专题11定语从句（清单+专项训练）2026年高考英语临考终极必记词汇&必练题型

专题11定语从句（清单+专项训练） 目录 定语从句语法清单 定语从句语法易错点专项突破 定语从句语法临考抢分技巧 定语从句语法必练题型 定语从句语法综合小测 定语从句语法清单 一、定语从句基础定义与分类 定义：修饰名词 / 代词（先行词）的从句，由关系词引导，在句中作定语，补充说明先行词的性质、特征、数量等。 分类：按与先行词的位置关系分两类，高考核心考查限制性（必考），非限制性为高频考点。 限制性定语从句：无逗号，与先行词紧密相连，去掉后主句意思不完整（This is the book that I bought yesterday.）。 非限制性定语从句：有逗号，与先行词为松散的补充关系，去掉后主句意思完整（My mother, who is a teacher, loves reading.）。 二、核心考点 1：关系词的分类与基本用法 关系词分关系代词（作主 / 宾 / 表 / 定语）和关系副词（作状语），高考核心考查选关系词的逻辑（先判成分，再看先行词）。 （一）关系代词（6 个） 关系代词 指代对象 可作成分 能否省略（限制性） 特殊说明 that 人 / 物 主 / 宾 / 表 作宾语时可省 不能用于非限制性定从；不能接介词后 which 物 / 事 主 / 宾 / 表 作宾语时可省 可用于非限制性定从；可接介词后 who 人（主格） 主语 不可省 指主句中明确的人，不用于物 whom 人（宾格） 宾语 作宾语时可省 可接介词后（the man to whom I talked） whose 人 / 物 定语 不可省 后必须接名词，表 “…… 的” as 人 / 物 主 / 宾 / 表 作宾语时可省 多用于固定结构（as/so/such...as）；非限制性中可指代整个主句 （二）关系副词（3 个） 核心逻辑：先行词为时间 / 地点 / 原因，且从句缺状语时用，不可与介词 + which 混用（高考易设错）。 关系副词 指代先行词 从句作状语 等价替换 例句 when 时间（time/year/day 等） 时间状语 on/in/at + which I still remember the day when (on which) I met you. where 地点（place/city/school 等） 地点状语 in/at/on + which This is the school where (in which) I studied. why 原因（reason） 原因状语 for which I don’t know the reason why (for which) he left. 易错点：先行词是时间 / 地点，但若从句缺主 / 宾，仍用that/which（This is the day that I will never forget. 从句缺宾语）。 三、核心考点 2：关系词的高频特殊用法（高考必考点） 1. that 与 which 的区别（高考单选高频设错） 只用 that 的情况（先行词有特殊限定） 先行词为all/everything/nothing/something/anything/none/little/few等不定代词； 先行词被all/any/every/no/only/very修饰； 先行词被序数词 / 最高级修饰； 先行词既有人又有物（the teacher and the lesson that I like）； 主句以who/which开头（避免重复，Who is the girl that is standing there?）。 只用 which 的情况 非限制性定语从句中； 关系代词前有介词时（the box in which I put my books）； 先行词为物，且后面有插入语时。 2. whose 的灵活用法（可转换，高考翻译 / 语法填空常考） whose = 先行词 + ’s，表 “…… 的”，可指代人 / 物，后必须接名词；若不接名词，需转换为of which/of whom。 转换公式：whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which/of whom = of which/of whom + the + 名词 例句：The house whose window is broken is mine. = The house the window of which is broken is mine. 3. as 的特殊用法（固定结构 + 指代主句，高考常考） （1）引导限制性定从：用于固定结构，译为 “像…… 一样的” as/so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + as； such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + as； such + 形容词 + 复数 / 不可数名词 + as； the same + 名词 + as（表 “同一类”，与 the same...that 表 “同一个” 区分）。 例句：This is such a good book as I want to read.（as 作宾语） （2）引导非限制性定从：指代整个主句，可置于句首 / 中 / 末，译为 “正如 / 就像” 常见搭配：as we all know /as is known to all /as is said /as is reported /as we can see。 例句：As we all know，the earth goes around the sun. 4. 介词 + 关系代词（高考语法填空 / 单选核心，易失分） （1）核心规则 介词后只能用which（指物）/whom（指人），不能用 that/who； 介词的选择：① 看先行词的搭配（the key to which）；② 看从句中动词 / 形容词的搭配（the man with whom I work）；③ 看句意逻辑。 （2）特殊情况 介词可后置，此时关系代词可用 that/which/whom，作宾语时可省略（the man (whom/that) I work with）。 5. 非限制性定语从句的特殊注意事项 不能用that，指人用 who/whom，指物用 which，指代主句用 as/which； as 与 which 指代主句的区别：as 表 “正如”，可置于句首；which 表 “这一点”，只能置于主句后（He won the game, which made us happy.）； 主句与非限制性定从之间必须加逗号，去掉定从后主句语法完整。 四、核心考点 3：定语从句的特殊类型（高考拓展考点） 1. 分隔式定语从句（隔离定从） 先行词与关系词之间被插入语 / 定语 / 状语隔开，高考易因忽略先行词而选错关系词，核心：先找先行词，再判成分。 例句：The days are gone when we used foreign oil.（先行词 the days 与 when 被 are gone 隔开） 2. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别（高考易混考点，单选 / 语法填空常考） 维度 定语从句 同位语从句 连接词作用 代替先行词，在从句作成分 只起连接作用，不作成分 修饰对象 任意名词 / 代词 多为抽象名词（news/fact/idea/truth 等） 与先行词关系 修饰限定 “…… 的” 解释说明先行词的具体内容 连接词 that 可省（作宾语），无 whether/how/why that 不可省，可有 whether/how/why 例句：① The fact that he told me is true.（定语从句，that 作宾语，可省）；② The fact that he won the game is true.（同位语从句，that 不作成分，不可省）。 3. 关系代词的省略（仅限制性定从） 只有关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语 / 定语 / 表语时一律不可省；非限制性定从的关系代词无论作何成分，均不可省略。 可省：I like the book (that/which) you bought.（that/which 作宾语） 不可省：I like the book that/which is on the desk.（that/which 作主语） 五、高考常见易错点与避坑指南（核心提分点） 误将关系副词与代词混用：先行词是时间 / 地点，先看从句是否缺主 / 宾，缺则用 that/which，不缺则用 when/where； 介词后用 that：介词后只能用 which/whom，牢记 “介 + which/whom”； 非限制性定从用 that：非限制定从一律不用 that，指物用 which，指人用 who/whom； whose 后不接名词：whose 是定语，后必须接名词，否则转换为 of which/of whom； 混淆 as 与 which：指代主句时，as 可置句首，表 “正如”；which 只能置句后，表 “这一点”； 定语从句与强调句混淆：强调句结构为It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分，去掉 It is/was...that 后句子完整；定语从句去掉关系词后句子不完整。 例句：① It is the park where we met.（定语从句，去掉 where 后：It is the park we met. 不完整）；② It is in the park that we met.（强调句，去掉 It is...that 后：We met in the park. 完整）。 定语从句语法易错点专项突破 易错点 1：先行词为时间 / 地点 / 原因，盲选关系副词 when/where/why 错因 只看先行词类型，忽略从句是否缺主 / 宾 / 表，误将 “先行词是时间 / 地点 / 原因” 当作选关系副词的唯一依据。 错题示例 ❌ This is the factory where we visited last week. ✅ This is the factory that/which we visited last week. 解析 先行词是地点 the factory，但从句 “we visited ______ last week”缺宾语（visited 后无对象），需用关系代词 that/which（作宾语可省略）；若从句不缺主宾，才用 where。 拓展正确例句 This is the factory where we worked last week.（从句 we worked 不缺主宾，缺地点状语，用 where） 避坑技巧 三步判断：先行词是时间 / 地点 / 原因→ 分析从句成分→ 缺主 / 宾 / 表→ 用 that/which；不缺主 / 宾 / 表→ 用 when/where/why。 易错点 2：介词后误用 that/who，或介词位置混乱 错因 忘记 “介词后只能接 which（指物）/whom（指人）” 的规则；混淆 “介词 + 关系代词” 与 “关系代词 + 介词后置” 的用法。 错题示例 ❌ The girl with that I talked just now is my classmate. ❌ The book which I am interested in it is very popular. ✅ The girl with whom I talked just now is my classmate. ✅ The book which/that I am interested in is very popular.（介词后置，which/that 作宾语可省略） 拓展考点 “介词 + 关系代词” 中介词的选择依据：① 先行词的固定搭配（the key to which）；② 从句中动词 / 形容词的固定搭配（be angry with whom）；③ 句意逻辑（the day on which I was born）。 避坑技巧 介词后直接跟关系词→ 必用 which/whom，绝不用 that/who； 介词后置时，关系代词可用 that/which/whom（作宾语可省），从句中不可再加 it/them（避免重复）。 易错点 3：非限制性定语从句中误用 that，或漏加逗号 / 关系词 错因 混淆限制性与非限制性定语从句的关系词规则，忽略非限的 “逗号分隔 + 不能用 that + 关系词不可省” 三大特征。 错题示例 ❌ My father that is a doctor works in a big hospital.（非限，先行词指人且表补充） ❌ My father, is a doctor, works in a big hospital. ✅ My father, who is a doctor, works in a big hospital. 延伸错点 ❌ The story, that he told me, is very interesting. ✅ The story, which he told me, is very interesting. 避坑技巧 非限制性定语从句核心规则： 主句与从句间必须加逗号； 绝对不能用 that，指人用 who/whom，指物用 which，指代整个主句用 as/which； 关系词无论作何成分，一律不可省略（区别于限制性定从的宾语省略）。 易错点 4：whose 的误用（后不接名词 / 混淆 of which/of whom 转换） 错因 忘记 whose 是关系形容词，必须后接名词；不会将 “whose + 名词” 转换为 “of which/of whom+the + 名词”。 错题示例 ❌ The house whose is red is mine. ❌ The boy whose we met yesterday is Tom’s brother. ✅ The house whose door is red is mine. ✅ The boy whom/that we met yesterday is Tom’s brother.（缺宾语，用关系代词而非 whose） 核心转换考点（高考语法填空高频） whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which/of whom = of which/of whom + the + 名词 ✅ The house whose door is red = The house the door of which is red = The house of which the door is red. 避坑技巧 看到 whose，先找后面的名词→ 有名词，表 “…… 的”，用 whose；无名词，说明从句缺主 / 宾，换用 that/which/who/whom。 易错点 5：as 与 which 指代整个主句时混用，忽略位置 / 语义差异 错因 分不清二者指代主句时的位置限制 + 语义区别，尤其在非限制性定从中盲目替换。 核心区别（高考单选 / 改错高频） 关系词 位置 语义 固定搭配 as 可置于句首 / 句中 / 句末 表 “正如 / 就像”，符合常理 / 大家都知道的事实 as we all know, as is known to all, as is said, as can be seen which 只能置于主句之后 表 “这一点”，指代主句的结果 / 事实，常含轻微因果 无固定搭配，单独使用 错题示例 ❌ Which we all know, the earth is round. ❌ As he was late for school, which made his teacher angry. ✅ As we all know, the earth is round. ✅ He was late for school, which made his teacher angry. 避坑技巧 指代主句且在句首→ 必用 as； 指代主句且在句末，表 “正如” 用 as，表 “这一点（结果）” 用 which； 看到固定搭配（as we all know 等），直接用 as，不换 which。 易错点 6：混淆定语从句与同位语从句，尤其对 that 的用法判断错误 错因 忽略二者本质区别：定语从句修饰限定先行词（表 “…… 的”），that 作成分可省；同位语从句解释说明先行词（表具体内容），that 不作成分不可省。先行词多为抽象名词（news/fact/idea/truth/suggestion）时最易混。 对比辨析（配例句） 维度 定语从句 同位语从句 that 的作用 作主 / 宾 / 表，可省（作宾语时） 只起连接作用，不作任何成分，不可省 与先行词的关系 修饰限定，回答 “哪个” 解释说明，回答 “什么内容” 从句完整性 去掉 that，从句不完整 去掉 that，从句完整 错题示例 ❌ I heard the news that he told me yesterday.（定语从句，却误判为同位语，that 作宾语可省） ❌ I heard the news he won the game yesterday.（同位语从句，漏加 that，that 不可省） 正解示范 ✅ I heard the news (that) he told me yesterday.（定语从句，that 作宾语，可省略） ✅ I heard the news that he won the game yesterday.（同位语从句，that 不作成分，不可省） 避坑技巧 判断方法：把先行词代入从句→ 能代入，且作成分→ 定语从句；不能代入，从句是完整句子→ 同位语从句。 示例：把 the news 代入从句 “he told me ______ yesterday”→ told me the news，作宾语→ 定语从句；代入 “he won the game yesterday”→ 无法代入，从句完整→ 同位语从句。 易错点 7：分隔式定语从句（隔离定从），找错先行词 错因 先行词与关系词之间被插入语 / 定语 / 状语隔开，视线被干扰，误将靠近关系词的名词当作先行词。 错题示例 ❌ The time has come when we must make a decision.（易误将 come 当作先行词，实际先行词是 the time） 解析 先行词 the time 与关系词 when 之间被谓语 has come 隔开，从句 “we must make a decision ______” 缺时间状语，用 when 修饰 the time，句子正确（无错误，是典型隔离定从，易因找错先行词误改）。 拓展难例 ✅ He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.（先行词 the only one，who 指代单数，谓语用 has） 避坑技巧 遇到隔离定从，跳过插入成分，先找主句的核心名词→ 再验证该名词是否能被从句修饰→ 结合成分选关系词，不要被 “就近原则” 误导。 易错点 8：定语从句与强调句混淆，误判 that/when/where 的用法 错因 忽略强调句的核心特征：去掉 It is/was...that/who 后，句子结构完整，语义通顺；而定语从句去掉关系词后，句子不完整。 对比辨析（高考易混考点） 定语从句 ❌ It is the park that we met yesterday. ✅ It is the park where we met yesterday. 解析：去掉 It is...that→ The park we met yesterday.（不完整，缺地点状语）→ 定语从句，先行词 the park，从句缺状语，用 where。 强调句 ✅ It is in the park that we met yesterday. 解析：去掉 It is...that→ We met in the park yesterday.（结构完整，语义通顺）→ 强调句，强调地点状语 in the park，用 that。 避坑技巧 万能判断法：遇到 It is/was... 开头的句子，尝试去掉 It is/was...that→ 句子完整→ 强调句，用 that/who；句子不完整→ 定语从句，按定从规则选关系词。 易错点 9：先行词为不定代词 / 被特殊词修饰，误用 which 错因 忘记 “只用 that 不用 which” 的特殊规则，先行词为不定代词或被序数词 / 最高级 /only/very 等修饰时，盲目用 which。 只用 that 的 8 种核心情况（高考必记） 先行词为 all/everything/nothing/something/anything/none/little/few 等不定代词； 先行词被 all/any/every/no/only/very 修饰； 先行词被序数词 / 最高级修饰； 先行词既有人又有物； 主句以 who/which 开头（避免重复）； 先行词被 the only/the very/the last 修饰； 先行词为 much/little/few 时； 定语从句中先行词作表语时。 错题示例 ❌ Everything which he said is true. ✅ Everything that he said is true. 避坑技巧 看到先行词是不定代词 / 被序数词 / 最高级 /only 等修饰，直接选 that，排除 which（非限制性定从除外，因非限本就不用 that）。 易错点 10：关系代词的多余 / 缺失，忽略 “省略的前提条件” 错因 从句不缺主 / 宾 / 表，却多余加 that/which（画蛇添足）； 从句缺主 / 宾 / 表，却漏加关系代词（尤其在语法填空中）； 非限制性定从的宾语，盲目省略关系词。 错题示例 ❌ The girl who she is standing there is my sister.（多余 who，从句 she is standing there 不缺主） ❌ The book I bought yesterday is very interesting.（语法填空无提示词时，易漏填 that/which，作宾语可省，但填空时可填） ❌ My mother, I love very much, is a teacher.（非限，缺宾语，不可省略 whom） 正解示范 ✅ The girl who is standing there is my sister. ✅ The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting. ✅ My mother, whom I love very much, is a teacher. 避坑技巧 分析从句成分→ 不缺主 / 宾 / 表，直接删去 that/which； 语法填空中，从句缺主 / 宾 / 表，无提示词→ 填 that/which/who/whom（结合先行词）； 只有限制性定从中，关系代词作宾语时可省略→ 非限制性定从，无论作何成分，关系词都不可省 定语从句语法临考抢分技巧 一、通用快速解题三步法（所有定语从句题型通用） 第一步：找先行词（精准定位，避开隔离坑） 优先找定语从句前面最近的名词 / 代词，若为隔离式定从，跳过插入语 / 谓语 / 状语（如 is/are/has come 等），找主句核心名词； 先行词特殊情况：可指整个主句（非限制性定从，用 as/which），或指人 / 物混合（只用 that）。 第二步：判从句成分（核心步骤，决定关系词类型） 分析定语从句中主语、谓语、宾语是否完整： ✅ 成分完整（主谓 / 主谓宾齐全）→ 缺状语（时间 / 地点 / 原因）→ 用关系副词 when/where/why（或介词 + which）； ❌ 成分残缺（缺主 / 宾 / 表）→ 用关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose），再结合先行词和规则筛选。 第三步：套规则秒杀（只记临考高频规则，不记偏规） 根据 “先行词类型 + 题型要求” 套核心规则，直接锁定答案，无需纠结复杂用法。 二、分题型秒杀技巧（单选 / 语法填空 / 改错，针对性抢分） （一）单项选择：（直接套，不犹豫） 公式 1：先行词 + 成分完整→when/where/why 秒杀标志：先行词是 time/day/year（时间）、place/school/city（地点）、reason（原因），从句主谓宾齐全 例句：I still remember the day ______ I first met her.→从句 I first met her 成分完整→选 when 公式 2：先行词 + 成分残缺→按先行词选代词 先行词指人：缺主语→who，缺宾语→whom/that（可省），表 “…… 的”→whose； 先行词指物：缺主 / 宾→that/which，表 “…… 的”→whose； 先行词人 / 物混合 / 不定代词 / 被最高级 /only 修饰→直接选 that（临考高频考点，占比 80%）。 公式 3：介词后 + 空格→直接选 which/whom 秒杀标志：空格前有介词（in/on/with/for/to 等）→ 指物选 which，指人选 whom（绝不选 that/who）。 公式 4：句首 / 固定搭配（as we know）+ 空格→直接选 as 秒杀标志：空格在句首，指代整个主句；或出现 as/so/such/the same...______→直接选 as。 （二）语法填空：无提示词 / 有提示词，分情况突破 情况 1：无提示词（临考高频，占比 90%） 按 “三步法” 直接填，核心考点秒杀： 介词后→whom/which； 最高级 /only/ 不定代词后→that； 非限制性定从（有逗号）→指人 who/whom，指物 which，指代主句 which/as； 后接名词→whose（表 “…… 的”，临考必考点）； 成分完整表时间 / 地点→when/where。 情况 2：有提示词（多为 who/that/which） 直接验证：提示词是否符合 “成分 + 先行词” 规则，无需替换（如提示词 who，先行词指人且缺主语→直接填 who）。 三、高频考点秒杀清单（临考只记这 10 个，够用） 只用 that 不用 which：不定代词（all/nothing/everything）、最高级、only/very、人 + 物、主句 who/which 开头，直接选 that； 只用 which 不用 that：非限制性定从、介词后，直接选 which； whose=the + 名词 + of which/of whom：语法填空空格后有名词→直接填 whose； as 可置句首，which 只能置句末：指代整个主句，句首选 as，句末表 “这一点” 选 which； reason 后接定从：从句成分完整→why，从句缺主 / 宾→that/which； the same...as/that：表 “同一类”→as，表 “同一个”→that（临考极少考 that，优先选 as）； one of + 复数名词 + 定从：谓语用复数；the only one of + 复数名词 + 定从：谓语用单数（单选 / 改错高频）； 隔离式定从：先行词与关系词之间有插入语，跳过插入语，直接按先行词选关系词； 介词的选择：无提示词时，按从句动词 / 形容词的固定搭配选（如 be interested in→in which，talk with→with whom）； 与强调句区分：It is/was... 后空格，去掉 It is/was...that句子完整→强调句，填 that；不完整→定从，按规则选。 四、定语从句 “必改 6 处”（看到直接改，不分析） 非限制性定从用 that→改 which/who； 介词后用 that/who→改 which/whom； 先行词时间 / 地点，从句缺宾用 where/when→改 that/which； 从句已有主语，多余加 who/that→删去； whose 后无名词→改 that/which/whom（或在 whose 后加名词，看句意）； as we know 后加 it→删去 it。 五、语法填空定语从句 “必填 5 词”（无提示词，优先填） whom：介词后指人，百分百正确； whose：空格后有名词，百分百正确； that：最高级 /only/ 不定代词后，百分百正确； which：非限制性定从指物 / 介词后指物，百分百正确； when/where：先行词时间 / 地点，从句成分完整，百分百正确。 六、临考避坑终极口诀（读题时默念，避开所有易错点） 找先行，判成分；成分全，用副词；成分缺，用代词； 介后 whom/which，非限不用 that； whose 必接名，as 放句首； 最高 only 不定后，直接选 that； 改错看逗号，有逗不用 that； 强调去 It is，完整用 that，不完整用副词。 定语从句语法必练题型 一、单项选择题（15 题，高考必考题型，侧重关系词选择与易混辨析） 1. This is the small village ______ I visited with my parents last summer vacation. A. where B. that C. in which D. when 2. I will never forget the day ______ I joined the English club and made many friends. A. which B. that C. when D. on that 3. The reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his absence was not reasonable. A. why B. that C. for which D. in which 4. The girl with ______ you talked just now is the top student in our class. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 5. All ______ we need to do now is to study hard for the coming college entrance examination. A. that B. which C. what D. who 6. He is the only one of the students ______ ______ passed the math exam with full marks. A. who has B. who have C. that have D. which has 7. ______ is known to all, the earth moves around the sun in a fixed orbit. A. Which B. As C. That D. What 8. The book, ______ cover is light blue, is my favorite English novel. A. whose B. which C. its D. that 9. It is in the classroom ______ we had our first English lesson together. A. where B. that C. which D. in which 10. The news ______ our team won the basketball match made all of us excited. A. that B. which C. who D. where 11. This is the factory ______ my father worked for 20 years before he retired. A. that B. which C. where D. whose 12. She has two daughters, ______ are doctors working in the same hospital. A. both of them B. both of whom C. both of which D. whom both 13. The time has come ______ we should pay more attention to our mental health as students. A. when B. that C. which D. at which 14. Who is the person ______ is standing at the school gate and waiting for someone? A. who B. that C. which D. whom 15. Such a book ______ you recommended to me is really worth reading again and again. A. as B. which C. that D. what 二、语法填空题（15 空，高考核心题型，侧重无提示词填关系词） 说明：无提示词为主，少量涉及 “介词 + 关系代词”，符合高考语法填空命题规律 1. I still remember the teacher ______ taught me English in my junior high school. 2. The park ______ we had a picnic last Sunday is very close to our school. 3. This is the most interesting story ______ I have ever read in my life. 4. The boy ______ mother is a nurse always helps others in our class. 5. I don’t know the boy with ______ you played basketball after school yesterday. 6. The machine, ______ was bought last year, is now out of order. 7. There are many reasons ______ people like traveling in their spare time. 8. The pen ______ I bought yesterday is missing. I can’t find it anywhere. 9. As a student, we should make full use of the time ______ we have to study hard. 10. This is the house in ______ my grandfather lived for more than 50 years. 11. She told me a story, ______ made me laugh a lot. 12. The man ______ is talking with our head teacher is my father’s friend. 13. We visited the museum ______ many ancient cultural relics are on show. 14. All the books ______ are on the shelf are mine. 15. The girl, ______ name is Lucy, won the first prize in the English competition. 三、短文改错题（8 篇，高考必考题型，侧重高频设错点排查） 说明：每篇含 1-2 个定语从句设错点，均为高考最常考的 6 类错误，按考点分类编排 改错题 1（that/which 混用 + 介词后 that） I have a book which cover is yellow and it tells many interesting stories. I borrowed it from the library with that my deskmate recommended to me. 改错题 2（关系副 / 代混用 + 多余代词） This is the village where I visited last year. The people there are very kind and the house which they live in it is very beautiful. 改错题 3（非限用 that+as 后多余 it） As we all know it, English is very important. The dictionary that I bought it yesterday is very useful for my English study. 改错题 4（whose 后无名词 + the only one 后谓语） He is the only one of the students who have passed the English exam. The boy whose is standing there is my best friend. 改错题 5（强调句与定从混淆 + 缺关系词） It is the classroom where we had our English lesson yesterday. I forget the time when we should meet at the school gate. 改错题 6（分隔式定从找错先行词 + 介词搭配） The day has come which we should start our new journey. I don’t know the reason for which he was late for school this morning. 改错题 7（主句 who 开头用 who + 非限缺关系词） Who is the girl who is standing at the gate? She has a brother, he is a college student. 改错题 8（such...which + 缺介词 + 关系代词） Such a story which you told me is very moving. I have a friend with I often go to the cinema on weekends. 四、综合拔高题（3 题，高考压轴级，覆盖复合考点） 说明：涉及 “介词 + 关系代词 + 分隔式定从 + 非限定从” 复合考点，适合冲刺高分 语法填空：In the street there are many shops, in front of ______ there is a big tree ______ provides shade for people in summer. 单句改错：The person to who you just spoke is the manager of the company that son is my classmate. 汉译英（定从应用）：这就是我昨天告诉你的那本关于中国历史的书。（用 that 引导定从） 定语从句语法综合小测 一、单项选择题（每题 2 分，共 15 题，计 30 分） 1. This is the supermarket ______ my mother usually buys fresh fruit and vegetables. A. that B. where C. which D. who 2. The little boy ______ we met in the park yesterday is my neighbor’s son. A. what B. whose C. whom D. when 3. All ______ she said at the meeting made us deeply moved. A. that B. which C. who D. what 4. I still remember the year ______ our school held its first sports meeting. A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. The reason ______ he was late for school was that he missed the early bus. A. that B. why C. which D. for which 6. The girl with ______ you went to the concert last night is my cousin. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 7. ______ is often the case, he gets up early and does morning exercises. A. Which B. As C. That D. What 8. The book, ______ cover is broken, is a gift from my English teacher. A. whose B. which C. its D. that 9. It is in the library ______ we can read all kinds of books and magazines. A. where B. that C. which D. in which 10. He is one of the students ______ ______ won the first prize in the English competition. A. who has B. that have C. which has D. who have 11. The time has come ______ we must prepare for the college entrance examination with all our efforts. A. that B. which C. when D. where 12. She has three children, ______ are studying in different universities. A. all of them B. all of whom C. all of which D. whom all 13. Who is the man ______ is talking with our headmaster at the school gate? A. who B. that C. which D. whom 14. Such a beautiful place ______ we visited last weekend is well worth a second trip. A. as B. which C. that D. what 15. The news ______ our team won the national championship made everyone cheer up. A. which B. that C. who D. where 二、语法填空题（每空 1 分，共 10 空，计 10 分） （无提示词为主，符合高考语法填空命题规律） 1. The teacher ______ teaches us math is very strict but kind to us. 2. This is the factory ______ my father worked for over 15 years. 3. The most interesting movie ______ I have ever seen is Coco. 4. The boy ______ father is a policeman wants to be a detective in the future. 5. I don’t know the person to ______ you just handed the document. 6. The computer, ______ I bought last month, works very well. 7. There are several reasons ______ I like learning English. 8. The pen ______ I lost yesterday was a birthday gift from my mother. 9. In front of the classroom there is a big tree, under ______ many students like to read books. 10. The girl, ______ name is Lily, is the monitor of our class. 10 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11定语从句（清单+专项训练） 目录 定语从句语法清单 定语从句语法易错点专项突破 定语从句语法临考抢分技巧 定语从句语法必练题型 定语从句语法综合小测 定语从句语法清单 一、定语从句基础定义与分类 定义：修饰名词 / 代词（先行词）的从句，由关系词引导，在句中作定语，补充说明先行词的性质、特征、数量等。 分类：按与先行词的位置关系分两类，高考核心考查限制性（必考），非限制性为高频考点。 限制性定语从句：无逗号，与先行词紧密相连，去掉后主句意思不完整（This is the book that I bought yesterday.）。 非限制性定语从句：有逗号，与先行词为松散的补充关系，去掉后主句意思完整（My mother, who is a teacher, loves reading.）。 二、核心考点 1：关系词的分类与基本用法 关系词分关系代词（作主 / 宾 / 表 / 定语）和关系副词（作状语），高考核心考查选关系词的逻辑（先判成分，再看先行词）。 （一）关系代词（6 个） 关系代词 指代对象 可作成分 能否省略（限制性） 特殊说明 that 人 / 物 主 / 宾 / 表 作宾语时可省 不能用于非限制性定从；不能接介词后 which 物 / 事 主 / 宾 / 表 作宾语时可省 可用于非限制性定从；可接介词后 who 人（主格） 主语 不可省 指主句中明确的人，不用于物 whom 人（宾格） 宾语 作宾语时可省 可接介词后（the man to whom I talked） whose 人 / 物 定语 不可省 后必须接名词，表 “…… 的” as 人 / 物 主 / 宾 / 表 作宾语时可省 多用于固定结构（as/so/such...as）；非限制性中可指代整个主句 （二）关系副词（3 个） 核心逻辑：先行词为时间 / 地点 / 原因，且从句缺状语时用，不可与介词 + which 混用（高考易设错）。 关系副词 指代先行词 从句作状语 等价替换 例句 when 时间（time/year/day 等） 时间状语 on/in/at + which I still remember the day when (on which) I met you. where 地点（place/city/school 等） 地点状语 in/at/on + which This is the school where (in which) I studied. why 原因（reason） 原因状语 for which I don’t know the reason why (for which) he left. 易错点：先行词是时间 / 地点，但若从句缺主 / 宾，仍用that/which（This is the day that I will never forget. 从句缺宾语）。 三、核心考点 2：关系词的高频特殊用法（高考必考点） 1. that 与 which 的区别（高考单选高频设错） 只用 that 的情况（先行词有特殊限定） 先行词为all/everything/nothing/something/anything/none/little/few等不定代词； 先行词被all/any/every/no/only/very修饰； 先行词被序数词 / 最高级修饰； 先行词既有人又有物（the teacher and the lesson that I like）； 主句以who/which开头（避免重复，Who is the girl that is standing there?）。 只用 which 的情况 非限制性定语从句中； 关系代词前有介词时（the box in which I put my books）； 先行词为物，且后面有插入语时。 2. whose 的灵活用法（可转换，高考翻译 / 语法填空常考） whose = 先行词 + ’s，表 “…… 的”，可指代人 / 物，后必须接名词；若不接名词，需转换为of which/of whom。 转换公式：whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which/of whom = of which/of whom + the + 名词 例句：The house whose window is broken is mine. = The house the window of which is broken is mine. 3. as 的特殊用法（固定结构 + 指代主句，高考常考） （1）引导限制性定从：用于固定结构，译为 “像…… 一样的” as/so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + as； such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + as； such + 形容词 + 复数 / 不可数名词 + as； the same + 名词 + as（表 “同一类”，与 the same...that 表 “同一个” 区分）。 例句：This is such a good book as I want to read.（as 作宾语） （2）引导非限制性定从：指代整个主句，可置于句首 / 中 / 末，译为 “正如 / 就像” 常见搭配：as we all know /as is known to all /as is said /as is reported /as we can see。 例句：As we all know，the earth goes around the sun. 4. 介词 + 关系代词（高考语法填空 / 单选核心，易失分） （1）核心规则 介词后只能用which（指物）/whom（指人），不能用 that/who； 介词的选择：① 看先行词的搭配（the key to which）；② 看从句中动词 / 形容词的搭配（the man with whom I work）；③ 看句意逻辑。 （2）特殊情况 介词可后置，此时关系代词可用 that/which/whom，作宾语时可省略（the man (whom/that) I work with）。 5. 非限制性定语从句的特殊注意事项 不能用that，指人用 who/whom，指物用 which，指代主句用 as/which； as 与 which 指代主句的区别：as 表 “正如”，可置于句首；which 表 “这一点”，只能置于主句后（He won the game, which made us happy.）； 主句与非限制性定从之间必须加逗号，去掉定从后主句语法完整。 四、核心考点 3：定语从句的特殊类型（高考拓展考点） 1. 分隔式定语从句（隔离定从） 先行词与关系词之间被插入语 / 定语 / 状语隔开，高考易因忽略先行词而选错关系词，核心：先找先行词，再判成分。 例句：The days are gone when we used foreign oil.（先行词 the days 与 when 被 are gone 隔开） 2. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别（高考易混考点，单选 / 语法填空常考） 维度 定语从句 同位语从句 连接词作用 代替先行词，在从句作成分 只起连接作用，不作成分 修饰对象 任意名词 / 代词 多为抽象名词（news/fact/idea/truth 等） 与先行词关系 修饰限定 “…… 的” 解释说明先行词的具体内容 连接词 that 可省（作宾语），无 whether/how/why that 不可省，可有 whether/how/why 例句：① The fact that he told me is true.（定语从句，that 作宾语，可省）；② The fact that he won the game is true.（同位语从句，that 不作成分，不可省）。 3. 关系代词的省略（仅限制性定从） 只有关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语 / 定语 / 表语时一律不可省；非限制性定从的关系代词无论作何成分，均不可省略。 可省：I like the book (that/which) you bought.（that/which 作宾语） 不可省：I like the book that/which is on the desk.（that/which 作主语） 五、高考常见易错点与避坑指南（核心提分点） 误将关系副词与代词混用：先行词是时间 / 地点，先看从句是否缺主 / 宾，缺则用 that/which，不缺则用 when/where； 介词后用 that：介词后只能用 which/whom，牢记 “介 + which/whom”； 非限制性定从用 that：非限制定从一律不用 that，指物用 which，指人用 who/whom； whose 后不接名词：whose 是定语，后必须接名词，否则转换为 of which/of whom； 混淆 as 与 which：指代主句时，as 可置句首，表 “正如”；which 只能置句后，表 “这一点”； 定语从句与强调句混淆：强调句结构为It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分，去掉 It is/was...that 后句子完整；定语从句去掉关系词后句子不完整。 例句：① It is the park where we met.（定语从句，去掉 where 后：It is the park we met. 不完整）；② It is in the park that we met.（强调句，去掉 It is...that 后：We met in the park. 完整）。 定语从句语法易错点专项突破 易错点 1：先行词为时间 / 地点 / 原因，盲选关系副词 when/where/why 错因 只看先行词类型，忽略从句是否缺主 / 宾 / 表，误将 “先行词是时间 / 地点 / 原因” 当作选关系副词的唯一依据。 错题示例 ❌ This is the factory where we visited last week. ✅ This is the factory that/which we visited last week. 解析 先行词是地点 the factory，但从句 “we visited ______ last week”缺宾语（visited 后无对象），需用关系代词 that/which（作宾语可省略）；若从句不缺主宾，才用 where。 拓展正确例句 This is the factory where we worked last week.（从句 we worked 不缺主宾，缺地点状语，用 where） 避坑技巧 三步判断：先行词是时间 / 地点 / 原因→ 分析从句成分→ 缺主 / 宾 / 表→ 用 that/which；不缺主 / 宾 / 表→ 用 when/where/why。 易错点 2：介词后误用 that/who，或介词位置混乱 错因 忘记 “介词后只能接 which（指物）/whom（指人）” 的规则；混淆 “介词 + 关系代词” 与 “关系代词 + 介词后置” 的用法。 错题示例 ❌ The girl with that I talked just now is my classmate. ❌ The book which I am interested in it is very popular. ✅ The girl with whom I talked just now is my classmate. ✅ The book which/that I am interested in is very popular.（介词后置，which/that 作宾语可省略） 拓展考点 “介词 + 关系代词” 中介词的选择依据：① 先行词的固定搭配（the key to which）；② 从句中动词 / 形容词的固定搭配（be angry with whom）；③ 句意逻辑（the day on which I was born）。 避坑技巧 介词后直接跟关系词→ 必用 which/whom，绝不用 that/who； 介词后置时，关系代词可用 that/which/whom（作宾语可省），从句中不可再加 it/them（避免重复）。 易错点 3：非限制性定语从句中误用 that，或漏加逗号 / 关系词 错因 混淆限制性与非限制性定语从句的关系词规则，忽略非限的 “逗号分隔 + 不能用 that + 关系词不可省” 三大特征。 错题示例 ❌ My father that is a doctor works in a big hospital.（非限，先行词指人且表补充） ❌ My father, is a doctor, works in a big hospital. ✅ My father, who is a doctor, works in a big hospital. 延伸错点 ❌ The story, that he told me, is very interesting. ✅ The story, which he told me, is very interesting. 避坑技巧 非限制性定语从句核心规则： 主句与从句间必须加逗号； 绝对不能用 that，指人用 who/whom，指物用 which，指代整个主句用 as/which； 关系词无论作何成分，一律不可省略（区别于限制性定从的宾语省略）。 易错点 4：whose 的误用（后不接名词 / 混淆 of which/of whom 转换） 错因 忘记 whose 是关系形容词，必须后接名词；不会将 “whose + 名词” 转换为 “of which/of whom+the + 名词”。 错题示例 ❌ The house whose is red is mine. ❌ The boy whose we met yesterday is Tom’s brother. ✅ The house whose door is red is mine. ✅ The boy whom/that we met yesterday is Tom’s brother.（缺宾语，用关系代词而非 whose） 核心转换考点（高考语法填空高频） whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which/of whom = of which/of whom + the + 名词 ✅ The house whose door is red = The house the door of which is red = The house of which the door is red. 避坑技巧 看到 whose，先找后面的名词→ 有名词，表 “…… 的”，用 whose；无名词，说明从句缺主 / 宾，换用 that/which/who/whom。 易错点 5：as 与 which 指代整个主句时混用，忽略位置 / 语义差异 错因 分不清二者指代主句时的位置限制 + 语义区别，尤其在非限制性定从中盲目替换。 核心区别（高考单选 / 改错高频） 关系词 位置 语义 固定搭配 as 可置于句首 / 句中 / 句末 表 “正如 / 就像”，符合常理 / 大家都知道的事实 as we all know, as is known to all, as is said, as can be seen which 只能置于主句之后 表 “这一点”，指代主句的结果 / 事实，常含轻微因果 无固定搭配，单独使用 错题示例 ❌ Which we all know, the earth is round. ❌ As he was late for school, which made his teacher angry. ✅ As we all know, the earth is round. ✅ He was late for school, which made his teacher angry. 避坑技巧 指代主句且在句首→ 必用 as； 指代主句且在句末，表 “正如” 用 as，表 “这一点（结果）” 用 which； 看到固定搭配（as we all know 等），直接用 as，不换 which。 易错点 6：混淆定语从句与同位语从句，尤其对 that 的用法判断错误 错因 忽略二者本质区别：定语从句修饰限定先行词（表 “…… 的”），that 作成分可省；同位语从句解释说明先行词（表具体内容），that 不作成分不可省。先行词多为抽象名词（news/fact/idea/truth/suggestion）时最易混。 对比辨析（配例句） 维度 定语从句 同位语从句 that 的作用 作主 / 宾 / 表，可省（作宾语时） 只起连接作用，不作任何成分，不可省 与先行词的关系 修饰限定，回答 “哪个” 解释说明，回答 “什么内容” 从句完整性 去掉 that，从句不完整 去掉 that，从句完整 错题示例 ❌ I heard the news that he told me yesterday.（定语从句，却误判为同位语，that 作宾语可省） ❌ I heard the news he won the game yesterday.（同位语从句，漏加 that，that 不可省） 正解示范 ✅ I heard the news (that) he told me yesterday.（定语从句，that 作宾语，可省略） ✅ I heard the news that he won the game yesterday.（同位语从句，that 不作成分，不可省） 避坑技巧 判断方法：把先行词代入从句→ 能代入，且作成分→ 定语从句；不能代入，从句是完整句子→ 同位语从句。 示例：把 the news 代入从句 “he told me ______ yesterday”→ told me the news，作宾语→ 定语从句；代入 “he won the game yesterday”→ 无法代入，从句完整→ 同位语从句。 易错点 7：分隔式定语从句（隔离定从），找错先行词 错因 先行词与关系词之间被插入语 / 定语 / 状语隔开，视线被干扰，误将靠近关系词的名词当作先行词。 错题示例 ❌ The time has come when we must make a decision.（易误将 come 当作先行词，实际先行词是 the time） 解析 先行词 the time 与关系词 when 之间被谓语 has come 隔开，从句 “we must make a decision ______” 缺时间状语，用 when 修饰 the time，句子正确（无错误，是典型隔离定从，易因找错先行词误改）。 拓展难例 ✅ He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.（先行词 the only one，who 指代单数，谓语用 has） 避坑技巧 遇到隔离定从，跳过插入成分，先找主句的核心名词→ 再验证该名词是否能被从句修饰→ 结合成分选关系词，不要被 “就近原则” 误导。 易错点 8：定语从句与强调句混淆，误判 that/when/where 的用法 错因 忽略强调句的核心特征：去掉 It is/was...that/who 后，句子结构完整，语义通顺；而定语从句去掉关系词后，句子不完整。 对比辨析（高考易混考点） 定语从句 ❌ It is the park that we met yesterday. ✅ It is the park where we met yesterday. 解析：去掉 It is...that→ The park we met yesterday.（不完整，缺地点状语）→ 定语从句，先行词 the park，从句缺状语，用 where。 强调句 ✅ It is in the park that we met yesterday. 解析：去掉 It is...that→ We met in the park yesterday.（结构完整，语义通顺）→ 强调句，强调地点状语 in the park，用 that。 避坑技巧 万能判断法：遇到 It is/was... 开头的句子，尝试去掉 It is/was...that→ 句子完整→ 强调句，用 that/who；句子不完整→ 定语从句，按定从规则选关系词。 易错点 9：先行词为不定代词 / 被特殊词修饰，误用 which 错因 忘记 “只用 that 不用 which” 的特殊规则，先行词为不定代词或被序数词 / 最高级 /only/very 等修饰时，盲目用 which。 只用 that 的 8 种核心情况（高考必记） 先行词为 all/everything/nothing/something/anything/none/little/few 等不定代词； 先行词被 all/any/every/no/only/very 修饰； 先行词被序数词 / 最高级修饰； 先行词既有人又有物； 主句以 who/which 开头（避免重复）； 先行词被 the only/the very/the last 修饰； 先行词为 much/little/few 时； 定语从句中先行词作表语时。 错题示例 ❌ Everything which he said is true. ✅ Everything that he said is true. 避坑技巧 看到先行词是不定代词 / 被序数词 / 最高级 /only 等修饰，直接选 that，排除 which（非限制性定从除外，因非限本就不用 that）。 易错点 10：关系代词的多余 / 缺失，忽略 “省略的前提条件” 错因 从句不缺主 / 宾 / 表，却多余加 that/which（画蛇添足）； 从句缺主 / 宾 / 表，却漏加关系代词（尤其在语法填空中）； 非限制性定从的宾语，盲目省略关系词。 错题示例 ❌ The girl who she is standing there is my sister.（多余 who，从句 she is standing there 不缺主） ❌ The book I bought yesterday is very interesting.（语法填空无提示词时，易漏填 that/which，作宾语可省，但填空时可填） ❌ My mother, I love very much, is a teacher.（非限，缺宾语，不可省略 whom） 正解示范 ✅ The girl who is standing there is my sister. ✅ The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting. ✅ My mother, whom I love very much, is a teacher. 避坑技巧 分析从句成分→ 不缺主 / 宾 / 表，直接删去 that/which； 语法填空中，从句缺主 / 宾 / 表，无提示词→ 填 that/which/who/whom（结合先行词）； 只有限制性定从中，关系代词作宾语时可省略→ 非限制性定从，无论作何成分，关系词都不可省 定语从句语法临考抢分技巧 一、通用快速解题三步法（所有定语从句题型通用） 第一步：找先行词（精准定位，避开隔离坑） 优先找定语从句前面最近的名词 / 代词，若为隔离式定从，跳过插入语 / 谓语 / 状语（如 is/are/has come 等），找主句核心名词； 先行词特殊情况：可指整个主句（非限制性定从，用 as/which），或指人 / 物混合（只用 that）。 第二步：判从句成分（核心步骤，决定关系词类型） 分析定语从句中主语、谓语、宾语是否完整： ✅ 成分完整（主谓 / 主谓宾齐全）→ 缺状语（时间 / 地点 / 原因）→ 用关系副词 when/where/why（或介词 + which）； ❌ 成分残缺（缺主 / 宾 / 表）→ 用关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose），再结合先行词和规则筛选。 第三步：套规则秒杀（只记临考高频规则，不记偏规） 根据 “先行词类型 + 题型要求” 套核心规则，直接锁定答案，无需纠结复杂用法。 二、分题型秒杀技巧（单选 / 语法填空 / 改错，针对性抢分） （一）单项选择：（直接套，不犹豫） 公式 1：先行词 + 成分完整→when/where/why 秒杀标志：先行词是 time/day/year（时间）、place/school/city（地点）、reason（原因），从句主谓宾齐全 例句：I still remember the day ______ I first met her.→从句 I first met her 成分完整→选 when 公式 2：先行词 + 成分残缺→按先行词选代词 先行词指人：缺主语→who，缺宾语→whom/that（可省），表 “…… 的”→whose； 先行词指物：缺主 / 宾→that/which，表 “…… 的”→whose； 先行词人 / 物混合 / 不定代词 / 被最高级 /only 修饰→直接选 that（临考高频考点，占比 80%）。 公式 3：介词后 + 空格→直接选 which/whom 秒杀标志：空格前有介词（in/on/with/for/to 等）→ 指物选 which，指人选 whom（绝不选 that/who）。 公式 4：句首 / 固定搭配（as we know）+ 空格→直接选 as 秒杀标志：空格在句首，指代整个主句；或出现 as/so/such/the same...______→直接选 as。 （二）语法填空：无提示词 / 有提示词，分情况突破 情况 1：无提示词（临考高频，占比 90%） 按 “三步法” 直接填，核心考点秒杀： 介词后→whom/which； 最高级 /only/ 不定代词后→that； 非限制性定从（有逗号）→指人 who/whom，指物 which，指代主句 which/as； 后接名词→whose（表 “…… 的”，临考必考点）； 成分完整表时间 / 地点→when/where。 情况 2：有提示词（多为 who/that/which） 直接验证：提示词是否符合 “成分 + 先行词” 规则，无需替换（如提示词 who，先行词指人且缺主语→直接填 who）。 三、高频考点秒杀清单（临考只记这 10 个，够用） 只用 that 不用 which：不定代词（all/nothing/everything）、最高级、only/very、人 + 物、主句 who/which 开头，直接选 that； 只用 which 不用 that：非限制性定从、介词后，直接选 which； whose=the + 名词 + of which/of whom：语法填空空格后有名词→直接填 whose； as 可置句首，which 只能置句末：指代整个主句，句首选 as，句末表 “这一点” 选 which； reason 后接定从：从句成分完整→why，从句缺主 / 宾→that/which； the same...as/that：表 “同一类”→as，表 “同一个”→that（临考极少考 that，优先选 as）； one of + 复数名词 + 定从：谓语用复数；the only one of + 复数名词 + 定从：谓语用单数（单选 / 改错高频）； 隔离式定从：先行词与关系词之间有插入语，跳过插入语，直接按先行词选关系词； 介词的选择：无提示词时，按从句动词 / 形容词的固定搭配选（如 be interested in→in which，talk with→with whom）； 与强调句区分：It is/was... 后空格，去掉 It is/was...that句子完整→强调句，填 that；不完整→定从，按规则选。 四、定语从句 “必改 6 处”（看到直接改，不分析） 非限制性定从用 that→改 which/who； 介词后用 that/who→改 which/whom； 先行词时间 / 地点，从句缺宾用 where/when→改 that/which； 从句已有主语，多余加 who/that→删去； whose 后无名词→改 that/which/whom（或在 whose 后加名词，看句意）； as we know 后加 it→删去 it。 五、语法填空定语从句 “必填 5 词”（无提示词，优先填） whom：介词后指人，百分百正确； whose：空格后有名词，百分百正确； that：最高级 /only/ 不定代词后，百分百正确； which：非限制性定从指物 / 介词后指物，百分百正确； when/where：先行词时间 / 地点，从句成分完整，百分百正确。 六、临考避坑终极口诀（读题时默念，避开所有易错点） 找先行，判成分；成分全，用副词；成分缺，用代词； 介后 whom/which，非限不用 that； whose 必接名，as 放句首； 最高 only 不定后，直接选 that； 改错看逗号，有逗不用 that； 强调去 It is，完整用 that，不完整用副词。 定语从句语法必练题型 一、单项选择题（15 题，高考必考题型，侧重关系词选择与易混辨析） 1. This is the small village ______ I visited with my parents last summer vacation. A. where B. that C. in which D. when 2. I will never forget the day ______ I joined the English club and made many friends. A. which B. that C. when D. on that 3. The reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his absence was not reasonable. A. why B. that C. for which D. in which 4. The girl with ______ you talked just now is the top student in our class. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 5. All ______ we need to do now is to study hard for the coming college entrance examination. A. that B. which C. what D. who 6. He is the only one of the students ______ ______ passed the math exam with full marks. A. who has B. who have C. that have D. which has 7. ______ is known to all, the earth moves around the sun in a fixed orbit. A. Which B. As C. That D. What 8. The book, ______ cover is light blue, is my favorite English novel. A. whose B. which C. its D. that 9. It is in the classroom ______ we had our first English lesson together. A. where B. that C. which D. in which 10. The news ______ our team won the basketball match made all of us excited. A. that B. which C. who D. where 11. This is the factory ______ my father worked for 20 years before he retired. A. that B. which C. where D. whose 12. She has two daughters, ______ are doctors working in the same hospital. A. both of them B. both of whom C. both of which D. whom both 13. The time has come ______ we should pay more attention to our mental health as students. A. when B. that C. which D. at which 14. Who is the person ______ is standing at the school gate and waiting for someone? A. who B. that C. which D. whom 15. Such a book ______ you recommended to me is really worth reading again and again. A. as B. which C. that D. what 单选答案 + 核心解析 1. B 解析：先行词 the small village 指物，从句 visited 后缺宾语，用 that（which 可替换，where/in which 作状语，排除）。 2. C 解析：先行词 the day 指时间，从句成分完整（主谓宾齐全），缺时间状语，用 when（on that 错误，介词后用 which）。 3. B 解析：先行词 the reason，从句 explained 后缺宾语，用 that（why/for which 作原因状语，排除）。 4. B 解析：介词 with 后指人，用 whom（who/that 不能用于介词后，which 指物）。 5. A 解析：先行词 All 为不定代词，只用 that（which 不可用，what 不引导定从）。 6. A 解析：先行词 the only one of the students，指人用 who，谓语与 the only one 保持一致，用 has。 7. B 解析：指代整个主句且置于句首，用 As（which 只能置于句末，that/what 不引导非限制定从）。 8. A 解析：空格后有名词 cover，表 “书的封面”，用 whose（which/that 不表所属，its 不能引导定从）。 9. B 解析：去掉 It is...that 后，句子为 We had our first English lesson together in the classroom，结构完整，是强调句，用 that。 10. A 解析：先行词 the news，从句是对 news 的内容解释，为同位语从句，that 不作成分，不可省（which 引导定从需作成分）。 11. C 解析：先行词 the factory 指地点，从句 worked 后缺地点状语，用 where（that/which 作主 / 宾，排除）。 12. B 解析：非限制定从，指人用 whom，both of whom 为固定结构（both of them 不能引导从句，which 指物）。 13. A 解析：分隔式定从，先行词 the time 与关系词被 has come 隔开，从句成分完整，缺时间状语，用 when。 14. B 解析：主句以 Who 开头，为避免重复，定从用 that（who 不可用）。 15. A 解析：固定结构 such...as...，as 引导定从，作 recommended 的宾语（such...that... 引导结果状语从句，从句完整）。 二、语法填空题（15 空，高考核心题型，侧重无提示词填关系词） 说明：无提示词为主，少量涉及 “介词 + 关系代词”，符合高考语法填空命题规律 1. I still remember the teacher ______ taught me English in my junior high school. 2. The park ______ we had a picnic last Sunday is very close to our school. 3. This is the most interesting story ______ I have ever read in my life. 4. The boy ______ mother is a nurse always helps others in our class. 5. I don’t know the boy with ______ you played basketball after school yesterday. 6. The machine, ______ was bought last year, is now out of order. 7. There are many reasons ______ people like traveling in their spare time. 8. The pen ______ I bought yesterday is missing. I can’t find it anywhere. 9. As a student, we should make full use of the time ______ we have to study hard. 10. This is the house in ______ my grandfather lived for more than 50 years. 11. She told me a story, ______ made me laugh a lot. 12. The man ______ is talking with our head teacher is my father’s friend. 13. We visited the museum ______ many ancient cultural relics are on show. 14. All the books ______ are on the shelf are mine. 15. The girl, ______ name is Lucy, won the first prize in the English competition. 语法填空答案 + 核心解析 1. who/that 解析：先行词 the teacher 指人，从句缺主语，who/that 均可。 2. where 解析：先行词 the park 指地点，从句成分完整，缺地点状语，用 where。 3. that 解析：先行词被最高级 the most interesting 修饰，只用 that。 4. whose 解析：空格后有名词 mother，表 “男孩的妈妈”，用 whose 表所属。 5. whom 解析：介词 with 后指人，用 whom。 6. which 解析：非限制定从，指物 the machine，用 which（that 不可用）。 7. why 解析：先行词 the reasons，从句成分完整，缺原因状语，用 why。 8. that/which/ 不填 解析：先行词 the pen 指物，从句缺宾语，that/which 可省。 9. that/which/ 不填 解析：先行词 the time 指物，从句缺宾语，that/which 可省。 10. which 解析：介词 in 后指物 the house，用 which（that 不可用）。 11. which 解析：非限制定从，指代整个主句，置于句末，用 which。 12. who/that 解析：先行词 the man 指人，从句缺主语，who/that 均可。 13. where 解析：先行词 the museum 指地点，从句成分完整，缺地点状语，用 where。 14. that 解析：先行词 All the books，all 修饰先行词，只用 that。 15. whose 解析：非限制定从，空格后有名词 name，表 “女孩的名字”，用 whose。 三、短文改错题（8 篇，高考必考题型，侧重高频设错点排查） 说明：每篇含 1-2 个定语从句设错点，均为高考最常考的 6 类错误，按考点分类编排 改错题 1（that/which 混用 + 介词后 that） I have a book which cover is yellow and it tells many interesting stories. I borrowed it from the library with that my deskmate recommended to me. 改错题 2（关系副 / 代混用 + 多余代词） This is the village where I visited last year. The people there are very kind and the house which they live in it is very beautiful. 改错题 3（非限用 that+as 后多余 it） As we all know it, English is very important. The dictionary that I bought it yesterday is very useful for my English study. 改错题 4（whose 后无名词 + the only one 后谓语） He is the only one of the students who have passed the English exam. The boy whose is standing there is my best friend. 改错题 5（强调句与定从混淆 + 缺关系词） It is the classroom where we had our English lesson yesterday. I forget the time when we should meet at the school gate. 改错题 6（分隔式定从找错先行词 + 介词搭配） The day has come which we should start our new journey. I don’t know the reason for which he was late for school this morning. 改错题 7（主句 who 开头用 who + 非限缺关系词） Who is the girl who is standing at the gate? She has a brother, he is a college student. 改错题 8（such...which + 缺介词 + 关系代词） Such a story which you told me is very moving. I have a friend with I often go to the cinema on weekends. 短文改错答案 + 核心解析 改错题 1 which → whose（空格后有名词 cover，表 “书的封面”，用 whose）； that → which（介词 with 后指物，用 which）。 改错题 2 where → that/which（或删去 where）（先行词 the village，从句 visited 缺宾语，用关系代词）； 删去 it（关系代词 which 作 in 的宾语，it 重复，多余）。 改错题 3 删去 it（As we all know 为固定搭配，as 作宾语，it 多余）； 删去 it（that 作 bought 的宾语，it 重复，多余）。 改错题 4 have → has（先行词 the only one，谓语用单数）； whose → who/that（whose 后无名词，从句缺主语，指人用 who/that）。 改错题 5 where → that（去掉 It is...that 后句子完整，是强调句，用 that）； 无错误（先行词 the time，从句成分完整，缺时间状语，用 when，正确）。 改错题 6 which → when（分隔式定从，先行词 the day，从句成分完整，缺时间状语，用 when）； 无错误（for which=why，介词搭配正确，无错）。 改错题 7 第二个 who → that（主句以 Who 开头，定从用 that 避免重复）； he → who（非限制定从，指人，缺主语，用 who 引导）。 改错题 8 which → as（固定结构 such...as...，as 引导定从）； with 后加 whom（介词 with 后指人，缺关系词，加 whom）。 四、综合拔高题（3 题，高考压轴级，覆盖复合考点） 说明：涉及 “介词 + 关系代词 + 分隔式定从 + 非限定从” 复合考点，适合冲刺高分 语法填空：In the street there are many shops, in front of ______ there is a big tree ______ provides shade for people in summer. 单句改错：The person to who you just spoke is the manager of the company that son is my classmate. 汉译英（定从应用）：这就是我昨天告诉你的那本关于中国历史的书。（用 that 引导定从） 综合拔高题答案 + 解析 which；that/which 解析：第一空，介词 in front of 后指物 shops，用 which；第二空，先行词 a big tree 指物，从句缺主语，用 that/which。 who→whom；that→whose 解析：第一处，介词 to 后指人，用 whom；第二处，空格后有名词 son，表 “经理的儿子”，用 whose，that 不可表所属。 This is the book about Chinese history that I told you about yesterday. 解析：先行词 the book，that 引导定从作 about 的宾语，“关于中国历史” 译为 about Chinese history，置先行词后。 定语从句语法综合小测 一、单项选择题（每题 2 分，共 15 题，计 30 分） 1. This is the supermarket ______ my mother usually buys fresh fruit and vegetables. A. that B. where C. which D. who 答案：B 解析：先行词 the supermarket 表地点，从句 “my mother usually buys fresh fruit and vegetables” 主谓宾成分完整，缺地点状语，用关系副词 where，that/which 需在从句中作主 / 宾，who 指人，均排除。 2. The little boy ______ we met in the park yesterday is my neighbor’s son. A. what B. whose C. whom D. when 答案：C 解析：先行词 the little boy 指人，从句 “we met ______ in the park yesterday” 缺宾语，用关系代词 whom（that 可替换，what 不引导定语从句，whose 表所属，when 表时间，均排除）。 3. All ______ she said at the meeting made us deeply moved. A. that B. which C. who D. what 答案：A 解析：先行词 All 为不定代词，定语从句中只用 that 引导，不可用 which，who 指人，what 不引导定语从句，均排除。 4. I still remember the year ______ our school held its first sports meeting. A. which B. that C. when D. on which 答案：C 解析：先行词 the year 表时间，从句 “our school held its first sports meeting” 成分完整，缺时间状语，用关系副词 when（on which 需搭配具体某一天，与 year 不匹配，which/that 作主 / 宾，排除）。 5. The reason ______ he was late for school was that he missed the early bus. A. that B. why C. which D. for which 答案：B 解析：先行词 the reason 表原因，从句 “he was late for school” 成分完整，缺原因状语，用关系副词 why（that/which 需在从句中作主 / 宾，for which 虽等价于 why，但高考单选优先选基础关系副词）。 6. The girl with ______ you went to the concert last night is my cousin. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 答案：B 解析：介词 with 后接关系代词，指人用 whom，who/that 不能用于介词后，which 指物，均排除。 7. ______ is often the case, he gets up early and does morning exercises. A. Which B. As C. That D. What 答案：B 解析：指代整个主句且置于句首，表 “正如情况那样”，用 as 引导非限制性定语从句，which 只能置于主句后，that/what 不引导非限制性定语从句，均排除。 8. The book, ______ cover is broken, is a gift from my English teacher. A. whose B. which C. its D. that 答案：A 解析：空格后有名词 cover，表 “书的封面”，用关系代词 whose 表所属，which/that 不表所属，its 不能引导定语从句，均排除。 9. It is in the library ______ we can read all kinds of books and magazines. A. where B. that C. which D. in which 答案：B 解析：本句为强调句，强调地点状语 in the library，去掉 “It is...that” 后句子为 “We can read all kinds of books and magazines in the library”，结构完整，用 that，where/in which 引导定语从句，which 作主 / 宾，均排除。 10. He is one of the students ______ ______ won the first prize in the English competition. A. who has B. that have C. which has D. who have 答案：D 解析：先行词为 the students（one of + 复数名词，先行词为复数），指人用 who/that，定语从句谓语与先行词保持一致，用 have，which 指物，has 为单数，均排除。 11. The time has come ______ we must prepare for the college entrance examination with all our efforts. A. that B. which C. when D. where 答案：C 解析：分隔式定语从句，先行词 the time 与关系词被 has come 隔开，从句 “we must prepare for the college entrance examination with all our efforts” 成分完整，缺时间状语，用 when，that/which 作主 / 宾，where 表地点，均排除。 12. She has three children, ______ are studying in different universities. A. all of them B. all of whom C. all of which D. whom all 答案：B 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词 three children 指人，用 whom，all of whom 为固定结构，all of them 不能引导从句，which 指物，whom all 语序错误，均排除。 13. Who is the man ______ is talking with our headmaster at the school gate? A. who B. that C. which D. whom 答案：B 解析：主句以 Who 开头，为避免重复，定语从句中用 that 引导，who 重复，which 指物，whom 作宾语，均排除。 14. Such a beautiful place ______ we visited last weekend is well worth a second trip. A. as B. which C. that D. what 答案：A 解析：固定结构 such...as...，as 引导定语从句，在从句中作 visited 的宾语；such...that... 引导结果状语从句，从句需完整，本句从句缺宾语，排除 that，which 不用于 such 后，what 不引导定语从句，均排除。 15. The news ______ our team won the national championship made everyone cheer up. A. which B. that C. who D. where 答案：B 解析：先行词 the news 为抽象名词，从句 “our team won the national championship” 是对 news 的内容解释，为同位语从句，that 只起连接作用，不作成分，不可省；which/who/where 引导定语从句需作成分，均排除。 二、语法填空题（每空 1 分，共 10 空，计 10 分） （无提示词为主，符合高考语法填空命题规律） 1. The teacher ______ teaches us math is very strict but kind to us. 答案：who/that 解析：先行词 the teacher 指人，从句缺主语，关系代词 who/that 均可引导。 2. This is the factory ______ my father worked for over 15 years. 答案：where 解析：先行词 the factory 表地点，从句成分完整，缺地点状语，用关系副词 where。 3. The most interesting movie ______ I have ever seen is Coco. 答案：that 解析：先行词被最高级 the most interesting 修饰，定语从句中只用 that 引导。 4. The boy ______ father is a policeman wants to be a detective in the future. 答案：whose 解析：空格后有名词 father，表 “男孩的爸爸”，用关系代词 whose 表所属。 5. I don’t know the person to ______ you just handed the document. 答案：whom 解析：介词 to 后接关系代词，指人用 whom。 6. The computer, ______ I bought last month, works very well. 答案：which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词 the computer 指物，用 which 引导（that 不可用于非限制性定语从句）。 7. There are several reasons ______ I like learning English. 答案：why 解析：先行词 the reasons 表原因，从句成分完整，缺原因状语，用关系副词 why。 8. The pen ______ I lost yesterday was a birthday gift from my mother. 答案：that/which/ 不填 解析：先行词 the pen 指物，从句缺宾语，关系代词 that/which 可引导，也可省略。 9. In front of the classroom there is a big tree, under ______ many students like to read books. 答案：which 解析：介词 under 后接关系代词，先行词 a big tree 指物，用 which。 10. The girl, ______ name is Lily, is the monitor of our class. 答案：whose 解析：非限制性定语从句，空格后有名词 name，表 “女孩的名字”，用 whose 表所属。 10 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $