2026年中考英语专题训练【时文阅读】人类将“重返月球”

50余年后人类“重返月球”在即(Artemis II) “阿尔忒弥斯2号”载人绕月飞行任务 January 2026-For the first time in over half a century, NASA is set to send astronauts around the Moon. The agency's Artemis II mission launches no earlier than February 2026; the first crewed lunar flyby since Apollo 17 in 1972. Aboard the Orion spacecraft-launched by the massive Space Launch System （SLS） rocket-an international four- person crew will spend about 10 days in deep space. The team comprises three NASA astronauts （including the first woman assigned to a lunar mission） and one Canadian Space Agency astronaut. The fight is a critical dress rehearsal, designed to certify systems for humanity's sustained return to the Moon and beyond. The mission carries a symbolic artifact: a fabric swatch from the Wright brothers'1903 Flyer, linking the dawn of powered flight to modern deep- space exploration. Orion will follow a "free-return trajectory（轨道）," an inherent safety feature. Lunar gravity will slingshot the craft around the Moon and back to Earth after launch, ensuring a safe return even if propulsion（推进）systems fail. However, the journey has major hazards. Beyond Earth's magnetosphere （磁层）, the crew faces dangerous cosmic radiation and solar flares. They must also endure 10 days in Orion's confined cabin. Engineers closely monitor the heat shield, which had unexpected erosion during the uncrewed Artemis I mission and has since been upgraded. It must withstand extreme atmospheric re- entry heat-any failure would be catastrophic. The crewed life-support system is untested, with no rapid deep- space rescue possible. Communications will be severed for 30 minutes as the craft passes behind the Moon. Despite these trials, Artemis II is a monumental milestone. It validates technology for future lunar landings and paves the way for future missions to Mars. The world watches as humanity takes this bold step toward a future envisioned since the Apollo era. 阅读理解 1. What can we learn about Artemis II from the first paragraph? A. It will be launched in January 2026 for the first crewed lunar flyby in history. B. It is NASA's mission that is scheduled to take off no earlier than February 2026. C. It marks the first crewed lunar flyby by NASA since Apollo 17 in 1972. D. It is the first mission of NASA to send astronauts to explore the deep space. 2. The underlined word "confined" in Paragraph 4 probably means ___________. A. narrow B. modern C. comfortable D. spacious 3. What can we infer from the passage about the Artemis II mission? A. The free-return trajectory can guarantee the mission a 100% safe return. B. The heat shield is the only part that has been upgraded for the mission. C. The mission has to overcome several major risks before its successful completion. D. The life-support system has been tested many times in uncrewed space missions. 4.What is the main purpose of carrying a fabric swatch from the Wright brothers' 1903 Flyer? A. To test the durability of the fabric in the deep space environment. B. To connect the early history of human fight with modern space exploration. C. To honor the Wright brothers for their invention of the first spacecraft. D. To serve as a symbolic artifact for the future Mars exploration mission. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. NASA's Artemis II mission faces numerous challenges in its deep space travel. B. NASA's Artemis II mission is a milestone in human's return to the moon exploration. C. The design and preparation of NASA's Artemis II mission have been completed. D. The Wright brothers' invention plays an important role in NASA's space missions. 信息还原（七选五） 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 NASA's Artemis II mission is a key step in humanity's return to lunar exploration, marking the first crewed lunar flyby in over 50 years since Apollo 17 in 1972.1_____This 10-day journey, covering more than 600,000 miles, aims to test critical systems for future moon landings. 2_____Named after the Greek goddess of the moon （the twin sister of Apollo）, the mission carries great significance. Unlike previous missions, Artemis II doesn't plan to land on the moon. Instead, it focuses on verifying whether the Space Launch System （SLS） rocket and Orion spacecraft can keep astronauts safe in deep space. A four-person international crew will carry out the mission.3_____ Among them is Christina Koch, who holds the record for the longest single space Bight by a woman. Jeremy Hansen from the Canadian Space Agency will become the first non-US. astronaut to fly to the moon. The crew has named their Orion spa cc craft Integrity." 4_____The launch is scheduled to take place at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, with launch windows in February, March, and April 2026. Before liftoff, NASA will conduct a "wet dress rehearsal" to test fueling and countdown procedures, ensuring all systems work properly. During the mission, the crew will perform various tasks. They will fly by the far side of the moon, take photos, and conduct scientific experiments.5_____After a three-day return trip, the spacecraft will splash down in the Pacific Ocean, where the U.S. Navy will recover the crew and the capsule. Artemis II paves the way for Artemis III, which aims to land astronauts near the moon's South Pole. It's a monumental milestone in humanity's quest to explore the moon and beyond. A. The mission's name has a mythological origin. B. These experiments include studying space radiation and micro gravity's effects. C. It will send astronauts beyond low Earth orbit for the first time in decades. D. The crew consists of experienced astronauts from NASA and Canada. E. NASA has prepared thoroughly for the mission’s launch and execution. F. The spacecraft will take three days to reach the moon after launch. G. Many countries are competing to send astronauts to the moon. 完形填空 NASA's Artemis II mission is set to send four astronauts on a historic lunar trip as early as February 6. However, the Orion spacecraft has a known 1_____ in its heat shield, a crucial part protecting astronauts from extreme temperatures when the craft re-enters the Earth's atmosphere. This problem has even led some experts to 2_____ NASA to call off the crewed fight. The issue comes from a design change of the heat shield. The original Apollo-era shield used a（n） 3_____ honeycomb structure with Avcoat material. For Artemis II, NASA replaced it with large Avcoat blocks to make manufacturing 4_____. But the 2022 uncrewed Artemis I test flight saw chunks of the new shield break off during re-entry, leaving deep holes in the material. NASA later found the 5_____ cause: the new material was not permeable enough. Gases built up inside during re-entry, 6_____ cracking and damage. Fixing the Artemis II shield was almost 7_____- it had been installed long before Artemis I flew.8_____, NASA chose to adjust the mission's re-entry path to avoid the conditions that 9_____ the damage. Opinions on the mission's safety are sharply 10_____. Some experts, including former astronaut Danny Olivas, believe NASA has fully 11_____ the problem. They argue the adjusted path and the spacecraft's backup structure will keep the crew 12_____. Artemis II 's commander Reid Wiseman also expressed full confidence in the plan. 13_____, many others remain strongly doubtful. Charlie Camarda, a heat shield expert and former NASA astronaut, is one of the most vocal 14_____. He says NASA's computer models cannot predict all risks and the agency is taking unnecessary chances. He has warned NASA for months, but his advice has so far fallen on 15______ ears. NASA still plans to move forward, with a final review to green-light the launch soon. It stresses safety is the top priority and future heat shields will be improved - though the changes won't apply to Artemis II. 1. A. fault B. change C. mark D. feature 2. A. force B. urge C. allow D. advise 3. A. simple B. modern C. complex D. basic 4. A. faster B. safer C. harder D. cashier 5. A. main B. only C. same D. common 6. A. leading to B. resulting from C. dealing with D. relating to 7. A. boring B. impossible C. expensive D. useless 8. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover 9. A. reduced B. caused C. avoided D. repaired 10. A. divided B. expressed C. presented D. explained 11. A. created B. solved C. understood D. faced 12. A. calm B. healthy C. safe D. awake 13. A. However B. Otherwise C. Thus D. Besides 14. A. supporters B. critics C. engineers D. astronauts 15. A. deaf B. open C. careful D. sensitive 语篇填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 NASA's Artemis II mission has sparked widespread safety discussions. The concern lies in the spacecraft's heat shield, a crucial part 1______（design） to protect astronauts during re-entry. The uncrewed Artemis I test fight in 2022 revealed unexpected damage - chunks of material broke off, 2________ （leave） deep cracks. NASA found the root cause: gases built up inside due to low permeability, leading to the damage. Since the Artemis II heat shield 3________ （install） earlier, replacing it was impossible. 4________ an alternative, NASA adjusted the re-entry trajectory to avoid damaging conditions. This adjustment prevents overly high altitudes, 5________ （reduce） thermal stress. Opinions are divided. Some experts believe NASA has fully understood the risk, ensuring the crew's 6_______ （safe）. The mission commander also expressed confidence. 7_______, many others remain skeptical. Expert Charlie Camarda criticized the strategy as risky, arguing computer models cannot predict all dangers. His warnings seem to have fallen on deaf ears. The mission, once 8_______（schedule） earlier, is now set for launch in 2026. NASA stressed safety as its priority and promised 9 ________ （improve） future heat shields, though such changes will not apply 10_________ the current spacecraft. 7.B 解析：“隔热罩早于 Artemis I 安装”，故 “更换几乎不可能”，B 正确。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $