题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（无锡专用）（中考真题+热点话题练）-2026年中考英语总复习(无锡专用)

题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (无锡专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 说明文,环境保护 2 较难 科普知识,说明文,情绪 3 较难 科普知识,说明文,常见动物 4 适中 信息技术,说明文,词句猜测,推理判断,细节理解 5 适中 说明文,科学技术 6 适中 说明文,发明与创造 7 适中 说明文,科学技术 8 适中 说明文,常见动物 9 适中 说明文,环境污染,词句猜测,观点态度,主旨大意,推理判断 10 较难 说明文,教育 11 较易 科普知识,说明文,意见/建议 12 适中 中华文化,说明文,教育 13 适中 科普知识,说明文,常见动物 14 适中 天体与宇宙,说明文,科学技术 15 适中 科普知识,说明文,常见动物 【中考真题】 Brazilian artist Vik Muniz uses everyday objects in unusual ways. Through his art, Muniz makes people think differently about their everyday lives-even their own rubbish. In 2007, Muniz worked on a two-year project at one of the world’s largest landfills. Until its closure in 2012, Jardim Gramacho received about 70 percent of the rubbish from Rio de Janeiro. About 3,000 rubbish pickers, known as catadores, worked there. Their job was to hunt through the rubbish for recyclable cans, bottles, and other materials. They then made money by selling the objects to recycling companies. The catadores’ work was dirty and dangerous, and most of them only received between $20 and $25 a day. Despite the hard conditions, many catadores were proud of their work. Valter Dos Santos, a worker at Jardim Gramacho for more than 25 years, told Muniz, “I am proud to be a picker. I try to explain to people that recycling prevents great harm to nature and the environment. People sometimes say, ‘But one single soda can?’ One single can is of great importance! That single can will make the difference.” Muniz became friends with Dos Santos and other catadores. They allowed him to take their photographs at the landfill, where they posed for artistic portraits. For example, Muniz photographed a landfill worker in the style of a famous French painting. The workers then helped Muniz create huge images of these photos on the floor of his workshop. They used materials from the landfill to add color and depth to the images. ________ Muniz says he wanted to “change the lives of people with the same materials they deal with every day.” A photograph of his recreation of the French painting sold for £28,000 ($50,000) at a London art auction. Muniz gave the money to the catadores workers’ organization. In 2010, a movie called Waste Land was made about Muniz’s project. The film received many awards and helped make people aware of the rubbish collectors’ lives. The catadores also began to see themselves differently. “Sometimes we see ourselves as so small,” says Irma, a cook at Gramacho, “but people out there see us as so big, so beautiful.” 1．Why did the writer mention Valter Dos Santos? A．To tell the story of a catador’s life. B．To describe the catadores’ hard conditions. C．To show the value of a catador’s work. D．To give an example of successful catadores. 2．What can we learn about Muniz’s photographs? A．They were all taken at the landfill. B．He spent a long time on each of them. C．They were only part of his unusual creation. D．He took them in the style of famous paintings. 3．Which of the following is the most suitable for ________? A．Why take such photos of these catadores? B．Why create such huge images using rubbish? C．How to help these people in a creative way? D．How to turn everyday objects into art pieces? 4．Which of the following shows the right order of the things that happened? a. A movie was made about Muniz’s project. b. Gramacho stopped receiving rubbish. c. Dos Santos started working at Gramacho. d. Muniz made friends with some catadores. A．d-c-b-a. B．c-d-b-a. C．d-c-a-b. D．c-d-a-b. A theory of emotion Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion. A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation. The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind. The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”. The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger. 1．What is the main finding of the new study? A．A new method of venting anger. B．A new method of reducing anger. C．Good activities to vent anger. D．Good activities to reduce anger. 2．What can we learn about calming activities? A．They can reduce feelings of anger. B．They can increase the heart rate. C．They are good for mind health. D．They are good for heart health. 3．According to Schachter and Singer’s theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid? A．You get the feeling of fear. B．You get the feeling of calm. C．Your heart beats fast. D．Your heart beats slowly. 4．The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________. They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 Pet parrots that are allowed to make video calls to other birds show signs of feeling less isolated, according to scientists. The study, which involved giving the birds a computer that they could use to make video calls, found that they began to engage in more social behaviors including preening, singing and playing. The birds were given a choice of which “friend” to call on a touchscreen computer and the study showed that the parrots that called other birds most often were the most popular choices. Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglas, of the University of Glasgow and a co-author of the study, said that video calls had helped many people feel less isolated in the last few years. She added, “There are 20 million parrots living in people’s homes in the USA, and we wanted to explore whether those birds might benefit (受益) from video calling too. If we gave them the chance to call other parrots, would they choose to do so, and would the experience benefit the parrots and their caregivers?” Their study of 18 pet parrots suggested that there were, indeed, benefits for the birds. In the wild, many species of parrots live in large groups, but as pets they are, kept alone or in a small group. Living alone can cause birds, to develop mental problems, which include rocking, walking back and forth, or self-harming behaviors such as feather-plucking. The parrots first learned to ring a bell and then touch a photo of another bird on the screen of a computer to make a call to that bird, with the help of their owners. In total the birds made 147 calls to each other during the study, while owners took detailed notes on the birds’ behavior and the researchers later reviewed the video footage. Jennifer Cunha of Northeastern University said that the parrots “seemed to know” that they were communicating with other birds. “All the bird owners in the study said they valued the experience, and would want to continue using the system with their parrots in the future,” she said. “I was quite surprised at so many different behaviors,” said Hirskyj-Douglas. “Some would sing, some would play around and go upside down, others would want to show another bird their toys.” 1．The main purpose of the study is to find out _________. A．if parrots can learn to make video calls B．if parrots can benefit from video calling C．why parrots can have so many benefits D．why parrots can develop mental problems 2．What can we learn about the pet parrots? A．Their way to communicate is singing. B．Most of them used to live in large groups. C．The most popular ones made most calls. D．They can make video calls by themselves. 3．Which word has the closest meaning to “isolated”? A．amazed B．calm C．scared D．lonely 4．The following paragraph can best go after ________. Video calling could reproduce some of the social benefits of living in a group, according to Rébecca Kleinberger, of Northeastern University and first author of the study. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 【热点话题练习】 When you open a certain mobile app, there’s usually an open-app advertisement that gets in your way. Some of these ads can send you to another app if you shake your phone a bit. And this has been causing heated discussion online recently. These open-app ads act like “doors”—no matter which app you open, you may always end up in those apps that have more ads. During online shopping festivals, for example, users are usually led to shopping apps like Taobao and JD． There are already a number of regulations (法规) on this problem. A regulation that came out in December 2022 gave specific rules for how these “shake-to-open” ads should operate. It said that the rotation angle (旋转角度) of the phone should be larger than 35 degrees, and the time spent shaking the phone should be longer than 3 seconds. Starting from May, the ads must have a clear button to let users to close them. However, putting these regulations into action can be difficult. The total number of apps is large, making it hard for authorities to look into every app. There were at least 2.59 million apps released (发布) in January and February alone, reported Nanfang Daily. However, this shouldn’t be the reason for the mobile apps to step out of these “lines” and take advantage. That way, what all the platforms really get is people’s complaints. Over 90 percent of users strongly dislike such open-app ads, according to the Jiangsu Consumer Council. Such ads hurt an app’s reputation (声誉) because fewer users may want to use them after being taken to other apps too many times. To get real recognition (认可) from users, the apps should respect their choices and provide them with ads that they can choose to click on only if they want to. 1．What does the phrase “gets in your way” mean in Paragraph 1? A．prevents you from entering the app B．leads you to another app C．forces you to buy something useless D．steals your personal information 2．According to the regulations, _________. A．ads in the apps should be totally stopped B．people don’t need to shake hard to open ads C．people should easily find where to close the ads D．apps with open-app ads will be closed 3．It is difficult to put these regulations into action because _________. A．It’s difficult to manage the app developers B．users really need these open-app ads C．apps have more new ways to present ads D．it’s hard to regulate a large number of apps 4．What is probably the writer’s opinion? A．More ads will give apps good reputations. B．Users mind products more than ads in apps. C．Apps should let users decide whether to open the ads D．Apps have earned too much money from open-app ads. In today’s world, digital technology is everywhere. From smartphones to computers, it has changed how we connect. However, some scientists have expressed concern that overusing digital devices could harm our brain health, especially as we age. This idea is sometimes called “digital dementia”, suggesting that depending too much on technology might weaken thinking skills. But is that really true for older people? A recent study from researchers in the USA offers a different and more hopeful view. The team analyzed data from more than 411,000 adults aged 50 and above. They checked how often these people used technology like computers, smartphones, and the Internet, and whether that was linked to changes in their cognitive(认知)health over time. The results were clear: regular technology use was connected with a lower risk of cognitive decline(衰退). In fact, the study found that those who often used technology had about 58% lower risk of memory loss or dementia compared to those who rarely used such devices. One possible explanation is that using technology often requires learning and adaptation(适应)—— whether it’s figuring out a new app, following online instructions, or even troubleshooting(检修)a device. These activities can act like mental exercise, helping to keep the brain active. Moreover, technology helps many older adults stay socially connected through messaging apps, video calls, and social media, which is also known to support cognitive health. Of course, not all screen time is equal. Mindlessly swiping through videos or spending hours on passive entertainment (被动式娱乐)may not provide the same benefits. What matters is how we use technology—— whether it encourages thinking, learning, or connecting. This study does not mean technology is a cure for aging-related brain changes, and more research is needed to understand the long-term effects. However, it suggests that in our increasingly digital world, using technology in thoughtful and active ways may be one useful part of maintaining brain health as we grow older. 1．According to the study, how does regular use of technology affect older adults’ brain health? A．It greatly increases the risk of dementia. B．It will weaken their memory and thinking skills. C．It is linked to a much lower risk of cognitive decline. D．It only helps if they stop using it after age 60. 2．Which of the technology activities would the author most probably recommend for brain health? A．Leaving a TV on in the background all day while doing housework. B．Using a smartphone app to learn a new language. C．Letting a family member manage online tasks for you. D．Spending hours swiping through TikTok videos. 3．Why does the author mention “mental exercise” in Paragraph 4? A．To encourage older people to do mental exercise more often. B．To suggest that using technology is better than physical exercise. C．To explain how active technology use is helpful to the brain. D．To argue that thinking is necessary to prevent old people from digital dementia. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To warn older people about the dangers of “digital dementia”. B．To encourage old people to use digital devices in our increasingly digital world. C．To show technology may help protect older adults’ brain health if used actively. D．To argue that technology is a cure for aging-related brain changes. In September 2025, China achieved another engineering wonder—the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge in Guizhou Province. Standing 625 meters above the river (taller than two Eiffel Towers stacked together), this bridge is the world’s highest and a symbol of China’s infrastructure (基建) strength. Key Facts Length: 2,890 meters (main span (跨径): 1,420 meters) Construction Time: 2022–2025 Challenge: Building at extreme heights with strong winds and Karst mountains (喀斯特). Engineering Marvels Workers faced challenges like controlling concrete temperatures and securing steep slopes (陡坡防护). The builders described the process of installing the main cables (缆绳) as “threading a needle 600 meters up in the air.” These main cables are strong enough to hold three “Liaoning” aircraft carriers, using China’s BeiDou satellite system for millimeter-level precision (精准). Impact (影响) on Life Before the bridge, crossing the canyon took about 2 hours by winding mountain roads. Now, it takes just 2 minutes! What’s more interesting is that this bridge is more than just a road. Guizhou is playing a bigger game, aiming to turn the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge into a world-class tourist landmark. This is a creative model known as “bridge-tourism integration,” where the bridge itself is the core attraction. This bridge also boosts local tourism, agriculture, and small businesses by connecting remote areas. In the future, it will connect bridge sightseeing, extreme sports, and tourist services, encouraging visitors not just to “pass through,” but to “fall in love” with the place. Guizhou now has over 30,000 bridges, including the world’s three tallest. Nearly half of the world’s top 100 highest bridges are located in Guizhou, earning it the nickname “World Bridge Museum.” The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge is part of the engineering wonder. China’s infrastructure focuses on technology and people’s needs. Therefore, the opening of the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge is more than just the birth of a new world record. It writes a new chapter of “turning chasms into roads” and becomes a mark of China’s speed and wisdom. 1．How tall is the Huajiang Bridge? A．2890 meters B．625 meters C．1420 meters D．600 meters 2．What does “bridge-tourism integration” mean? A．Using bridges for transport only. B．Connecting bridges with tourism attractions. C．Selling bridges as souvenirs. D．Boosts local tourism. 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of bridge construction in Guizhou. B．The difficulties in building the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge. C．The achievements and importance of the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge. D．The comparison between Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge and other bridges. Thirty years ago, China started to build its own navigation satellite system (卫星导航系统), Beidou. It took its name from the Big Dipper stars, which are the guiding light for people around the world. In 1994, China began making the Beidou navigation Satellite System (BDS), so it wouldn’t have to use navigation systems from other countries. It’s a lot safer this way. In 2020, after over 20 years of hard work, Beidou completed its global network. The achievement placed China among the group of countries with their own global navigation network. The US, Russia and the European Union are the other three. Beidou does not just show where you are. It’s also the first to let you send texts where there’s no phone signal (信号) or Internet. It has now been widely used in international rescue (救援) operations. “It can be of great help in earthquakes, when ground signals are completely cut off,” Chen Suzhen, head of the Blue Sky Rescue Team in Xiamen, told CGTN. On April 25, 2015, an earthquake hit Nepal. Lack of proper contact among international rescue teams created main problems in rescue operations.“Luckily, our team had BDS. With the short message service, I suggested that we should go to the remote areas where the situation was far worse. The BDS helped us a lot during the rescue. If every country uses the BDS, our future rescue operations will be far more effective,” Chen told CGTN. With 5G technology now in wide use, the “5G+BDS” will be widely applied in conditions that require fast speed, precise (精确的) location and navigation services. For example, the BDS can even help farmers in China by providing precise information for planting and monitoring, making farming smarter. The GPS and the BDS use the same way to find out position. We can see each satellite as the center of a ball, and its radius is the distance to the position. When there are three satellites, the position can be the two points where three balls meet. Compared with the GPS, the BDS provides navigation signals on multiple frequencies (多频信号) to improve service. The BDS is more than a system. It shows China’s power in science and technology. Now over 120 countries are using it. Wherever you are, Beidou is there to help you find your way. 1．The following sentence would best be placed at the beginning of ________. With its powerful performance, BDS is able to provide a series of services to meet different requirements. A．Paragraph 3 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6 2．Which of the following sentence has the closest meaning to “radius”? A．Half of the straight line between the centres of the two satellites. B．Half of the straight line between the centre of the ball and your position. C．A straight line between the centre of the ball and any point on its surface. D．A straight line between the centre of the satellite and the centre of the earth. 3．What can we learn about BDS? A．It was highly praised by foreigners during the rescue. B．It is used to help farmers plant crops in a modern way. C．It can help send messages when phone is out of power. D．It was widely used to meet different requirements in 2020. 4．The writing purpose of this passage is ________. A．to describe the history of Beidou system B．to explain the contributions of Beidou system C．to show how to find the way by Beidou system D．to introduce a kind of navigation satellite system—Beidou There’s nothing like having a best friend forever—that person who you can have fun with and talk to. July 30 is the International Day of Friendship. Maybe you can keep an eye out for a new friend to get to know. And while we’re talking about friends, don’t think humans are the only ones who know a thing or two about friendship. Check out these friendly animals in nature who help each other out. An elephant and an olive baboon (东非狒狒) can be friends? It sounds strange, but it’s true. You can find this pair of friends in the grasslands of Africa. This unusual pair helps each other out like any good friends would. The elephant uses its tusks or trunk to make a waterhole in the sand, and it lets the olive baboon have a drink from this well when it gets thirsty. In return, the baboon tells the elephant when danger is near. It climbs up to the treetops and calls out so its friend knows that it’s time to move on. In the sea world, the goby fish and the shrimp (虾虎鱼和虾) are famous for their friendship. While the shrimp provides a home for the goby fish, the goby fish provides a guidance service for the almost blind shrimp. You see, the goby has great eyesight and stays close to the shrimp. As the shrimp moves around, the shrimp is feeling the goby with its antennae from time to time to make sure it’s still there. If the goby senses danger, she will return to the home and the shrimp will follow. The langur monkey has a very good friendship with the chital deer (花鹿). While the langur monkey eats in a tree, it drops leaves to the ground. This is good for the deer because sometimes there’s not much food. The deer will follow the monkey and eat whatever food is dropped. And in return, when the monkey comes down from the tree, the deer will put its foot down heavily to tell the monkey if it senses danger.      “No man is an island.” No one can live a completely isolated life. Neither can animals. 1．How can an elephant help an olive baboon? A．By providing water. B．By providing a home. C．By providing protection. D．By providing information. 2．What do the olive baboon and the chital deer have in common? A．They have good eyesight. B．They warn their friends of danger. C．They have a good sense of smell. D．They live together with their friends. 3．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Most environmental pollution comes from humans and their inventions. The electric bulbs are thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time. However, too much of a good thing has started to influence the environment. Light pollution is influencing human health and wildlife behavior. There is a world-wide movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help. Light pollution problem became especially serious when the World Map of Night Sky Brightness was published in 2016. Large areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia are glowing with light, while only Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon are in total darkness. Artificial (人造的) light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm (生理节奏). An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin (褪黑素) production, which results in less sleep, headaches, stress and other health problems. Blue light, in particular, has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. It is found in cell phones and other computer devices, as well as in LEDs, the kinds of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency. Studies show that light pollution is also influencing animal behaviors, such as migration (迁徙) patterns and habitat formation. Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration lose their way, and often die. Even animals living under the deep sea may be influenced by underwater artificial lighting. Studies show that the artificial light is changing ocean ecosystems. The good news is that light pollution is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. People are required to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed and to close window blinds, shades, and curtains at night to keep light inside. 1．What does the underlined phrase “wreak havoc on” in Para. 3 probably mean? A．Improve greatly. B．Keep well. C．Manage strictly. D．Damage seriously. 2．According to the passage, which would the author agree with? A．Light pollution was first studied as a problem in 2016. B．Deep-sea environment can help animals avoid light pollution. C．Artificial light influences the sense of direction of animals. D．LEDs can be used more because of low cost and energy efficiency. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the control of light pollution? A．Uncertain. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Hopeful. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To call on people to reduce light pollution. B．To discuss good and bad points of artificial light. C．To give advice to protect the environment. D．To show future development of artificial light. ①Have you ever had a home visit from your teachers? In the past, home visits were an important way for teachers and parents to communicate. However, this tradition is becoming less popular now. Instead, new forms of home visits are becoming more common. ②A recent survey in Zhejiang Province asked 6,200 parents about home visits. Surprisingly, 85.5% of them said they disliked traditional home visits. Why? Many parents worry about privacy, and others feel it takes too much time to prepare. For teachers, they have great difficulty as well because they already manage heavy work pressure. Visiting every student’s home adds stress to their energy and time. ③While traditional home visits are fading, schools are finding creative ways to connect with families and keep communication strong. For example, Wang Hongjun, a school headmaster, believes home visits help build trust between families and schools. However, he thinks traditional visits need to be changed. Wang changed how the school communicates with families by holding parent-teacher meetings twice every term. Instead of long discussions, teachers provide a 30-minute summary (总结), followed by one-on-one meetings with subject teachers that last 15 to 20 minutes per parent. This saves time and helps make communication clearer and more purposeful. ④Schools are also creating “parent classrooms.” These are special groups where parents can join activities like book clubs or skill-building workshops. These activities help parents learn new things, which is also good their children’s growth. This idea not only improves the relationship between schools and families but also adds warmth and meaning to education. ⑤Some schools are testing even more flexible (灵活的) methods. In Shanghai, parents can choose between home visits or online meetings. A few schools even organize meetings in teahouses to make parents feel relaxed. “These new methods result in full communication and understanding between home and school,” a parent said. 1．Why do most surveyed parents in Zhejiang dislike traditional home visits? A．Because they find it hard to talk with every subject teacher at home. B．Because they are already under too much work and health pressure. C．Because they either value their privacy or find the preparation tiring. D．Because they think such communication is a waste of time and energy. 2．What is the new method used by Wang Hongjun’s school every term? A．Starting online classes for parents. B．Holding twice-a-term parent meetings. C．Paying home visits every week. D．Providing tearoom meetings with students. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Modern schools with online teaching. B．The development of traditional education. C．New ways of teacher-parent communication. D．The relationships between teachers and parents. ①Gossip is the information passed from one person to another about other people’s lives. You may think gossip is awful. Even dictionary entries suggest that it is often unkind or untrue. And yet this common idea is unreasonable. ②Firstly, a study by Robbins and Karan in 2019 shows that gossip common but much of it is just people sharing information. For their study, 467 people’s conversations were recorded. Robbins and Karan found that, on average, these people gossiped for 52 minutes a day, with three quarters of the time spent communicating non-evaluative (非评价性的) information. Only about 14 percent of the gossip was considered malicious, a much smaller percentage than the common idea suggests, although to be fair, that was double the percentage of positive (积极的) gossip. ③Scientists consider gossip to be an important reason why our ancestors (祖先) were able to stay alive. It helped spread important news, but more importantly, it provided information about who was trustworthy and who might not work well with others in a group. It allowed humans to build small communities with those who could be trusted, ensuring a greater chance of living. Today, it seems that not much has changed. Gossip still allows us to form relationships and find out who we can work with best. Gossip also explains the principles (行为准则) of our society. When we hear someone criticize (批评) a person’s behaviour, it is clear that such behaviour is unacceptable and should not be copied. ④Of course, these days, our world is changing the nature of gossip. Our networks are now larger, and some gossip can spread like wildfire. Our obsession (痴迷) with gossip about well-known people may seem unimportant to some, but it serves to bring people closer. Problems come up when gossip includes untrue information. This kind of gossip can destroy people’s lives. ⑤So scientists say that it’s important to share information that is unlikely to hurt others. If we fail to do this, people will see us as someone who can’t be trusted and may even avoid us. Similarly, gossiping to improve one’s own place in society is unacceptable. It’s best to share information that may act as a warning to others or encourage them to behave better. It’s these things that normally push people together rather than make them turn away from each other. 1．What does the word “malicious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Unimportant. B．Harmful. C．Meaningful. D．Interesting. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．We shouldn’t spend too much time gossiping. B．Gossiping to move up in society should be accepted. C．Gossip helps people build relationships today as well as in the past. D．In the past, people who liked gossiping were considered untrustworthy. 3．The following sentence would best be placed at the end of ________. That’s not to say we should pay attention to everything we hear, but it gives us direction. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss the influence of gossiping. B．To explain the reason why gossip is common. C．To remind people of the problems of gossiping. D．To guide people to be careful when gossiping. When it comes to Chinese literature works about a mother’s love, few can compete with Tang Dynasty poet Meng Jiao’s poem Song of the Travelling Son. The poem presents a mother who sews clothes for her son by hand. Bathed in candlelight, she also worries about his travel away from home. Meng’s description of the mother shows the composition of the earliest form of the Chinese character “劳”. Found on oracle bones (甲骨) from over 3, 000 years ago, it was made up of two characters. There was “火 (fire)” on top and “衣 (clothes)” below, with three dots (点) that look like stitches. The lower part was later replaced by “力 (strength)” and a form symbolizing a house appeared above. The Analytical Dictionary of Chinese Characters explains the form as “When a house is on fire, it takes hard work to, put it out.” While the form of the character has been simplified, its meaning has spread to refer to work, labor (劳动) or toil. It is also connected with feelings like tiredness. Since ancient times, Chinese society has looked down upon those who sponge off others. In modern times, the idea that “labor is glorious (光荣的)” has taken root. People who work hard and make great contributions to their community or country are respected as model workers. Since the 1980s, “劳” has become one of the five key qualities that China's education system seeks to cultivate in students, along with “德 (virtue)” “智 (intelligence)” “体 (physical fitness)” and “美 (appreciation for beauty)”. Primary and middle school students typically have at least one hour of “labor class” each week for labor knowledge and skills. However, cognitive (认知的) labor and manual (体力的) labor are not always considered equal. As ancient Chinese philosopher Mencius said, “Those who labor with their minds govern (统治), while those who labor with their strength are governed.” Throughout history, many Chinese writers have had pity on people who worked hard to survive as poor farmers. In his poem Watching the Wheat Harvest, famous poet Bai Juyi expressed his shame at taking hundreds of kilograms of grain every year as his pay without doing any farm work. No matter it is cognitive labor or manual labor, overwork can have serious results, which can cause illness or even death. To avoid such things, people are encouraged to achieve a balance between work and rest. 1．Which of the following is the earliest form of the Chinese character “劳” ? A． B． C． D． 2．What does the underlined phrase “sponge off” in Paragraph 3 mean in the passage? A．depend on B．laugh at C．care about D．learn from 3．What can you learn from the passage? A．Cognitive labor is considered to be equal to manual labor. B．The character “劳” meant getting tired in the very beginning. C．Chinese students are expected to have the five key qualities. D．Bai Juyi took grain every year as his pay without doing any farm work. 4．The main purpose of this passage is to _________. A．discuss the different types of labor in China B．explore the cultural meaning of labor in China C．introduce the history of the Chinese character “劳” D．compare ancient and modern Chinese literature works People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 1．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1? A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it. C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list. 2．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A． B． C． D． 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers Recently, a great scientific discovery amazed the world. Chinese scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the Moon, which could change how we think about living on the Moon in the future! They wrote about their discovery in a science magazine called The Innovation. Their discovery shows that by using lunar soil (月壤), scientists can create a lot of water on the Moon. In the past, missions to the Moon showed that there might be ice at the Moon’s north and south poles (极). However, there isn’t much water in lunar soil—only a little bit, like 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent, which makes it hard to find and use water there. So it’s difficult for people to expect to live on the Moon. The researchers, however, found something exciting, after studying the rocks and soil from the Moon brought back by the Chang’e-5 spacecraft. One of the exciting things they discovered is that lunar soil melts (融化) when it reaches over 1,000℃. When it begins to melt, it produces water vapor (蒸气). They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can give us 5.1g to 7.6g of water. So, if we had one ton of lunar soil, we could get between 51kg and 76kg of water. That’s enough to give drinking water to 50 people for one day! All in all, this research opens up new possibilities for finding water on the Moon. It’s important for future trips to the Moon and people who might live there someday. As we learn more about how to make water from lunar soil, we get closer to the dream of humans living on the Moon. This discovery could help make that dream come true! 1．Why does the writer mention the earlier research in Paragraph 2? A．To show that it was totally wrong. B．To compare it with the new discovery. C．To prove that there is no running water on the Moon. D．To explain why people wanted to live on the Moon before. 2．How much water may scientists get if they have 1,000g of lunar soil? A． B． C． D． 3．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the dream of humans living on the Moon? A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Surprised. D．Doubtful. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the text? A．Humans are the builders of the earth. B．Mistakes often help us find the truth. C．Scientific discoveries are continually moving forward. D．Future space exploration faces challenges and chances. To get a better idea of how far bees usually travel, researchers at Penn State worked to develop a way to follow bees. Bees are usually studied in a lab or near one. But the researchers wanted to develop a system that could work anywhere and be used by anyone. Researchers worked with engineers to create “AprilTags”, which are similar to QR codes (二维码). These codes are easy for cameras to find and read, even when the light isn’t good. They are smaller than a coin, and can be stuck on the back of bees without causing any harm. But sticking thousands of “AprilTags” was a lot of work. The researchers mainly studied young bees, tagging (贴标签) 600 of them every two weeks. Over the spring and summer, the researchers tagged over 32,000 bees spread across six different hives (蜂箱). By putting a camera powered by the sun and a tiny computer above the door to each hive, the researchers followed the tagged bees. They could show when each bee left the hive and when it returned. The new system gave the researchers a lot of information about the bees’ flying. They found that most trips outside the hive took between one and four minutes. The researchers thought these short trips were used for quick jobs like checking the weather. Even longer trips were shorter than 20 minutes. But about 34% of the bees took trips that lasted longer than two hours. The researchers said this could show that the bees were making longer trips to collect food. The researchers noticed that the bees spent more time out collecting when there were fewer flowers around. Researchers know that bees use a special “dance” to communicate with each other about where to collect food. Now the researchers want to see how their new findings match up with the special dance. They plan to teach beekeepers and other researchers how to use their system. 1．What are the advantages of “AprilTags” according to the passage? ①Easy to read.  ②Safe to bees.  ③Cheap to buy.  ④ Small in size.  ⑤Shiny in the dark.、 A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③⑤ D．②④⑤ 2．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Bees change their flying time according to their jobs and the environment. B．Short trips were used for dangerous jobs like checking weather. C．Young bees were chosen because they use the special dance better. D．About 66% of the bees took short trips between 1 and 4 minutes. 3．What will the researchers do next with their new findings? A．Tag more young bees every two weeks. B．Compare the special “dance” with their findings. C．Study how bees communicate with each other. D．Teach beekeepers how to take better care of bees. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Following Young Bees with Cameras B．Exploring Bees’ Flying with “AprilTags” C．Creating New Codes with Computers D．Helping Beekeepers with New Technology 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (无锡专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 说明文,环境保护 2 较难 科普知识,说明文,情绪 3 较难 科普知识,说明文,常见动物 4 适中 信息技术,说明文,词句猜测,推理判断,细节理解 5 适中 说明文,科学技术 6 适中 说明文,发明与创造 7 适中 说明文,科学技术 8 适中 说明文,常见动物 9 适中 说明文,环境污染,词句猜测,观点态度,主旨大意,推理判断 10 较难 说明文,教育 11 较易 科普知识,说明文,意见/建议 12 适中 中华文化,说明文,教育 13 适中 科普知识,说明文,常见动物 14 适中 天体与宇宙,说明文,科学技术 15 适中 科普知识,说明文,常见动物 【中考真题】 Brazilian artist Vik Muniz uses everyday objects in unusual ways. Through his art, Muniz makes people think differently about their everyday lives-even their own rubbish. In 2007, Muniz worked on a two-year project at one of the world’s largest landfills. Until its closure in 2012, Jardim Gramacho received about 70 percent of the rubbish from Rio de Janeiro. About 3,000 rubbish pickers, known as catadores, worked there. Their job was to hunt through the rubbish for recyclable cans, bottles, and other materials. They then made money by selling the objects to recycling companies. The catadores’ work was dirty and dangerous, and most of them only received between $20 and $25 a day. Despite the hard conditions, many catadores were proud of their work. Valter Dos Santos, a worker at Jardim Gramacho for more than 25 years, told Muniz, “I am proud to be a picker. I try to explain to people that recycling prevents great harm to nature and the environment. People sometimes say, ‘But one single soda can?’ One single can is of great importance! That single can will make the difference.” Muniz became friends with Dos Santos and other catadores. They allowed him to take their photographs at the landfill, where they posed for artistic portraits. For example, Muniz photographed a landfill worker in the style of a famous French painting. The workers then helped Muniz create huge images of these photos on the floor of his workshop. They used materials from the landfill to add color and depth to the images. ________ Muniz says he wanted to “change the lives of people with the same materials they deal with every day.” A photograph of his recreation of the French painting sold for £28,000 ($50,000) at a London art auction. Muniz gave the money to the catadores workers’ organization. In 2010, a movie called Waste Land was made about Muniz’s project. The film received many awards and helped make people aware of the rubbish collectors’ lives. The catadores also began to see themselves differently. “Sometimes we see ourselves as so small,” says Irma, a cook at Gramacho, “but people out there see us as so big, so beautiful.” 1．Why did the writer mention Valter Dos Santos? A．To tell the story of a catador’s life. B．To describe the catadores’ hard conditions. C．To show the value of a catador’s work. D．To give an example of successful catadores. 2．What can we learn about Muniz’s photographs? A．They were all taken at the landfill. B．He spent a long time on each of them. C．They were only part of his unusual creation. D．He took them in the style of famous paintings. 3．Which of the following is the most suitable for ________? A．Why take such photos of these catadores? B．Why create such huge images using rubbish? C．How to help these people in a creative way? D．How to turn everyday objects into art pieces? 4．Which of the following shows the right order of the things that happened? a. A movie was made about Muniz’s project. b. Gramacho stopped receiving rubbish. c. Dos Santos started working at Gramacho. d. Muniz made friends with some catadores. A．d-c-b-a. B．c-d-b-a. C．d-c-a-b. D．c-d-a-b. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了巴西艺术家Vik Muniz通过使用垃圾填埋场的日常物品创作艺术，改变人们对垃圾和垃圾收集者生活的看法，并与垃圾收集者合作完成艺术项目的过程。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段Valter Dos Santos的话“I am proud to be a picker…That single can will make the difference”可知，作者提到他是为了展示垃圾收集者工作的价值。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Muniz photographed a landfill worker in the style of a famous French painting…They used materials from the landfill to create huge images”可知，这些照片只是他非常规创作的一部分。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据空缺后Muniz的话“change the lives of people with the same materials they deal with every day”可知，此处应解释用垃圾创作巨型图像的原因。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据原文信息：c（Dos Santos工作25年，早于2007年项目）→d（2007年Muniz与收集者成为朋友）→a（2010年电影上映）→b（2012年填埋场关闭）。故选D。 A theory of emotion Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion. A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation. The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind. The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”. The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger. 1．What is the main finding of the new study? A．A new method of venting anger. B．A new method of reducing anger. C．Good activities to vent anger. D．Good activities to reduce anger. 2．What can we learn about calming activities? A．They can reduce feelings of anger. B．They can increase the heart rate. C．They are good for mind health. D．They are good for heart health. 3．According to Schachter and Singer’s theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid? A．You get the feeling of fear. B．You get the feeling of calm. C．Your heart beats fast. D．Your heart beats slowly. 4．The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________. They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于情绪的两因素理论，以及一项新的研究发现，即减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.”可知，新的研究发现，减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动，故这项新的研究主要发现了一些可以减少愤怒的好的活动。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga.”可知，那些能够减少身体反应的活动，即深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽等平静的活动有助于减少愤怒感觉。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out.”可知，文章指出，当我们看到一只熊时，我们的身体可能会做出反应，比如心跳得很快，出汗。故可知当我们看到一条蛇并感到害怕时，我们心跳也会加快。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.”可知，团队发现一些增加心率的活动，如球类运动和团队运动，可能会减少愤怒。这表明有趣的活动有助于减少负面情绪。故这句话可以放在第四自然段的结尾。故选D。 Pet parrots that are allowed to make video calls to other birds show signs of feeling less isolated, according to scientists. The study, which involved giving the birds a computer that they could use to make video calls, found that they began to engage in more social behaviors including preening, singing and playing. The birds were given a choice of which “friend” to call on a touchscreen computer and the study showed that the parrots that called other birds most often were the most popular choices. Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglas, of the University of Glasgow and a co-author of the study, said that video calls had helped many people feel less isolated in the last few years. She added, “There are 20 million parrots living in people’s homes in the USA, and we wanted to explore whether those birds might benefit (受益) from video calling too. If we gave them the chance to call other parrots, would they choose to do so, and would the experience benefit the parrots and their caregivers?” Their study of 18 pet parrots suggested that there were, indeed, benefits for the birds. In the wild, many species of parrots live in large groups, but as pets they are, kept alone or in a small group. Living alone can cause birds, to develop mental problems, which include rocking, walking back and forth, or self-harming behaviors such as feather-plucking. The parrots first learned to ring a bell and then touch a photo of another bird on the screen of a computer to make a call to that bird, with the help of their owners. In total the birds made 147 calls to each other during the study, while owners took detailed notes on the birds’ behavior and the researchers later reviewed the video footage. Jennifer Cunha of Northeastern University said that the parrots “seemed to know” that they were communicating with other birds. “All the bird owners in the study said they valued the experience, and would want to continue using the system with their parrots in the future,” she said. “I was quite surprised at so many different behaviors,” said Hirskyj-Douglas. “Some would sing, some would play around and go upside down, others would want to show another bird their toys.” 1．The main purpose of the study is to find out _________. A．if parrots can learn to make video calls B．if parrots can benefit from video calling C．why parrots can have so many benefits D．why parrots can develop mental problems 2．What can we learn about the pet parrots? A．Their way to communicate is singing. B．Most of them used to live in large groups. C．The most popular ones made most calls. D．They can make video calls by themselves. 3．Which word has the closest meaning to “isolated”? A．amazed B．calm C．scared D．lonely 4．The following paragraph can best go after ________. Video calling could reproduce some of the social benefits of living in a group, according to Rébecca Kleinberger, of Northeastern University and first author of the study. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍研究人员使用视频通话帮助宠物鹦鹉摆脱孤独。 1．细节理解题。根据“There are 20 million parrots living in people’s homes in the USA, and we wanted to explore whether those birds might benefit (受益) from video calling too.”可知，在美国，有2000万只鹦鹉生活在人们的家中，我们想探索一下这些鹦鹉是否也能从视频通话中受益。由此可知，这项研究的主要目的是找出鹦鹉是否能从视频通话中受益。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“the study showed that the parrots that called other birds most often were the most popular choices”可知，研究表明，最常叫其他鸟类的鹦鹉是最受欢迎的选择。由此可知，最受欢迎的打了最多的电话。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。分析“Pet parrots that are allowed to make video calls to other birds show signs of feeling less isolated”可知，被允许与其他鸟类进行视频通话的宠物鹦鹉显示出感觉不那么孤立的迹象，此处isolated的意思是“孤立的”，故选D。 4．推理判断题。分析“Video calling could reproduce some of the social benefits of living in a group, according to Rébecca Kleinberger, of Northeastern University and first author of the study.东北大学的丽贝卡·克莱因伯格是这项研究的第一作者，她表示视频通话可以再现群体生活的一些社会效益。”可知，本句介绍的是该研究中视频通话的效益，与第四段结尾“Living alone can cause birds, to develop mental problems, which include rocking, walking back and forth, or self-harming behaviors such as feather-plucking.”语境相符，逻辑相连。故选D。 【热点话题练习】 When you open a certain mobile app, there’s usually an open-app advertisement that gets in your way. Some of these ads can send you to another app if you shake your phone a bit. And this has been causing heated discussion online recently. These open-app ads act like “doors”—no matter which app you open, you may always end up in those apps that have more ads. During online shopping festivals, for example, users are usually led to shopping apps like Taobao and JD． There are already a number of regulations (法规) on this problem. A regulation that came out in December 2022 gave specific rules for how these “shake-to-open” ads should operate. It said that the rotation angle (旋转角度) of the phone should be larger than 35 degrees, and the time spent shaking the phone should be longer than 3 seconds. Starting from May, the ads must have a clear button to let users to close them. However, putting these regulations into action can be difficult. The total number of apps is large, making it hard for authorities to look into every app. There were at least 2.59 million apps released (发布) in January and February alone, reported Nanfang Daily. However, this shouldn’t be the reason for the mobile apps to step out of these “lines” and take advantage. That way, what all the platforms really get is people’s complaints. Over 90 percent of users strongly dislike such open-app ads, according to the Jiangsu Consumer Council. Such ads hurt an app’s reputation (声誉) because fewer users may want to use them after being taken to other apps too many times. To get real recognition (认可) from users, the apps should respect their choices and provide them with ads that they can choose to click on only if they want to. 1．What does the phrase “gets in your way” mean in Paragraph 1? A．prevents you from entering the app B．leads you to another app C．forces you to buy something useless D．steals your personal information 2．According to the regulations, _________. A．ads in the apps should be totally stopped B．people don’t need to shake hard to open ads C．people should easily find where to close the ads D．apps with open-app ads will be closed 3．It is difficult to put these regulations into action because _________. A．It’s difficult to manage the app developers B．users really need these open-app ads C．apps have more new ways to present ads D．it’s hard to regulate a large number of apps 4．What is probably the writer’s opinion? A．More ads will give apps good reputations. B．Users mind products more than ads in apps. C．Apps should let users decide whether to open the ads D．Apps have earned too much money from open-app ads. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了手机开屏广告的乱象、相关法规以及落地难点，指出应用应尊重用户广告选择。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“...there’s usually an open-app advertisement that gets in your way.”可知，在打开app的时候弹出的广告，因此gets in your way指阻止用户进入到app内。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Starting from May, the ads must have a clear button to let users to close them.”可知，广告必须设置清晰的关闭按钮，用户应能轻松找到关闭广告的方式。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, putting these regulations into action can be difficult. The total number of apps is large, making it hard for authorities to look into every app.”可知，法规落地困难的核心原因在于应用数量庞大，监管覆盖率难度高。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To get real recognition from users, the apps should respect their choices and provide them with ads that they can choose to click on only if they want to.”可知，为了获得用户的真正认可，应用程序应该尊重用户的选择，只在用户愿意的情况下提供他们可以选择点击的广告。这句话直接表明作者的观点：应用程序应该让用户自主决定是否打开广告。故选C。 In today’s world, digital technology is everywhere. From smartphones to computers, it has changed how we connect. However, some scientists have expressed concern that overusing digital devices could harm our brain health, especially as we age. This idea is sometimes called “digital dementia”, suggesting that depending too much on technology might weaken thinking skills. But is that really true for older people? A recent study from researchers in the USA offers a different and more hopeful view. The team analyzed data from more than 411,000 adults aged 50 and above. They checked how often these people used technology like computers, smartphones, and the Internet, and whether that was linked to changes in their cognitive(认知)health over time. The results were clear: regular technology use was connected with a lower risk of cognitive decline(衰退). In fact, the study found that those who often used technology had about 58% lower risk of memory loss or dementia compared to those who rarely used such devices. One possible explanation is that using technology often requires learning and adaptation(适应)—— whether it’s figuring out a new app, following online instructions, or even troubleshooting(检修)a device. These activities can act like mental exercise, helping to keep the brain active. Moreover, technology helps many older adults stay socially connected through messaging apps, video calls, and social media, which is also known to support cognitive health. Of course, not all screen time is equal. Mindlessly swiping through videos or spending hours on passive entertainment (被动式娱乐)may not provide the same benefits. What matters is how we use technology—— whether it encourages thinking, learning, or connecting. This study does not mean technology is a cure for aging-related brain changes, and more research is needed to understand the long-term effects. However, it suggests that in our increasingly digital world, using technology in thoughtful and active ways may be one useful part of maintaining brain health as we grow older. 1．According to the study, how does regular use of technology affect older adults’ brain health? A．It greatly increases the risk of dementia. B．It will weaken their memory and thinking skills. C．It is linked to a much lower risk of cognitive decline. D．It only helps if they stop using it after age 60. 2．Which of the technology activities would the author most probably recommend for brain health? A．Leaving a TV on in the background all day while doing housework. B．Using a smartphone app to learn a new language. C．Letting a family member manage online tasks for you. D．Spending hours swiping through TikTok videos. 3．Why does the author mention “mental exercise” in Paragraph 4? A．To encourage older people to do mental exercise more often. B．To suggest that using technology is better than physical exercise. C．To explain how active technology use is helpful to the brain. D．To argue that thinking is necessary to prevent old people from digital dementia. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To warn older people about the dangers of “digital dementia”. B．To encourage old people to use digital devices in our increasingly digital world. C．To show technology may help protect older adults’ brain health if used actively. D．To argue that technology is a cure for aging-related brain changes. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项研究，老年人积极合理地使用数字技术，有助于降低认知衰退风险、维护大脑健康。 1．细节理解题。根据“The results were clear: regular technology use was connected with a lower risk of cognitive decline.”可知，定期使用科技产品与认知衰退风险显著降低有关。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“One possible explanation is that using technology often requires learning and adaptation... What matters is how we use technology—— whether it encourages thinking, learning, or connecting.”可知，主动学习类的科技使用活动对脑部健康有益，使用智能手机应用学习新语言属于此类。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“One possible explanation is that using technology often requires learning and adaptation... These activities can act like mental exercise, helping to keep the brain active.”可知，作者提及“脑力锻炼”是为了解释主动使用科技产品对大脑有益的原因。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“However, it suggests that in our increasingly digital world, using technology in thoughtful and active ways may be one useful part of maintaining brain health as we grow older.”可知，文章的核心目的是说明若积极使用数字技术，可能有助于保护老年人的脑部健康。故选C。 In September 2025, China achieved another engineering wonder—the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge in Guizhou Province. Standing 625 meters above the river (taller than two Eiffel Towers stacked together), this bridge is the world’s highest and a symbol of China’s infrastructure (基建) strength. Key Facts Length: 2,890 meters (main span (跨径): 1,420 meters) Construction Time: 2022–2025 Challenge: Building at extreme heights with strong winds and Karst mountains (喀斯特). Engineering Marvels Workers faced challenges like controlling concrete temperatures and securing steep slopes (陡坡防护). The builders described the process of installing the main cables (缆绳) as “threading a needle 600 meters up in the air.” These main cables are strong enough to hold three “Liaoning” aircraft carriers, using China’s BeiDou satellite system for millimeter-level precision (精准). Impact (影响) on Life Before the bridge, crossing the canyon took about 2 hours by winding mountain roads. Now, it takes just 2 minutes! What’s more interesting is that this bridge is more than just a road. Guizhou is playing a bigger game, aiming to turn the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge into a world-class tourist landmark. This is a creative model known as “bridge-tourism integration,” where the bridge itself is the core attraction. This bridge also boosts local tourism, agriculture, and small businesses by connecting remote areas. In the future, it will connect bridge sightseeing, extreme sports, and tourist services, encouraging visitors not just to “pass through,” but to “fall in love” with the place. Guizhou now has over 30,000 bridges, including the world’s three tallest. Nearly half of the world’s top 100 highest bridges are located in Guizhou, earning it the nickname “World Bridge Museum.” The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge is part of the engineering wonder. China’s infrastructure focuses on technology and people’s needs. Therefore, the opening of the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge is more than just the birth of a new world record. It writes a new chapter of “turning chasms into roads” and becomes a mark of China’s speed and wisdom. 1．How tall is the Huajiang Bridge? A．2890 meters B．625 meters C．1420 meters D．600 meters 2．What does “bridge-tourism integration” mean? A．Using bridges for transport only. B．Connecting bridges with tourism attractions. C．Selling bridges as souvenirs. D．Boosts local tourism. 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of bridge construction in Guizhou. B．The difficulties in building the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge. C．The achievements and importance of the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge. D．The comparison between Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge and other bridges. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国贵州花江大峡谷大桥这一工程奇迹的关键数据、建造挑战、技术创新及其对当地生活和经济带来的深远影响，展现了中国在基础设施建设方面的成就与智慧。 1．细节理解题。 根据“Standing 625 meters above the river (taller than two Eiffel Towers stacked together),” 可知，大桥的高度是625米。故选B。 2．细节理解题。 根据文章“Impact on Life”部分，对于“bridge-tourism integration”的解释是“where the bridge itself is the core attraction”，以及后文提到“This bridge also boosts local tourism, agriculture, and small businesses by connecting remote areas.”，它将连接观光、极限运动和服务，鼓励游客“爱上”这个地方。这表明它不仅仅是交通功能，而是将桥梁建设与旅游开发深度融合，使桥梁成为旅游吸引物的一部分。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。 通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了花江大峡谷大桥的建造成就，还详细阐述了其技术创新、对当地交通、经济、旅游的巨大改变和长远意义。故选C。 Thirty years ago, China started to build its own navigation satellite system (卫星导航系统), Beidou. It took its name from the Big Dipper stars, which are the guiding light for people around the world. In 1994, China began making the Beidou navigation Satellite System (BDS), so it wouldn’t have to use navigation systems from other countries. It’s a lot safer this way. In 2020, after over 20 years of hard work, Beidou completed its global network. The achievement placed China among the group of countries with their own global navigation network. The US, Russia and the European Union are the other three. Beidou does not just show where you are. It’s also the first to let you send texts where there’s no phone signal (信号) or Internet. It has now been widely used in international rescue (救援) operations. “It can be of great help in earthquakes, when ground signals are completely cut off,” Chen Suzhen, head of the Blue Sky Rescue Team in Xiamen, told CGTN. On April 25, 2015, an earthquake hit Nepal. Lack of proper contact among international rescue teams created main problems in rescue operations.“Luckily, our team had BDS. With the short message service, I suggested that we should go to the remote areas where the situation was far worse. The BDS helped us a lot during the rescue. If every country uses the BDS, our future rescue operations will be far more effective,” Chen told CGTN. With 5G technology now in wide use, the “5G+BDS” will be widely applied in conditions that require fast speed, precise (精确的) location and navigation services. For example, the BDS can even help farmers in China by providing precise information for planting and monitoring, making farming smarter. The GPS and the BDS use the same way to find out position. We can see each satellite as the center of a ball, and its radius is the distance to the position. When there are three satellites, the position can be the two points where three balls meet. Compared with the GPS, the BDS provides navigation signals on multiple frequencies (多频信号) to improve service. The BDS is more than a system. It shows China’s power in science and technology. Now over 120 countries are using it. Wherever you are, Beidou is there to help you find your way. 1．The following sentence would best be placed at the beginning of ________. With its powerful performance, BDS is able to provide a series of services to meet different requirements. A．Paragraph 3 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6 2．Which of the following sentence has the closest meaning to “radius”? A．Half of the straight line between the centres of the two satellites. B．Half of the straight line between the centre of the ball and your position. C．A straight line between the centre of the ball and any point on its surface. D．A straight line between the centre of the satellite and the centre of the earth. 3．What can we learn about BDS? A．It was highly praised by foreigners during the rescue. B．It is used to help farmers plant crops in a modern way. C．It can help send messages when phone is out of power. D．It was widely used to meet different requirements in 2020. 4．The writing purpose of this passage is ________. A．to describe the history of Beidou system B．to explain the contributions of Beidou system C．to show how to find the way by Beidou system D．to introduce a kind of navigation satellite system—Beidou 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）的发展历程、独特功能、应用领域（如国际救援、精准农业）以及其技术原理和国际影响。 1．推理判断题。所给句子是一个承上启下的总结句。它最适合放在第3段段首，因为第3段及之后的段落（救援、农业等）正是在具体介绍BDS提供的各项服务，而前两段主要讲其历史和建设。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第6段“We can see each satellite as the center of a ball, and its radius is the distance to the position.”可知，“radius”指的是球心和你所在位置之间的距离。选项C“从球心到球面上任意一点的距离”与此定义最为接近。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第5段“the BDS can even help farmers in China by providing precise information for planting and monitoring, making farming smarter.”可知，BDS可用于以现代化方式帮助农民种植作物。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕北斗卫星导航系统展开，介绍了其命名、发展历史、独特功能、应用实例、技术原理和国际影响，旨在向读者介绍这一系统。因此，作者的写作目的是“介绍一种导航卫星系统——北斗”。故选D。     There’s nothing like having a best friend forever—that person who you can have fun with and talk to. July 30 is the International Day of Friendship. Maybe you can keep an eye out for a new friend to get to know. And while we’re talking about friends, don’t think humans are the only ones who know a thing or two about friendship. Check out these friendly animals in nature who help each other out. An elephant and an olive baboon (东非狒狒) can be friends? It sounds strange, but it’s true. You can find this pair of friends in the grasslands of Africa. This unusual pair helps each other out like any good friends would. The elephant uses its tusks or trunk to make a waterhole in the sand, and it lets the olive baboon have a drink from this well when it gets thirsty. In return, the baboon tells the elephant when danger is near. It climbs up to the treetops and calls out so its friend knows that it’s time to move on. In the sea world, the goby fish and the shrimp (虾虎鱼和虾) are famous for their friendship. While the shrimp provides a home for the goby fish, the goby fish provides a guidance service for the almost blind shrimp. You see, the goby has great eyesight and stays close to the shrimp. As the shrimp moves around, the shrimp is feeling the goby with its antennae from time to time to make sure it’s still there. If the goby senses danger, she will return to the home and the shrimp will follow. The langur monkey has a very good friendship with the chital deer (花鹿). While the langur monkey eats in a tree, it drops leaves to the ground. This is good for the deer because sometimes there’s not much food. The deer will follow the monkey and eat whatever food is dropped. And in return, when the monkey comes down from the tree, the deer will put its foot down heavily to tell the monkey if it senses danger.      “No man is an island.” No one can live a completely isolated life. Neither can animals. 1．How can an elephant help an olive baboon? A．By providing water. B．By providing a home. C．By providing protection. D．By providing information. 2．What do the olive baboon and the chital deer have in common? A．They have good eyesight. B．They warn their friends of danger. C．They have a good sense of smell. D．They live together with their friends. 3．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了自然界中动物之间的友谊及互助行为。 1．细节理解题。根据“The elephant uses its tusks or trunk to make a waterhole in the sand, and it lets the olive baboon have a drink from this well when it gets thirsty.”可知，大象通过提供水来帮助东非狒狒。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“the baboon tells the elephant when danger is near” “when the monkey comes down from the tree, the deer will put its foot down heavily to tell the monkey if it senses danger.”可知，东非狒狒和花鹿的共同点是会提醒朋友危险。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。文章第1段总起（引出动物友谊），第2-4段分别介绍3组动物的友谊，第5段总结（动物也无法孤立生活），对应“总—分—总”结构（①总起→②③④分述→⑤总结）。故选A。 Most environmental pollution comes from humans and their inventions. The electric bulbs are thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time. However, too much of a good thing has started to influence the environment. Light pollution is influencing human health and wildlife behavior. There is a world-wide movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help. Light pollution problem became especially serious when the World Map of Night Sky Brightness was published in 2016. Large areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia are glowing with light, while only Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon are in total darkness. Artificial (人造的) light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm (生理节奏). An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin (褪黑素) production, which results in less sleep, headaches, stress and other health problems. Blue light, in particular, has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. It is found in cell phones and other computer devices, as well as in LEDs, the kinds of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency. Studies show that light pollution is also influencing animal behaviors, such as migration (迁徙) patterns and habitat formation. Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration lose their way, and often die. Even animals living under the deep sea may be influenced by underwater artificial lighting. Studies show that the artificial light is changing ocean ecosystems. The good news is that light pollution is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. People are required to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed and to close window blinds, shades, and curtains at night to keep light inside. 1．What does the underlined phrase “wreak havoc on” in Para. 3 probably mean? A．Improve greatly. B．Keep well. C．Manage strictly. D．Damage seriously. 2．According to the passage, which would the author agree with? A．Light pollution was first studied as a problem in 2016. B．Deep-sea environment can help animals avoid light pollution. C．Artificial light influences the sense of direction of animals. D．LEDs can be used more because of low cost and energy efficiency. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the control of light pollution? A．Uncertain. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Hopeful. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To call on people to reduce light pollution. B．To discuss good and bad points of artificial light. C．To give advice to protect the environment. D．To show future development of artificial light. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了人类过度使用灯光导致光污染，对环境、人类的健康和野生动物的健康产生负面影响，还影响动物迁徙模式和栖息地形成等行为。号召人类采取行动减少光污染，恢复自然夜空。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Artificial (人造的) light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm”可知，人造光扰乱睡眠、打乱生理节奏，因此可知人造光对对自然生理节奏有严重破坏作用，划线单词表示“严重破坏”。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration lose their way, and often die.”可知，由于光污染，依靠月光迁徙的海龟会迷路，因此作者赞同“人造光影响动物的方向感”的观点。故选C。 3．观点态度题。根据“The good news is that light pollution is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky.”可知，作者认为光污染可逆，人们能有所作为，现在很多人已在行动，所以作者对光污染控制持乐观态度。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。本文通过分析光污染的危害，旨在呼吁人们采取行动减少光污染。故选A。 ①Have you ever had a home visit from your teachers? In the past, home visits were an important way for teachers and parents to communicate. However, this tradition is becoming less popular now. Instead, new forms of home visits are becoming more common. ②A recent survey in Zhejiang Province asked 6,200 parents about home visits. Surprisingly, 85.5% of them said they disliked traditional home visits. Why? Many parents worry about privacy, and others feel it takes too much time to prepare. For teachers, they have great difficulty as well because they already manage heavy work pressure. Visiting every student’s home adds stress to their energy and time. ③While traditional home visits are fading, schools are finding creative ways to connect with families and keep communication strong. For example, Wang Hongjun, a school headmaster, believes home visits help build trust between families and schools. However, he thinks traditional visits need to be changed. Wang changed how the school communicates with families by holding parent-teacher meetings twice every term. Instead of long discussions, teachers provide a 30-minute summary (总结), followed by one-on-one meetings with subject teachers that last 15 to 20 minutes per parent. This saves time and helps make communication clearer and more purposeful. ④Schools are also creating “parent classrooms.” These are special groups where parents can join activities like book clubs or skill-building workshops. These activities help parents learn new things, which is also good their children’s growth. This idea not only improves the relationship between schools and families but also adds warmth and meaning to education. ⑤Some schools are testing even more flexible (灵活的) methods. In Shanghai, parents can choose between home visits or online meetings. A few schools even organize meetings in teahouses to make parents feel relaxed. “These new methods result in full communication and understanding between home and school,” a parent said. 1．Why do most surveyed parents in Zhejiang dislike traditional home visits? A．Because they find it hard to talk with every subject teacher at home. B．Because they are already under too much work and health pressure. C．Because they either value their privacy or find the preparation tiring. D．Because they think such communication is a waste of time and energy. 2．What is the new method used by Wang Hongjun’s school every term? A．Starting online classes for parents. B．Holding twice-a-term parent meetings. C．Paying home visits every week. D．Providing tearoom meetings with students. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Modern schools with online teaching. B．The development of traditional education. C．New ways of teacher-parent communication. D．The relationships between teachers and parents. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了传统家访逐渐被新型家校沟通方式取代的现象，并介绍了多种创新沟通形式（如家长会、家长课堂、线上会议等）。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第②段“85.5% of them said they disliked traditional home visits… Many parents worry about privacy, and others feel it takes too much time to prepare.”可知，家长反对传统家访的原因包括隐私顾虑和耗时准备。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第③段“Wang changed how the school communicates with families by holding parent-teacher meetings twice every term.”可知，新方法是每学期两次家长会。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。全文围绕传统家访的衰落和新型家校沟通方式的兴起展开，列举了家长会、家长课堂、线上会议等创新形式。根据第③至⑤段对多种新方法的描述（如“parent classrooms”“online meetings”“teahouse meetings”），可知主旨是家校沟通的新方式。故选C。 ①Gossip is the information passed from one person to another about other people’s lives. You may think gossip is awful. Even dictionary entries suggest that it is often unkind or untrue. And yet this common idea is unreasonable. ②Firstly, a study by Robbins and Karan in 2019 shows that gossip common but much of it is just people sharing information. For their study, 467 people’s conversations were recorded. Robbins and Karan found that, on average, these people gossiped for 52 minutes a day, with three quarters of the time spent communicating non-evaluative (非评价性的) information. Only about 14 percent of the gossip was considered malicious, a much smaller percentage than the common idea suggests, although to be fair, that was double the percentage of positive (积极的) gossip. ③Scientists consider gossip to be an important reason why our ancestors (祖先) were able to stay alive. It helped spread important news, but more importantly, it provided information about who was trustworthy and who might not work well with others in a group. It allowed humans to build small communities with those who could be trusted, ensuring a greater chance of living. Today, it seems that not much has changed. Gossip still allows us to form relationships and find out who we can work with best. Gossip also explains the principles (行为准则) of our society. When we hear someone criticize (批评) a person’s behaviour, it is clear that such behaviour is unacceptable and should not be copied. ④Of course, these days, our world is changing the nature of gossip. Our networks are now larger, and some gossip can spread like wildfire. Our obsession (痴迷) with gossip about well-known people may seem unimportant to some, but it serves to bring people closer. Problems come up when gossip includes untrue information. This kind of gossip can destroy people’s lives. ⑤So scientists say that it’s important to share information that is unlikely to hurt others. If we fail to do this, people will see us as someone who can’t be trusted and may even avoid us. Similarly, gossiping to improve one’s own place in society is unacceptable. It’s best to share information that may act as a warning to others or encourage them to behave better. It’s these things that normally push people together rather than make them turn away from each other. 1．What does the word “malicious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Unimportant. B．Harmful. C．Meaningful. D．Interesting. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．We shouldn’t spend too much time gossiping. B．Gossiping to move up in society should be accepted. C．Gossip helps people build relationships today as well as in the past. D．In the past, people who liked gossiping were considered untrustworthy. 3．The following sentence would best be placed at the end of ________. That’s not to say we should pay attention to everything we hear, but it gives us direction. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss the influence of gossiping. B．To explain the reason why gossip is common. C．To remind people of the problems of gossiping. D．To guide people to be careful when gossiping. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了八卦的一些事实和看法，讨论了八卦的好处，并引导人们八卦时要负责任。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Only about 14 percent of the gossip was considered malicious”和上下文对比可知，malicious与positive gossip形成对比，应表示“有害的”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“It allowed humans to build small communities with those who could be trusted, ensuring a greater chance of living. Today, it seems that not much has changed. Gossip still allows us to form relationships and find out who we can work with best.”可知，八卦不管是在过去还是现在，都帮助人们建立重要的关系。故选C。 3．细节理解题。题干句子“That’s not to say we should pay attention to everything we hear, but it gives us direction.”意为“这并非说我们应关注所有听到的内容，但它为我们指明方向”。第三段结尾提到 “gossip explains the principles of our society...unacceptable behaviour should not be copied”，即八卦能帮助人们理解社会行为准则，题干句子可作为对该内容的补充，强调虽不必盲从，但八卦提供了行为方向。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章先通过研究，说明八卦的普遍性和非评价性特点，再从历史和现实角度分析其积极作用，最后在第五段强调“分享不伤人的信息、避免为提升自身地位而八卦”，核心是引导人们谨慎对待八卦行为。故选D。 When it comes to Chinese literature works about a mother’s love, few can compete with Tang Dynasty poet Meng Jiao’s poem Song of the Travelling Son. The poem presents a mother who sews clothes for her son by hand. Bathed in candlelight, she also worries about his travel away from home. Meng’s description of the mother shows the composition of the earliest form of the Chinese character “劳”. Found on oracle bones (甲骨) from over 3, 000 years ago, it was made up of two characters. There was “火 (fire)” on top and “衣 (clothes)” below, with three dots (点) that look like stitches. The lower part was later replaced by “力 (strength)” and a form symbolizing a house appeared above. The Analytical Dictionary of Chinese Characters explains the form as “When a house is on fire, it takes hard work to, put it out.” While the form of the character has been simplified, its meaning has spread to refer to work, labor (劳动) or toil. It is also connected with feelings like tiredness. Since ancient times, Chinese society has looked down upon those who sponge off others. In modern times, the idea that “labor is glorious (光荣的)” has taken root. People who work hard and make great contributions to their community or country are respected as model workers. Since the 1980s, “劳” has become one of the five key qualities that China's education system seeks to cultivate in students, along with “德 (virtue)” “智 (intelligence)” “体 (physical fitness)” and “美 (appreciation for beauty)”. Primary and middle school students typically have at least one hour of “labor class” each week for labor knowledge and skills. However, cognitive (认知的) labor and manual (体力的) labor are not always considered equal. As ancient Chinese philosopher Mencius said, “Those who labor with their minds govern (统治), while those who labor with their strength are governed.” Throughout history, many Chinese writers have had pity on people who worked hard to survive as poor farmers. In his poem Watching the Wheat Harvest, famous poet Bai Juyi expressed his shame at taking hundreds of kilograms of grain every year as his pay without doing any farm work. No matter it is cognitive labor or manual labor, overwork can have serious results, which can cause illness or even death. To avoid such things, people are encouraged to achieve a balance between work and rest. 1．Which of the following is the earliest form of the Chinese character “劳” ? A． B． C． D． 2．What does the underlined phrase “sponge off” in Paragraph 3 mean in the passage? A．depend on B．laugh at C．care about D．learn from 3．What can you learn from the passage? A．Cognitive labor is considered to be equal to manual labor. B．The character “劳” meant getting tired in the very beginning. C．Chinese students are expected to have the five key qualities. D．Bai Juyi took grain every year as his pay without doing any farm work. 4．The main purpose of this passage is to _________. A．discuss the different types of labor in China B．explore the cultural meaning of labor in China C．introduce the history of the Chinese character “劳” D．compare ancient and modern Chinese literature works 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文围绕汉字“劳”展开，介绍其字形演变，意义及相关观念。 1．细节理解题、根据“There was “火” on top and “衣” below, with three dots that look like stitches.”可知，“劳”最早字形是在甲骨文中发现，由“火”在上面，“衣”在下面，还有像针脚的三个点组成，选项B符合描述。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根句“Chinese society has looked down upon those who sponge off others.”和“People who work hard and make great contributions to their community or country are respected as model workers.”可知，此处表达中国社会从古至今都看不起那些“sponge off”他人的人，尊重那些努力工作的人，由此推断“sponge off”是指依赖他人、不劳而获，选项中“depend on”意为“依赖”，意思相符。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据 “Since the 1980s, ‘劳’ has become one of the five key qualities that China’s education system seeks to cultivate in students, along with ‘德 (virtue)’‘智 (intelligence)’‘体 (physical fitness)’ and ‘美 (appreciation for beauty)’.”可知，中国期望学生具备这五种关键品质。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要围绕汉字“劳”，介绍其字形演变、文化意义，以及在中国教育、社会观念等方面体现的文化内涵，选项B“探索中国劳动的文化意义”符合全文主旨。故选B。 People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 1．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1? A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it. C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list. 2．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A． B． C． D． 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了科学家研究动物情感的实验，尤其是鸡的情感表达。 1． 推理判断题。根据前文“In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas.”以及后文“It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可知，这里是说一项新研究把鸡也列入了研究动物情感的名单中。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls.”，快速且响亮意味着声波频率高、振幅大。观察四个选项的声波图，D选项的声波频率高且振幅大，最符合快乐叫声的特征。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。文章主要讨论鸡的快乐和不快乐的情感以及人类对其感知的能力，因此“Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens”最符合文章主题，故选B。 Recently, a great scientific discovery amazed the world. Chinese scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the Moon, which could change how we think about living on the Moon in the future! They wrote about their discovery in a science magazine called The Innovation. Their discovery shows that by using lunar soil (月壤), scientists can create a lot of water on the Moon. In the past, missions to the Moon showed that there might be ice at the Moon’s north and south poles (极). However, there isn’t much water in lunar soil—only a little bit, like 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent, which makes it hard to find and use water there. So it’s difficult for people to expect to live on the Moon. The researchers, however, found something exciting, after studying the rocks and soil from the Moon brought back by the Chang’e-5 spacecraft. One of the exciting things they discovered is that lunar soil melts (融化) when it reaches over 1,000℃. When it begins to melt, it produces water vapor (蒸气). They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can give us 5.1g to 7.6g of water. So, if we had one ton of lunar soil, we could get between 51kg and 76kg of water. That’s enough to give drinking water to 50 people for one day! All in all, this research opens up new possibilities for finding water on the Moon. It’s important for future trips to the Moon and people who might live there someday. As we learn more about how to make water from lunar soil, we get closer to the dream of humans living on the Moon. This discovery could help make that dream come true! 1．Why does the writer mention the earlier research in Paragraph 2? A．To show that it was totally wrong. B．To compare it with the new discovery. C．To prove that there is no running water on the Moon. D．To explain why people wanted to live on the Moon before. 2．How much water may scientists get if they have 1,000g of lunar soil? A． B． C． D． 3．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the dream of humans living on the Moon? A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Surprised. D．Doubtful. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the text? A．Humans are the builders of the earth. B．Mistakes often help us find the truth. C．Scientific discoveries are continually moving forward. D．Future space exploration faces challenges and chances. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文讲述中国科学家通过嫦娥五号带回的月壤样本，发现高温熔融月壤可产生大量水蒸气，这一突破性研究为未来月球居住和探索提供了新的水资源解决方案，推动了人类太空定居的梦想。 1．推理判断题。根据“In the past, missions to the Moon showed that there might be ice at the Moon’s north and south poles (极). However, there isn’t much water in lunar soil”可知，作者提到早期研究是为了与嫦娥五号带回的新发现形成对比，说明过去认为月球水资源稀少，而新发现提供了新的可能性。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can give us 5.1g to 7.6g of water. ”可以推算，1000g月壤可获得51g-76g水。B选项水的刻度在这个区间内。故选B。 3．观点态度题。根据“As we learn more about how to make water from lunar soil, we get closer to the dream of humans living on the Moon. This discovery could help make that dream come true!”可知，作者对月球居住的前景持乐观态度。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章先是介绍了过去人们对月球水的研究情况，即月壤中虽有水但含量极少难以利用，接着讲述了中国科学家的新发现，即利用月壤生产水的新方法，这体现了科学发现是不断向前发展的。故选C。 To get a better idea of how far bees usually travel, researchers at Penn State worked to develop a way to follow bees. Bees are usually studied in a lab or near one. But the researchers wanted to develop a system that could work anywhere and be used by anyone. Researchers worked with engineers to create “AprilTags”, which are similar to QR codes (二维码). These codes are easy for cameras to find and read, even when the light isn’t good. They are smaller than a coin, and can be stuck on the back of bees without causing any harm. But sticking thousands of “AprilTags” was a lot of work. The researchers mainly studied young bees, tagging (贴标签) 600 of them every two weeks. Over the spring and summer, the researchers tagged over 32,000 bees spread across six different hives (蜂箱). By putting a camera powered by the sun and a tiny computer above the door to each hive, the researchers followed the tagged bees. They could show when each bee left the hive and when it returned. The new system gave the researchers a lot of information about the bees’ flying. They found that most trips outside the hive took between one and four minutes. The researchers thought these short trips were used for quick jobs like checking the weather. Even longer trips were shorter than 20 minutes. But about 34% of the bees took trips that lasted longer than two hours. The researchers said this could show that the bees were making longer trips to collect food. The researchers noticed that the bees spent more time out collecting when there were fewer flowers around. Researchers know that bees use a special “dance” to communicate with each other about where to collect food. Now the researchers want to see how their new findings match up with the special dance. They plan to teach beekeepers and other researchers how to use their system. 1．What are the advantages of “AprilTags” according to the passage? ①Easy to read.  ②Safe to bees.  ③Cheap to buy.  ④ Small in size.  ⑤Shiny in the dark.、 A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③⑤ D．②④⑤ 2．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Bees change their flying time according to their jobs and the environment. B．Short trips were used for dangerous jobs like checking weather. C．Young bees were chosen because they use the special dance better. D．About 66% of the bees took short trips between 1 and 4 minutes. 3．What will the researchers do next with their new findings? A．Tag more young bees every two weeks. B．Compare the special “dance” with their findings. C．Study how bees communicate with each other. D．Teach beekeepers how to take better care of bees. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Following Young Bees with Cameras B．Exploring Bees’ Flying with “AprilTags” C．Creating New Codes with Computers D．Helping Beekeepers with New Technology 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文讲述了研究人员开发了“AprilTags”系统来追踪蜜蜂的飞行行为，发现蜜蜂的飞行时间与环境有关，并计划进一步研究蜜蜂的沟通方式。 1．细节理解题。根据“These codes are easy for cameras to find and read”可知，“AprilTags”容易被读取，①正确；根据“They are smaller than a coin, and can be stuck on the back of bees without causing any harm.”可知，“AprilTags”尺寸小且对蜜蜂安全，②④正确。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“The researchers noticed that the bees spent more time out collecting when there were fewer flowers around.”可知，蜜蜂会根据周围环境 (花的数量) 改变飞行时间，A正确。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Now the researchers want to see how their new findings match up with the special dance.”可知，研究人员接下来想将新发现与蜜蜂特殊舞蹈作比较。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述研究人员通过“AprilTags”追踪蜜蜂，探索蜜蜂飞行情况，B选项“Exploring Bees’ Flying with ‘AprilTags’”符合主旨。故选B。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $