专题十 主从复合句 讲义-2026年北京中考英语一轮复习

专题十 主从复合句 考点讲练 考点1 状语从句与从属连词 一、状语从句的定义及位置 在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。根据其表达的意思可分为时间、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较等类型。状语从句的引导词为从属连词。 例：What do you want to dowhen you grow up? 主句 when引导的时间状语从句 Since everyone is here, let's begin. since引导的原因状语从句 主句 二、从属连词 从属连词主要用于引导状语从句，可位于句首或句中。 分类 从属连词及其含义 例句 引导时间状语从句 when “当……的时候” When I got home, my sister was doing her homework. while “当……的时候” While he was washing the car, Jenny was cooking dinner. as “随着；当……时” As time goes by, he is getting stronger and stronger. before/after “在……之前/之后” Do it before you forget. since “自……以来”（since引导的从句用一般过去时） I have worked in this school since I graduated from Peking University. until/till “直到……为止” I'll wait for you until/till you come to see me. not...until/till“直到……才……” I didn't go to bed until/till I finished my homework. as soon as “一……就……” I'll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing. 引导条件状语从句 if “如果” I'll visit the Great Wall if it doesn't rain tomorrow. unless（=if...not） “如果不；除非” Unless he says sorry to me, I won't talk to him. =If he doesn't say sorry to me, I won't talk to him. as/so long as “只要” We'll go as long as the weather is good. 引导原因状语从句 because “因为”（语气强，可以回答why开头的问题） I was late because I missed the school bus. since “因为；既然”（表示已知的理由） Since everyone is here, let's begin. as “因为；由于”（语气较弱） As I had a sore throat, I kept silent in class. 引导目的状语从句 so that “以便”（不用于句首） He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus. in order that “为了” He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. 引导结果状语从句 so...that（so修饰形容词/副词）“如此……以至于” She is so lovely that we all love her. such...that（such修饰名词）“如此……以至于” She is such a lovely girl that we all love her. 引导让步状语从句 though/although/even though/while “尽管；虽然” Although/Though Mike didn't win the race, he was still wearing a smile on his face. 引导方式状语从句 as “照……方式；正如” They did as I had asked. as if/as though “好像” They talked as though they had been friends for years. 拓展 主将从现 在含if、when、unless、as soon as、until、till等引导的状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表将来。 例：I will call you as soon as I get home. What are you going to be when you grow up? If you keep working hard, you will succeed some day. 考点2 宾语从句 一、宾语从句的定义及位置 在句中作宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句多位于及物动词（接宾语或双宾语）或介词之后。 例：I wonder whether they will have the races again next year. whether引导的宾语从句作wonder的宾语 He told me what he did yesterday afternoon. what引导的宾语从句作told的宾语（told sb.sth.双宾语结构） She is thinking about what she will do after graduation. what引导的宾语从句作about的宾语 二、宾语从句的连接词 连接词 连接词的作用 例句 that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，在口语中可省略 He said （that） he was good at swimming. if/whether（是否） 不作成分，但不能省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 连接代词：what（什么）、which（哪一个/些）、who（谁）、whose（谁的）、whom（谁） 在从句中作主语、宾语或定语 I don't know what they are going to do. 连接副词：when（表时间）、where（表地点）、why（表原因）、how（表方式） 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where they live? Do you know how they found the place? 三、宾语从句的时态 1.如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。（主现从不限） 例： I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he will leave for New York tomorrow. 2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。（主过从也过） 例： He told me that he would take part in the competition. He said he was at home at that time. 3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是一般过去时，从句也用一般现在时。 例： He told me that the earth goes round the sun.（真理永一现） 四、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。把两个独立的句子变成一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照“先主语，后谓语”的顺序。 句1：When will they visit the museum? 句2：Do you know it? 合并后：Do you know when they will visit the museum? 更多例句：I wonder where he lives. I don't know whether/if he is right. Can you tell me where the library is? 考点3 定语从句 一、定语从句的定义及位置 在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句（亦称“关系从句”）。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。其结构如下所示： ①The boys who are playing football are from Class One. （画横线的内容为主句） who引导的定语从句修饰先行词The boys，意为“正在踢足球的男孩 ②I like music that I can dance to. （画横线的内容为主句） that引导的定语从句修饰先行词music，意为“我能跟随起舞的音乐 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词（that、which、who、whom等）和关系副词（when、where、why）。初中阶段主要掌握由关系代词that、who、which引导的定语从句。关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略。 关系词 用法 示例 that（在从句中作主语或宾语） 指人 Who is the man that is sitting over there?（that作从句主语）正在那边坐着的那个人是谁? The girl （that） we saw yesterday was Tom's sister.（that在从句中作宾语，可省略）我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的姐姐。 指物 I like the apples that are grown in my hometown.（that作从句主语）我喜欢我家乡种植的苹果。 You can choose anything （that） you like.（that在从句中作宾语，可省略）你可以选择任何你喜欢的东西。 which（在从句中作主语或宾语） 指物 I love the books which were written by Lu Xun.（which作从句主语）我喜欢鲁迅写的书。 The story （which） he told was very popular.（which在从句中作宾语，可省略）他讲的那个故事很受欢迎。 who（在从句中作主语或宾语）,whom（在从句中作宾语）, whose（在从句中作定语） 指人 I love the singers who sing words clearly.（who作从句主语）我喜欢那些唱歌吐字清晰的歌手。 He's the man whose opinion I respect.（whose在从句中作定语，修饰名词opinion）他是那个我尊重其意见的人。 拓展关系 代词指物时，只能用that，不能用which的几种情况 1.先行词为不定代词all、any、few、little、much、nothing、everything、something、anything等或被其修饰时。 2.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 3.先行词被the one、the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时。 4.当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 单选练习（宾语从句） 1．—Linda, do you know _ _ _ _ for the school trip this term? —Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum. A. where we are going B. where we went C. where are we going D. where did we go 2．—Tim, do you know _ _ _ _ the art festival? —Sure!Next Friday. A. when did we hold B. when we held C. when will we hold D. when we will hold 3．—Lily, can you tell me _ _ _ _ during the Dragon Boat Festival this year? —Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race. A. what you will do B. what you did C. what will you do D. what did you do 4．—Do you know _ _ _ _ the new national park? —Yes, I do. To protect wildlife and benefit the local people. A. why did China set up B. why China set up C. when did China set up D. when China set up 5．—Could you please tell me _ _ _ _ ? —Next Thursday morning. A. when we visited the Capital Museum B. when did we visit the Capital Museum C. when we will visit the Capital Museum D. when will we visit the Capital Museum 6．—Eric, do you know _ _ _ _ next term? —I am not sure. I guess it may be a new energy company. A. where we went for the field trip B. where did we go for the field trip C. where will we go for the field trip D. where we will go for the field trip 7．—Do you know _ _ _ _ ? —Not exactly. Maybe he wanted to do something more challenging. A. why he didn't take the job B. why won't he take the job C. when didn't he take the job D. when he won't take the job 8．—Mary, can you tell me _ _ _ _ drawing classes last winter holiday? —Sure! To improve my drawing skills. A. why do you take B. why you take C. why did you take D. why you took 9．—Could you tell me _ _ _ _ the Nanyuan Forest and Wetland Park? —You can take the bus No. 957. A. how I can get to B. how can I get to C. when I can get to D. when can I get to 10．—Do you remember _ _ _ _ in last year's school sports meet? —Five. We got two more this year. A. how many medals our class won B. how many medals did our class win C. how many medals our class wins D. how many medals does our class win 语境突破练 一、在空格中填入恰当的从句引导词 1．—Do you want to know _ _ _ _ our friendship started? —By travelling! 2．—Excuse me, could you please tell me _ _ _ _ the band begins playing this afternoon? —At three o'clock. 3．For more than 2,000 years, doctors recorded _ _ _ _ they found in books. These ancient books are still useful today. 4．They couldn't understand _ _ _ _ I wanted to live somewhere that was so cold and far from home. But I simply said, “I love it.” 5．At first, things didn't go well _ _ _ _ _ _ she couldn't speak French. 6．Lance was so excited _ _ _ _ he got everything ready when Nathan got home. 7．_ _ _ _ we have myopia（近视）, we can't see the things far away from us. 8．These tests can't measure（衡量） all the things _ _ _ _ make you wonderful and special. Your results from these tests will not tell you everything. 9．A kid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ doesn't stand straight may feel unhappy or just feel a bit down. 10．As the name suggests, Soapen is a pen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is made out of soap. 二、根据短文内容，从方框中选择合适的词并用其正确形式填空 where, how, which, what, if, when, that It's Cassie's first time to visit the National Museum of China. She wondered whether she could see all the things in just one day. 1. she got in, she asked at the information desk 2. there was a quickest route for the tour. The lady behind the desk asked Cassie 3. she was interested in the most. Cassie said 4. she loved Chinese painting. So the lady showed her 5. venue（场馆） she should go first. During her tour, Cassie saw a lot of people carrying a kind of headphones explaining the paintings. She asked one woman 6. she could find these headphones. With the woman's help, Cassie rented one and learned 7. she could use it. She had quite a meaningful day. 答案 单选练习（宾语从句） 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．A 语境突破练 一、在空格中填入恰当的从句引导词 1．how 2．when 3．what 4．why 5．because 6．that 7．If 8．that 9．who/that 10．which/that 二、根据短文内容，从方框中选择合适的词并用其正确形式填空 1．When 2．if 3．what 4．that 5．which 6．where 7．how 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $