话题13 历史-2026年中考英语中考一轮话题复习（通用版）

2026年中考英语中考一轮话题复习 话题13 历史 考纲解读 2026中考英语“历史”话题考纲核心：立足核心素养，聚焦中外历史事件、人物、文化遗产、文明交流，覆盖听说读写，强调历史语境中的语言应用与文化表达。以下为精准研读与备考要点。 一、考纲核心定位 （1）主题归属：人与社会（中外历史事件、文明交流、文化遗产、历史人物）；人与自我（历史学习经历、历史感悟）。 （2）核心素养：语言能力（历史词汇、句型、语用）；文化意识（用英语讲中国历史，跨文化对比）；思维品质（观点阐述、因果分析、评价反思）；学习能力（信息整合、自主积累）。 （3）能力要求：识别/描述历史事件、人物、时间、地点；阐述历史意义与影响；比较中外历史异同；结合历史谈启示/建议。 二、考点分布与命题趋势 考点分布: （1）听说：短对话（历史活动安排）、长对话（讨论历史景点/书籍）、独白（历史事件介绍/参观邀请）；口语可能考“介绍一个历史人物”或“分享一次历史参观体验”。 （2）阅读：应用文（历史博物馆通知、参观指南）；记叙文（历史人物故事、考古发现经历）；说明文（历史事件介绍、文化遗产保护）；多模态文本（图文匹配、时间轴/地图解读）。 （3）完形/语法填空：高频语境（历史故事、文化遗产保护、历史活动）；核心语法（时态、从句、非谓语、固定搭配）。 （4）书面表达：常考体裁（书信、通知、记叙文、议论文）；高频角度（介绍历史事件/人物、分享历史学习经历、邀请参观历史遗迹、为文化遗产保护提建议）。 命题趋势： 历史与文化融合（如丝绸之路、大运河、世界文化遗产）；周年热点具象化（如长征胜利90周年、中共成立105周年）；任务真实化（从“记知识”到“用知识”，如写参观报告、历史主题倡议）。 三、核心知识清单 必备词汇 （1）历史事件：Silk Road、the Long March、the Opium War、the Industrial Revolution、World War Ⅱ （2）历史人物：Confucius、Zheng He、Marco Polo、Albert Einstein、Mao Zedong （3）文化遗产：cultural relics、world heritage site、historical monument、ancient ruins、mural （4）历史动作/描述：discover、explore、found、establish、defeat、unite、inspire、significant、influential、historic。 常用句型 （1）介绍事件：...took place in... It was a significant event because...；...marked the beginning/end of... （2）描述人物：...was a famous... who... He/She made great contributions to... （3）阐述意义：The event had a profound impact on...；It taught us that... （4）比较异同：Compared with..., ...was different/similar in...；Both...and...played an important role in...。 四、备考策略 （1）词汇与句型：按子话题（中国古代史/近现代史、世界史、文化遗产）整理词表；积累不同体裁常用句型，在语境中记忆与仿写。 （2）听说训练：每日15分钟真题；听前划关键词，听中抓时间、地点、人物、事件；口语准备“30秒/60秒”微话题素材，注意流畅度与语调。 （3）阅读突破：每日1篇限时练；应用文抓关键信息；记叙文梳理情节与情感；说明文抓说明对象与特征；多模态文本先图后文、图文/时间轴对应。 （4）写作提升：分体裁练结构（书信：称呼-正文-结尾-署名；通知：标题-正文-落款）；每周1篇主题写作，从“点（词汇）-线（句型）-面（篇章）”升级；积累中国历史素材，能阐释历史文化内涵。 （5）文化渗透：结合教材单元（如九年级Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth、Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7）拓展历史话题；对比中外历史异同，提升跨文化表达能力。 五、教学与备考建议 （1）课堂设计：开展“历史角”活动（介绍/辩论/策划）；用多模态资源（视频、图片、音频、时间轴）创设情境；结合写作任务，实现“输入-内化-输出”闭环。 （2）复习规划：一轮（基础）：梳理词汇、句型，夯实语言基础；二轮（专项）：分题型训练，总结解题技巧；三轮（模拟）：做真题/模拟题，查漏补缺，提升综合能力。 （3）易错提醒：避免历史专有名词拼写错误；注意时态（过去时、完成时）、主谓一致；书面表达要结构清晰、内容完整、语言流畅，体现历史认知与文化自信。 语篇研读 基础知识运用 一、语法选择 The story of Mulan is one of 1 most famous stories in China. It tells us about a young girl 2 took her father’s place in the army. Her father was old and sick, so Mulan decided 3 for him. She cut her hair short and dressed 4 a man. Nobody knew she was a girl. During her time in the army, Mulan trained very hard. She learned 5 to use weapons and ride horses. Soon she became one of 6 best soldiers. She fought bravely in many battles and won respect from her comrades. After the war, the emperor wanted to give Mulan a high position, but she refused. She only asked for a horse 7 return home. When she put on her old dress, her army friends were very surprised. They 8 believe that their brave soldier was actually a woman. Mulan’s story 9 people for centuries. It teaches us about courage, love and responsibility. I think everyone should learn from Mulan. If you 10 her story, you will understand why she is such an important figure in Chinese culture. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．which B．who C．whose 3．A．fight B．to fight C．fighting 4．A．as B．like C．for 5．A．what B．how C．why 6．A．a B．an C．the 7．A．to B．for C．with 8．A．can’t B．couldn’t C．wouldn’t 9．A．inspires B．inspired C．has inspired 10．A．read B．reads C．will read 二、完形填空 On September 3, 2025, China held a big military parade (阅兵) in Tian’anmen Square. It was to mark the 80th anniversary of winning the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. This event had great 11 for all Chinese people. The parade had two main parts and 12 about 70 minutes. There were 45 teams in total, like air flag teams, foot teams and equipment (装备) teams. All the weapons (武器) shown were made in China, and many new kinds appeared for the 13 time. This parade was very meaningful. First, it helped people 14 history and respected the heroes who died for our country. Second, it showed how modern our military (军队) was and its ability to keep our country 15 . Third, it told the world China kept the post-war order (战后秩序) and supported global (全球的) 16 all the time. During the parade, people from different fields were invited, including some from Taiwan. This told us the war victory came from the 17 of the whole Chinese nation. Also, the parade showed China’s promise to build a better world for everyone. As teenagers, we should learn from history, study hard to improve our 18 and help our country develop. We must cherish peace and take action to 19 it. The Chinese military is strong, but it will never use force to 20 other countries—it only wants to protect our country and people. 11．A．importance B．fun C．trouble D．time 12．A．used B．lasted C．saved D．missed 13．A．first B．second C．third D．fourth 14．A．forget B．hide C．remember D．change 15．A．safe B．big C．small D．new 16．A．fights B．peace C．hunger D．pollution 17．A．unity B．work C．play D．study 18．A．abilities B．hobbies C．fears D．laziness 19．A．break B．protect C．ignore D．question 20．A．help B．hurt C．visit D．thank 三、阅读理解 The Terracotta Army is one of the most famous wonders in the world. It is a collection of life-size clay sculptures (真人大小的泥塑) in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province. The sculptures represent the armies of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. The Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 by some farmers when they were digging a well. After that, archaeologists (考古学家) began to excavate (挖掘) the site. So far, three pits (坑) have been discovered, which contain thousands of terracotta warriors (兵马俑), horses and chariots (战车). The terracotta warriors are of different sizes, shapes and facial expressions. Each warrior has a unique (独特的) look, which shows the high level of artistry of the ancient Chinese. The horses are also very realistic, with detailed features and muscles. The Terracotta Army is not only a great wonder of art but also an important historical relic (遗迹). It provides valuable information about the military (军事的), culture and art of the Qin Dynasty. 21．Where is the Terracotta Army? A．In Beijing. B．In Shandong Province. C．In Xi’an. D．In Henan Province. 22．When was the Terracotta Army discovered? A．In 1970. B．In 1974. C．In 1978. D．In 1984. 23．How many pits have been discovered so far? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 24．What can we learn from the terracotta warriors? A．The high level of artistry of the ancient Chinese. B．The military, culture and art of the Han Dynasty. C．The way of life of the ancient people. D．The language of the ancient Chinese. 25．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of the Qin Dynasty. B．The discovery of the Terracotta Army. C．The introduction of the Terracotta Army. D．The artistry of the terracotta warriors. 四、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 confident, boat, task, which, fill, show, nervous, make, from, smart In the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang, who was a wise advisor, received a hard 26 from his rival Zhou Yu: make 100,000 arrows in ten days. Zhuge Liang smiled 27 and agreed. Instead of 28 arrows, he used his creativity. One foggy morning, he sent 20 29 covered with straw men toward the enemy camp. The thick fog, which hid the boats, made Cao Cao’s soldiers 30 . Thinking the straw men were real soldiers, they started shooting arrows wildly. Their arrows sticking into the straw. By sunrise, the boats were 31 with arrows. When Zhou Yu asked how he did it, Zhuge Liang explained that he had “borrowed” arrows 32 the enemy. Zhou Yu, finally understanding the trick, said, “You’re much 33 than I am!” This story 34 how clever ideas can solve big problems. Zhuge Liang’s plan, using fog and straw, saved time and lives. The arrows 35 were collected without fighting became famous in history. By thinking differently, Zhuge Liang proved that sometimes the best solutions are unexpected. 基础知识运用参考答案 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了花木兰的故事。 1．句意：木兰的故事是中国最著名的故事之一。 a一个，用在以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用在以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指。根据“one of...most famous stories”可知，此处是“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，表示“最……之一”，所以用定冠词the。故选C。 2．句意：它讲述了一个年轻的女孩代替她的父亲参军的故事。 which哪一个，指物；who谁，指人；whose谁的。根据“a young girl...took her father’s place in the army”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词“a young girl”指人，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用who引导定语从句。故选B。 3．句意：她的父亲又老又病，所以木兰决定替他参军。 fight打架，战斗；to fight动词不定式；fighting动名词/现在分词。根据“decided...for him”可知，此处是decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，固定短语，所以用动词不定式to fight。故选B。 4．句意：她剪短了头发，打扮成个男人。 as作为；like像；for为了。根据“dressed...a man”可知，此处用dress as“打扮成”，形容她打扮成为一个男人，而like是“像”的意思，不如as更贴切。故选A。 5．句意：她学会了如何使用武器和骑马。 what什么；how如何；why为什么。根据“learned...to use weapons”可知，此处是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，表示“学会了如何使用武器”，所以用how。故选B。 6．句意：很快她就成了最好的士兵之一。 a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用在以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用在以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指。根据“one of...best soldiers”可知，此处是“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，表示“最……之一”，所以用定冠词the。故选C。 7．句意：她只要求一匹马回家。 to到；for为了；with和。根据“asked for a horse...return home”可知，此处需用“不定式to+动词原形”的结构表目的。故选A。 8．句意：他们不敢相信他们勇敢的士兵竟然是一个女人。 can’t不能，一般现在时；couldn’t不能，一般过去时；wouldn’t不会。根据“When she put on her old dress, her army friends were very surprised.”可知，此处是描述过去的事情，时态是一般过去时，所以用couldn’t。故选B。 9．句意：木兰的故事激励了人们几个世纪。 inspires激励，一般现在时；inspired激励，一般过去时；has inspired已经激励，现在完成时。根据“for centuries”可知，此处是“for+一段时间”，表示动作持续了几个世纪，时态是现在完成时，结构是“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语是“Mulan’s story”，助动词用has。故选C。 10．句意：如果你读她的故事，你就会明白为什么她在中国文化中是一个如此重要的人物。 read读，一般现在时；reads读，一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数；will read将会读，一般将来时。根据“If you...her story, you will understand...”可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语是you，谓语动词用原形。故选A。 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 16．B 17．A 18．A 19．B 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2025年9月3日中国纪念抗战胜利80周年阅兵式的背景、流程和三大意义，强调民族团结的重要性，呼吁青少年铭记历史、珍惜和平、努力报国。 11．句意：这件事对所有中国人民都具有重大意义。 importance意义重要性；fun乐趣；trouble麻烦；time时间。根据“mark the 80th anniversary of winning the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression”可知，纪念抗战胜利的阅兵式具有重要意义，故选A。 12．句意：阅兵分为两个主要部分，持续了约70分钟。 used使用；lasted持续；saved节省；missed错过。根据“about 70 minutes”可知，此处指阅兵的持续时间，故选B。 13．句意：展示的所有武器都是中国制造的许多新型武器是首次亮相。 first第一；second第二；third第三；fourth第四。“for the first time”是固定短语，意为“首次，第一次”，符合新型武器首次展示的语境，故选A。 14．句意：首先它帮助人们铭记历史缅怀为国家牺牲的英雄们。 forget忘记；hide隐藏；remember铭记，记得；change改变。根据“respected the heroes who died for our country”可知，阅兵的意义之一是让人们铭记历史，故选C。 15．句意：第二，它展示了我们的军队多么现代化以及其保卫国家安全的能力。 safe安全的；big大的；small小的；new新的。根据“Second, it showed how modern our military (军队) was and its ability to keep our country…”可知，军队的核心职责是保护国家和人民的安全，“keep our country safe”表示保卫国家安全，符合语境，故选A。 16．句意：第三，它向世界表明中国一直维护战后秩序支持全球和平。 fights斗争；peace和平；hunger饥饿；pollution污染。根据“kept the post-war order”可知，中国的立场是支持全球和平，故选B。 17．句意：这告诉我们抗战胜利来自整个中华民族的团结。 unity团结；work工作；play玩耍；study学习。结合常识可知，抗战胜利的关键是民族团结，“the unity of the whole Chinese nation”表示整个中华民族的团结，符合语境，故选A。 18．句意：作为青少年，我们应该以史为鉴努力学习提升自己的能力帮助国家发展。 abilities能力；hobbies爱好；fears恐惧；laziness懒惰。根据“As teenagers, we should learn from history, study hard to improve our…and help our country develop.”可知，努力学习的目的是提升个人能力从而为国家发展做贡献，故选A。 19．句意：我们必须珍惜和平并采取行动保护它。 break打破；protect保护；ignore忽视；question质疑。根据“We must cherish peace and take action to…it.”可知，珍惜和平的同时要保护和平，故选B。 20．句意：中国军队很强大但绝不会使用武力伤害其他国家——它只想保护我们的国家和人民。 help帮助；hurt伤害；visit拜访；thank感谢。根据“it only wants to protect our country and people”可知，中国军队不会伤害其他国家，故选B。 21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．C 【导语】本文介绍了世界著名的兵马俑，包括其发现时间、地点、数量以及艺术和历史价值。 21．细节理解题。根据“It is a collection of life-size clay sculptures (真人大小的泥塑) in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province.”可知，兵马俑位于陕西省西安市。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据“The Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 by some farmers when they were digging a well.”可知，兵马俑于1974年被发现。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据“So far, three pits (坑) have been discovered, which contain thousands of terracotta warriors (兵马俑), horses and chariots (战车).”可知，目前已发现三个坑。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据“Each warrior has a unique (独特的) look, which shows the high level of artistry of the ancient Chinese.”和“It provides valuable information about the military (军事的), culture and art of the Qin Dynasty.”可知，我们可以从兵马俑中了解到中国古代艺术的高水平以及秦朝的军事、文化和艺术。故选A。 25．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了兵马俑的发现、位置、数量以及艺术和历史价值，是对兵马俑的全面介绍。故选C。 26．task 27．confidently 28．making 29．boats 30．nervous 31．filled 32．from 33．smarter 34．shows 35．which 【导语】本文主要讲述了草船借箭的故事。 26．句意：三国时期，聪明的谋士诸葛亮接受了对手周瑜的艰巨任务：在十天内造十万支箭。根据“make 100,000 arrows in ten days”并结合备选词汇可知，这是一项任务，task“任务”符合。故填task。 27．句意：诸葛亮自信地笑了笑，答应了。根据“and agreed”并结合备选词汇可知，诸葛亮有信心完成任务，应是自信地笑了笑，此处应用副词confidently“自信地”，修饰动词“smiled”。故填confidently。 28．句意：他没有制作箭，而是运用了自己的创造力。根据上文“make 100,000 arrows in ten days”以及下文草船借箭的故事可知，他没有制作箭，make“制作”，根据空前的介词短语“Instead of”可知，此处用动名词形式，作宾语。故填making。 29．句意：一个雾蒙蒙的早晨，他派了20艘满载稻草人的船只前往敌营。根据下文“The thick fog, which hid the boats”并结合备选词汇可知，此处指他派船只前往敌营，boat“船”，根据空前的“20”可知，此处用复数形式。故填boats。 30．句意：浓雾遮住了船只，让曹操的士兵们很紧张。根据下文“Thinking the straw men were real soldiers, they started shooting arrows wildly.”可知，他们以为稻草人是真正的士兵，就开始疯狂地射箭，所以应是感到紧张，nervous“紧张的”符合。故填nervous。 31．句意：日出时，船上满是箭。根据上文“they started shooting arrows wildly”并结合备选词汇可知，开始疯狂地射箭，船上应是满是箭，be filled with“充满”，是固定搭配。故填filled。 32．句意：当周瑜问他是怎么做到的时，诸葛亮解释说他是从敌人那里“借”箭的。borrow…from…“从……借……”，是固定搭配。故填from。 33．句意：你比我聪明多了！根据上文“Zhuge Liang explained that he had ‘borrowed’ arrows…the enemy”并结合备选词汇可知，诸葛亮解释草船借箭，周瑜应是认为他比自己聪明，根据空后的“than”可知，此处用比较级smarter。故填smarter。 34．句意：这个故事展示了聪明的想法是如何解决大问题的。根据“This story…how clever ideas can solve big problems.”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处表示这个故事展示出来的道理，show“展示”，句子时态为一般现在时，用三单形式。故填shows。 35．句意：这些箭是在没有战斗的情况下收集的，在历史上非常有名。分析句子结构可知，空处应用连词，引导定语从句，先行词为“The arrows”，which符合。故填which。 综合能力提升 一、语法选择 Once upon a time, there was a little boy called Meng Ke. His father died when he was just a baby, 1 he lived alone with his mother, Mengmu. Mengmu wanted him to study as 2 as possible. But little Meng Ke was a naughty boy. He followed the children to climb trees to catch birds, catch fish in the 3 and steal the melons in fields. She later thought that her son didn’t study hard because 4 the bad living environment. Then they moved to a house next to 5 market. People moved around the market, chatting and bargaining (讨价), while sellers shouted at the top of their voice, trying 6 customers. Meng Ke saw this and taught 7 by acting like a seller. Mengmu was worried and thought it was not the proper place to raise her child, 8 . So she took Meng Ke away from the market. At last, they settled down (定居) beside a school. Every day, Meng Ke saw the good students and 9 from their polite manners. He saw the students reading books and he did so as well. Soon he developed a great 10 in reading for knowledge. Mengmu was very glad to see this and decided that the school was the right environment she had been looking for all along. 1．A．but B．so C．or 2．A．most B．more C．much 3．A．river B．rivers’ C．river’s 4．A．about B．with C．of 5．A．a B．an C．the 6．A．attract B．to attract C．attracted 7．A．he B．him C．himself 8．A．either B．too C．also 9．A．learn B．learns C．learned 10．A．interest B．interested C．interesting 二、完形填空 In ancient Spring and Autumn period, China had many states. Qi was once strong but became less powerful. Yan Zi, a 11 adviser, was sent to Chu by Qi’s king for support. The king of Chu knew Yan Zi was short. He planned to make fun of him. When Yan Zi 12 , guards told him to use a small gate. Yan Zi calmly said, “Only a dog’s state uses dog gates. I’m visiting Chu, so this gate isn’t 13 me.” The guards then led him through the main gate. The angry king asked, “Why did Qi send you? Have they no 14 ambassadors (使节)?” Yan Zi replied, “For a great king, Qi sends its best ambassador. I’m the 15 , so I’m here.” Just then, guards brought a thief from Qi. “Ha! Is Qi a state of thieves?” the king asked 16 . Yan Zi answered, “Orange trees in the south of Huai River grow big, sweet fruit. 17 in the north of the river, they grow small, sour fruit. The 18 changes them. In Qi, people are honest, but here they steal. What 19 this man a thief here? ” The king looked at Yan Zi and laughed. “I was 20 about you and your state!” 11．A．confident B．wise C．patient D．handsome 12．A．left B．arrived C．slept D．cried 13．A．with B．for C．about D．against 14．A．better B．kinder C．richer D．taller 15．A．strongest B．worst C．smartest D．bravest 16．A．impolitely B．curiously C．worriedly D．disappointedly 17．A．Because B．Though C．But D．So 18．A．environment B．sun C．farmer D．life 19．A．asks B．makes C．tells D．helps 20．A．worried B．lost C．wrong D．right 三、阅读理解 A In ancient China, there were many shining names in the river of the history. Here are some great characters of that time. Confucius was a great educator and good at learning. Once Confucius and his students were on their way, a little boy suddenly stopped in their way and asked the master to go around the “city” that he made with bricks and stones. Confucius thought this boy was so smart and didn’t treat the “city” as a toy. The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.” Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people. Zhang Qian was born in Chenggu of Western Han Dynasty. He was an outstanding envoy and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west. As a famous Tang Dynasty poet, Du Fu wrote over one thousand and five hundred poems. Most of them described the common people’s sufferings and sorrows during the terrible years of the Tang Dynasty, expressing his profound worry and deep love for his country and the people. Li Shizhen was born in 1518. He found many old medicine books full of mistakes. So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden, but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the working people. At last, he completed his great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, one of the greatest contributions to the medical science of the world. 21．Why is Confucius a great educator? A．Because he understood the boy and gave way to the “city”. B．Because he traveled with his students from state to state. C．Because he likes learning and had wise thoughts about education. D．Because he was smarter than others and read many books. 22．What did Li Bing do to help the people? A．He brought much useful information from the west. B．He set up many water projects. C．He travelled and wrote many famous poems. D．He helped many sick people in the village. 23．Zhang Qian ________. A．opened up the ancient Silk Road B．liked travelling to the west C．was an outstanding writer D．was born in East Han Dynasty 24．Li Shizhen studied medicine ________. A．at home B．in the wild C．by communicating with others D．A, B and C 25．Which of the following is TRUE according to the article? A．The people are all great poets and have their own works. B．Du Fu is not only a great poet but also a super captain. C．Li Shizhen didn’t write any work. D．The people mentioned are all cared for the people. B ①The Tang Dynasty ruled ancient China from 618 to 907 AD．It experienced Early Prosperity (618-755): Strong and unified, expanded territory to Central and Northeast Asia, with golden ages like the “Zhenguan Reign” and “Kaiyuan Prosperity”. Another was Later Decline (755-907): After the An Lushan Rebellion, warlords gained power. Its great influence and achievements are still felt and studied today. So this dynasty is often regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization (文明) and a golden age of cosmopolitan (世界性的) culture. ②Many advancements (进步) in the fields of engineering and technology were made during the Tang Dynasty. Perhaps the most important was the invention of woodblock printing Woodblock printing allowed books to be printed in mass production. This helped to increase literacy and to pass on knowledge throughout the empire. The first full-length book to be printed was The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》) in 868. ③Another major invention of the time was gunpowder. Although it would continue to be perfected over hundreds of years, gunpowder was mostly used for fireworks during the Tang Dynasty. The people believed that fireworks could help to scare off evil spirits. ④The arts flourished (繁荣) during the Tang Dynasty. It was during this time that poetry became an integral (不可或缺的) part of the Chinese culture. Poetry was a required study for those who wished to pass the civil service (文官部门) exams. Talented poets were well-respected and often recited their poetry as entertainment at parties. Some of the great poets in Chinese history lived during this time such as Li Bai, Du Fu, and Wang Wei. ⑤While the Tang Dynasty is most famous for its poetry, other arts also became popular during this time. Many forms of literature were written including short stories, encyclopedias (百科全书), and histories. Also painting was very popular and the era produced famous painters such as Wu Daozi, Wang Wei (also a famous poet), and Zhou Fang. ⑥Did you know? It was during the Tang Dynasty that drinking tea became a leisure (休闲) activity. The capital city of Chang’an was the largest city in the world at the time. It is estimated (估计) that the total population of the city and the countryside around it totaled nearly 2 million. 26．Why is the Tang Dynasty often regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization, and a golden age of cosmopolitan culture? A．Because it ruled ancient China for 289 years. B．Because it expanded territory to Central and Northeast Asia. C．Because it had a lot of influence and achievements in many areas. D．Because it had golden ages like the “Zhenguan Reign” and “Kaiyuan Prosperity.” 27．What’s the underlined Chinese name of woodblock printing according to the second paragraph? A．火药 B．指南针 C．活字印刷术 D．雕版印刷术 28．What’s the third paragraph mainly about? A．The history of gunpowder. B．The invention of gunpowder. C．The way to scare off evil spirits. D．The development of fireworks. 29．Why did the government officials need to learn poetry during the Tang Dynasty? A．Because it was part of the civil service tests. B．Because they used poetry communicate at parties. C．Because leaders were often respected by famous poets. D．Because most of the short stories written in poetry. 30．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (1= Paragraph①…) A．B． C． D． C In 1974, farmers digging a well in Xi’an, China, made an amazing discovery—thousands of life-sized terracotta soldiers buried underground. These statues were part of the tomb of China’s first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, who ruled over 2,000 years ago.   The terracotta army includes soldiers, horses, and chariots, each with unique facial expressions and details. Experts believe it took about 700,000 workers nearly 40 years to build this incredible underground army. The statues were meant to protect the emperor in the afterlife.   Today, the Terracotta Warriors are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of China’s most famous tourist attractions. Visitors can see three main pits filled with soldiers, though many statues remain unexcavated to protect their colors from fading. Scientists continue to study and restore the warriors using modern technology.   To preserve the site, visitors must follow rules: no touching the statues, no flash photography, and no loud noises. “These warriors have survived for centuries, and we must protect them for future generations,” says museum guide Zhang Lin. 31．Where were the Terracotta Warriors discovered? A．In Beijing B．In Xi’an C．In Nanjing D．In Shanghai 32．How long did it take to build the terracotta army? A．10 years B．20 years C．30 years D．40 years 33．Why are many statues still unexcavated? A．To keep their colors from fading B．Because they are too heavy to move C．To save money for the museum D．Because they are not important 34．What is NOT allowed for visitors at the site? A．Taking photos B．Touching the statues C．Walking quietly D．Reading information boards 35．What is the main purpose of the terracotta army? A．To attract tourists B．To protect the emperor in the afterlife C．To show ancient art D．To train soldiers 四、选词填空 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。 such   children   find   great   surprised   take   achieve   suddenly  when   poet   mind This story is about Li Bai who was born in 701 A．D．He is also known as a great romantic 36 of the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai disliked studying 37 he was a child. One day, he played by a river with some other 38 . He 39 saw an old woman grinding (摩擦) something on a big stone. He came up to the woman and 40 that it was an iron rod (铁棒). Li Bai was very 41 at what the old woman was doing. He asked her why she did that. “I want to make a sewing needle (缝纫针) by myself,” answered the old woman. Young Li Bai couldn’t understand it. He didn’t believe the old woman’s words. He said, “What? You want to grind 42 a big rod into a needle? It will 43 you so many years to do it.” “It doesn’t matter. If I don’t give up, there will be nothing that I can’t 44 . I can certainly make a needle from the rod.” Li Bai was deeply moved by what the old woman said. Then he made up his 45 to study hard. Finally, he became one of the 46 poets in China. 综合能力提升参考答案 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了“孟母三迁”的故事。 1．句意：他的父亲在他还是个婴儿的时候就去世了，所以他和他的母亲孟母一起生活。 but但是；so所以；or或者。分析题干可知，前后是因果关系，前因后果，故选B。 2．句意：孟母希望他尽可能多地学习。 most最多；more更多；much很多。as...as之间用形容词副词的原级，故选C。 3．句意：他跟着孩子们爬树捉鸟，在河里抓鱼，在地里偷瓜。 river河流，单数名词；rivers’复数名词所有格；river’s单数名词所有格。根据“catch fish in the”可知，在河里抓鱼，应用名词river，故选A。 4．句意：她后来认为，她的儿子不努力学习是因为恶劣的生活环境。 about关于；with和；of……的。此处是固定短语because of“因为”，故选C。 5．句意：然后他们搬到了市场旁边的一所房子里。 a用于辅音音素前；an用于元音音素前；the表示特指。此处泛指一个市场，market以辅音音素开头，应用a，故选A。 6．句意：人们在市场里走来走去，聊天和讨价还价，而卖家则大声喊叫，试图吸引顾客。 attract动词原形；to attract动词不定式；attracted动词过去式。try to do sth“尝试做某事”，为固定短语，故选B。 7．句意：孟轲看到了这一点，就像一个卖家一样自学。 he他；him他；himself他自己。此处是短语teach oneself“自学”，故选C。 8．句意：梦母很担心，觉得这里也不适合抚养孩子。 either也，一般用于否定句句末；too也，一般用于肯定句末；also也，一般用于肯定句中。根据“thought it was not the proper place to raise her child, ”可知，这是否定句，应用either，故选A。 9．句意：孟轲每天都看到好学生，学习他们的礼貌举止。 learn学习，动词原形；learns动词三单；learned动词过去式。结合“saw”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词应用过去式，故选C。 10．句意：不久他就对通过阅读获取知识产生了浓厚的兴趣。 interest兴趣；interested感兴趣的；interesting令人有趣的。great是形容词，应用修饰名词interest，故选A。 11．B 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．B 16．A 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了“晏子使楚”的故事。 11．句意：齐国国王派聪明的使者晏子去楚国寻求支持。 confident自信的；wise明智的；patient耐心的；handsome英俊的。根据下文内容可知，晏子是很睿智的。故选B。 12．句意：当晏子到达时，卫兵告诉他走小门。 left离开；arrived到达；slept睡觉；cried哭泣。根据“guards told him to use a small gate”可知是到达楚国。故选B。 13．句意：我来楚国，所以这个门不适合我。 with和；for为了；about关于；against反对。根据“this gate isn’t...me”可知自己是来楚国访问的，这个狗门不适合自己，for符合。故选B。 14．句意：难道齐国没有更好的使者了吗？ better更好的；kinder更善良的；richer更富有的；taller更高的。根据“For a great king, Qi sends its best ambassador.”可知楚王看不起晏子，认为齐国没有更好的大使了，所以派了晏子来。故选A。 15．句意：我是最差的，所以派到这儿来了。 strongest最强壮的；worst最差的；smartest最聪明的；bravest最勇敢的。根据“For a great king, Qi sends its best ambassador. I’m the...so I’m here”可知对于一位伟大的国王，齐国派出最好的大使，此处与上文形成对比，说自己是最糟糕的，所以来了楚国。故选B。 16．句意：他不礼貌地问道。 impolitely不礼貌地；curiously好奇地；worriedly担忧地；disappointedly失望地。根据“Is Qi a state of thieves”可知楚王对齐国带有偏见，所以此处是不礼貌地询问。故选A。 17．句意：但是生长在淮河以北，结的果实又小又酸。 Because因为；Though虽然；But但是；So所以。前后两句是转折关系，用but连接。故选C。 18．句意：是环境改变了它们的本性。 environment环境；sun太阳；farmer农民；life生活。根据“Orange trees in the south of Huai River grow big, sweet fruit...in the north of the river, they grow small, sour fruit”可知橘树生长在淮河以南，结的果实又大又甜，生长在淮河以北，结的果实又小又酸，所以是环境导致了不同。故选A。 19．句意：在这里是什么让这个人成为小偷呢？ asks问；makes使，让；tells告诉；helps帮助。根据“this man a thief here?”可知是让这个人成为小偷。故选B。 20．句意：我对你和你的国家错了！ worried担心的；lost迷路的；wrong错的；right对的。根据“I was...about you and your state”可知，楚王认识到自己的错误。故选C。 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了中国古代几位杰出人物，包括孔子、李冰、张骞、杜甫和李时珍，强调了他们各自在教育、水利、探索、诗歌和医药方面的重要贡献，也彰显了他们关心百姓、造福于民的精神。 21．细节理解题。根据文中对孔子的描述可知，他善于学习并有有关教育的睿智思想。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据“He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people”可知，李冰最著名的事迹就是修建都江堰等水利工程，给百姓带来福祉。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据“He was an outstanding envoy and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west.”可知，张骞开辟了丝绸之路，带回了西方的许多有用信息。故选A。 24．细节理解题。根据“So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden, but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the worker”可知，李时珍不仅在自家园中研究医学，还到野外采药，并向劳动人民学习。故选D。 25．细节理解题。通读全文可见，这几位人物都对人民生活抱有极大关切，并且通过各自的成就对社会作出重大贡献。故选D。 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 【导语】本文详细描述了唐朝的早期繁荣和后期衰落，以及在工程、技术、艺术、文学等方面的重大发明和进步。 26．细节理解题。根据“So this dynasty is often regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization (文明) and a golden age of cosmopolitan (世界性的) culture. Its great influence and achievements are still felt and studied today.”可知，唐朝常被视为中国文明的一个高峰和世界性文化的黄金时代是因为它在许多领域有很大的影响力和成就。故选C。 27．词义猜测题。根据“Woodblock printing allowed books to be printed in mass production. The first full-length book to be printed was The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》) in 868.”以及常识可知，在唐朝大规模用于印刷书籍的是雕版印刷术，所以woodblock printing是“雕版印刷术”的意思。故选D。 28．主旨大意题。根据“Another major invention of the time was gunpowder. Although it would continue to be perfected over hundreds of years, gunpowder was mostly used for fireworks during the Tang Dynasty. ”可知第三段主要讲的是火药的发明。故选B。 29．细节理解题。根据“Poetry was a required study for those who wished to pass the civil service (文官部门) exams.”可知唐朝的政府官员需要学习诗歌是因为它是科举考试的一部分。故选A。 30．篇章结构题。文章第①段总述唐朝的统治时间、发展阶段以及在文明和文化方面的地位；第②③两段讲了它的发明；第④⑤段讲了唐朝诗歌和其他艺术形式的流行；第⑥段补充了唐朝喝茶成为休闲活动以及长安是当时世界上最大城市等信息。其结构为①/②③/④⑤/⑥ 。故选C。 31．B 32．D 33．A 34．B 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了兵马俑的历史及保护兵马俑的意义。 31．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1974, farmers digging a well in Xi’an, China, made an amazing discovery”可知，兵马俑在西安被发现。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Experts believe it took about 700,000 workers nearly 40 years to build this incredible underground army.”可知，建造兵马俑花了接近40年的时间。故选D。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Visitors can see three main pits filled with soldiers, though many statues remain unexcavated to protect their colors from fading.”可知，许多雕像仍未被发掘的原因是为了防止它们的颜色褪色。故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“To preserve the site, visitors must follow rules: no touching the statues, no flash photography, and no loud noises.”可知，为了保护遗址，游客们不能触摸雕像。故选B。 35．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The statues were meant to protect the emperor in the afterlife.”可知，这些雕像是为了保护皇帝死后的生活。故选B。 36．poet 37．when 38．children 39．suddenly 40．found 41．surprised 42．such 43．take 44．achieve 45．mind 46．greatest 【导语】本文讲述了“铁棒磨成针”的故事。 36．句意：他也被称为唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人。根据“This story is about Li Bai who was born in 701 A.D.”可知，李白被称为唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人，poet“诗人”符合题意。故填poet。 37．句意：李白小时候不喜欢学习。根据“Li Bai disliked studying…he was a child.”可知，此处用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当他是个孩子的时候”。故填when。 38．句意：一天，他和其他一些孩子在河边玩耍。根据“he played by a river with some other…”并结合备选词可知，他和其他一些孩子在河边玩耍，children“孩子们”符合题意。故填children。 39．句意：他突然看到一个老妇人在一块大石头上磨东西。根据“He…saw an old woman grinding (摩擦) something on a big stone.”可知，他突然看到一个老妇人在一块大石头上磨东西，suddenly“突然地”符合题意。故填suddenly。 40．句意：他走到女人跟前，发现那是一根铁棒。根据“…that it was an iron rod”可知，他发现女人正在磨铁棒，find“发现”符合题意。根据“came”可知，此处是一般过去时，故谓语动词用其过去式。故填found。 41．句意：李白对老妇人的所作所为感到非常惊讶。根据“Young Li Bai couldn’t understand it. He didn’t believe the old woman’s words.”可知，李白感到很惊讶，surprised“惊讶的”符合题意。故填surprised。 42．句意：你想把这么大的棒子磨成针吗？根据“grind…a big rod”可知，此处指“把这么大的棒子磨成针”，such“如此的”符合题意。故填such。 43．句意：这要花你很多年的时间。根据“It will…you so many years to do it.”可知，此处指“花费时间”，take符合题意。故填take。 44．句意：如果我不放弃，就没有我做不到的事。根据“If I don’t give up, there will be nothing that I can’t…”可知，此处表示“如果我不放弃，就没有我做不到的事”，achieve“取得，实现”符合题意。故填achieve。 45．句意：然后他下定决心要努力学习。make up one’s mind“下定决心”。故填mind。 46．句意：最后，他成为了中国最伟大的诗人之一。根据“Finally, he became one of the…poets in China.”可知，李白成为了中国最伟大的诗人之一，great“伟大的”符合题意。one of+最高级+名词复数表示“最……的……之一”。故填greatest。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年中考英语中考一轮话题复习 话题13 历史 考纲解读 2026中考英语“历史”话题考纲核心：立足核心素养，聚焦中外历史事件、人物、文化遗产、文明交流，覆盖听说读写，强调历史语境中的语言应用与文化表达。以下为精准研读与备考要点。 一、考纲核心定位 （1）主题归属：人与社会（中外历史事件、文明交流、文化遗产、历史人物）；人与自我（历史学习经历、历史感悟）。 （2）核心素养：语言能力（历史词汇、句型、语用）；文化意识（用英语讲中国历史，跨文化对比）；思维品质（观点阐述、因果分析、评价反思）；学习能力（信息整合、自主积累）。 （3）能力要求：识别/描述历史事件、人物、时间、地点；阐述历史意义与影响；比较中外历史异同；结合历史谈启示/建议。 二、考点分布与命题趋势 考点分布: （1）听说：短对话（历史活动安排）、长对话（讨论历史景点/书籍）、独白（历史事件介绍/参观邀请）；口语可能考“介绍一个历史人物”或“分享一次历史参观体验”。 （2）阅读：应用文（历史博物馆通知、参观指南）；记叙文（历史人物故事、考古发现经历）；说明文（历史事件介绍、文化遗产保护）；多模态文本（图文匹配、时间轴/地图解读）。 （3）完形/语法填空：高频语境（历史故事、文化遗产保护、历史活动）；核心语法（时态、从句、非谓语、固定搭配）。 （4）书面表达：常考体裁（书信、通知、记叙文、议论文）；高频角度（介绍历史事件/人物、分享历史学习经历、邀请参观历史遗迹、为文化遗产保护提建议）。 命题趋势： 历史与文化融合（如丝绸之路、大运河、世界文化遗产）；周年热点具象化（如长征胜利90周年、中共成立105周年）；任务真实化（从“记知识”到“用知识”，如写参观报告、历史主题倡议）。 三、核心知识清单 必备词汇 （1）历史事件：Silk Road、the Long March、the Opium War、the Industrial Revolution、World War Ⅱ （2）历史人物：Confucius、Zheng He、Marco Polo、Albert Einstein、Mao Zedong （3）文化遗产：cultural relics、world heritage site、historical monument、ancient ruins、mural （4）历史动作/描述：discover、explore、found、establish、defeat、unite、inspire、significant、influential、historic。 常用句型 （1）介绍事件：...took place in... It was a significant event because...；...marked the beginning/end of... （2）描述人物：...was a famous... who... He/She made great contributions to... （3）阐述意义：The event had a profound impact on...；It taught us that... （4）比较异同：Compared with..., ...was different/similar in...；Both...and...played an important role in...。 四、备考策略 （1）词汇与句型：按子话题（中国古代史/近现代史、世界史、文化遗产）整理词表；积累不同体裁常用句型，在语境中记忆与仿写。 （2）听说训练：每日15分钟真题；听前划关键词，听中抓时间、地点、人物、事件；口语准备“30秒/60秒”微话题素材，注意流畅度与语调。 （3）阅读突破：每日1篇限时练；应用文抓关键信息；记叙文梳理情节与情感；说明文抓说明对象与特征；多模态文本先图后文、图文/时间轴对应。 （4）写作提升：分体裁练结构（书信：称呼-正文-结尾-署名；通知：标题-正文-落款）；每周1篇主题写作，从“点（词汇）-线（句型）-面（篇章）”升级；积累中国历史素材，能阐释历史文化内涵。 （5）文化渗透：结合教材单元（如九年级Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth、Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7）拓展历史话题；对比中外历史异同，提升跨文化表达能力。 五、教学与备考建议 （1）课堂设计：开展“历史角”活动（介绍/辩论/策划）；用多模态资源（视频、图片、音频、时间轴）创设情境；结合写作任务，实现“输入-内化-输出”闭环。 （2）复习规划：一轮（基础）：梳理词汇、句型，夯实语言基础；二轮（专项）：分题型训练，总结解题技巧；三轮（模拟）：做真题/模拟题，查漏补缺，提升综合能力。 （3）易错提醒：避免历史专有名词拼写错误；注意时态（过去时、完成时）、主谓一致；书面表达要结构清晰、内容完整、语言流畅，体现历史认知与文化自信。 语篇研读 基础知识运用 一、语法选择 The story of Mulan is one of 1 most famous stories in China. It tells us about a young girl 2 took her father’s place in the army. Her father was old and sick, so Mulan decided 3 for him. She cut her hair short and dressed 4 a man. Nobody knew she was a girl. During her time in the army, Mulan trained very hard. She learned 5 to use weapons and ride horses. Soon she became one of 6 best soldiers. She fought bravely in many battles and won respect from her comrades. After the war, the emperor wanted to give Mulan a high position, but she refused. She only asked for a horse 7 return home. When she put on her old dress, her army friends were very surprised. They 8 believe that their brave soldier was actually a woman. Mulan’s story 9 people for centuries. It teaches us about courage, love and responsibility. I think everyone should learn from Mulan. If you 10 her story, you will understand why she is such an important figure in Chinese culture. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．which B．who C．whose 3．A．fight B．to fight C．fighting 4．A．as B．like C．for 5．A．what B．how C．why 6．A．a B．an C．the 7．A．to B．for C．with 8．A．can’t B．couldn’t C．wouldn’t 9．A．inspires B．inspired C．has inspired 10．A．read B．reads C．will read 二、完形填空 On September 3, 2025, China held a big military parade (阅兵) in Tian’anmen Square. It was to mark the 80th anniversary of winning the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. This event had great 11 for all Chinese people. The parade had two main parts and 12 about 70 minutes. There were 45 teams in total, like air flag teams, foot teams and equipment (装备) teams. All the weapons (武器) shown were made in China, and many new kinds appeared for the 13 time. This parade was very meaningful. First, it helped people 14 history and respected the heroes who died for our country. Second, it showed how modern our military (军队) was and its ability to keep our country 15 . Third, it told the world China kept the post-war order (战后秩序) and supported global (全球的) 16 all the time. During the parade, people from different fields were invited, including some from Taiwan. This told us the war victory came from the 17 of the whole Chinese nation. Also, the parade showed China’s promise to build a better world for everyone. As teenagers, we should learn from history, study hard to improve our 18 and help our country develop. We must cherish peace and take action to 19 it. The Chinese military is strong, but it will never use force to 20 other countries—it only wants to protect our country and people. 11．A．importance B．fun C．trouble D．time 12．A．used B．lasted C．saved D．missed 13．A．first B．second C．third D．fourth 14．A．forget B．hide C．remember D．change 15．A．safe B．big C．small D．new 16．A．fights B．peace C．hunger D．pollution 17．A．unity B．work C．play D．study 18．A．abilities B．hobbies C．fears D．laziness 19．A．break B．protect C．ignore D．question 20．A．help B．hurt C．visit D．thank 三、阅读理解 The Terracotta Army is one of the most famous wonders in the world. It is a collection of life-size clay sculptures (真人大小的泥塑) in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province. The sculptures represent the armies of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. The Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 by some farmers when they were digging a well. After that, archaeologists (考古学家) began to excavate (挖掘) the site. So far, three pits (坑) have been discovered, which contain thousands of terracotta warriors (兵马俑), horses and chariots (战车). The terracotta warriors are of different sizes, shapes and facial expressions. Each warrior has a unique (独特的) look, which shows the high level of artistry of the ancient Chinese. The horses are also very realistic, with detailed features and muscles. The Terracotta Army is not only a great wonder of art but also an important historical relic (遗迹). It provides valuable information about the military (军事的), culture and art of the Qin Dynasty. 21．Where is the Terracotta Army? A．In Beijing. B．In Shandong Province. C．In Xi’an. D．In Henan Province. 22．When was the Terracotta Army discovered? A．In 1970. B．In 1974. C．In 1978. D．In 1984. 23．How many pits have been discovered so far? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 24．What can we learn from the terracotta warriors? A．The high level of artistry of the ancient Chinese. B．The military, culture and art of the Han Dynasty. C．The way of life of the ancient people. D．The language of the ancient Chinese. 25．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of the Qin Dynasty. B．The discovery of the Terracotta Army. C．The introduction of the Terracotta Army. D．The artistry of the terracotta warriors. 四、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 confident, boat, task, which, fill, show, nervous, make, from, smart In the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang, who was a wise advisor, received a hard 26 from his rival Zhou Yu: make 100,000 arrows in ten days. Zhuge Liang smiled 27 and agreed. Instead of 28 arrows, he used his creativity. One foggy morning, he sent 20 29 covered with straw men toward the enemy camp. The thick fog, which hid the boats, made Cao Cao’s soldiers 30 . Thinking the straw men were real soldiers, they started shooting arrows wildly. Their arrows sticking into the straw. By sunrise, the boats were 31 with arrows. When Zhou Yu asked how he did it, Zhuge Liang explained that he had “borrowed” arrows 32 the enemy. Zhou Yu, finally understanding the trick, said, “You’re much 33 than I am!” This story 34 how clever ideas can solve big problems. Zhuge Liang’s plan, using fog and straw, saved time and lives. The arrows 35 were collected without fighting became famous in history. By thinking differently, Zhuge Liang proved that sometimes the best solutions are unexpected. 综合能力提升 一、语法选择 Once upon a time, there was a little boy called Meng Ke. His father died when he was just a baby, 1 he lived alone with his mother, Mengmu. Mengmu wanted him to study as 2 as possible. But little Meng Ke was a naughty boy. He followed the children to climb trees to catch birds, catch fish in the 3 and steal the melons in fields. She later thought that her son didn’t study hard because 4 the bad living environment. Then they moved to a house next to 5 market. People moved around the market, chatting and bargaining (讨价), while sellers shouted at the top of their voice, trying 6 customers. Meng Ke saw this and taught 7 by acting like a seller. Mengmu was worried and thought it was not the proper place to raise her child, 8 . So she took Meng Ke away from the market. At last, they settled down (定居) beside a school. Every day, Meng Ke saw the good students and 9 from their polite manners. He saw the students reading books and he did so as well. Soon he developed a great 10 in reading for knowledge. Mengmu was very glad to see this and decided that the school was the right environment she had been looking for all along. 1．A．but B．so C．or 2．A．most B．more C．much 3．A．river B．rivers’ C．river’s 4．A．about B．with C．of 5．A．a B．an C．the 6．A．attract B．to attract C．attracted 7．A．he B．him C．himself 8．A．either B．too C．also 9．A．learn B．learns C．learned 10．A．interest B．interested C．interesting 二、完形填空 In ancient Spring and Autumn period, China had many states. Qi was once strong but became less powerful. Yan Zi, a 11 adviser, was sent to Chu by Qi’s king for support. The king of Chu knew Yan Zi was short. He planned to make fun of him. When Yan Zi 12 , guards told him to use a small gate. Yan Zi calmly said, “Only a dog’s state uses dog gates. I’m visiting Chu, so this gate isn’t 13 me.” The guards then led him through the main gate. The angry king asked, “Why did Qi send you? Have they no 14 ambassadors (使节)?” Yan Zi replied, “For a great king, Qi sends its best ambassador. I’m the 15 , so I’m here.” Just then, guards brought a thief from Qi. “Ha! Is Qi a state of thieves?” the king asked 16 . Yan Zi answered, “Orange trees in the south of Huai River grow big, sweet fruit. 17 in the north of the river, they grow small, sour fruit. The 18 changes them. In Qi, people are honest, but here they steal. What 19 this man a thief here? ” The king looked at Yan Zi and laughed. “I was 20 about you and your state!” 11．A．confident B．wise C．patient D．handsome 12．A．left B．arrived C．slept D．cried 13．A．with B．for C．about D．against 14．A．better B．kinder C．richer D．taller 15．A．strongest B．worst C．smartest D．bravest 16．A．impolitely B．curiously C．worriedly D．disappointedly 17．A．Because B．Though C．But D．So 18．A．environment B．sun C．farmer D．life 19．A．asks B．makes C．tells D．helps 20．A．worried B．lost C．wrong D．right 三、阅读理解 A In ancient China, there were many shining names in the river of the history. Here are some great characters of that time. Confucius was a great educator and good at learning. Once Confucius and his students were on their way, a little boy suddenly stopped in their way and asked the master to go around the “city” that he made with bricks and stones. Confucius thought this boy was so smart and didn’t treat the “city” as a toy. The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.” Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people. Zhang Qian was born in Chenggu of Western Han Dynasty. He was an outstanding envoy and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west. As a famous Tang Dynasty poet, Du Fu wrote over one thousand and five hundred poems. Most of them described the common people’s sufferings and sorrows during the terrible years of the Tang Dynasty, expressing his profound worry and deep love for his country and the people. Li Shizhen was born in 1518. He found many old medicine books full of mistakes. So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden, but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the working people. At last, he completed his great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, one of the greatest contributions to the medical science of the world. 21．Why is Confucius a great educator? A．Because he understood the boy and gave way to the “city”. B．Because he traveled with his students from state to state. C．Because he likes learning and had wise thoughts about education. D．Because he was smarter than others and read many books. 22．What did Li Bing do to help the people? A．He brought much useful information from the west. B．He set up many water projects. C．He travelled and wrote many famous poems. D．He helped many sick people in the village. 23．Zhang Qian ________. A．opened up the ancient Silk Road B．liked travelling to the west C．was an outstanding writer D．was born in East Han Dynasty 24．Li Shizhen studied medicine ________. A．at home B．in the wild C．by communicating with others D．A, B and C 25．Which of the following is TRUE according to the article? A．The people are all great poets and have their own works. B．Du Fu is not only a great poet but also a super captain. C．Li Shizhen didn’t write any work. D．The people mentioned are all cared for the people. B ①The Tang Dynasty ruled ancient China from 618 to 907 AD．It experienced Early Prosperity (618-755): Strong and unified, expanded territory to Central and Northeast Asia, with golden ages like the “Zhenguan Reign” and “Kaiyuan Prosperity”. Another was Later Decline (755-907): After the An Lushan Rebellion, warlords gained power. Its great influence and achievements are still felt and studied today. So this dynasty is often regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization (文明) and a golden age of cosmopolitan (世界性的) culture. ②Many advancements (进步) in the fields of engineering and technology were made during the Tang Dynasty. Perhaps the most important was the invention of woodblock printing Woodblock printing allowed books to be printed in mass production. This helped to increase literacy and to pass on knowledge throughout the empire. The first full-length book to be printed was The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》) in 868. ③Another major invention of the time was gunpowder. Although it would continue to be perfected over hundreds of years, gunpowder was mostly used for fireworks during the Tang Dynasty. The people believed that fireworks could help to scare off evil spirits. ④The arts flourished (繁荣) during the Tang Dynasty. It was during this time that poetry became an integral (不可或缺的) part of the Chinese culture. Poetry was a required study for those who wished to pass the civil service (文官部门) exams. Talented poets were well-respected and often recited their poetry as entertainment at parties. Some of the great poets in Chinese history lived during this time such as Li Bai, Du Fu, and Wang Wei. ⑤While the Tang Dynasty is most famous for its poetry, other arts also became popular during this time. Many forms of literature were written including short stories, encyclopedias (百科全书), and histories. Also painting was very popular and the era produced famous painters such as Wu Daozi, Wang Wei (also a famous poet), and Zhou Fang. ⑥Did you know? It was during the Tang Dynasty that drinking tea became a leisure (休闲) activity. The capital city of Chang’an was the largest city in the world at the time. It is estimated (估计) that the total population of the city and the countryside around it totaled nearly 2 million. 26．Why is the Tang Dynasty often regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization, and a golden age of cosmopolitan culture? A．Because it ruled ancient China for 289 years. B．Because it expanded territory to Central and Northeast Asia. C．Because it had a lot of influence and achievements in many areas. D．Because it had golden ages like the “Zhenguan Reign” and “Kaiyuan Prosperity.” 27．What’s the underlined Chinese name of woodblock printing according to the second paragraph? A．火药 B．指南针 C．活字印刷术 D．雕版印刷术 28．What’s the third paragraph mainly about? A．The history of gunpowder. B．The invention of gunpowder. C．The way to scare off evil spirits. D．The development of fireworks. 29．Why did the government officials need to learn poetry during the Tang Dynasty? A．Because it was part of the civil service tests. B．Because they used poetry communicate at parties. C．Because leaders were often respected by famous poets. D．Because most of the short stories written in poetry. 30．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (1= Paragraph①…) A．B． C． D． C In 1974, farmers digging a well in Xi’an, China, made an amazing discovery—thousands of life-sized terracotta soldiers buried underground. These statues were part of the tomb of China’s first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, who ruled over 2,000 years ago.   The terracotta army includes soldiers, horses, and chariots, each with unique facial expressions and details. Experts believe it took about 700,000 workers nearly 40 years to build this incredible underground army. The statues were meant to protect the emperor in the afterlife.   Today, the Terracotta Warriors are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of China’s most famous tourist attractions. Visitors can see three main pits filled with soldiers, though many statues remain unexcavated to protect their colors from fading. Scientists continue to study and restore the warriors using modern technology.   To preserve the site, visitors must follow rules: no touching the statues, no flash photography, and no loud noises. “These warriors have survived for centuries, and we must protect them for future generations,” says museum guide Zhang Lin. 31．Where were the Terracotta Warriors discovered? A．In Beijing B．In Xi’an C．In Nanjing D．In Shanghai 32．How long did it take to build the terracotta army? A．10 years B．20 years C．30 years D．40 years 33．Why are many statues still unexcavated? A．To keep their colors from fading B．Because they are too heavy to move C．To save money for the museum D．Because they are not important 34．What is NOT allowed for visitors at the site? A．Taking photos B．Touching the statues C．Walking quietly D．Reading information boards 35．What is the main purpose of the terracotta army? A．To attract tourists B．To protect the emperor in the afterlife C．To show ancient art D．To train soldiers 四、选词填空 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。 such   children   find   great   surprised   take   achieve   suddenly  when   poet   mind This story is about Li Bai who was born in 701 A．D．He is also known as a great romantic 36 of the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai disliked studying 37 he was a child. One day, he played by a river with some other 38 . He 39 saw an old woman grinding (摩擦) something on a big stone. He came up to the woman and 40 that it was an iron rod (铁棒). Li Bai was very 41 at what the old woman was doing. He asked her why she did that. “I want to make a sewing needle (缝纫针) by myself,” answered the old woman. Young Li Bai couldn’t understand it. He didn’t believe the old woman’s words. He said, “What? You want to grind 42 a big rod into a needle? It will 43 you so many years to do it.” “It doesn’t matter. If I don’t give up, there will be nothing that I can’t 44 . I can certainly make a needle from the rod.” Li Bai was deeply moved by what the old woman said. Then he made up his 45 to study hard. Finally, he became one of the 46 poets in China. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $