高考英语阅读理解每日一练（生化地理领域）-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

高考英语阅读理解每日一练 考点：细节理解+推理判断+主旨大意+信息整合 建议用时：25-30分钟 分层说明：基础层（1-4题）侧重细节定位、信息直接匹配，低阶思维考查；提升层（5-12题）侧重推理判断、主旨概括、复杂信息整合，高阶逻辑分析考查 A篇 话题：酶的特性与生物催化（基础层） Enzymes are special proteins in living organisms that act as biological catalysts, which can greatly speed up the rate of chemical reactions in cells without being consumed in the process. Almost all life activities, such as food digestion and energy production, cannot proceed normally without the help of enzymes. Each type of enzyme has a strict specificity, meaning it only acts on one or a few specific substances called substrates. For example, amylase in saliva only breaks down starch into maltose, and it has no effect on proteins or fats. This specificity is closely related to the unique three-dimensional structure of enzymes, especially the active site that binds to substrates. The activity of enzymes is easily affected by temperature and pH value. For most human enzymes, the optimal temperature is around 37℃, which is the normal human body temperature. High temperature will denature the enzyme and destroy its structure, while low temperature only inhibits its activity without permanent damage. Each enzyme also has an optimal pH range; pepsin in the stomach works best in acidic conditions, while trypsin in the small intestine is most active in weakly alkaline environments. Enzymes play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the normal metabolism of organisms. They not only ensure the efficiency of cellular reactions but also make these reactions occur under mild conditions, avoiding the need for high temperature and high pressure required for chemical reactions in the laboratory. 1. What is the basic function of enzymes in living organisms? A. To act as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions B. To provide energy for all cellular activities C. To be the main structural material of cells D. To store genetic information of organisms 2. What does the "specificity" of enzymes refer to? A. Enzymes can work in all temperature and pH conditions B. Enzymes are consumed during chemical reactions C. Enzymes only act on one or a few specific substrates D. Enzymes have the same three-dimensional structure 3. What is the optimal temperature for most human enzymes? A. Around 25℃ B. Around 37℃ C. Around 45℃ D. Around 60℃ 4. What will happen to enzymes when exposed to high temperature? A. Only their activity is temporarily inhibited B. They will bind to more substrates C. Their structure is destroyed due to denaturation D. They become more active in catalysis B篇 话题：新型可降解塑料的化学研发（提升层） Plastic has become an indispensable material in modern life due to its low cost, light weight and good durability, but the massive use of non-degradable plastic has caused serious white pollution to the earth's ecosystem. Traditional plastic products take hundreds of years to decompose in nature, accumulating in soil, oceans and other places and threatening the survival of wildlife. To solve this problem, scientists have been researching and developing biodegradable plastics with environmental protection properties. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most mature biodegradable plastics at present. It is mainly made from renewable biomass resources such as corn starch and sugarcane, which is very different from traditional petroleum-based plastics. PLA can be completely decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by microorganisms in nature under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions, and it will not leave harmful residues. It is widely used in food packaging, disposable tableware and textile materials. Another type of biodegradable plastic is polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), which is synthesized by microbial fermentation. PHA has better heat resistance and mechanical properties than PLA, and it can be degraded in both soil and marine environments, making it suitable for marine-related products such as fishing nets. However, the high production cost of PHA due to complex fermentation technology limits its large-scale application at present. The development and promotion of biodegradable plastics are not only a breakthrough in chemical material science but also an important measure to achieve ecological environmental protection. With the progress of technology, the production cost of biodegradable plastics is gradually reduced, and their performance is constantly improved. In the future, they will gradually replace traditional non-degradable plastics and play a key role in building a low-carbon and circular economy. 5. What is the main problem caused by non-degradable plastic? A. It is too expensive to produce and cannot be widely used B. It causes serious white pollution and threatens wildlife survival C. It has poor durability and cannot be used for a long time D. It is made from renewable resources and wastes energy 6. What is PLA mainly made from? A. Petroleum and other non-renewable resources B. Microorganisms from soil and oceans C. Corn starch, sugarcane and other biomass resources D. Traditional non-degradable plastic raw materials 7. What is the advantage of PHA over PLA? A. Lower production cost and easier large-scale application B. Better heat resistance and mechanical properties C. Can only be degraded in acidic environmental conditions D. Is the most mature biodegradable plastic at present 8. What can we infer about biodegradable plastics from the passage? A. They have completely replaced traditional plastics worldwide B. Their production cost is rising with technological progress C. They will play an important role in environmental protection in the future D. PHA can be degraded only in soil and not in marine environments C篇 话题：喀斯特地貌的形成与分布（提升层） Karst landform is a kind of soluble rock landform formed by the chemical erosion and mechanical erosion of water on carbonate rocks such as limestone and dolomite, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions with abundant rainfall and developed carbonate rock strata. The formation of karst landform is a long-term geological process that usually takes millions of years. The core process of karst landform formation is the chemical reaction between water and carbonate rocks. Rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide from the air and soil to form weak carbonic acid, which can dissolve limestone. As the reaction proceeds, the soluble rock is gradually eroded, forming various surface and underground karst landscapes. Surface karst landforms mainly include karst peaks, stone forests, karst depressions and dissolved gullies, which are typical landscapes in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi in China. Underground karst landforms are more diverse, with caves being the most representative. The continuous dissolution of underground water forms various cave landscapes such as stalactites, stalagmites and stone pillars. Stalactites hang down from the cave ceiling, formed by the gradual deposition of calcium carbonate when the water containing dissolved limestone drips down. Stalagmites grow up from the cave ground, formed by the deposition of calcium carbonate from the dripping water on the ground. When stalactites and stalagmites connect with each other, they form stone pillars. Karst landforms have important ecological and economic value. The unique landscape is a precious tourism resource, and the karst cave environment is suitable for the growth of some rare plants and animals. However, the karst area has thin soil layer and poor water retention capacity, which is easy to cause soil erosion and rock desertification. Therefore, scientific ecological protection and management are very important for karst regions. 9. What kind of rocks is karst landform mainly formed on? A. Igneous rocks such as granite B. Carbonate rocks such as limestone C. Sedimentary rocks such as sandstone D. Metamorphic rocks such as marble 10. How is weak carbonic acid formed in the karst formation process? A. By the dissolution of limestone in underground water B. By the reaction of stalactites and stalagmites C. By rainwater absorbing carbon dioxide from air and soil D. By the deposition of calcium carbonate in caves 11. What is the formation of stone pillars in karst caves? A. They grow directly from the cave ground naturally B. They hang down from the cave ceiling due to deposition C. They form when stalactites and stalagmites connect with each other D. They are formed by the mechanical erosion of running water 12. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The different types of underground karst landforms and their formation B. The formation process, types and ecological economic value of karst landform C. The serious ecological problems in karst regions and protection measures D. The distribution of karst landforms only in Chinese southwestern regions 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026高考英语阅读理解每日一练答案与详细解析 答案+解题思路 A篇 话题：酶的特性与生物催化（基础层） 1. 答案：A 解题思路：细节理解题，定位第一段第一句“Enzymes are special proteins in living organisms that act as biological catalysts, which can greatly speed up the rate of chemical reactions in cells”，直接匹配酶的核心功能，其余选项均为细胞其他物质的功能，文中未提及。 2. 答案：C 解题思路：细节理解题，定位第二段第一句“Each type of enzyme has a strict specificity, meaning it only acts on one or a few specific substances called substrates”，直接解释酶的专一性定义，A、B、D均与原文表述相反。 3. 答案：B 解题思路：细节理解题，定位第三段第二句“For most human enzymes, the optimal temperature is around 37℃, which is the normal human body temperature”，精准匹配数字信息，无需额外推理。 4. 答案：C 解题思路：细节理解题，定位第三段第三句“High temperature will denature the enzyme and destroy its structure, while low temperature only inhibits its activity without permanent damage”，明确高温对酶的影响是变性破坏结构，A是低温的影响，B、D与原文不符。 B篇 话题：新型可降解塑料的化学研发（提升层） 5. 答案：B 解题思路：细节理解题，定位第一段第一句“the massive use of non-degradable plastic has caused serious white pollution to the earth's ecosystem... threatening the survival of wildlife”，直接匹配不可降解塑料的危害，其余选项均为可降解塑料的特点或与原文相反的表述。 6. 答案：C 解题思路：细节理解题，定位第二段第二句“It is mainly made from renewable biomass resources such as corn starch and sugarcane”，直接匹配PLA的原料，A是传统塑料的原料，B是PHA的合成原料，D无中生有。 7. 答案：B 解题思路：细节理解题，定位第三段第二句“PHA has better heat resistance and mechanical properties than PLA”，直接匹配PHA相对PLA的优势，A与原文“PHA production cost is high”矛盾，C、D均为错误表述。 8. 答案：C 解题思路：推理判断题，定位第四段最后一句“In the future, they will gradually replace traditional non-degradable plastics and play a key role in building a low-carbon and circular economy”，可推理出可降解塑料未来的环保作用，A“完全替代”、B“成本上升”与原文不符，D与“PHA can be degraded in both soil and marine environments”矛盾。 C篇 话题：喀斯特地貌的形成与分布（提升层） 9. 答案：B 解题思路：细节理解题，定位第一段第一句“Karst landform is a kind of soluble rock landform formed by the chemical erosion and mechanical erosion of water on carbonate rocks such as limestone and dolomite”，直接匹配喀斯特地貌的形成岩石，A、C、D均非喀斯特地貌的主要形成岩石。 10. 答案：C 解题思路：细节理解题，定位第二段第二句“Rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide from the air and soil to form weak carbonic acid”，直接匹配弱酸的形成方式，A、B、D均为喀斯特形成后的反应或景观形成过程。 11. 答案：C 解题思路：细节理解题，定位第三段最后一句“When stalactites and stalagmites connect with each other, they form stone pillars”，直接匹配石柱的形成原因，A是石笋的特点，B是钟乳石的特点，D与喀斯特地貌的化学侵蚀核心不符。 12. 答案：B 解题思路：主旨大意题，梳理全文结构：首段介绍喀斯特地貌的定义、形成基础和分布；第二段讲核心形成过程和地表喀斯特类型；第三段介绍地下喀斯特类型及形成；第四段说明其生态经济价值和保护要点。选项B全面涵盖“形成过程、类型、价值”三大核心内容，A、C仅为文章局部细节，D“only in Chinese southwestern regions”与原文“widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions”矛盾。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $