Unit 1 1 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦求助信与建议信的阅读理解核心知识点，系统梳理词汇（如fault, resolve）、短语（如in a mess, let down）及句型（why引导表语从句、what引导名词性从句等），通过词汇匹配、阅读结构分析、细节理解等学习支架，帮助学生从基础认知逐步过渡到深层文本解读。 该资料特色在于分层设计与素养融合，语言能力上通过词汇分层（高频、中频、低频）及句型训练提升语言理解与表达，思维品质上借助开放性问题（如“如何处理类似人际矛盾”）培养问题解决能力，学习能力上高频词汇配背诵点（如应用文写作、读后续写素材）辅助课中教学与课后查漏，助力学生高效掌握知识。

Period 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 　《教材助读＋语基默写》见分册本 1．steam　　 A．a plan that is intended to achieve a particular purpose 2．loose B．the responsibility for sth. wrong that has happened or been done 3．lip C．the hot gas that water changes into when it boils 4．sink D．to find an acceptable solution to a problem or difficulty 5．fault E．free to move around without control； not tied up or shut in somewhere 6．resolve F．an amount of air that enters the lungs at one time 7．strategy G．either of the two soft edges at the opening to the mouth 8．signal H．a feeling of worry, especially one that is shared by many people 9．breath I．to damage a boat or ship so that it goes below the surface of the sea, etc. 10．concern J．a movement or sound that you make to give sb. information, instructions, a warning, etc. 答案：1～5.CEGIB　6～10.DAJFH Activity 1　Reading for Genre and Structure 1．Genre：________ A．Request Letter and Advice Letter (求助信和建议信). B．Prose (散文). C．Autobiography (自传). 答案：A 2．Structure and Clues： 答案：(1)disappointed　(2)let down　(3)letting off steam　(4)awkward　(5)ashamed　(6)Apologise　(7)angry Activity 2　Reading for Main Idea What does the passage mainly talk about? It mainly talks about Ben's relationship problems and Agony Aunt's suggestions． Activity 3　Reading for Details 1．Read Letter 1 and answer the following questions. (1)What kind of problems does Ben have? A．Bad performance in a subject. B．Pressure to look good. C．Disappointed with his teammate and angry with his best friend. D．Not get along well with roommates. 答案：C (2)Why was Ben so mad when they lost the match? Because he's crazy about basketball and pretty good at it. (3)Who is to blame for losing the match in Ben's opinion? Their point guard. (4)Why can't Ben concentrate on anything? Because he feels embarrassed and ashamed. 2．Read Letter 2 and answer the following questions. (1)What's the purpose of Agony Aunt's reply? A．To discuss the value of true friendships. B.To stress the importance of communication skills. C.To provide guidance on how to make an apology. D.To help students realise and resolve their problems. 答案：D (2)Who is the “loose lips” that Agony Aunt thinks? A．An old American. B．Ben himself. C．Ben's best friend. D．Unfamiliar people. 答案：C (3)Why does Agony Aunt say it's partly Ben's fault? A．Because Ben was making steam then. B．Because Ben was losing his temper. C．Because Ben thought before he spoke. D．Because Ben hurt his best friend. 答案：B (4)Which example shows the saying “Loose lips sink ships.”？ A．An old man often helps those in trouble. B．What you say may cause a terrible result. C.People admire Tom for his brave behaviour. D．A young man talks to others in a polite manner. 答案：B Ben is in an awkward situation and he turns 1.to Agony Aunt for help.Ben said that he became very angry because his school basketball team lost their last match.He thought that their point guard should be responsible for it.Then Ben told that to his best friend, 2.who, however, told everyone else what he had said.He is in 3.a total mess now, hoping Agony Aunt can help him out. So Agony Aunt gives Ben some advice.She says that one of the 4.strategies(strategy) is clear communication.Firstly, it is a good idea to apologise to his teammate.If they want to win any more basketball games, they need to work together, which 5.means(mean) communicating with each other clearly and 6.resolving(resolve) conflicts.Then, he should talk to his friend.Tell his friend that he is angry with him for repeating what he said and making the situation worse, but that he wants to move on.7.Approached(approach) in that way, their friendship will soon be repaired.Thirdly, and perhaps most 8.importantly(important), Ben should think about 9.his(he) own behaviour and not say too much when he becomes 10.angry(anger). 1．If you have a similar situation as Ben, who would you turn to for help? ______________________________________________________________ 2．If Ben turns to you for help, what advice would you give to him? ______________________________________________________________ 答案：Open answers. Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记 选出与单词对应的汉语释义 1．agony n.　　　　　　　　 A．蒸汽，水蒸气 2．steam n. B．(嘴)唇 3．lip n. C．痛楚，苦难 答案：1～3.CAB Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．a loose button　　　　　　 一颗松动的纽扣 2．sink like a stone 像石头一样下沉 3．be blind to his faults 对他的缺点视而不见 4．economic strategy 经济策略 5．digital TV signal 数字电视信号 Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．resolve v．解决(问题、困难)→resolution n．(冲突、问题等的)解决 2．breath n．一口气→breathe vi.呼吸→breathless adj.喘不过气来的 3．concern n．忧虑，担心 v．(使)担忧；涉及，关系到→concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的；(与某事)有关的→concerning prep.关于，有关，涉及 Ⅳ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．I'm not sure if my plan to visit the museum will fit in with(与……一致) your schedule. 2．My father will get cross with me if I leave the kitchen in a mess(乱七八糟) after cooking. 3．He didn't help me out(帮我一把), but said something that let me down(使我失望), which worsened my already difficult situation. 4．When facing difficulties, we should learn to properly let off steam(宣泄情绪) in order to maintain our mental health and keep a positive mindset. 5．I was angry with(生气) myself for forgetting to bring my umbrella and getting wet in the rain. 6．Whenever you come, wherever you go, you are sure to(一定会) see some unforgettable attractions in my hometown. 7．I think you should apologise to(向……道歉) your brother for being rude to him earlier, because your words hurt him deeply. 8．It is no use regretting not having studied harder. Cheer up and move on(继续前进).As the saying goes, “Better late than never.” 9．Before stepping onto the stage, you'd better take a deep breath(深呼吸) to relax yourself and calm yourself down. 10．The first duty of a good citizen is that he shall be able and willing to pull his weight(做好分内事) in contributing to the well­being of society. Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现 A.根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．why引导表语从句 I'm crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, which is probably why I was so mad(我很生气的原因) when we lost our last match.(Letter 1 Para.2) [分析]　此句中还含有which引导的非限制性定语从句和when引导的时间状语从句。 2．what引导名词性从句 (1)I was just letting off steam really, because I was so angry, but then my friend went and told everyone else what I'd said(我说的话).(Letter 1 Para.2) [分析]　此句中还含有because引导的原因状语从句。 (2)Here's what you need to do(你需要做的).(Letter 2　Para.4) [分析]　副词here位于句首，句子要用完全倒装。 3．形容词(短语)作状语 Embarrassed and ashamed(既尴尬又羞愧), I can't concentrate on anything.(Letter 1 Para.4) 4．“特殊疑问词＋­ever”引导名词性从句 Filled with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind(想到什么就说什么).(Letter 2 Para.6) B.根据汉语提示并使用以上句式结构完成下面的小短文 Good interpersonal relationships are crucial and they can bring happiness and support. That's 1.why we should keep harmonious relationship with others around us(我们应该与周围的人保持和谐的关系的原因). 2.What we need to do(我们需要做的是) is be kind and understanding. 3.Whoever we meet(无论我们遇到谁), being friendly is important. 4.Happy and easy­going(快乐且随和), you can make more good friends and live a happy life. 【层级一　高频词汇诠释】 in a mess　乱七八糟；陷入困境；混乱，杂乱 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ①(教材P2)I'm in a total mess here—hope you can help me out! 我现在完全是一团糟，希望您能帮帮我！ ②(经典例句)My room is in an awful mess after the party, so I need to clean it up soon. 派对后我的房间乱得一团糟，所以我得赶紧打扫一下。 (1)mess n.　　　　　　 困境；混乱；杂乱；不整洁 v. 使不整洁；弄脏；弄乱 mess up 搞砸；弄脏；弄乱；干扰 (2)messy adj. 肮脏的，凌乱的；混乱的 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Jackie came up on the stage, but his clothes were wrinkled (有皱褶的) and his hair looked messy(mess). 背诵点 读后续写之肖像描写 (2)It took me ages to get the clock right—I don't want anyone to mess it up again and ruin my precision (精密) work. (3)那个调皮的男孩把房子弄得一团糟，留下了满地的玩具，沙发上的书堆成一堆。 The naughty boy left the house in an awful mess, leaving toys scattered all over the floor and books piled up on the couch. 背诵点 读后续写之场景描写 help out　帮一把；帮助(某人)克服困难 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ①(人教选必四U5)We are building a team of keen young people to help us attend to hundreds of students from all over the world. You will be required to supervise and/or help out in a variety of tasks 1 and recreational activities 2. 我们正在组建一支充满热情的年轻人团队，帮助我们照顾来自世界各地的数百名学生。你的职责是监督和/或帮助完成各种任务1和娱乐活动2。 ②(译林必修一U1)Senior high school will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential. 高中会帮助你们学习和成长，但为发挥你们的巨大潜力负责的只有你们自己。 (1)help sb. (to) do sth.　　 帮助某人做某事 help sb.with sth. 在某方面帮助某人 (2)can't help doing sth.＝ can't help but do sth. 忍不住做某事 (3)help oneself to sth. 自取/自用某物 (4)with the help of... 在……的帮助下 be of great help 非常有帮助 单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 (1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)That encouragement helped me (to)__get(get) through the language barrier. (2)I am writing to show my appreciation for what you have done to help me with my English studies. 背诵点 应用文写作之感谢信 (3)It was you who helped me out(帮我摆脱困境). Without your help, I couldn't have managed it so easily. 背诵点 应用文写作之感谢信 (4)In my opinion, when in trouble we'd better ask our teachers, parents, friends or classmates for help, which is of great help(非常有帮助) to solve the problems. 背诵点 应用文写作之建议信 (5)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)直到现在，每次我回想起这次经历，我都会忍不住想，如果世界上多一些信任和诚实，我们的世界将会多么美好。 Till now, every time I recall this experience, I can't help wondering/can't help but wonder if there is more trust and honesty in the world, how charming our world will be. 背诵点 读后续写之主旨升华 let down　使失望，辜负；把……放下来 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ①(教材P2)We played well, but I felt the team were let down by one member, our point guard. 我们打得很好，但我认为有一个队员让队友们很失望——我们的控球后卫。 ②(北师大必修一U2)“Let me try, coach! I won't let you down！” Paul said. “让我试试，教练！我不会让你失望的！”保罗说。 let out　　　　　 释放；放走；发出(叫喊声等)； 泄露(消息、秘密等) let alone 更不用说 let...alone 不碰；不打扰 let in 允许进入；让……进来 let off 使爆炸；释放；宽恕 let go 释放；放开，松手 let go of 松开，放开；放弃，舍弃 用let的相关短语填空/完成句子 (1)Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. 背诵点 读后续写之动作描写 (2)The glassdoors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day. (3)(译林必修一U3)When I found out that I was tricked by him, I was really hurt and let go of our friendship. (4)On the first day of the New Year, I let off firecrackers with my younger sisters and brothers in my hometown. 背诵点 应用文写作之传统节日 (5)我写信是为了向你道歉，因为我在比赛中的糟糕表现让你失望了。 I am writing to make an apology to you for I let you down because of my bad performance in the match． 背诵点 应用文写作之道歉信 【层级二　中频词汇积累】 sink 　v.(sank; sunk)使(船)沉没；下沉；坐下 sink in/into　　　　　　　 陷入；坐到……上 sink to the ground 倒在地上 sink to the bottom of... 沉入……底 [微练]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)(译林选必三U3)Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank(sink)：in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. (2)He found something valuable in a sunk(sink) boat, which surprised him greatly. (3)Tony was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness and sank in/into hopelessness(陷入了绝望之中). 背诵点 读后续写之心理描写 fault　n.责任，过错；缺点 (1)find fault with...　　 挑……的毛病， 对……吹毛求疵 at fault 有责任，有过错 be one's fault 是某人的过错 (2)faulty adj. 不完美的；(有)错误的 [微练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)I can't find fault with the new restaurant: the food is good and the service is excellent. (2)I'm deeply sorry to admit that I'm at fault for failing to attend the important meeting. 背诵点 应用文写作之道歉信 (3)我们没赶上火车是我的错。我作为班长，忘了查看发车时间。 It was my fault that we missed the train． I, as a monitor, forgot to check the departure time of the train. signal　n.信号，暗号　v．发信号(通知)； 标志着；表明；示意 (1)give out/send a signal　　 发出信号 pick up/receive a signal 接收信号 a warning signal 警告信号 (2)signal (to) sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事 signal (to sb.) that... (向某人)示意…… [微练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(译林必修三U2)She signalled to her students to exit(exit) the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. (2)The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, signalling(signal) the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. 背诵点 应用文写作之传统节日 (3)铃声响起，标志着放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。 The bell rang and signalled that school was over, and all the students rose to their feet, seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows. 背诵点 读后续写之动作描写 【层级三　低频词汇拾遗】 loose 　adj.说话随便(轻率)的；零散的；控制不严的 ①(2024·浙江卷1月)If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. 如果你的超市卖的是散装的产品，那么买少量的就更容易了。 ②(2023·全国甲卷)Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de­list grizzlies，which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单中删除，以放松法律保护并允许灰熊被猎杀。 resolve　v.解决(问题、困难)　n．决心 ①(译林选必四U4)Indeed, you may one day do jobs that do not yet exist, use technologies that are not yet developed and resolve problems that are not yet problems! 的确，可能有一天你会从事目前还不存在的工作，使用尚未开发的技术，解决尚未出现的问题！ ②(经典例句)Given sufficient good will on both sides, there's no reason why this dispute cannot be resolved. 考虑到双方都有充分的善意，没有理由不能解决这个争端。 strategy　n.计谋，策略；行动计划 ①(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及你应该避免的他们曾经遇到的那些陷阱。 ②(2023·浙江卷1月)One of the easiest low­impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators. 最简单的低影响太阳能策略之一是为传粉昆虫提供栖息地。 “特殊疑问词＋­ever”引导名词性从句 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ①(教材P4)Filled with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. 怒气冲冲的时候，你往往会想到什么就说什么。 ②(译林选必四U1)Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, however difficult that might be. 无论你打算做什么，无论多么困难，都要尽你最大的努力。 ③(北师大必修二U4)Whenever someone needs help, friends from all over the world can immediately provide useful suggestions or information.　无论何时有人需要帮助，来自世界各地的朋友可以立即提供有用的建议或信息。 (1)whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever引导名词性从句时，可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等成分，此时不与“no matter ＋特殊疑问词”互换； (2)whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever引导让步状语从句时，可与no matter what/who/which/whom互换。而however/wherever/whenever一般不引导名词性从句。 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I've matured a lot since then. I've come to accept that whatever goals I set for myself, they just have to be my own. (2)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. (3)Across the globe, cultural heritage is passed down through generations and wherever we go, we are surrounded by history. (4)(2022·全国乙卷满分作文)无论我们选择什么方法，是我们内在的兴趣和热情让我们在英语上取得辉煌的进步。 Whatever method we choose，it is our inner interest and enthusiasm that allow us to make brilliant progress in English. Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．come to one's mind　　　　 出现在某人的脑海里 2．be crazy about 着迷于；热衷于 3．most importantly 最重要的是 4．concentrate on... 集中注意力于…… 5．raise one's concerns with sb. 向某人提出自己的担忧 6．have a chat with sb. 与某人聊天 7．turn to sb. for help 向某人寻求帮助 8．tend to do sth. 往往会做某事 9．point guard (球队进攻的)控球后卫 10．calm down (使)平静下来 11．loose lips sink ships 祸从口出 12．work out (问题)解决；算出；制定(出) Ⅱ.品句填词 1．Unfortunately, the strong wind and wave sank(使沉没) the boat to the bottom of the sea. 2．Be grateful to those who have criticized you, as they reminded you of your faults(错误). 3．If you aim to resolve(解决) conflicts at work, and encourage others to do the same, you must begin by listening to the opposing points of view. 4．A warning signal(信号) suddenly appeared on my computer screen, indicating the computer was being attacked by a certain virus. 5．If necessary, keep your loose(控制不严的) mouth silent and earn more respect in daily communication. 6．There is growing concern(担心) about the planet due to more and more extreme weather conditions, which are being linked to climate change. Ⅲ.词块运用 1．In my opinion, parents and children should communicate with(与……沟通) each other and show respect for each other. 2．Believe in me! I won't let you down(让……失望) in the work, for I am well prepared. 3．We are getting so busy with different tasks that we need someone to help out(帮一把). 4．Your living room is in a mess(一团糟); I wonder why you can't get everything in place. 5．Regular exercise helps to cope with stress and is a good way of relaxing or letting off steam(宣泄情绪). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $