专题四 语法填空 考法一 有提示词 第1讲 提示词为动词 练习 2026届高三英语二轮复习

专题四　语法填空 考法一　有提示词类 第1讲　提示词为动词 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 【辨明题类】 若分句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。 【技法点拨】 技法1　分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，可以采用以下技法确定时态： 1．句中有标志性的时间状语时，应根据时间状语考虑用相应的时态。 ①看到often, usually, always, every time, sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。 ②看到yesterday, then, last year, in＋过去的时间点，the other day, ...days ago，一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到通常用一般过去时。 ③看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。 ④看到at this moment, at present, now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。 ⑤看到since, recently, lately, already, in the last/past...years, so far, ever since...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。 ⑥看到by then, by＋过去的时间点等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。 (2025·重庆市高三一模)Since then, pizza (take) the world by storm. 2．提示词与句中的另一个谓语动词存在并列关系，可以考虑时态一致。 ①可根据并列连词and, but, or, rather than, neither...nor..., not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 ②同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态和语态要保持一致。 (2025·重庆市高三一模)After receiving it, Su Shi instructed his family to cut the meat into cubes, burned red and crisp, and then (distribute) it to the migrant workers participating in the dredging of the West Lake to eat. 3．句中没有标志性的时间状语，考虑根据语境确定相应时态。 (2025·吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州高三一模)Eating tangyuan (symbolize) the unity of the family and anticipates a happy life. 4．分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语，且该句是固定句式时，考虑用相应的时态。平时要积累并熟记以下常用句式： ①sb.was/were doing sth.when sb.did... ②sb.had(just) done sth.when sb.did... ③This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb.had done... ④祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 ⑤It's(high) time that sb.did/should do sth. (2025·黑龙江省示范性高中专业委员会高三一模)Kale, excited to be part of the Gala, said it was the first time that he (celebrate) Chinese New Year in China and that it was his animal year as he was born in 1989. 技法2　分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，可以采用以下技法确定语态： 1．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，与主语之间是主动关系时，应考虑用主动语态，若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。 (2025·贵州省黔东南州高三一模)The game has a minimal learning curve and can (pick) up in a single session. 2．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，且表示的是主语所具有的特征时，应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。 (2025·广东省湛江市高三一模)The Central Axis (date) back to the Yuan Dynasty, while its length was extended in the Ming and Qing dynasties. 技法3　分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，可以采用以下技法确定主谓一致： 1．考虑语法一致原则确定主谓一致。 ①由分数、百分数或者some, a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。 ②主语后有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。 (2025·福建省厦门市高三一模)This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, (design) scientifically to control the water flow throughout the year. 2．考虑就近一致原则确定主谓一致 ①主语由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接时，要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。 ②there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 (2025·四川省达州市高三二模)“In Derung dialect, the expression ‘naze naze’ or ‘no hurry’ (use) to comfort both oneself and others during tasks that require time and care, like weaving，” says Liu. 3．考虑意义一致原则确定主谓一致 ①可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 ②集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；看作个体时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ③由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。 ④非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 (2025·湘豫名校联考高三二模)Respecting teachers and valuing education (be) traditions of the Chinese nation. 【真题体验】 1．(2025·浙江1月卷)The concept (be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 2．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“The players' personalities (reveal) during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent，” she adds. 3．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)A decent winner always (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side. 4．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes (be) one of them. 5．(2025·北京卷)By the time you brushed your teeth, you (make) several decisions even without noticing. 6．(2025·北京卷)Usually, better outcomes (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 7．(2025·北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 8．(2024·浙江1月卷)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes (offer) in smaller packs. 9．(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份)． 10．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 11．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be)also Shakespeare's concerns. 12．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 13．(2024·全国甲卷)They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 14．(2024·全国甲卷)What should (do) with such a beautiful place? 15．(2023·浙江1月卷)Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 16．(2023·浙江1月卷)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子)． 17．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 18．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing. 19．(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable(remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 20．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 非谓语动词 【辨明题类】 所给提示词是动词时，若分句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，则要考虑非谓语动词。此时需要确定非谓语动词的形式以及与逻辑主语的主被动关系，也可以借助固定结构进行解题。 【技法点拨】 技法1　提示词为动词作非谓语时，根据句法功能确定非谓语动词的形式： 1．提示词在句中作目的状语、意料之外的结果或者形容词后作状语时，应考虑用不定式。 (2025·广东省大湾区高三一模)This was best seen in the two longest-serving capitals of Luoyang and Chang'an, which were laid out with wide avenues (林荫道) and smaller streets crossing each other at 90-degree angles (create) a carpet of precise shape of squares. 2．提示词在句中作时间、伴随、条件、意料之中的结果、方式等状语时，应考虑用现在分词或过去分词。 (2025·河南省安阳市高三一模)You had better not visit Mount Wudang during the hot and humid summer months as the temperatures can be very high, (make) outdoor activities challenging. 3．提示词在句中作主语或宾语时，要考虑用动名词或不定式。 (2025·贵州省六盘水市高三一模)Chengdu is just as busy as any city struggling (become) as wealthy as it can be. 技法2　提示词为动词作非谓语时，根据逻辑关系确定非谓语动词形式： 1．提示词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系时，考虑用非谓语动词的主动形式。 (2025·安徽省滁州市高三一模)On the Olympic stage, these young people uphold the proud traditions of Chinese sports while showcasing a new image of a confident and open China, (demonstrate) the deep integration of Chinese values with the Olympic spirit—it's not just about being faster, higher, stronger, but about embracing sports with a positive attitude as well. 2．提示词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，考虑用非谓语动词的被动形式。 (2025·安徽省马鞍山市高三一模)As a signature part of Chinese culture, the Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festivals (practice) in China and around the world. 技法3　提示词为动词作非谓语时，根据固定用法确定非谓语动词形式： 1．提示词在介词之后或在只接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)后，应考虑用动名词。 (2025·广东省茂名市高三一模)The process involves (place) small, square herbal plasters or bandages on various areas of the back and neck. 2．提示词在只接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)后，应考虑用不定式。 (2025·广东省江门市高三一模)As a Nanjing native, Zhu feels a deep connection to her topics and aims (express) her observations and thoughts through her videos. 3．提示词在只接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)后，应考虑用不定式。 (2025·安徽省“江南十校”联考高三一模)The policy not only brings convenience for foreign travelers but also invites them (experience) everyday life in China. 【真题体验】 1．(2025·北京卷)I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone (scare)． 2．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 3．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day, well, you're missing out on one of life's wonders. 4．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“We hope (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” 5．(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution(solve) to one-time event dressing. 6．(2025·浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for people's(people) lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says. 7．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 8．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 9．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed (find)the connection between the two great writers. 10．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” 11．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional (function) structure that is also beautiful. 12．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 13．(2024·浙江1月卷)However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. 14．(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started (start) selling chicken or salad in packs (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份)． 15．(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround)in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 16．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 17．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 18．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. 19．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their (they) contents. 20．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time. 21．(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads. 22．(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 23．(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered. 24．(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 25．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 26．(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (intend) for everyone. 动词的派生 【辨明题类】 提示词为动词时，通过分析句子成分，若不需要提示词保持动词词性则需要对提示词进行词性转换，根据所作语法功能不同分别派生为名词、形容词或副词。 【技法点拨】 1．需要对提示词进行词性转换时，派生出来的词若在句子中充当主语、宾语，多应考虑转换成名词。 (2025·云南省昆明市高三一模)It presented a perfect (combine) of graceful skating, high-speed race, acrobatics (杂技), and theatrical dance. 词形式combination符合题意，意为“结合”。 2．需要对提示词进行词性转换时，派生出来的词若在句子中充当表语、定语，多应考虑转换形容词。 (2025·云南省昆明市高三一模)Traditionally, the sport was displayed on (freeze) rivers and lakes. 3．需要对提示词进行词性转换时，派生出来的词若在句子中充当状语，多应考虑转换成副词。 (2025·广东省汕头市高三一模)Despite its name, the red panda is not (close) related to the giant panda but shares similar habitats and a diet primarily consisting of bamboo leaves and shoots. 【真题体验】 1．(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive (solve) to one-time event dressing. 2．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ (guide)’ till they lose，” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 3．(2024·浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the (criticize) that they lead to waste. 4．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays (close) to protect the plants. 5．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident (confidence) speaking English. 6．(2023·全国甲卷)However, Carson's theme is a more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction. A (2025·河南省百师联盟高三二模) The list of happiest cities in China in 2024 was released at the Happy Cities of China Forum 2024 held in Shanghai and Changsha, 1.　　　　 provincial city of Hunan Province, was rated as one of the happiest cities in China for 2024, 2.　　　　(hold) the title for 17 years in a row.And it's easy 3.　　　　(understand) why—it has one of the most exciting nightlife and street food scenes in China.After sampling some black stinky tofu and fish head 4.　　　　(top) with duo jiao on Pozijie, travelers can head to Huangxing Road Walking street, 5.　　　　 integrates shopping, entertainment, cultural tourism and other functions. Changsha is a city of boundless passion.Wuyi Square in downtown Changsha is 6.　　　　(frequent) crowded with tourists.With booming entertainment and cultural industries, Changsha has become a 7.　　　　(sleep) city known for its wonderful nightlife. From bronze instruments of the Shang Dynasty to fascinating archaeological findings from the Mawangdui tombs of the Han Dynasty, Changsha 8.　　　　(develop) brilliant culture passed on from generation to generation for some 3,000 years.Building on Hunan culture, which stresses practicality, Changsha has done a fantastic job of bringing a millennia-old local culture 9.　　　　 life, inspiring cultural innovation.Changsha people have maintained their culture with efforts and 10.　　　　(persevere), and today they are characterizing modern Changsha with ambition and bravery. B (2025·辽宁省葫芦岛市高三一模) The annual Champions of the Earth Award, the UN's highest environmental honor, recognizes pioneers making efforts to protect the people and the planet.122 recipients(接受者) of the award have been honored for outstanding and inspirational environmental leadership 1.　　　　 2005. Chinese scientist Lu Qi 2.　　　　(award) the title of 2024 Champions of the Earth of Science and Innovation for his contributions to 3.　　　　(address) desertification(沙漠化), land degradation and drought last Tuesday. Lu is the chief scientist of the Chinese Academy of Forestry as well as 4.　　　　 founding president of the Institute of Great Green Wall.He is the first Chinese 5.　　　　 has been honored in this category.According to the report, Lu has played a key role in carrying out the world's largest afforestation(造林) project 6.　　　　 in establishing expert research networks and partnerships.This award is the highest 7.　　　　(recognize) and greatest encouragement for China's forestry and grassland efforts, especially for the scientists and technologists 8.　　　　(devote) to sand control. Lu said the Champions of the Earth Award would inspire more scientists and ecological workers, particularly younger generations, to contribute their time 9.　　　　(active) to global environmental protection and the achievement of the UN's 2030 Goals.Lu also expressed a desire to see more 10.　　　　(effect) and adaptable desertification control technologies shared globally through initiatives such as China's Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Development Initiative. C (2025·云南省曲靖市高三一模) For decades, China's internal migration 1.　　　　(see) hundreds of millions of move from rural areas to cities in search of opportunity, but now a growing number of young urbanites are reversing(扭转) this trend, 2.　　　　(draw) to the countryside by new prospects in revitalized(充满活力的) rural communities. Liu Xiabing left Guangdong to return to her rural hometown, with the aim of reviving her family's declining bamboo weaving business. Bamboo weaving has long been the backbone of Xiamu village in the southern Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.However, the 2008 financial crisis led to 3.　　　　 sharp decline in export orders, 4.　　　　(leave) warehouses(仓库) filled with unsold goods and nearly paralyzing the bamboo trade. Determined 5.　　　　(breathe) new life into the tradition, the 33-year-old returned full of 6.　　　　(innovate) ideas.Her contemporary twist on the ancient craft led to the 7.　　　　(create) of fresh products, like pet houses and play structures, 8.　　　　 quickly gained popularity among younger buyers.Embracing China's flourishing influencer economy(网红经济), Liu launched an online store and started livestreaming on Douyin, the Chinese version of TikTok. Her strategy paid off, with annual 9.　　　　(sale) reaching nearly 6 million yuan (about $841,432) at their peak.Liu's success reflects a broader trend—many young Chinese are turning to social media platforms to promote unique rural products, ranging 10.　　　　 beef jerky to potted plants. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题四　语法填空 考法一　有提示词类 第1讲　提示词为动词 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 【辨明题类】 若分句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。 【技法点拨】 技法1　分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，可以采用以下技法确定时态： 1．句中有标志性的时间状语时，应根据时间状语考虑用相应的时态。 ①看到often, usually, always, every time, sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。 ②看到yesterday, then, last year, in＋过去的时间点，the other day, ...days ago，一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到通常用一般过去时。 ③看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。 ④看到at this moment, at present, now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。 ⑤看到since, recently, lately, already, in the last/past...years, so far, ever since...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。 ⑥看到by then, by＋过去的时间点等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。 (2025·重庆市高三一模)Since then, pizza (take) the world by storm. 【答案】　has taken 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“Since then”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，且主语pizza是单数，助动词应用has。 2．提示词与句中的另一个谓语动词存在并列关系，可以考虑时态一致。 ①可根据并列连词and, but, or, rather than, neither...nor..., not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 ②同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态和语态要保持一致。 (2025·重庆市高三一模)After receiving it, Su Shi instructed his family to cut the meat into cubes, burned red and crisp, and then (distribute) it to the migrant workers participating in the dredging of the West Lake to eat. 【答案】　distributed 【解析】　考查时态。空处作句子的谓语，根据“instructed”或“burned”可知，时态为一般过去时。 3．句中没有标志性的时间状语，考虑根据语境确定相应时态。 (2025·吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州高三一模)Eating tangyuan (symbolize) the unity of the family and anticipates a happy life. 【答案】　symbolizes 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语，根据上下文可知，时态为一般现在时；主语为eating tangyuan，单数，和动词symbolize之间为主动关系。 4．分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语，且该句是固定句式时，考虑用相应的时态。平时要积累并熟记以下常用句式： ①sb.was/were doing sth.when sb.did... ②sb.had(just) done sth.when sb.did... ③This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb.had done... ④祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 ⑤It's(high) time that sb.did/should do sth. (2025·黑龙江省示范性高中专业委员会高三一模)Kale, excited to be part of the Gala, said it was the first time that he (celebrate) Chinese New Year in China and that it was his animal year as he was born in 1989. 【答案】　had celebrated 【解析】　考查时态。it was the first time that是固定句型，that从句中用过去完成时，因此空格处是had celebrated。 技法2　分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，可以采用以下技法确定语态： 1．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，与主语之间是主动关系时，应考虑用主动语态，若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。 (2025·贵州省黔东南州高三一模)The game has a minimal learning curve and can (pick) up in a single session. 【答案】　be picked 【解析】　考查语态。动词pick与主语The game构成被动关系，所以用被动语态，情态动词can后接动词原形。 2．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，且表示的是主语所具有的特征时，应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。 (2025·广东省湛江市高三一模)The Central Axis (date) back to the Yuan Dynasty, while its length was extended in the Ming and Qing dynasties. 【答案】　dates 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The Central Axis，谓语用第三人称单数形式。 技法3　分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，可以采用以下技法确定主谓一致： 1．考虑语法一致原则确定主谓一致。 ①由分数、百分数或者some, a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。 ②主语后有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。 (2025·福建省厦门市高三一模)This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, (design) scientifically to control the water flow throughout the year. 【答案】　was designed 【解析】　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述过去的事，与主语为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou，谓语动词应与This famous attraction保持一致。 2．考虑就近一致原则确定主谓一致 ①主语由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接时，要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。 ②there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 (2025·四川省达州市高三二模)“In Derung dialect, the expression ‘naze naze’ or ‘no hurry’ (use) to comfort both oneself and others during tasks that require time and care, like weaving，” says Liu. 【答案】　is used 【解析】　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是谓语动词，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，expression与use之间是被动关系。 3．考虑意义一致原则确定主谓一致 ①可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 ②集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；看作个体时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ③由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。 ④非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 (2025·湘豫名校联考高三二模)Respecting teachers and valuing education (be) traditions of the Chinese nation. 【答案】　are 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语Respecting teachers and valuing education是两个动名词短语作主语，是复数，谓语用复数形式。 【真题体验】 1．(2025·浙江1月卷)The concept (be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 【答案】　is 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。本句系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。 2．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“The players' personalities (reveal) during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent，” she adds. 【答案】　are revealed 【解析】　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players' personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。 3．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)A decent winner always (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side. 【答案】　tries 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try的第三人称单数。 4．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes (be) one of them. 【答案】　is 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数。 5．(2025·北京卷)By the time you brushed your teeth, you (make) several decisions even without noticing. 【答案】　had made 【解析】　考查时态。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时。 6．(2025·北京卷)Usually, better outcomes (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【答案】　are achieved 【解析】　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。 7．(2025·北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】　left 【解析】　考查时态。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。 8．(2024·浙江1月卷)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes (offer) in smaller packs. 【答案】　be offered 【解析】　考查语态。动词offer和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。 9．(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份)． 【答案】　have started 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。 10．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【答案】　walks 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。walk sb.through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 11．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be)also Shakespeare's concerns. 【答案】　were 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，时态为一般过去时；主语为some of the things，复数。 12．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 【答案】　was built 【解析】　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语Two years later可知，时态为一般过去时；主语为a six-meter-tall pavilion，单数，和动词build之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。 13．(2024·全国甲卷)They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【答案】　were 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent可知，时态为一般过去时。 14．(2024·全国甲卷)What should (do) with such a beautiful place? 【答案】　be done 【解析】　考查语态。主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，前面有情态动词should。 15．(2023·浙江1月卷)Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 【答案】　were permitted 【解析】　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，对过去事实的陈述，应用一般过去时。 16．(2023·浙江1月卷)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子)． 【答案】　featured 【解析】　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，应用一般过去时。 17．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【答案】　wished 【解析】　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知应用一般过去时。 18．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】　was amazed 【解析】　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词，根据“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing”可知，用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。 19．(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable(remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【答案】　means 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，时态为一般现在时；主语为development，单数，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 20．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】　be employed 【解析】　考查语态。从句主语“a simple lyric form”与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。 非谓语动词 【辨明题类】 所给提示词是动词时，若分句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，则要考虑非谓语动词。此时需要确定非谓语动词的形式以及与逻辑主语的主被动关系，也可以借助固定结构进行解题。 【技法点拨】 技法1　提示词为动词作非谓语时，根据句法功能确定非谓语动词的形式： 1．提示词在句中作目的状语、意料之外的结果或者形容词后作状语时，应考虑用不定式。 (2025·广东省大湾区高三一模)This was best seen in the two longest-serving capitals of Luoyang and Chang'an, which were laid out with wide avenues (林荫道) and smaller streets crossing each other at 90-degree angles (create) a carpet of precise shape of squares. 【答案】　to create 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。 2．提示词在句中作时间、伴随、条件、意料之中的结果、方式等状语时，应考虑用现在分词或过去分词。 (2025·河南省安阳市高三一模)You had better not visit Mount Wudang during the hot and humid summer months as the temperatures can be very high, (make) outdoor activities challenging. 【答案】　making 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。此处make是非谓语动词，空后内容是前句“the temperatures can be very high”造成的自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。 3．提示词在句中作主语或宾语时，要考虑用动名词或不定式。 (2025·贵州省六盘水市高三一模)Chengdu is just as busy as any city struggling (become) as wealthy as it can be. 【答案】　to become 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，用不定式作宾语。 技法2　提示词为动词作非谓语时，根据逻辑关系确定非谓语动词形式： 1．提示词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系时，考虑用非谓语动词的主动形式。 (2025·安徽省滁州市高三一模)On the Olympic stage, these young people uphold the proud traditions of Chinese sports while showcasing a new image of a confident and open China, (demonstrate) the deep integration of Chinese values with the Olympic spirit—it's not just about being faster, higher, stronger, but about embracing sports with a positive attitude as well. 【答案】　demonstrating 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。主语these young people与动词demonstrate之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式作伴随状语。 2．提示词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，考虑用非谓语动词的被动形式。 (2025·安徽省马鞍山市高三一模)As a signature part of Chinese culture, the Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festivals (practice) in China and around the world. 【答案】　practiced 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰festivals，festivals和practice为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。 技法3　提示词为动词作非谓语时，根据固定用法确定非谓语动词形式： 1．提示词在介词之后或在只接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)后，应考虑用动名词。 (2025·广东省茂名市高三一模)The process involves (place) small, square herbal plasters or bandages on various areas of the back and neck. 【答案】　placing 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。involve doing sth.为固定短语，含义为“涉及做某事”，动名词作宾语。 2．提示词在只接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)后，应考虑用不定式。 (2025·广东省江门市高三一模)As a Nanjing native, Zhu feels a deep connection to her topics and aims (express) her observations and thoughts through her videos. 【答案】　to express 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。express为动词，表示“表达”，由谓语动词“aims”可知，应用其非谓语动词形式；动词短语aim to do sth.表示“旨在做某事、指望做某事”。 3．提示词在只接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)后，应考虑用不定式。 (2025·安徽省“江南十校”联考高三一模)The policy not only brings convenience for foreign travelers but also invites them (experience) everyday life in China. 【答案】　to experience 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。设空处作宾语补足语，invite sb.to do sth.表示“邀请某人做某事”。 【真题体验】 1．(2025·北京卷)I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone (scare)． 【答案】　scared 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。have sb.done表示“使某人被……”，someone与scare之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。 2．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 【答案】　to discover 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词，chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”，本空用不定式，作定语。 3．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day, well, you're missing out on one of life's wonders. 【答案】　left 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。 4．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“We hope (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” 【答案】　to present 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。 5．(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution(solve) to one-time event dressing. 【答案】　to rent 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。“for women (rent)”作后置定语，修饰名词词组fashion clothes，意为“女性租赁的衣服”，用不定式短语作后置定语，主动表被动。 6．(2025·浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for people's(people) lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says. 【答案】　returning 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。根据句意，表示“意味着……”，用固定搭配mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语。 7．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 【答案】　to catch 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth.表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语。 8．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 【答案】　inspired 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作后置定语，被修饰词a six-meter-tall pavilion和动词inspire之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。 9．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed (find)the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】　to find 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作形容词amazed后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。 10．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” 【答案】　Recalling 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作状语，主语Edmondson和动词recall之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。 11．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional (function) structure that is also beautiful. 【答案】　engineering 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。空处修饰空后的名词techniques，在句中作定语，说明名词的作用，应用动名词engineering。engineering techniques意为“工程技术”。 12．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【答案】　to give 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。 13．(2024·浙江1月卷)However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. 【答案】　to benefit 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用不定式作目的状语。 14．(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started (start) selling chicken or salad in packs (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份)． 【答案】　designed 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。动词design和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。 15．(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround)in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 【答案】　surrounded 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，was是谓语动词，空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。 16．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 【答案】　visiting 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应用现在分词形式作定语。 17．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 【答案】　to bite 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语。 18．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. 【答案】　recognized 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。空处在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作定语。 19．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their (they) contents. 【答案】　to be lifted 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，需用动词不定式的被动式。 20．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time. 【答案】　wanting 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。此处是“leave sb.＋宾语补足语”结构，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词形式。 21．(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads. 【答案】　built 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作定语，表示“精心建造的”，和被修饰词system of ring roads之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。 22．(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】　Having visited 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，和主语I之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，空处用现在分词的完成时形式。置于句首，首字母大写。 23．(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered. 【答案】　recording 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，用动名词形式。 24．(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【答案】　to teach 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词have told，所以用非谓语动词形式。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。 25．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】　borrowing 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词begins，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。 26．(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (intend) for everyone. 【答案】　intended 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。be intended for...“打算为……所用”，所以用过去分词形式作定语。 动词的派生 【辨明题类】 提示词为动词时，通过分析句子成分，若不需要提示词保持动词词性则需要对提示词进行词性转换，根据所作语法功能不同分别派生为名词、形容词或副词。 【技法点拨】 1．需要对提示词进行词性转换时，派生出来的词若在句子中充当主语、宾语，多应考虑转换成名词。 (2025·云南省昆明市高三一模)It presented a perfect (combine) of graceful skating, high-speed race, acrobatics (杂技), and theatrical dance. 【答案】　combination 【解析】　考查名词。空处作presented的宾语，被perfect修饰，combine的名词形式combination符合题意，意为“结合”。 2．需要对提示词进行词性转换时，派生出来的词若在句子中充当表语、定语，多应考虑转换形容词。 (2025·云南省昆明市高三一模)Traditionally, the sport was displayed on (freeze) rivers and lakes. 【答案】　frozen 【解析】　考查形容词。空处修饰rivers and lakes作定语，freeze的形容词形式frozen符合题意，意为“冰封的，冰冻的”。 3．需要对提示词进行词性转换时，派生出来的词若在句子中充当状语，多应考虑转换成副词。 (2025·广东省汕头市高三一模)Despite its name, the red panda is not (close) related to the giant panda but shares similar habitats and a diet primarily consisting of bamboo leaves and shoots. 【答案】　closely 【解析】　考查副词。此处需要使用副词作状语，修饰形容词related，close的副词形式为“closely”意为“密切地”。 【真题体验】 1．(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive (solve) to one-time event dressing. 【答案】　solution 【解析】　考查名词。提示词作宾语，用名词solution，意为“解决方案”，有冠词a修饰，用单数形式。 2．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ (guide)’ till they lose，” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 【答案】　guidance 【解析】　考查名词。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。 3．(2024·浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the (criticize) that they lead to waste. 【答案】　criticism 【解析】　考查名词。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism作宾语。 4．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays (close) to protect the plants. 【答案】　closed 【解析】　考查形容词。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”。 5．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident (confidence) speaking English. 【答案】　arrival 【解析】　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应用名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。 6．(2023·全国甲卷)However, Carson's theme is a more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction. 【答案】　warning 【解析】　考查名词。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。 A (2025·河南省百师联盟高三二模) The list of happiest cities in China in 2024 was released at the Happy Cities of China Forum 2024 held in Shanghai and Changsha, 1.　　　　 provincial city of Hunan Province, was rated as one of the happiest cities in China for 2024, 2.　　　　(hold) the title for 17 years in a row.And it's easy 3.　　　　(understand) why—it has one of the most exciting nightlife and street food scenes in China.After sampling some black stinky tofu and fish head 4.　　　　(top) with duo jiao on Pozijie, travelers can head to Huangxing Road Walking street, 5.　　　　 integrates shopping, entertainment, cultural tourism and other functions. Changsha is a city of boundless passion.Wuyi Square in downtown Changsha is 6.　　　　(frequent) crowded with tourists.With booming entertainment and cultural industries, Changsha has become a 7.　　　　(sleep) city known for its wonderful nightlife. From bronze instruments of the Shang Dynasty to fascinating archaeological findings from the Mawangdui tombs of the Han Dynasty, Changsha 8.　　　　(develop) brilliant culture passed on from generation to generation for some 3,000 years.Building on Hunan culture, which stresses practicality, Changsha has done a fantastic job of bringing a millennia-old local culture 9.　　　　 life, inspiring cultural innovation.Changsha people have maintained their culture with efforts and 10.　　　　(persevere), and today they are characterizing modern Changsha with ambition and bravery. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章是关于中国最幸福城市之一——长沙的介绍，涵盖了其夜生活、文化、历史以及现代发展。 【解析】 1．the　考查冠词。此处特指长沙是湖南的省会，应该使用定冠词修饰可数名词city。 2．holding　考查非谓语动词。句子中已经存在谓语was rated，所以hold需要转化为非谓语，它与逻辑主语“长沙”之间是主动关系，需用现在分词作结果状语。 3．to understand　考查非谓语动词。it is easy to do sth.是固定句式，表示“做某事很容易”。不定式作主语。 4．topped　考查非谓语动词。top在这里作为动词，意思是“把(某物)放在……的上面”，句子中已经存在谓语can head，所以top需要转化为非谓语动词，它与逻辑主语fish head之间是被动关系，需用过去分词形式作后置定语。 5．which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Huangxing Road Walking street，关系代词which在从句中作主语。 6．frequently　考查副词。frequent是个形容词，此处需变成副词去修饰谓语is crowded with。 7．sleepless　考查形容词。根据句意可知，长沙有很多娱乐产业，说明它是个不夜城，需要将sleep变成形容词sleepless“不眠的”，在句中作定语。 8．has developed　考查时态和主谓一致。develop在句中充当谓语，结合句意与“for some 3,000 years”可知，应该使用现在完成时，Changsha作主语，助动词用单数。 9．to　考查介词。bring...to life是固定短语，表示“使……复活，使……焕发生机”。 10．perseverance　考查名词。此空与efforts并列作介词with宾语，persevere是动词，意思是“坚持”，填其名词形式perseverance，不可数。 B (2025·辽宁省葫芦岛市高三一模) The annual Champions of the Earth Award, the UN's highest environmental honor, recognizes pioneers making efforts to protect the people and the planet.122 recipients(接受者) of the award have been honored for outstanding and inspirational environmental leadership 1.　　　　 2005. Chinese scientist Lu Qi 2.　　　　(award) the title of 2024 Champions of the Earth of Science and Innovation for his contributions to 3.　　　　(address) desertification(沙漠化), land degradation and drought last Tuesday. Lu is the chief scientist of the Chinese Academy of Forestry as well as 4.　　　　 founding president of the Institute of Great Green Wall.He is the first Chinese 5.　　　　 has been honored in this category.According to the report, Lu has played a key role in carrying out the world's largest afforestation(造林) project 6.　　　　 in establishing expert research networks and partnerships.This award is the highest 7.　　　　(recognize) and greatest encouragement for China's forestry and grassland efforts, especially for the scientists and technologists 8.　　　　(devote) to sand control. Lu said the Champions of the Earth Award would inspire more scientists and ecological workers, particularly younger generations, to contribute their time 9.　　　　(active) to global environmental protection and the achievement of the UN's 2030 Goals.Lu also expressed a desire to see more 10.　　　　(effect) and adaptable desertification control technologies shared globally through initiatives such as China's Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Development Initiative. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国最高环境荣誉“地球卫士奖”，讲述了中国科学家卢琦因在防治沙漠化等方面的贡献。 【解析】 1．since　考查介词。根据“‘122 recipients(接受者) of the award have been honored’”可知，句子用的是现在完成时，结合时间“2005”，描述的是从2005年持续到现在的行为，“2005”是时间起点，用介词since引导时间状语。 2．was awarded　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。award(授予)是谓语动词，与主语Chinese scientist Lu Qi之间是被动关系，结合时间状语last Tuesday可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 3．addressing　考查非谓语动词。to是介词，后接动词-ing形式作宾语。 4．the　考查冠词。此处特指“三北工程研究院的首任院长”，应用定冠词the限定。 5．that/who　考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the first Chinese，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词that或者who引导从句。 6．and　考查连词。carrying out the world's largest afforestation (造林) project和establishing expert research networks and partnerships是并列关系，应用连词and连接。 7．recognition　考查名词。此处在句中作表语，前面有最高级修饰，应用名词形式recognition，意为“认可”，是不可数名词。 8．devoted　考查形容词。8. (devote) to sand control作后置定语，修饰名词短语scientists and technologists，用形容词devoted。 9．actively　考查副词。此处修饰动词contribute，应用副词actively作状语，意为“积极地”。 10．effective　考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语desertification control technologies，应用形容词effective作定语，意为“有效的”。 C (2025·云南省曲靖市高三一模) For decades, China's internal migration 1.　　　　(see) hundreds of millions of move from rural areas to cities in search of opportunity, but now a growing number of young urbanites are reversing(扭转) this trend, 2.　　　　(draw) to the countryside by new prospects in revitalized(充满活力的) rural communities. Liu Xiabing left Guangdong to return to her rural hometown, with the aim of reviving her family's declining bamboo weaving business. Bamboo weaving has long been the backbone of Xiamu village in the southern Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.However, the 2008 financial crisis led to 3.　　　　 sharp decline in export orders, 4.　　　　(leave) warehouses(仓库) filled with unsold goods and nearly paralyzing the bamboo trade. Determined 5.　　　　(breathe) new life into the tradition, the 33-year-old returned full of 6.　　　　(innovate) ideas.Her contemporary twist on the ancient craft led to the 7.　　　　(create) of fresh products, like pet houses and play structures, 8.　　　　 quickly gained popularity among younger buyers.Embracing China's flourishing influencer economy(网红经济), Liu launched an online store and started livestreaming on Douyin, the Chinese version of TikTok. Her strategy paid off, with annual 9.　　　　(sale) reaching nearly 6 million yuan (about $841,432) at their peak.Liu's success reflects a broader trend—many young Chinese are turning to social media platforms to promote unique rural products, ranging 10.　　　　 beef jerky to potted plants. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国年轻人刘夏冰返乡复兴家族竹编生意的故事，反映了越来越多年轻人受乡村新前景吸引而返乡的趋势，并通过社交媒体平台推广独特的乡村产品。 【解析】 1．has seen　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语For decades可知，句子描述的是过去到现在一直持续的动作，所以应用现在完成时，且主语为China's internal migration，谓语动词用单数。 2．drawn　考查非谓语动词。句中are reversing为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，draw与逻辑主语young urbanites构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语。 3．a　考查冠词。decline为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且sharp为辅音音素开头的单词。 4．leaving　考查非谓语动词。led为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。 5．to breathe　考查非谓语动词。be determined to do sth.表示“决心做某事”。 6．innovative　考查形容词。修饰名词ideas应用形容词innovative，作定语。 7．creation　考查名词。此处应用名词creation作宾语，表示“创造”。 8．which　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fresh products，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which引导。 9．sales　考查名词。sale为可数名词，此处用复数形式表泛指。 10．from　考查介词。range from...to...为固定短语，表示“从……到……的范围”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $