内容正文:
冀教英语八上Unit5语法讲解及习题
定语(Attributes)
一、语法定义
定语是用来修饰、限定名词(或代词)的成分,用于说明名词的性质、特征、数量、所属等信息,让名词的含义更具体。
二、定语的类型及用法(重点必背·配单元例句)
定语可以由多种词类或结构充当,以下是本单元核心类型:
(一)形容词作定语
位置:通常放在被修饰的名词前面
作用:描述名词的性质、特征
单元例句:
I just experienced a new way of learning.(“new”修饰“way”,说明方式的性质)
There is nothing difficult in the world.(“difficult”修饰“nothing”,说明事物的特征)
(二)复合形容词作定语
位置:放在被修饰的名词前面
构成:由多个词通过连字符“-”连接而成
单元例句:
It was an out-of-school activity.(“out-of-school”修饰“activity”,说明活动的属性)
(三)介词短语作定语
位置:通常放在被修饰的名词后面
构成:介词 + 名词/代词等
单元例句:
We knew nothing about using a sickle before.(“about using a sickle”修饰“nothing”,说明内容)
Our school organised a trip to a rice farm.(“to a rice farm”修饰“trip”,说明目的地)
(四)名词/名词短语作定语
位置:通常放在被修饰的名词前面
作用:说明名词的类别、用途
单元例句:
It was an educational tour.(“tour”本身是名词,此处“educational tour”中“educational”是形容词,补充:若为“rice farm”,“rice”作定语修饰“farm”,说明农场的用途)
(五)副词作定语
位置:通常放在被修饰的名词后面
作用:说明时间、地点等
单元例句:
The educational tour tomorrow is very important.(“tomorrow”修饰“tour”,说明时间)
三、语法规则
1. 定语的位置规律:
前位定语:形容词、复合形容词、名词等,通常放在名词前;
例:a new way / an out-of-school activity
后位定语:介词短语、副词、从句等,通常放在名词后;
例:a trip to a rice farm / the tour tomorrow
2. 定语的核心作用:修饰名词,让名词的含义更具体(无定语的名词是泛指,加定语后变为特指);
例:“a way”(泛指一种方式)→ “a new way of learning”(特指一种新的学习方式)
四、习题
(一)基础题
1. 识别下列句子中的定语(写出修饰的名词+定语)
1. It was a tiring day.
_________________________________________________________________
2. We visited a rice farm in the countryside.
_________________________________________________________________
3. The book on the desk is mine.
_________________________________________________________________
4. She bought a red dress yesterday.
_________________________________________________________________
5. There is a big house near the river.
_________________________________________________________________
2. 用合适的词(形容词/介词短语)作定语填空
6. I have a __________ (漂亮的) bag.
7. He read a story __________ (关于农场生活) last night.
8. We saw some __________ (可爱的) animals in the zoo.
9. The girl __________ (穿蓝色衣服的) is my sister.
10. This is a photo __________ (我的家人).
(二)进阶层(10题 )
1. 单选(选择正确的定语完成句子)
11. We will have a __________ meeting tomorrow.
A. two-hours B. two hour C. two-hour
12. The boy __________ is my brother.
A. in the room B. room C. the room
13. I like the song __________ by a famous singer.
A. sing B. sung C. singing
14. She has a __________ cat.
A. black small B. small black C. small and black
15. The film __________ is very interesting.
A. we watched yesterday B. yesterday we watched C. watched we yesterday
2. 判断定语位置是否正确(正确写T,错误写F并改正)
16. a farm rice → __________
17. a trip exciting → __________
18. the girl under the tree → __________
19. a book old → __________
20. the house near the lake → __________
(三)综合层(10题 )
1. 句型转换(给下列名词加定语,使句子更具体)
21. She has a dog. → She has a __________ dog __________.
22. We took a trip. → We took a __________ trip __________.
23. He bought a pen. → He bought a __________ pen __________.
2. 短文填空(用合适的定语完成短文)
Jack joined a __________ (24. 户外的) activity last week. It was a trip __________ (25. 去一个果园). They learned to pick __________ (26. 新鲜的) fruits. The farmer __________ (27. 戴帽子的) taught them skills. In the evening, they had a meal __________ (28. 用自己摘的水果). Jack said the fruit tasted __________ (29. 更甜的) than usual. He realized the food __________ (30. 在餐桌上的) came from hard work.
五、习题答案及解析
(一)基础层答案及解析
1. 修饰的名词:day;定语:tiring(形容词作定语)
2. 修饰的名词:farm;定语:in the countryside(介词短语作定语)
3. 修饰的名词:book;定语:on the desk(介词短语作定语)
4. 修饰的名词:dress;定语:red(形容词作定语)
5. 修饰的名词:house;定语:near the river(介词短语作定语)
6. beautiful(形容词作前位定语)
7. about farm life(介词短语作后位定语)
8. lovely(形容词作前位定语)
9. in blue(介词短语作后位定语)
10. of my family(介词短语作后位定语)
(二)进阶层答案及解析
11. C(two-hour是复合形容词,作前位定语,修饰meeting)
12. A(in the room是介词短语,作后位定语,修饰boy)
13. B(sung是过去分词,作后位定语,修饰song)
14. B(多个形容词作定语,顺序为“大小+颜色”,即small black)
15. A(we watched yesterday是从句,作后位定语,修饰film)
16. F;改正:a rice farm(名词作前位定语)
17. F;改正:an exciting trip(形容词作前位定语)
18. T(under the tree是介词短语,作后位定语)
19. F;改正:an old book(形容词作前位定语)
20. T(near the lake是介词短语,作后位定语)
(三)综合层答案及解析
21. 示例:cute; in the garden(cute是形容词作前位定语,in the garden是介词短语作后位定语)
22. 示例:wonderful; to the mountains(wonderful是形容词作前位定语,to the mountains是介词短语作后位定语)
23. 示例:black; with a blue cap(black是形容词作前位定语,with a blue cap是介词短语作后位定语)
24. outdoor(形容词作前位定语,修饰activity)
25. to an orchard(介词短语作后位定语,修饰trip)
26. fresh(形容词作前位定语,修饰fruits)
27. in a hat(介词短语作后位定语,修饰farmer)
28. with the fruits they picked(介词短语作后位定语,修饰meal)
29. sweeter(形容词比较级作前位定语,修饰fruit)
30. on the table(介词短语作后位定语,修饰food)
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