专题八 动词和动词短语 学案 2026年河北省中考英语语法专题复习

专题八　动词和动词短语 ＠知识概览 ＠考纲考情分析 #命题点 #考查角度 #涉及题型 #年份及题号 #考查词 #解题依据 动词和 动词短语 动词 词义辨析 (5年13考) 完形填空 2025年31题 face/accept/forget/cancel 语境 2025年34题 caught/chose/covered/ corrected 语境 2022年41题 fly/swim/run/skate 语境 2022年43题 protect/leave/find/share 语境 2022年45题 hated/agreed/learned/ decided 语境 2022年50题 ask/show/change/record 语境 单项选择 2021年37题 sounds/smells/tastes/feels 语境 完形填空 2021年45题 told/heard/invited/watched 语境 2023年43题 call/praise/help/cheer 语境 2023年44题 win/watch/join/report 语境 2023年49题 feel/face/guess/give 语境 2020年42题 walk/jump/stand/sit 语境 2020年47题 copy/write/print/read 语境 动词短语辨析 (5年8考) 单项选择 2022年34题 try on/put down/take off/ throw away 根据句意：“试穿衬衫” 完形填空 2021年46题 come out/fall down/move on/pass by 语境 2021年50题 hurry up/look up/grow up/ dress up 语境 单项选择 2020年38题 put up/clean up/look up/ give up 语境 动词和 动词短语 动词短语辨析 (5年8考) 完形填空 2020年50题 think about/talk about/ care about/hear about 语境 单项选择 2019年31题 pick up/put on/take off/ throw away 语境 完形填空 2019年44题 looking at/looking for/l ooking after/ looking through 语境 单项选择 2023年36题 put up/put out/put down/ put away 语境 ＠知识梳理 动词定义：动词是表示人或事物动作或状态的词。 命题点一　实义动词 实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词，根据后面是否能直接带宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。 #实义动词 #用法 #例句 及物动词 必须跟宾语，语义才能完整，后接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语 ① We planted 　many trees　.(动词＋宾语结构) ② She often saw 　Lily　 　dance　 in the dancing room.(动词＋宾语＋宾补结构) ③ Please pass 　me　 　the book　.＝ Please pass 　the book　 to 　me　. (动词＋双宾语结构) 不及物动词 本身语义完整，后面不需要跟宾语，如要接宾语，部分动词通常要借助介词 ① They study at home.(主语＋谓语) ② Listen 　to　 me carefully.(借助介词) 注：兼作及物和不及物动词的词有：answer， begin， start， close， improve， learn， leave， prepare， sing等。如：He learnt a lot when he was a kid.(不及物动词) He learnt 　English　 very well.(及物动词) 拓展：常见非延续性动词和延续性动词转换表： 非延续性→延续性 非延续性→延续性 become → be begin/start → be on borrow → keep buy → have die →be dead finish →be over leave →be away marry →be married open →be open put on →wear join →be in/be a member of catch a cold →have a cold 命题点二　连系动词 　　连系动词即无动词意义、连接主语和表语的动词，用以说明主语的身份、性质、特征及状态，只有主动形式。可分为以下四种类别： #类别 #例词 #例句 存在类 be In our room， many storybooks and pens are in the bookcase. 持续类 keep， stay， remain He always keeps quiet in class. 变化类 become， go， get， grow， turn If the traffic lights turn red， you mustn’t cross the road. 感官动词 look， sound， smell， taste， feel Mum is cooking in the kitchen. It smells delicious. 命题点三　助动词 　　助动词本身无意义，不能单独作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用，一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。如下表： #类别 #常见的变形 be be ＋ doing 构成进行时；be ＋ done构成被动语态 am， is， are； was， were 如：The girl is playing the piano. The window was fixed well by Tom. do 用于构成疑问句、否定句以及代替前面刚刚出现的动词 does， did 如：Does Lily like summer？ will 帮助动词构成将来时(用于各种人称) would(表达过去将来时的助动词或用作委婉语气词) 如：He will learn how to swim if he has a chance in summer holiday. He said he would come to visit my new garden yesterday. Would you help me， please？ shall 帮助动词构成将来时(用于第一人称) We shall help the students who are in need. have 帮助动词构成完成时 have/has/had done has， had I don’t know why， but I have had this fear since I was very young.(冀教版英语九年级L2) 命题点四　动词短语 　　河北中考对动词短语的考查较多。此类试题目的在于通过题干或语境考查考生对上下文的理解、动词短语不同搭配的识别及辨析动词短语含义，并能恰当运用动词短语的能力。通过理解、记忆和练习提升对动词短语的掌握。 1.同一动词型 #look 短语 #get 短语 #come 短语 look for寻找；寻求 look after照顾；照看 look at ...看…… look around(四处)转转；参观 look into调查；观察 look like看起来像 look out小心；注意 look over检查 look through快速查看；浏览 look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看 look back ...回首(往事)；回忆；回顾 look up to钦佩；仰慕 look forward to ...盼望；期待 look down upon瞧不起；看低 get away 逃离 get back 回来 get in进入；到达；收获 get into陷入；参与 get off下车 get out离开；出去 get over克服 get on上车 get to到达 get up起床；站起来 get ready for为……做准备 get out of离开；从……出来 get used to习惯于 get on/along with和睦相处；关系良好 come across(偶然)遇见(或发现) come back回来；想起来 come down下来 come from来自 come in/into 进入；进来 come out出现；出版；(花)绽放 come on快点儿；加油 come over过来；顺便来访 come true 实现 come back to恢复；回到(主题、想法等)上来 come up with想出；提出(主意、答案等) #give短语 #go短语 #put短语 give away 捐赠 give back 还给；归还 give in屈服；让步 give off发出(光、热等) give out散发；分发 give up 放弃 go along ...沿着……走 go away消失 go ahead前进 go back回去 go by流逝；过去 go on继续 go out出去 go over仔细检查；复习 go off(闹钟)响起；消失 go through穿过 put away放好 put ... back将……放回 put down写下；记下 put into投入；投放(资金) put off推迟 put out熄灭 put on上演；增加(体重)；戴上；穿上 put together组装；组织 put up搭建；张贴 #take短语 take after ...与……长得像 take down 拆除；往下拽；记录 take in吸收；吸入 take off起飞；脱掉 take over接收，接管 take out切除；摘除；带走 take on 承担；接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任) take up占用，占据；开始从事 take away from ...从……拿走 take care of照顾 take part in参加 take pride in ... 以……为骄傲 take the place of代替 #turn短语 turn around转身；调转方向 turn back(使)返回；(使)折回 turn down拒绝；调低(声音) turn into变成 turn right/left向右/左转 turn off关掉 turn out结果是 turn ... over使……翻转 turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开 turn to转向；求助于 turn up调高(声音) 2.同一介词/副词型 #up 短语 #down 短语 #out 短语 grow up长大(2021.50) clean up收拾干净；打扫(2020.38) bring up提出；抚养 cheer up(使)变得高兴；振奋起来 call up打电话 catch up赶上 fix up修理 pick up捡起；采摘；接某人 stand up站起来 stay up熬夜 show up出现；露面 wake up醒来 warm up 热身 fall down摔倒(2021.46) break down 损坏；失败 cut down砍倒；削减 calm down(使)平静；镇静 cool down平静下来；冷却 count down倒计时；倒数 die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 knock down拆除；击倒；撞倒 lie down躺下 shut down关闭；停下 sit down坐下 write down写下；记下 find out发现；找出 break out 爆发 bring out使显现；使表现出 blow out熄灭；吹灭 come out 出版 eat out 出去吃饭 hand out分发 point out指出 stand out出色；杰出 take out取出；拿出 work out 计算出 #about 短语 #at 短语 #away 短语 argue about ...为……争论 care about关心；在乎；介意 hear about听说 hang about闲逛；徘徊 know about了解 look about环顾；四处看 worry about担心 walk about四处走动 arrive at到达(小地方) knock at 敲 laugh at嘲笑；取笑 smile at ...冲……笑 shout at ...冲……大声叫嚷 point at指向 pass away去世 run away逃跑；跑掉 throw away扔掉 take away拿走 walk away走开；离去 wash away冲走 #in 短语 #of 短语 #off 短语 bring in引进 believe in 相信 check in 报到；登记 dig in开始认真工作 fill in填写 hand in 交上；提交；呈送 succeed in ...在……方面成功；顺利完成 dream of梦见；渴望 run out of 用完 be made of由……制成 remind ... of使……想起 think of想起 break off 突然中止；中断 cut off 切除 fall off跌落；下降；减少；离开 run off 跑掉；迅速离开 set off 出发；动身前往 #on短语 agree on ...就……达成协议；同意 call on拜访 carry on继续下去；从事 come on加油 depend on依靠；依赖 decide on选定；决定 focus on集中注意力于 hold on坚持；不挂断电话 live on ...以食……为生；靠(……钱)生活 look on旁观 3. 混合型 在做关于“不同动词＋不同介词/副词类”试题时，首先要弄清楚各选项的含义，再根据语境作出判断。 ＠考场实战 Ⅰ.根据句意，填写正确的单词。 1.My best friend will leave 　for　 Beijing tomorrow. I will see him off at the airport. 2.How about giving 　away　 these old books to those in need？ They take up too much room. 3.Peter found a watch on the playground. He went to the teachers’ office and handed it 　in　. 4.—How great the firemen are！ —Yes！ They put 　out　 the fire in less than an hour. 5.Liu Mei often works as a volunteer to cheer 　up　 the sick people in the hospital. Ⅱ.完形填空。 　　Most of us see vacations as a time for fun. 24-year-old Stefani Shamrowicz from Colorado， US， however， recently 　 6 　 to spend her vacation making the earth a little cleaner. 　　Stefani has been fighting back against rubbish for quite some time. When she decided to take a road trip across the US to see her family and friends， she 　 7 　 a creative idea to help out the planet， too. 　　“My name is Stefani and I’m about to 　 8 　 across the country and pick up rubbish，” she said in an online video. “If you’d like to donate (捐赠) $10， I’ll pick up a whole bag of rubbish for you， and I will 　 9 　 you a picture of the bag with your name and the city you help clean up on it， so you’ll feel really good about yourself and the country will be cleaner. Please 　 10 　 me.” 　　Stefani’s story quickly got quite a bit of attention. Plenty of people began 　 11 　 her journey online and making donations. She quickly 　 12 　 over $2，950 and that money did not go to waste. It wasn’t long before she’d driven over 70 hours through 11 states in the US and collected over 120 bags of rubbish. 　　“I’m not going to be able to 　 13 　 everything， but if everyone starts doing that on walks or runs， that’s where the magic lies，” Stefani said. (　A　)6.A. chose B. refused C. stopped D. forgot (　D　)7.A. put up with B. caught up with C. got along with D. came up with (　C　)8.A. ride B. walk C. drive D. leave (　B　)9.A. take B. send C. draw D. hand (　B　)10.A. ask B. help C. call D. thank (　C　)11.A. changing B. imagining C. following D. drawing (　B　)12.A. decided B. raised C. explained D. believed (　A　)13.A. pick up B. look for C. find out D. provide with 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题八　动词和动词短语 ＠知识概览 ＠考纲考情分析 #命题点 #考查角度 #涉及题型 #年份及题号 #考查词 #解题依据 动词和 动词短语 动词 词义辨析 (5年13考) 完形填空 2025年31题 face/accept/forget/cancel 语境 2025年34题 caught/chose/covered/ corrected 语境 2022年41题 fly/swim/run/skate 语境 2022年43题 protect/leave/find/share 语境 2022年45题 hated/agreed/learned/ decided 语境 2022年50题 ask/show/change/record 语境 单项选择 2021年37题 sounds/smells/tastes/feels 语境 完形填空 2021年45题 told/heard/invited/watched 语境 2023年43题 call/praise/help/cheer 语境 2023年44题 win/watch/join/report 语境 2023年49题 feel/face/guess/give 语境 2020年42题 walk/jump/stand/sit 语境 2020年47题 copy/write/print/read 语境 动词短语辨析 (5年8考) 单项选择 2022年34题 try on/put down/take off/ throw away 根据句意：“试穿衬衫” 完形填空 2021年46题 come out/fall down/move on/pass by 语境 2021年50题 hurry up/look up/grow up/ dress up 语境 单项选择 2020年38题 put up/clean up/look up/ give up 语境 动词和 动词短语 动词短语辨析 (5年8考) 完形填空 2020年50题 think about/talk about/ care about/hear about 语境 单项选择 2019年31题 pick up/put on/take off/ throw away 语境 完形填空 2019年44题 looking at/looking for/l ooking after/ looking through 语境 单项选择 2023年36题 put up/put out/put down/ put away 语境 ＠知识梳理 动词定义：动词是表示人或事物动作或状态的词。 命题点一　实义动词 实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词，根据后面是否能直接带宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。 #实义动词 #用法 #例句 及物动词 必须跟宾语，语义才能完整，后接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语 ① We planted 　many trees　.(动词＋宾语结构) ② She often saw 　Lily　 　dance　 in the dancing room.(动词＋宾语＋宾补结构) ③ Please pass 　me　 　the book　.＝ Please pass 　the book　 to 　me　. (动词＋双宾语结构) 不及物动词 本身语义完整，后面不需要跟宾语，如要接宾语，部分动词通常要借助介词 ① They study at home.(主语＋谓语) ② Listen 　to　 me carefully.(借助介词) 注：兼作及物和不及物动词的词有：answer， begin， start， close， improve， learn， leave， prepare， sing等。如：He learnt a lot when he was a kid.(不及物动词) He learnt 　English　 very well.(及物动词) 拓展：常见非延续性动词和延续性动词转换表： 非延续性→延续性 非延续性→延续性 become → be begin/start → be on borrow → keep buy → have die →be dead finish →be over leave →be away marry →be married open →be open put on →wear join →be in/be a member of catch a cold →have a cold 命题点二　连系动词 　　连系动词即无动词意义、连接主语和表语的动词，用以说明主语的身份、性质、特征及状态，只有主动形式。可分为以下四种类别： #类别 #例词 #例句 存在类 be In our room， many storybooks and pens are in the bookcase. 持续类 keep， stay， remain He always keeps quiet in class. 变化类 become， go， get， grow， turn If the traffic lights turn red， you mustn’t cross the road. 感官动词 look， sound， smell， taste， feel Mum is cooking in the kitchen. It smells delicious. 命题点三　助动词 　　助动词本身无意义，不能单独作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用，一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。如下表： #类别 #常见的变形 be be ＋ doing 构成进行时；be ＋ done构成被动语态 am， is， are； was， were 如：The girl is playing the piano. The window was fixed well by Tom. do 用于构成疑问句、否定句以及代替前面刚刚出现的动词 does， did 如：Does Lily like summer？ will 帮助动词构成将来时(用于各种人称) would(表达过去将来时的助动词或用作委婉语气词) 如：He will learn how to swim if he has a chance in summer holiday. He said he would come to visit my new garden yesterday. Would you help me， please？ shall 帮助动词构成将来时(用于第一人称) We shall help the students who are in need. have 帮助动词构成完成时 have/has/had done has， had I don’t know why， but I have had this fear since I was very young.(冀教版英语九年级L2) 命题点四　动词短语 　　河北中考对动词短语的考查较多。此类试题目的在于通过题干或语境考查考生对上下文的理解、动词短语不同搭配的识别及辨析动词短语含义，并能恰当运用动词短语的能力。通过理解、记忆和练习提升对动词短语的掌握。 1.同一动词型 #look 短语 #get 短语 #come 短语 look for寻找；寻求 look after照顾；照看 look at ...看…… look around(四处)转转；参观 look into调查；观察 look like看起来像 look out小心；注意 look over检查 look through快速查看；浏览 look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看 look back ...回首(往事)；回忆；回顾 look up to钦佩；仰慕 look forward to ...盼望；期待 look down upon瞧不起；看低 get away 逃离 get back 回来 get in进入；到达；收获 get into陷入；参与 get off下车 get out离开；出去 get over克服 get on上车 get to到达 get up起床；站起来 get ready for为……做准备 get out of离开；从……出来 get used to习惯于 get on/along with和睦相处；关系良好 come across(偶然)遇见(或发现) come back回来；想起来 come down下来 come from来自 come in/into 进入；进来 come out出现；出版；(花)绽放 come on快点儿；加油 come over过来；顺便来访 come true 实现 come back to恢复；回到(主题、想法等)上来 come up with想出；提出(主意、答案等) #give短语 #go短语 #put短语 give away 捐赠 give back 还给；归还 give in屈服；让步 give off发出(光、热等) give out散发；分发 give up 放弃 go along ...沿着……走 go away消失 go ahead前进 go back回去 go by流逝；过去 go on继续 go out出去 go over仔细检查；复习 go off(闹钟)响起；消失 go through穿过 put away放好 put ... back将……放回 put down写下；记下 put into投入；投放(资金) put off推迟 put out熄灭 put on上演；增加(体重)；戴上；穿上 put together组装；组织 put up搭建；张贴 #take短语 take after ...与……长得像 take down 拆除；往下拽；记录 take in吸收；吸入 take off起飞；脱掉 take over接收，接管 take out切除；摘除；带走 take on 承担；接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任) take up占用，占据；开始从事 take away from ...从……拿走 take care of照顾 take part in参加 take pride in ... 以……为骄傲 take the place of代替 #turn短语 turn around转身；调转方向 turn back(使)返回；(使)折回 turn down拒绝；调低(声音) turn into变成 turn right/left向右/左转 turn off关掉 turn out结果是 turn ... over使……翻转 turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开 turn to转向；求助于 turn up调高(声音) 2.同一介词/副词型 #up 短语 #down 短语 #out 短语 grow up长大(2021.50) clean up收拾干净；打扫(2020.38) bring up提出；抚养 cheer up(使)变得高兴；振奋起来 call up打电话 catch up赶上 fix up修理 pick up捡起；采摘；接某人 stand up站起来 stay up熬夜 show up出现；露面 wake up醒来 warm up 热身 fall down摔倒(2021.46) break down 损坏；失败 cut down砍倒；削减 calm down(使)平静；镇静 cool down平静下来；冷却 count down倒计时；倒数 die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 knock down拆除；击倒；撞倒 lie down躺下 shut down关闭；停下 sit down坐下 write down写下；记下 find out发现；找出 break out 爆发 bring out使显现；使表现出 blow out熄灭；吹灭 come out 出版 eat out 出去吃饭 hand out分发 point out指出 stand out出色；杰出 take out取出；拿出 work out 计算出 #about 短语 #at 短语 #away 短语 argue about ...为……争论 care about关心；在乎；介意 hear about听说 hang about闲逛；徘徊 know about了解 look about环顾；四处看 worry about担心 walk about四处走动 arrive at到达(小地方) knock at 敲 laugh at嘲笑；取笑 smile at ...冲……笑 shout at ...冲……大声叫嚷 point at指向 pass away去世 run away逃跑；跑掉 throw away扔掉 take away拿走 walk away走开；离去 wash away冲走 #in 短语 #of 短语 #off 短语 bring in引进 believe in 相信 check in 报到；登记 dig in开始认真工作 fill in填写 hand in 交上；提交；呈送 succeed in ...在……方面成功；顺利完成 dream of梦见；渴望 run out of 用完 be made of由……制成 remind ... of使……想起 think of想起 break off 突然中止；中断 cut off 切除 fall off跌落；下降；减少；离开 run off 跑掉；迅速离开 set off 出发；动身前往 #on短语 agree on ...就……达成协议；同意 call on拜访 carry on继续下去；从事 come on加油 depend on依靠；依赖 decide on选定；决定 focus on集中注意力于 hold on坚持；不挂断电话 live on ...以食……为生；靠(……钱)生活 look on旁观 3. 混合型 在做关于“不同动词＋不同介词/副词类”试题时，首先要弄清楚各选项的含义，再根据语境作出判断。 ＠考场实战 Ⅰ.根据句意，填写正确的单词。 1.My best friend will leave 　 　 Beijing tomorrow. I will see him off at the airport. 2.How about giving 　 　 these old books to those in need？ They take up too much room. 3.Peter found a watch on the playground. He went to the teachers’ office and handed it 　 　. 4.—How great the firemen are！ —Yes！ They put 　 　 the fire in less than an hour. 5.Liu Mei often works as a volunteer to cheer 　 　 the sick people in the hospital. Ⅱ.完形填空。 　　Most of us see vacations as a time for fun. 24-year-old Stefani Shamrowicz from Colorado， US， however， recently 　 6 　 to spend her vacation making the earth a little cleaner. 　　Stefani has been fighting back against rubbish for quite some time. When she decided to take a road trip across the US to see her family and friends， she 　 7 　 a creative idea to help out the planet， too. 　　“My name is Stefani and I’m about to 　 8 　 across the country and pick up rubbish，” she said in an online video. “If you’d like to donate (捐赠) $10， I’ll pick up a whole bag of rubbish for you， and I will 　 9 　 you a picture of the bag with your name and the city you help clean up on it， so you’ll feel really good about yourself and the country will be cleaner. Please 　 10 　 me.” 　　Stefani’s story quickly got quite a bit of attention. Plenty of people began 　 11 　 her journey online and making donations. She quickly 　 12 　 over $2，950 and that money did not go to waste. It wasn’t long before she’d driven over 70 hours through 11 states in the US and collected over 120 bags of rubbish. 　　“I’m not going to be able to 　 13 　 everything， but if everyone starts doing that on walks or runs， that’s where the magic lies，” Stefani said. ( )6.A. chose B. refused C. stopped D. forgot ( )7.A. put up with B. caught up with C. got along with D. came up with ( )8.A. ride B. walk C. drive D. leave ( )9.A. take B. send C. draw D. hand ( )10.A. ask B. help C. call D. thank ( )11.A. changing B. imagining C. following D. drawing ( )12.A. decided B. raised C. explained D. believed ( )13.A. pick up B. look for C. find out D. provide with 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $