过去分词语法知识点（作状语、定语和表语）导学案-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

Grammar & Structure 过去分词作状语或定语 I. 过去分词作状语 1. 如同现在分词作状语一样，过去分词作状语也可表示时间、原因、条件以及动作发生时的背景或情况。 e.g. He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. Dressed in white, she suddenly appeared. Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees. A bit frightened, she stood motionless. Given another chance, I’ll do it much better. He turned away, disappointed. Wounded, the soldiers continued to fight. 2. 过去分词短语作时间状语、条件状语、让步状语等时，分词短语前有时也可带when, if, although等连接词。 e.g. If well read, the book will give you much to think. The man will die unless operated at once. When seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more like a big garden. 3. 过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语通常为该分词所表示的动作的受动者，而现在分词作状语时其逻辑主语通常为该分词所表示的动作的施动者。 e.g : Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. Locked up, he had no way to escape. He lay in bed, listening to the music. The professor sat down, surrounded by his students. II. 过去分词作定语 1. 过去分词短语作定语时通常放在被修饰名词的后面；过去分词单词作定语时，一般放在被修饰名词的前面，但有时也可放在后面。 e.g. He has done everything planned for today. Mike is sweeping the broken glasses from the floor. Rivera was a Mexican boxer devoted to the work for his people. The defeated boxer was brought to his corner. Money spent is more than money earned. It is the best painting known. 2. 有些作定语用的过去分词实际上已经被当作形容词使用了. e.g. broken glass, spoken English the excited audience a determined effort a troubled place 3. 过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别 1) 现在分词表主动意思，过去分词表被动意思 e.g. a moving story a moved audience smoking fish smoked fish 2) 现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作的完成 e.g. the falling leaves the fallen leaves the changing world the changed world the developing country the developed country 3) 但是，作前置定语的现在分词既可以表示动作正在进行，也可表示不再进行中；过去分词作前置定语既可表示已完成的被动动作，也可表示已完成的主动动作。 e.g. setting sun barking dog twinkling star neighboring country running water promising young man canned food planned economy lighted candle escaped prisoner retired worker returned students drunken man 4) 有些过去分词作前置定语，既可表示主动意义，也可表示被动意义 e.g : a surprised look = a look that shows surprise a determined effort = an effort that shows determination Exercise I. Choose the best answer. 1. On AIDS Day, the minister部长 of Health Department demanded that 宾从/the problems _____ paid special attention to． A. referred to being B. （referred to提及，涉及） be C. refer to being D. refer to be demand that （should）do 2. Generally speaking, _____ according to the directions用法，说明, the drug has no side effect副作用. A. when taking B. when taken =when (the drug is) taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 3. _____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for打算作…用 residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns故障，损坏. A. Put被动完成 B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put 4. _____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given（固定搭配）考虑到，鉴于 B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 5. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought 后置定语，被动。The goods were bought through a computer. C. been bought D. buying 6. Mr. Smith, _____ of the _____ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring be tired of 厌倦/人的感受 7. _____ with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his parents for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing be faced with面临，面对 8. _____ in a hurry, there were quite a few mistakes in the letter. A. Being typed B. Typed C. Having been typed D. Because he typed the letter ABC主语和主句主语不一致 9. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 10. _____ too often, a student will stop talking in English. A. To be corrected B. If corrected C. Be corrected D. Having been corrected 11. The waltz “The Blue Danube” is thought to be the best of its kind _____. A. having composed B. ever composed 被动和完成 C. having been composed D. to have eve been composed 12. The first textbooks （_____ for teaching English as a foreign language） came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 13. The policeman questioned the _____ workers on the scene about the ______ thief. A. retiring, escaping B. retired, escaping C. retired, escaped D. retiring, escaped 不及物动词的过去分词表主动，且有完成的意思。作为前置定语。 14. The old man avoided touching the hands （_____ out to help him）（as he stepped out of the boat.） A. holding B. having held C. held D. having been held Sb holds out his/her hands→hands were held out 15. The _____ expression on his face is really _____ to all of us. A. puzzling, puzzled B. puzzled, puzzling说明事物本身是什么样子的 C. puzzling, puzzling D. puzzled, puzzled puzzled expression困惑的表情（固定搭配） 16. ______ there, the old house can remind us of the past now and then. A. Leaving B. Having left C. Left D. To be left 17. After his journey from aboard, Richard Jones returned home, _____. A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted 18. _____ his behavior, he’s a man with good education. A. Judging by B. Judged from C. Having judged by D. Being judged from judging by人根据自己的逻辑思维对事物作出判断, judging from人根据自己的逻辑思维对他人作出判断。 19. Returning to the room, __________. A. the book was lost B. I found the book missing C. the book was missing D. the book was found missing 20. During the day tigers usually lie ____, ______ in the long grass. A. rested, hidden B. rested, hiding C. resting, hidden D. resting, hide hidden 以被动的形式来表达主动。 be hidden=hide oneself hidden 更偏向于表达“状态” hiding 更偏向于表达“动作” 21. _____ in thought陷入沉思, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A．Losing B．Having lost C．Lost be lost in陷于，沉浸于 D．To lose 22. The research is so designed精心设计的，有计划的 that once _____ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun=once it is begun被启动 23. If _____ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given=if (he is) given D. being given 24. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known=(which are) known 答案: 1-5 BBAAB 6-10 ACDBB 11-15 BDCCB 16-20 CBABC 21-24 CDCD The Past Participle (2) As a Predicative or as an Object Complement 过去分词作表语 I．过去分词作表语，其功能相当于形容词，通常用以说明主语的状态或主语所具有的特征。可与过去分词构成主系表结构的动词有：appear, become, come, feel, go, get, grow, lie, look, remain, rest, stay, sit, stand, etc. e.g. 1. Jack grew bored with TV programmes. 2. The students felt puzzled at the problems. 3. He looked concerned about the matter. Practice: 1. He was _________________( wound) in the war. 2. The students became ___________( interest) in the lessons taught by the teacher. 3. He looked _________(worry) when he heard the news. 答案: 1. wounded 2. interested 3. worried II. 过去分词作宾语补足语的动词分类： 1) See, hear, watch, find feel, consider 等表示感官和心理状态的动词。 e.g. 1. I saw them assembled in the hall. 2. We found her greatly changed. 3. I considered this problem settled. Practice: 1. I’m glad to see the book_____________( publish) at last. 2. I heard the door___________( close) behind me. 3. I can smell something__________(burn) in the room. 答案: 1. published 2. closed 3. burnt 2） get, have, keep, leave , make 等表示“使役”、“致使”的动词。 e.g. 1. I try to make myself understood. 2. Please keep me informed of the latest developments. 3. She will get the fence mended. Practice: 1. It’s hard to keep her eyes_______ (close) to all going on around her. 2. He wanted to make himself ________ (understand). 3. I can’t get the car________ (start). 4. She had her hand______ (burn) when cooking. 答案: 1. closed 2. understood 3. started 4. burned 3) like, need, order, want , wish等表示要求、失望、命令的动词。 e.g. 1. I should like the matter settled immediately. 2. The commander ordered the army unit reorganized. 3. I don’t want any of you involved in the argument. 4. Do you wish your breakfast brought to your room? Practice: 1. The boss wanted the work _________( do) right away. 2. They wish the matter___________( discuss) at the meeting. 3. The officer ordered the weapons__________( hand) in without delay. 答案: 1. (to be )done 2. (to be) discussed 3. (to be) handed Exercise Choose the best answer. 1. She was glad to see her child well __________. A. take care of B. taken care of C. taken care D. taking care of 2. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word______. A. speaking B. spoken C. speak D. being spoken 3. Ellen was absent this morning because she had her tooth_____. A. filling B. having been filled C. filled D. full 4. Is there anything you want from town? I’m going to get ______. A. those letters mailed B. mailed letters C. to mailed those letters D. those letters mail 5. They wanted the work ______. A. to have done B. to be done C. doing D. to do 6. I need this chapter ______ before tomorrow. A. rewriting B. rewritten C. rewrite D. to write again 7. When she returned home, she found the window open and something_______. A. to steal B. losing C. missed D. stolen 8. My hometown is found _______. A. complete changing B. having completely changed C. completely change D. completely changed 9. We found many people _____ in the meeting room. A. seat B. seating C. to seat D. seated be seated in (固定搭配)，被动表主动。状态。seat oneself hidden 10. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _______. A. being heard B. heard 被动 C. hearing D. hear 11.—“Good morning. Can I help you?” ----“ I’d like to have this package _____, madam.” A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed Weigh+数字→不及物→无被动，主动，非谓语ing Weigh+物体→及物→有被动的形式 12. Walking along the river, we heard someone ______ for help. A. shouting主动，进行 B. shout C. shouted D. having shouted 13. I can’t _____ you running up and down all day long. A. permit B. let C. have D. allow AD: ~ sb to do sth/~ doing sth B: let sb do sth C: have sb do/doing/done 14. He is _______in many ways. A. interested B. interesting主系表，描述事物/人本身特点 C. interest D. interests 15. What he has said is __________. A. confused B. confusing C. being confused D. to be confused 16. After the heavy rain, many cars got ________ in the mud泥. 　　A. catch B. catching C. caught 被动 D. being caught 17. What surprised me most/ was/ that the leader of that country got ________ . 　　A. kill B. killing C. killed 被动 D. to be killed 18. When I went in, they were ________ in a heated discussion. 　　A. absorb B. absorbed C. absorbing D. being absorbed 19. The thief seems ________ in that cave. Let's go and see. 　　A. hidden B. hide C. hiding D. to hide 20. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _______ as the plane was making a landing着陆. 　　A. seat B. seating C. seated坐着的状态 D. to be seating 答案: 1-5 B B C A B 6-10 B D D D B 11-15 D A C B B 16-20 CCBCC 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $