity helps poor children in remote areas go to school. 31. western /ˈwestən/ (adj. 西部的;西方国家的) 常见搭配:western culture(西方文化);western food(西餐);western countries(西方国家);western music(西方音乐) 考点提示:形容词,名词形式为west(西方,名词);当特指“西方国家的”时,首字母可大写为Western,如Western customs 经典例句:She is very interested in western art and history. 32. popularity /ˌpɒpjuˈlærəti/ (n. 受欢迎,普及) 常见搭配:gain popularity(变得流行);the popularity of...(……的受欢迎程度);enjoy great popularity(广受欢迎) 考点提示:不可数名词,无复数形式;形容词形式为popular(受欢迎的),常用搭配“be popular with/among”(受……欢迎) 经典例句:The song gained great popularity online shortly after it was released. 33. chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ (n. 化学) 常见搭配:study chemistry(学化学);chemistry lab(化学实验室);chemistry teacher(化学老师);organic chemistry(有机化学) 考点提示:不可数名词,无复数形式;形容词形式为chemical(化学的,化学物质),注意发音与词性转换 经典例句:He is good at chemistry and physics, especially experimental operations. 34. north-western /ˌnɔːθ ˈwestən/ (adj. 西北的,西北方向的) 常见搭配:north-western China(中国西北);north-western wind(西北风);north-western region(西北地区) 考点提示:复合形容词,由“north + western”构成,中间加连字符;对应名词短语为the north-west(西北方) 经典例句:The north-western part of the country is famous for its dry climate and beautiful scenery. 35. north-eastern /ˌnɔːθ ˈiːstən/ (adj. 东北的,东北方向的) 常见搭配:north-eastern China(中国东北);north-eastern city(东北城市);north-eastern weather(东北的天气) 考点提示:复合形容词,结构同north-western,由“north + eastern”构成;对应名词短语为the north-east(东北方) 经典例句:Harbin is a famous north-eastern city in China, known for its ice festival. 36. suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ (vi. & vt. 受折磨;遭受;变差) 常见搭配:suffer from(遭受……);suffer pain(遭受痛苦);suffer loss(遭受损失);suffer from illness(患病) 考点提示:及物或不及物动词;表“遭受疾病、困难”时,需加介词from;表“遭受损失、痛苦”时,可直接接宾语 经典例句:He suffers from a rare disease and has to take medicine every day. 37. suffer from (固定短语) 常见搭配:suffer from headaches(头痛);suffer from poverty(遭受贫困);suffer from depression(患有抑郁症) 考点提示:固定短语,表“遭受(疾病、灾难、困境等);患……病”,from后接名词或代词,不可省略 经典例句:She has been suffering from anxiety since last year. 38. blood /blʌd/ (n. 血液) 常见搭配:donate blood(献血);blood type(血型);fresh blood(新鲜血液);lose blood(失血) 考点提示:不可数名词,无复数形式;形容词形式为bloody(流血的,血腥的),属高频医疗类词汇 经典例句:He has type O blood, which is a common blood type. 39. disease /dɪˈziːz/ (n. 病,疾病) 常见搭配:a serious disease(严重疾病);heart disease(心脏病);prevent disease(预防疾病);spread disease(传播疾病) 考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为diseases;区别于illness(多指轻微疾病、身体不适),disease多指严重的、有具体病因的疾病 经典例句:The disease spread quickly across the country last winter. 40. operation /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ (n. 手术;操作) 常见搭配:have an operation(做手术);a successful operation(成功的手术);perform an operation(做手术,医生视角) 考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为operations;动词形式为operate(手术,操作),常用搭配“operate on sb.”(给某人做手术) 经典例句:He had an operation on his knee last month and is now recovering. 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Unit6单词讲解2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册
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Unit6单词讲解2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册
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Unit6单词讲解2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册
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