内容正文:
专题08介词与代词(清单+专项训练)
目录
介词与代词语法清单
介词与代词语法易错点专项突破
介词与代词语法临考抢分技巧
介词与代词语法必练题型
介词与代词语法综合小测
介词与代词语法清单
一、介词 (Prepositions)
1. 时间介词
at:具体时刻(at 7:00)、节日(at Christmas)、固定短语(at night)
on:具体某天/日期(on Monday)、特定早晚(on the morning of May 1st)
in:年月季节世纪(in 2024)、早晚(in the morning)、一段时间后(in two days)
for:持续时间(for three years)
since:过去某时间点至今(since 2010)
by:截止到某时间(by tomorrow)
during:在…期间(during the holiday)
until/till:动作持续到某时间(wait until 10 p.m.)
2. 地点/方位介词
at:较小地点(at the door)、具体地址(at 123 Main Street)
in:较大范围(in China)、内部(in the room)
on:表面(on the wall)、左右岸(on the left)、楼层(on the second floor)
to:方向(go to school)、不接壤(Japan is to the east of China)
into:进入内部(jump into the water)
out of:从…出来
across:横穿表面(across the street)
through:穿过空间(through the forest)
between:两者之间
among:三者或以上之间
above/over:正上方(over 常指覆盖)
below/under:正下方(under 常指接触或覆盖)
3. 其他重要介词
with:伴随、工具、带有(a girl with glasses)
without:没有
by:方式(by bus)、被动语态施动者
for:目的(for fun)、对象(buy a gift for you)、原因(thank you for…)
of:所属(the capital of China)、材料(made of wood)
about:关于、大约
against:反对、靠着(against the wall)
4. 固定搭配
动词+介词:
agree with sb / agree on sth / agree to a plan
look at / look for / look after / look into
depend on / insist on / belong to
形容词+介词:
be good at / be interested in / be proud of
be famous for / be different from / be sorry for
名词+介词:
key to the door / reason for / solution to
二、代词 (Pronouns)
1. 人称代词
主格:I, you, he, she, it, we, they(作主语)
宾格:me, you, him, her, it, us, them(作动词/介词宾语)
易错点:在比较状语中,than/as 后常用宾格(非正式)或主格+动词(正式)
He is taller than me. / He is taller than I am.
2. 物主代词
形容词性:my, your, his, her, its, our, their(+名词)
名词性:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs(独立使用)
This is my book. = This book is mine.
3. 反身代词
形式:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
用法:
动作承受者是主语本身(He hurt himself.)
强调主语或宾语(I myself did it.)
固定短语:enjoy oneself, teach oneself, by oneself(独自)
4. 指示代词
单数:this(这个),that(那个)
复数:these(这些),those(那些)
特殊用法:
打电话:This is…(自我介绍),Is that…?(询问对方)
指代上文:that 指代前文提到的事,this 引出下文
避免重复:those who…(那些人…)
5. 不定代词
指人:
some/any(某人):Someone is waiting for you.
no one/nobody(没人)
everyone/everybody(每人)
指物:
something/anything/nothing/everything
数量概念:
all/both(全部/两者都)+ 复数动词
each/every(每个):each 强调个体,every 强调整体
neither/either(两者中无/任一):neither of + 复数名词 + 单数/复数动词
none(三者或以上无):none of + 复数名词 + 单/复数动词
易混辨析:
some/any:some 用于肯定句,any 用于疑问/否定句(但期待肯定回答时问句用 some)
few/a few(可数):few(几乎没有),a few(几个)
little/a little(不可数):little(几乎没有),a little(一点)
other/others/the other/another:
other + 复数名词
the other + 单数名词(两者中另一个)
others = other + 复数名词(泛指其他)
the others = the other + 复数名词(特指剩余全部)
another(三者或以上中另一个)
6. 疑问代词
指人:who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格)
指物:what,which(有选择范围时用)
易错:Whom did you meet?(口语中常用 who 代替 whom)
7. 关系代词(引导定语从句)
指人:who(主语),whom(宾语),whose(所有格)
指物:which
人或物:that(先行词含人或物时只能用 that)
特殊规则:只能用 that 的情况(序数词、最高级、all/everything 等不定代词后)
介词与代词语法易错点专项突破
一、介词高频易错点突破
1. 时间介词:at/on/in 的深层规则
易错点:死记硬背规则,忽略特殊语境。
at:不仅用于“点钟”,还用于短暂的时间点或特定时刻
易错题:I’ll meet you ___ noon.(正确答案:at,不是in)
on:用于“具体某一天”及其延伸
易错题:He arrived ___ the morning of May 1st.(正确答案:on,不是in)
规则:当morning/afternoon/evening被定语修饰(如of May 1st)时,用on
in:时间段+“未来一段时间后”
I’ll be back ___ two hours.(正确答案:in,表示“两小时后”)
2. 地点介词:at/in/on 的混淆
易错点:地点大小判断失误。
at:精确位置(地址、点状地点)、事件场所
at 123 Main Street, at the party, at the bus stop
in:有边界空间(国家、城市、房间)、报纸/书籍
in the newspaper(文章在报纸内部),an article in The Times
on:表面、媒体平台、楼层
on page 5, on the internet, on the second floor
3. “通过、穿过”辨析:across/through/over/past
易错点:空间概念模糊。
across:横穿平面(街道、广场)
walk across the square
through:穿过三维空间(森林、人群、隧道)
drive through the tunnel
over:越过上方(桥、障碍物)
jump over the fence
past:从旁边经过
walk past the post office
4. 动词+介词固定搭配陷阱
易错点:一词多配,意义不同。
look
look at(看) look for(寻找)look after(照顾)look into(调查)
agree
agree with sb./观点(同意某人)
agree to 计划/建议(同意某事)
agree on 某事(就…达成一致)
介词选择影响及物性
易错:He is searching the room.(×,意为“搜查房间”)
正确:He is searching for his keys in the room.(√,意为“寻找钥匙”)
5. “除了”辨析:besides/except/except for/but
易错点:逻辑关系混淆。
besides:包括性除了(“…也”)
Besides English, he speaks French.(英语和法语都会)
except:排除性除了(同类排除)
Everyone passed except Tom.(Tom没通过)
except for:整体肯定,细节修正(不同类排除)
The article is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
but:常与all, none, nobody等连用
Nobody but Tom knows the answer.
二、代词高频易错点突破
1. 人称代词主格/宾格误用
易错点:尤其在复合主语/宾语和比较结构中。
复合主语/宾语:
易错:Between you and I, this is a secret.(×)
正确:Between you and me, this is a secret.(√)
规则:介词后永远用宾格
比较结构(than/as):
易错:He is taller than me.(口语可接受,但正式语境有风险)
分析:than后可接宾格(me)或主格+动词(I am)
安全策略:补全省略部分判断
He is taller than I (am). → 主格
He likes her more than (he likes) me. → 宾格
2. 反身代词的三大陷阱
易错点:滥用、遗漏、固定搭配。
陷阱1:非宾语同指时不用反身代词
易错:I bought a gift for myself.(×,如果礼物是给别人)
正确:I bought a gift for my sister.
检验:只有当主语和宾语是同一人时才用反身代词
陷阱2:某些动词必须/不能用反身代词
必须用:enjoy oneself, teach oneself, hurt oneself
不能用:concentrate (on), feel, relax(直接加宾语)
易错:I feel myself happy.(×)
正确:I feel happy.(√)
陷阱3:by oneself ≠ for oneself
by oneself = alone(独自)
for oneself = independently(独立地,为自己)
3. 不定代词数量一致陷阱
易错点:主谓一致、指代一致。
all/both + 复数动词
易错:All is here.(×,指人时)
正确:All are here.(√)
each/every + 单数动词
Each of the students has a book.
none的动词单复数
规则:指代不可数名词时用单数,可数名词时单复数皆可,但复数更常见
None of the water is clean.(单数)
None of the books are/is interesting.(复数更佳)
neither/either + 单数动词
Neither of the answers is correct.
4. “另一个/其他”系列终极辨析
易错点:范围概念不清。
代词 范围 数量 示例
another 泛指 单数 one...another(多个中的另一个)
the other 特指 单数 one...the other(两者中的另一个)
other |泛指 复数 other students(其他学生)
the others 特指 复数 some...the others(剩余的全部)
others 泛指 复数 Some like apples; others prefer oranges.
解题技巧:
判断是“两者”还是“三者及以上”
判断是“特指”(已知剩余)还是“泛指”
判断用单数还是复数
5. 疑问代词与关系代词的易混点
who/whom/whose
易错:With who did you go?(×)
正确:With whom did you go?(√)
技巧:介词后接疑问代词时用whom
what/which
易错:What of the books do you like?(×)
正确:Which of the books do you like?(√)
规则:有明确选择范围时用which
关系代词that/which的取舍
只能用that的情况(口诀:序最不定全人混):
序数词、最高级修饰先行词时
This is the best book that I have ever read.
不定代词(all, everything, nothing等)后
All that glitters is not gold.
先行词既有人又有物时
They talked about the people and things that they remembered.
先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时
三、实战解题策略
1. 介词搭配三步法
判断结构:动词+介词?形容词+介词?名词+介词?
回忆搭配:默念常见搭配组块(如be interested in)
检查逻辑:介词含义是否符合句意(如look at“看” vs. look for“寻找”)
2. 代词指代“追踪法”
定位代词:找到句子中的代词
向前追溯:在上下文中找到它所指代的名词
一致性检查:
单复数一致吗?
人称一致吗?
逻辑合理吗?
3. 比较结构“还原法”
遇到than/as后的代词不确定时:
补全省略部分
He likes you more than (he likes) me.(宾格)
He likes you more than I (do).(主格)
根据补全后的逻辑判断
4. 不定代词“范围分析法”
┌─ 有范围 → which
疑问代词 ──┤
└─ 无范围 → what
┌─ 两者:neither/either
不定代词 ──┤ 三者及以上:none/all
│
└─ 肯定/邀请:some
疑问/否定:any
四、经典易错题即时检测
介词题:The conference will be held ___ the morning of June 1st.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
答案:B(具体某天的上午/下午/晚上用on)
代词题:Between you and ___, I don’t trust him.
A. I B. me C. myself D. mine
答案:B(介词后用宾格)
综合题:He is taller than ___ in his class.
A. any student B. any other student C. other students D. the other student
答案:B(比较级+any other+单数,表示“比班上任何其他学生都高”,避免与自己比较)
介词与代词语法临考抢分技巧
一、介词核心考点(抓“固定搭配”与“语境判断”)
介词考的不是“意思”,而是 “习惯搭配”和“逻辑关系”。
抢分三步法:
先看搭配:题空前后是否有固定短语(动词短语、形容词短语、名词短语)。
再辨逻辑:如果没有固定搭配,分析句子需要何种逻辑关系(时间、地点、方式、原因等)。
最后排除:结合上下文,排除明显不符合语境的选项。
必须掌握的6类高频介词:
介词 核心用法 经典例句
at 瞬间点、较小地点、具体时刻 arrive at (小地点),at night,be good at
in 时间段、较大范围、穿着、状态 in the morning, in China, in red, in surprise
on 具体某天/日期、表面、关于 on Monday, on the desk, a book on birds
by 方式、手段、截止时间、被动施动者 by bus, by the end of, written by him
for 目的、原因、时间段、为了 leave for Beijing, thank you for, for two years
with 伴随、用工具、具有、带着 with my friend, write with a pen, a girl with glasses
【临考特训】 重点记忆这些高频短语:
动词+介词:think of/about, depend on, deal with, belong to, listen to
形容词+介词:be proud of, be familiar with, be different from, be interested in
名词+介词:key to, answer to, reason for, advantage of
二、代词核心考点(抓“指代清晰”与“句法功能”)
代词的关键是 “指代谁?在句中做什么成分?”。
四大抢分要点:
1. 人称代词/物主代词——看“格”
主格 (I, he, they) 做主语。
宾格 (me, him, them) 做宾语或介词宾语。
形容词性物主代词 (my, his, their) + 名词。
名词性物主代词 (mine, his, theirs) 独立使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
真题陷阱:This book is not mine. It must be ______ (your / yours). 答案:yours (相当于 your book)。
2. 反身代词——记“自己”和“强调”
动作反射回主语本身时用:He taught himself English.
强调主语或宾语:I myself finished the work. / I want to see the manager himself.
固定搭配:enjoy oneself, by oneself, help oneself to
3. 不定代词——辨“范围”与“数量”
这是丢分重灾区!抓住两组核心矛盾:
分组 易混词 关键区别 速记口诀
两者 both / either / neither both“(两者)都”,either“(两者中)任一”,neither“(两者)都不” “两都、任一、两不”
三者及以上 all / any / none all“(三者及以上)全部”,any“(三者及以上)任一”,none“(三者及以上)全不” “全、任一、全不”
一些 some / any some用于肯定句或期待肯定回答的疑问句;any用于否定句、疑问句或条件句 “肯some疑否any”
另一个 another / the other another“泛指另一个(无范围)”,the other“特指两者中的另一个” “泛指an,特指the”
特别提醒:everyone/everybody 后接代词时,正式文体用 he/his,但口语和现代考试中常用 they/their 避免性别歧视。Anyone who fails must do ______ homework again. 答案:their。
4. 关系代词(定语从句)——看“从句缺什么”
缺主语/宾语指人:用 who/that
缺主语/宾语指物:用 which/that
缺定语(表所属):用 whose (人或物均可)
缺状语(地点/时间/原因):用 where/when/why
速判法:把先行词代入定语从句,看它在从句中充当什么成分,缺什么补什么。
三、临场实战抢分策略
先读全句,后看选项:不要被选项干扰,先理解句意和结构。
圈定“信号词”:
介词题:圈出空前的动词、形容词、名词,以及空后的名词。
代词题:圈出该代词所指代的先行词,判断单复数、性别。
用“还原法”解难题:
把不定代词如 something, nothing 代入后,判断句子逻辑是否通顺。
把定语从句还原为两个简单句,确定关系词。
终极检查:
介词:这个搭配是否常见?逻辑是否合理?
代词:指代是否明确?会不会产生歧义?格是否正确?
介词与代词语法必练题型
题型1:固定搭配题(高频)
特征:四个介词选项,空格前或后是常见动词/形容词/名词。
【例题】
He promised to look ______ the matter as soon as he got back to the office.
A. into B. after C. for D. up
解题步骤:
识别短语:look ______。
回忆look的短语:
look into 调查look after 照顾 look for 寻找 look up 查阅;向上看
根据句意:“他答应一回到办公室就______这件事”,应选 A. into(调查)。
抢分技巧:考前集中过一遍高频动词短语(尤其带look, come, get, turn, take, put, break等小词)。
题型2:语境逻辑题
特征:句子无明显固定搭配,需根据语境判断逻辑关系(时间、地点、原因、方式等)。
【例题】
The conference will be held ______ September 10th ______ 15th.
A. from…to B. between…and C. on…until D. at…through
解题步骤:
分析逻辑:会议在“9月10日”和“9月15日”之间举行,表时间段起止。
选项辨析:
A. from…to 从…到(强调起止点,常用)
B. between…and 在…和…之间(通常不直接与日期搭配表持续)
C. on…until 搭配不当
D. at…through 搭配不当
最佳答案为 A. from…to。
抢分技巧:熟记时间/地点/原因等逻辑的常用介词(during, through, until, by, across, because of, due to等)。
题型3:介词与从句结合题
特征:介词后接宾语从句或“疑问词+不定式”。
【例题】
We are discussing the question ______ we should invest more money in AI.
A. of B. about C. whether D. on
解题步骤:
空后是完整句子(we should…),且the question后需要表达“是否”的含义。
固定结构:the question of whether… 或 the question whether…(of可省略)。
此处whether引导同位语从句解释question内容,但空格处需填介词of与the question搭配。
注:discuss the question whether…也可直接使用,但选项中有of,应优先选 A. of。
抢分技巧:记住“名词+of+whether/疑问词”结构,如the problem of how to do it。
二、代词必练题型
题型1:不定代词辨析题(高频易错!)
特征:选项为some/any/no/every及其复合代词,或both/all/neither/none等。
【例题】
—Which of the two novels do you prefer?
—Actually I don’t like ______ of them. They’re both boring.
A. either B. neither C. any D. none
解题步骤:
题干关键信息:two novels, don’t like(否定),both boring。
在两者中表示“任意一个都不喜欢”,用not…either或neither。
空格在don’t like后,应填宾语,either作宾语,neither通常不与not连用(因本身已含否定)。
答案:A. either(don’t like either = 两者都不喜欢)。
抢分技巧:遇到two或both,锁定both/either/neither;遇到three或all,锁定all/any/none。
题型2:代词指代一致题
特征:空格处代词需与上下文指代对象在数、格、性别上一致。
【例题】
Each student must bring ______ own lunch to the picnic.
A. his B. her C. their D. one’s
解题步骤:
主语是Each student(单数)。
传统语法用his或her,但现代英语为避免性别歧视,常用their指代单数不定代词(如each, everyone, someone)。
高考中,若his/her选项都有,选his(传统规范);若只有their,且其他选项明显不符,可选their。
本题若无his/her,则C. their是可接受答案。但若选项中有his,根据高考传统倾向选 A. his。
抢分技巧:注意everyone, somebody, each等不定代词在题中的指代,近年高考倾向接受they/their指代单数。
题型3:关系代词选择题(定语从句)
特征:空格引导定语从句,选项为that, which, who, whom, whose, as等。
【例题】
The book ______ cover is red was written by my teacher.
A. which B. whose C. that D. whom
解题步骤:
分析从句:______ cover is red 中缺定语(cover前缺少“的”)。
表示“书的封面”,需用关系代词whose(= of which)。
答案:B. whose。
抢分技巧:拆解从句,看先行词在从句中充当的成分:缺主语/宾语→用that/which/who;缺定语→用whose;缺状语→用where/when/why。
题型4:反身代词固定搭配题
特征:空格出现在固定短语中。
【例题】
Don’t worry about me. I can take good care of ______.
A. me B. myself C. us D. ourselves
解题步骤:
主语是I,动作take care of的承受者是主语自己。
固定搭配:take care of oneself(照顾好自己)。
答案:B. myself。
抢分技巧:熟记含反身代词的短语:enjoy oneself, teach oneself, help oneself to, by oneself, for oneself等。
三、综合混合题型(近年趋势)
【例题】
I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
解题步骤:
句意转折:“我同意你说的大部分,但并非同意______”。
否定前移逻辑:not…everything 表示部分否定(“并非所有都同意”)。
若选anything(not…anything=全部否定)则逻辑矛盾。
答案:A. everything。
抢分技巧:not与all/both/every连用表示“部分否定”,是经典陷阱。
介词与代词语法综合小测
一、单项选择题(每题2分,共30分)
1. —Who is that girl standing over there?
—Oh, it’s Lucy. I met ______ at the school gate yesterday.( )
A. her B. she C. hers D. herself
答案:A
解析:本题考查人称代词的宾格用法。空格处作动词met(遇见)的宾语,需用宾格形式。her是she的宾格,意为“她”;she是主格,只能作主语;hers是名词性物主代词,相当于“her+名词”;herself是反身代词,意为“她自己”。结合句意“我昨天在学校门口遇见了她”,故选A。
2. This book is ______ than that one. I prefer to read the thicker one.( )
A. thin B. thinner C. the thinnest D. more thin
答案:B
解析:本题考查形容词比较级用法(结合代词隐含对比)。由than(比)可知,此处需用比较级,thin的比较级是thinner(以重读闭音节结尾,双写末尾辅音字母加er);A是原级,C是最高级,D形式错误(多音节词才加more,thin是单音节词)。句意为“这本书比那本薄,我更喜欢读厚一点的那本”,that one指代另一本书,故选B。
3. My parents often tell me to be careful ______ fire when I am alone at home.( )
A. with B. of C. about D. all of the above
答案:D
解析:本题考查介词固定搭配。be careful with sth(小心对待某物)、be careful of sth(小心某物,提防某物)、be careful about sth(小心某物,关注某物),三者均可搭配fire(火),句意均通顺(“我父母经常告诉我,独自在家时要小心火”)。因此A、B、C选项均正确,故选D。
4. —Which pen do you want, the red one or the blue one?
—______. I just need a pen to write with.( )
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None
答案:B
解析:本题考查不定代词辨析。both(两者都),后接复数动词;either(两者中的任意一个),后接单数动词;neither(两者都不);none(三者或三者以上都不)。结合问句“你想要哪支笔,红色的还是蓝色的?”(两者选择),以及答句“我只需要一支笔来写”,可知任意一支都可以,故选B。
5. The meeting will start ______ 9:00 a.m. ______ Monday morning. Don’t be late.( )
A. at; on B. in; on C. at; in D. on; at
答案:A
解析:本题考查时间介词的用法。at用于具体的时刻前(如9:00 a.m.);on用于具体的日期、星期几,或有修饰词的上午/下午/晚上前(如Monday morning);in用于年、月、季节,或泛指的上午/下午/晚上前。句意为“会议将于周一上午9点开始,别迟到”,故选A。
6. —Is this dictionary ______?
—No, it’s not mine. It must be ______ else’s.( )
A. your; someone B. yours; someone C. your; anyone D. yours; anyone
答案:B
解析:本题考查物主代词和不定代词辨析。第一空后无名词,需用名词性物主代词yours(相当于your dictionary),your是形容词性物主代词,后需接名词,排除A、C;第二空用于肯定句中,someone else意为“其他人”,anyone用于否定句或疑问句中,意为“任何人”。句意为“这本字典是你的吗?不,不是我的,一定是其他人的”,故选B。
7. We should learn to care for ______ and help each other in our daily life.( )
A. one another B. each other C. A and B D. none
答案:C
解析:本题考查相互代词辨析。one another和each other均可表示“互相、彼此”,多数情况下可互换;each other更侧重两者之间,one another更侧重三者或三者以上,但在日常用法和高考中,两者无需严格区分,均可用于“互相帮助”的语境。句意为“我们应该学会在日常生活中互相关心、互相帮助”,故选C。
8. The bridge ______ the river is very beautiful. Many people take photos of it every day.( )
A. over B. on C. above D. under
答案:A
解析:本题考查方位介词辨析。over表示“在……正上方”,且物体之间有一定距离(不接触),符合“河上的桥”(桥在河正上方,不接触水面);on表示“在……上面”,物体之间相互接触;above表示“在……上方”,不一定在正上方;under表示“在……下面”。句意为“河上的那座桥非常漂亮,每天都有很多人给它拍照”,故选A。
9. —How many apples do we have?
—Only three. We need to buy ______ more to make apple pie.( )
A. a few B. a little C. few D. little
答案:A
解析:本题考查不定代词(修饰可数名词/不可数名词)辨析。a few(一些),修饰可数名词复数,表肯定;few(几乎没有),修饰可数名词复数,表否定;a little(一些),修饰不可数名词,表肯定;little(几乎没有),修饰不可数名词,表否定。apples是可数名词复数,排除B、D;结合句意“只有三个,我们需要再买一些来做苹果派”,表肯定,故选A。
10. He spent two hours ______ his homework last night. He finished it at 10 o’clock.( )
A. in B. on C. with D. for
答案:B
解析:本题考查介词固定搭配。spend time on sth是固定用法,意为“花费时间做某事”;也可表达为spend time (in) doing sth(in可省略)。句意为“他昨晚花了两个小时做作业,10点才完成”,空格后是名词homework,故选B。
11. —Who helped you clean the room yesterday?
—No one. I cleaned it ______.( )
A. myself B. himself C. herself D. itself
答案:A
解析:本题考查反身代词的用法。反身代词需与主语保持人称一致,主语是I(我),对应的反身代词是myself(我自己);himself(他自己)对应he,herself(她自己)对应she,itself(它自己)对应it。句意为“昨天谁帮你打扫房间了?没人,我自己打扫的”,故选A。
12. There is a big tree ______ the front of our classroom. We can see it from the window.( )
A. in B. on C. at D. to
答案:A
解析:本题考查方位介词辨析(in front of vs at the front of)。in the front of表示“在……内部的前面”;at the front of(可与in the front of互换,侧重“靠前的位置”);in front of表示“在……外部的前面”;on和to不与the front of搭配。结合句意“我们教室的前面有一棵大树,我们从窗户就能看到它”,树在教室内部的前面,故选A。
13. These books are not ours. They belong to ______. Their names are on the covers.( )
A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
答案:B
解析:本题考查人称代词宾格用法。belong to是固定短语,意为“属于”,to是介词,后接宾格形式作宾语。them是they的宾格,意为“他们/她们/它们”;they是主格,作主语;their是形容词性物主代词,后接名词;theirs是名词性物主代词,后不接名词。句意为“这些书不是我们的,它们属于他们,封面上有他们的名字”,故选B。
14. She is interested ______ painting. She often spends her free time painting pictures.( )
A. in B. at C. on D. with
答案:A
解析:本题考查介词固定搭配。be interested in sth是固定用法,意为“对某事感兴趣”,其他介词均不能与interested搭配。句意为“她对绘画感兴趣,她经常利用空闲时间画画”,故选A。
15. —Which of the two shirts do you like better?
—______ is OK. I don’t mind.( )
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All
答案:B
解析:本题考查不定代词辨析。both(两者都),后接复数动词,与is矛盾,排除A;either(两者中的任意一个),后接单数动词,符合语境;neither(两者都不),与“I don’t mind”(我不介意)矛盾,排除C;all(三者或三者以上都),题干中是两件衬衫,排除D。句意为“这两件衬衫你更喜欢哪一件?任意一件都可以,我不介意”,故选B。
二、语法填空(每题2分,共20分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的介词或代词,使短文意思完整、语法正确。
My best friend is Lily. We go to the same school and we often go home together. Yesterday afternoon, I forgot to take 16. ______ (I) umbrella. It started to rain heavily when we were leaving school. Lily gave me 17. ______ (she) umbrella and said, “You can take mine. I live closer to school than you.” I thanked her and we walked 18. ______ the rain to the bus stop. On the bus, there was only one seat left. Lily let me sit there and she stood 19. ______ me. I felt very warm.
Today is Lily’s birthday. I bought a birthday gift 20. ______ her. It’s a beautiful notebook. I wrote some best wishes 21. ______ the first page. I hope she will like it. Lily is always kind to me. She often helps me 22. ______ my English. When I am in trouble, she is always there for me. I think 23. ______ is lucky for me to have such a good friend. We promise to be good friends forever and help 24. ______ other all the time. I believe our friendship will last 25. ______ a long time.
16. 答案:my
解析:本题考查形容词性物主代词。空格后有名词umbrella(雨伞),需用形容词性物主代词修饰,I的形容词性物主代词是my,意为“我的”。句意为“昨天下午,我忘记带我的雨伞了”。
17. 答案:her
解析:本题考查形容词性物主代词。空格后有名词umbrella(雨伞),需用形容词性物主代词修饰,she的形容词性物主代词是her,意为“她的”。句意为“莉莉把她的雨伞给了我”。
18. 答案:in
解析:本题考查介词用法。in the rain是固定搭配,意为“在雨中”,此处表示“我们在雨中走到公交站”。
19. 答案:beside
解析:本题考查方位介词。结合语境“车上只剩下一个座位,莉莉让我坐,她站在我旁边”,beside意为“在……旁边”,符合句意;也可填next to,两者均可,此处优先填常用词beside。
20. 答案:for
解析:本题考查介词固定搭配。buy sth for sb是固定用法,意为“为某人买某物”,句意为“我为她买了一份生日礼物”。
21. 答案:on
解析:本题考查方位介词。表示“在书页上”,用介词on,on the first page意为“在第一页上”,句意为“我在第一页写了一些最美好的祝福”。
22. 答案:with
解析:本题考查介词固定搭配。help sb with sth是固定用法,意为“帮助某人做某事”,句意为“她经常帮助我学习英语”。
23. 答案:it
解析:本题考查形式主语it的用法。it is lucky for sb to do sth是固定句型,it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语“to have such a good friend”,句意为“我认为有这样一个好朋友对我来说是幸运的”。
24. 答案:each
解析:本题考查相互代词。each other是固定搭配,意为“互相、彼此”,help each other意为“互相帮助”,句意为“我们承诺永远做好朋友,一直互相帮助”。
25. 答案:for
解析:本题考查介词用法。for+一段时间,表示“持续一段时间”,last for a long time意为“持续很长时间”,句意为“我相信我们的友谊会持续很长时间”。
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专题08介词与代词(清单+专项训练)
目录
介词与代词语法清单
介词与代词语法易错点专项突破
介词与代词语法临考抢分技巧
介词与代词语法必练题型
介词与代词语法综合小测
介词与代词语法清单
一、介词 (Prepositions)
1. 时间介词
at:具体时刻(at 7:00)、节日(at Christmas)、固定短语(at night)
on:具体某天/日期(on Monday)、特定早晚(on the morning of May 1st)
in:年月季节世纪(in 2024)、早晚(in the morning)、一段时间后(in two days)
for:持续时间(for three years)
since:过去某时间点至今(since 2010)
by:截止到某时间(by tomorrow)
during:在…期间(during the holiday)
until/till:动作持续到某时间(wait until 10 p.m.)
2. 地点/方位介词
at:较小地点(at the door)、具体地址(at 123 Main Street)
in:较大范围(in China)、内部(in the room)
on:表面(on the wall)、左右岸(on the left)、楼层(on the second floor)
to:方向(go to school)、不接壤(Japan is to the east of China)
into:进入内部(jump into the water)
out of:从…出来
across:横穿表面(across the street)
through:穿过空间(through the forest)
between:两者之间
among:三者或以上之间
above/over:正上方(over 常指覆盖)
below/under:正下方(under 常指接触或覆盖)
3. 其他重要介词
with:伴随、工具、带有(a girl with glasses)
without:没有
by:方式(by bus)、被动语态施动者
for:目的(for fun)、对象(buy a gift for you)、原因(thank you for…)
of:所属(the capital of China)、材料(made of wood)
about:关于、大约
against:反对、靠着(against the wall)
4. 固定搭配
动词+介词:
agree with sb / agree on sth / agree to a plan
look at / look for / look after / look into
depend on / insist on / belong to
形容词+介词:
be good at / be interested in / be proud of
be famous for / be different from / be sorry for
名词+介词:
key to the door / reason for / solution to
二、代词 (Pronouns)
1. 人称代词
主格:I, you, he, she, it, we, they(作主语)
宾格:me, you, him, her, it, us, them(作动词/介词宾语)
易错点:在比较状语中,than/as 后常用宾格(非正式)或主格+动词(正式)
He is taller than me. / He is taller than I am.
2. 物主代词
形容词性:my, your, his, her, its, our, their(+名词)
名词性:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs(独立使用)
This is my book. = This book is mine.
3. 反身代词
形式:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
用法:
动作承受者是主语本身(He hurt himself.)
强调主语或宾语(I myself did it.)
固定短语:enjoy oneself, teach oneself, by oneself(独自)
4. 指示代词
单数:this(这个),that(那个)
复数:these(这些),those(那些)
特殊用法:
打电话:This is…(自我介绍),Is that…?(询问对方)
指代上文:that 指代前文提到的事,this 引出下文
避免重复:those who…(那些人…)
5. 不定代词
指人:
some/any(某人):Someone is waiting for you.
no one/nobody(没人)
everyone/everybody(每人)
指物:
something/anything/nothing/everything
数量概念:
all/both(全部/两者都)+ 复数动词
each/every(每个):each 强调个体,every 强调整体
neither/either(两者中无/任一):neither of + 复数名词 + 单数/复数动词
none(三者或以上无):none of + 复数名词 + 单/复数动词
易混辨析:
some/any:some 用于肯定句,any 用于疑问/否定句(但期待肯定回答时问句用 some)
few/a few(可数):few(几乎没有),a few(几个)
little/a little(不可数):little(几乎没有),a little(一点)
other/others/the other/another:
other + 复数名词
the other + 单数名词(两者中另一个)
others = other + 复数名词(泛指其他)
the others = the other + 复数名词(特指剩余全部)
another(三者或以上中另一个)
6. 疑问代词
指人:who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格)
指物:what,which(有选择范围时用)
易错:Whom did you meet?(口语中常用 who 代替 whom)
7. 关系代词(引导定语从句)
指人:who(主语),whom(宾语),whose(所有格)
指物:which
人或物:that(先行词含人或物时只能用 that)
特殊规则:只能用 that 的情况(序数词、最高级、all/everything 等不定代词后)
介词与代词语法易错点专项突破
一、介词高频易错点突破
1. 时间介词:at/on/in 的深层规则
易错点:死记硬背规则,忽略特殊语境。
at:不仅用于“点钟”,还用于短暂的时间点或特定时刻
易错题:I’ll meet you ___ noon.(正确答案:at,不是in)
on:用于“具体某一天”及其延伸
易错题:He arrived ___ the morning of May 1st.(正确答案:on,不是in)
规则:当morning/afternoon/evening被定语修饰(如of May 1st)时,用on
in:时间段+“未来一段时间后”
I’ll be back ___ two hours.(正确答案:in,表示“两小时后”)
2. 地点介词:at/in/on 的混淆
易错点:地点大小判断失误。
at:精确位置(地址、点状地点)、事件场所
at 123 Main Street, at the party, at the bus stop
in:有边界空间(国家、城市、房间)、报纸/书籍
in the newspaper(文章在报纸内部),an article in The Times
on:表面、媒体平台、楼层
on page 5, on the internet, on the second floor
3. “通过、穿过”辨析:across/through/over/past
易错点:空间概念模糊。
across:横穿平面(街道、广场)
walk across the square
through:穿过三维空间(森林、人群、隧道)
drive through the tunnel
over:越过上方(桥、障碍物)
jump over the fence
past:从旁边经过
walk past the post office
4. 动词+介词固定搭配陷阱
易错点:一词多配,意义不同。
look
look at(看) look for(寻找)look after(照顾)look into(调查)
agree
agree with sb./观点(同意某人)
agree to 计划/建议(同意某事)
agree on 某事(就…达成一致)
介词选择影响及物性
易错:He is searching the room.(×,意为“搜查房间”)
正确:He is searching for his keys in the room.(√,意为“寻找钥匙”)
5. “除了”辨析:besides/except/except for/but
易错点:逻辑关系混淆。
besides:包括性除了(“…也”)
Besides English, he speaks French.(英语和法语都会)
except:排除性除了(同类排除)
Everyone passed except Tom.(Tom没通过)
except for:整体肯定,细节修正(不同类排除)
The article is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
but:常与all, none, nobody等连用
Nobody but Tom knows the answer.
二、代词高频易错点突破
1. 人称代词主格/宾格误用
易错点:尤其在复合主语/宾语和比较结构中。
复合主语/宾语:
易错:Between you and I, this is a secret.(×)
正确:Between you and me, this is a secret.(√)
规则:介词后永远用宾格
比较结构(than/as):
易错:He is taller than me.(口语可接受,但正式语境有风险)
分析:than后可接宾格(me)或主格+动词(I am)
安全策略:补全省略部分判断
He is taller than I (am). → 主格
He likes her more than (he likes) me. → 宾格
2. 反身代词的三大陷阱
易错点:滥用、遗漏、固定搭配。
陷阱1:非宾语同指时不用反身代词
易错:I bought a gift for myself.(×,如果礼物是给别人)
正确:I bought a gift for my sister.
检验:只有当主语和宾语是同一人时才用反身代词
陷阱2:某些动词必须/不能用反身代词
必须用:enjoy oneself, teach oneself, hurt oneself
不能用:concentrate (on), feel, relax(直接加宾语)
易错:I feel myself happy.(×)
正确:I feel happy.(√)
陷阱3:by oneself ≠ for oneself
by oneself = alone(独自)
for oneself = independently(独立地,为自己)
3. 不定代词数量一致陷阱
易错点:主谓一致、指代一致。
all/both + 复数动词
易错:All is here.(×,指人时)
正确:All are here.(√)
each/every + 单数动词
Each of the students has a book.
none的动词单复数
规则:指代不可数名词时用单数,可数名词时单复数皆可,但复数更常见
None of the water is clean.(单数)
None of the books are/is interesting.(复数更佳)
neither/either + 单数动词
Neither of the answers is correct.
4. “另一个/其他”系列终极辨析
易错点:范围概念不清。
代词 范围 数量 示例
another 泛指 单数 one...another(多个中的另一个)
the other 特指 单数 one...the other(两者中的另一个)
other |泛指 复数 other students(其他学生)
the others 特指 复数 some...the others(剩余的全部)
others 泛指 复数 Some like apples; others prefer oranges.
解题技巧:
判断是“两者”还是“三者及以上”
判断是“特指”(已知剩余)还是“泛指”
判断用单数还是复数
5. 疑问代词与关系代词的易混点
who/whom/whose
易错:With who did you go?(×)
正确:With whom did you go?(√)
技巧:介词后接疑问代词时用whom
what/which
易错:What of the books do you like?(×)
正确:Which of the books do you like?(√)
规则:有明确选择范围时用which
关系代词that/which的取舍
只能用that的情况(口诀:序最不定全人混):
序数词、最高级修饰先行词时
This is the best book that I have ever read.
不定代词(all, everything, nothing等)后
All that glitters is not gold.
先行词既有人又有物时
They talked about the people and things that they remembered.
先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时
三、实战解题策略
1. 介词搭配三步法
判断结构:动词+介词?形容词+介词?名词+介词?
回忆搭配:默念常见搭配组块(如be interested in)
检查逻辑:介词含义是否符合句意(如look at“看” vs. look for“寻找”)
2. 代词指代“追踪法”
定位代词:找到句子中的代词
向前追溯:在上下文中找到它所指代的名词
一致性检查:
单复数一致吗?
人称一致吗?
逻辑合理吗?
3. 比较结构“还原法”
遇到than/as后的代词不确定时:
补全省略部分
He likes you more than (he likes) me.(宾格)
He likes you more than I (do).(主格)
根据补全后的逻辑判断
4. 不定代词“范围分析法”
┌─ 有范围 → which
疑问代词 ──┤
└─ 无范围 → what
┌─ 两者:neither/either
不定代词 ──┤ 三者及以上:none/all
│
└─ 肯定/邀请:some
疑问/否定:any
四、经典易错题即时检测
介词题:The conference will be held ___ the morning of June 1st.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
代词题:Between you and ___, I don’t trust him.
A. I B. me C. myself D. mine
综合题:He is taller than ___ in his class.
A. any student B. any other student C. other students D. the other student
介词与代词语法临考抢分技巧
一、介词核心考点(抓“固定搭配”与“语境判断”)
介词考的不是“意思”,而是 “习惯搭配”和“逻辑关系”。
抢分三步法:
先看搭配:题空前后是否有固定短语(动词短语、形容词短语、名词短语)。
再辨逻辑:如果没有固定搭配,分析句子需要何种逻辑关系(时间、地点、方式、原因等)。
最后排除:结合上下文,排除明显不符合语境的选项。
必须掌握的6类高频介词:
介词 核心用法 经典例句
at 瞬间点、较小地点、具体时刻 arrive at (小地点),at night,be good at
in 时间段、较大范围、穿着、状态 in the morning, in China, in red, in surprise
on 具体某天/日期、表面、关于 on Monday, on the desk, a book on birds
by 方式、手段、截止时间、被动施动者 by bus, by the end of, written by him
for 目的、原因、时间段、为了 leave for Beijing, thank you for, for two years
with 伴随、用工具、具有、带着 with my friend, write with a pen, a girl with glasses
【临考特训】 重点记忆这些高频短语:
动词+介词:think of/about, depend on, deal with, belong to, listen to
形容词+介词:be proud of, be familiar with, be different from, be interested in
名词+介词:key to, answer to, reason for, advantage of
二、代词核心考点(抓“指代清晰”与“句法功能”)
代词的关键是 “指代谁?在句中做什么成分?”。
四大抢分要点:
1. 人称代词/物主代词——看“格”
主格 (I, he, they) 做主语。
宾格 (me, him, them) 做宾语或介词宾语。
形容词性物主代词 (my, his, their) + 名词。
名词性物主代词 (mine, his, theirs) 独立使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
真题陷阱:This book is not mine. It must be ______ (your / yours). 答案:yours (相当于 your book)。
2. 反身代词——记“自己”和“强调”
动作反射回主语本身时用:He taught himself English.
强调主语或宾语:I myself finished the work. / I want to see the manager himself.
固定搭配:enjoy oneself, by oneself, help oneself to
3. 不定代词——辨“范围”与“数量”
这是丢分重灾区!抓住两组核心矛盾:
分组 易混词 关键区别 速记口诀
两者 both / either / neither both“(两者)都”,either“(两者中)任一”,neither“(两者)都不” “两都、任一、两不”
三者及以上 all / any / none all“(三者及以上)全部”,any“(三者及以上)任一”,none“(三者及以上)全不” “全、任一、全不”
一些 some / any some用于肯定句或期待肯定回答的疑问句;any用于否定句、疑问句或条件句 “肯some疑否any”
另一个 another / the other another“泛指另一个(无范围)”,the other“特指两者中的另一个” “泛指an,特指the”
特别提醒:everyone/everybody 后接代词时,正式文体用 he/his,但口语和现代考试中常用 they/their 避免性别歧视。Anyone who fails must do ______ homework again. 答案:their。
4. 关系代词(定语从句)——看“从句缺什么”
缺主语/宾语指人:用 who/that
缺主语/宾语指物:用 which/that
缺定语(表所属):用 whose (人或物均可)
缺状语(地点/时间/原因):用 where/when/why
速判法:把先行词代入定语从句,看它在从句中充当什么成分,缺什么补什么。
三、临场实战抢分策略
先读全句,后看选项:不要被选项干扰,先理解句意和结构。
圈定“信号词”:
介词题:圈出空前的动词、形容词、名词,以及空后的名词。
代词题:圈出该代词所指代的先行词,判断单复数、性别。
用“还原法”解难题:
把不定代词如 something, nothing 代入后,判断句子逻辑是否通顺。
把定语从句还原为两个简单句,确定关系词。
终极检查:
介词:这个搭配是否常见?逻辑是否合理?
代词:指代是否明确?会不会产生歧义?格是否正确?
介词与代词语法必练题型
题型1:固定搭配题(高频)
特征:四个介词选项,空格前或后是常见动词/形容词/名词。
【例题】
He promised to look ______ the matter as soon as he got back to the office.
A. into B. after C. for D. up
抢分技巧:考前集中过一遍高频动词短语(尤其带look, come, get, turn, take, put, break等小词)。
题型2:语境逻辑题
特征:句子无明显固定搭配,需根据语境判断逻辑关系(时间、地点、原因、方式等)。
【例题】
The conference will be held ______ September 10th ______ 15th.
A. from…to B. between…and C. on…until D. at…through
抢分技巧:熟记时间/地点/原因等逻辑的常用介词(during, through, until, by, across, because of, due to等)。
题型3:介词与从句结合题
特征:介词后接宾语从句或“疑问词+不定式”。
【例题】
We are discussing the question ______ we should invest more money in AI.
A. of B. about C. whether D. on
抢分技巧:记住“名词+of+whether/疑问词”结构,如the problem of how to do it。
二、代词必练题型
题型1:不定代词辨析题(高频易错!)
特征:选项为some/any/no/every及其复合代词,或both/all/neither/none等。
【例题】
—Which of the two novels do you prefer?
—Actually I don’t like ______ of them. They’re both boring.
A. either B. neither C. any D. none
抢分技巧:遇到two或both,锁定both/either/neither;遇到three或all,锁定all/any/none。
题型2:代词指代一致题
特征:空格处代词需与上下文指代对象在数、格、性别上一致。
【例题】
Each student must bring ______ own lunch to the picnic.
A. his B. her C. their D. one’s
抢分技巧:注意everyone, somebody, each等不定代词在题中的指代,近年高考倾向接受they/their指代单数。
题型3:关系代词选择题(定语从句)
特征:空格引导定语从句,选项为that, which, who, whom, whose, as等。
【例题】
The book ______ cover is red was written by my teacher.
A. which B. whose C. that D. whom
抢分技巧:拆解从句,看先行词在从句中充当的成分:缺主语/宾语→用that/which/who;缺定语→用whose;缺状语→用where/when/why。
题型4:反身代词固定搭配题
特征:空格出现在固定短语中。
【例题】
Don’t worry about me. I can take good care of ______.
A. me B. myself C. us D. ourselves
抢分技巧:熟记含反身代词的短语:enjoy oneself, teach oneself, help oneself to, by oneself, for oneself等。
三、综合混合题型(近年趋势)
【例题】
I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
抢分技巧:not与all/both/every连用表示“部分否定”,是经典陷阱。
介词与代词语法综合小测
一、单项选择题(每题2分,共30分)
1. —Who is that girl standing over there?
—Oh, it’s Lucy. I met ______ at the school gate yesterday.( )
A. her B. she C. hers D. herself
2. This book is ______ than that one. I prefer to read the thicker one.( )
A. thin B. thinner C. the thinnest D. more thin
3. My parents often tell me to be careful ______ fire when I am alone at home.( )
A. with B. of C. about D. all of the above
4. —Which pen do you want, the red one or the blue one?
—______. I just need a pen to write with.( )
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None
5. The meeting will start ______ 9:00 a.m. ______ Monday morning. Don’t be late.( )
A. at; on B. in; on C. at; in D. on; at
6. —Is this dictionary ______?
—No, it’s not mine. It must be ______ else’s.( )
A. your; someone B. yours; someone C. your; anyone D. yours; anyone
7. We should learn to care for ______ and help each other in our daily life.( )
A. one another B. each other C. A and B D. none
8. The bridge ______ the river is very beautiful. Many people take photos of it every day.( )
A. over B. on C. above D. under
9. —How many apples do we have?
—Only three. We need to buy ______ more to make apple pie.( )
A. a few B. a little C. few D. little
10. He spent two hours ______ his homework last night. He finished it at 10 o’clock.( )
A. in B. on C. with D. for
11. —Who helped you clean the room yesterday?
—No one. I cleaned it ______.( )
A. myself B. himself C. herself D. itself
12. There is a big tree ______ the front of our classroom. We can see it from the window.( )
A. in B. on C. at D. to
13. These books are not ours. They belong to ______. Their names are on the covers.( )
A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
14. She is interested ______ painting. She often spends her free time painting pictures.( )
A. in B. at C. on D. with
15. —Which of the two shirts do you like better?
—______ is OK. I don’t mind.( )
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All
二、语法填空(每题2分,共20分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的介词或代词,使短文意思完整、语法正确。
My best friend is Lily. We go to the same school and we often go home together. Yesterday afternoon, I forgot to take 16. ______ (I) umbrella. It started to rain heavily when we were leaving school. Lily gave me 17. ______ (she) umbrella and said, “You can take mine. I live closer to school than you.” I thanked her and we walked 18. ______ the rain to the bus stop. On the bus, there was only one seat left. Lily let me sit there and she stood 19. ______ me. I felt very warm.
Today is Lily’s birthday. I bought a birthday gift 20. ______ her. It’s a beautiful notebook. I wrote some best wishes 21. ______ the first page. I hope she will like it. Lily is always kind to me. She often helps me 22. ______ my English. When I am in trouble, she is always there for me. I think 23. ______ is lucky for me to have such a good friend. We promise to be good friends forever and help 24. ______ other all the time. I believe our friendship will last 25. ______ a long time.
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