Unit 5 Looking into nature（复习讲义）英语新教材外研版八年级下册

Unit 5 Looking into nature （复习讲义) 类别 核心内容 单词 1. nature n. 自然；大自然 2. explore v. 探索；探究 3. creature n. 生物；动物 4. wonder n. 奇观；奇迹；v. 想知道 5. journey n. 旅程；旅途 6. survive v. 生存；存活 7. adapt v. 适应；适合 8. balance n. 平衡；v. 使平衡 9. harmony n. 和谐；融洽 10. resource n. 资源；物力 11. protect v. 保护；防护 12. destroy v. 破坏；毁灭 13. conserve v. 保护；保存 14. breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的；惊人的 15. rare adj. 稀有的；珍贵的 16. species n. 物种；种类 17. habitat n. 栖息地；生存环境 18. climate n. 气候 19. phenomenon n. 现象；奇迹 20. inspire v. 启发；鼓舞 短语 1. look into 探索；调查；观察 2. in harmony with 与…… 和谐相处 3. depend on 依赖；依靠 4. adapt to 适应 5. survive from 从…… 中存活 6. protect...from... 保护…… 免受…… 7. take action 采取行动 8. make a difference 产生影响；起作用 9. in danger 处于危险中 10. cut down 砍伐；削减 11. care for 关心；照顾；爱护 12. a variety of 各种各样的 13. play a role in 在…… 中起作用 14. be home to 是…… 的家园 15. thanks to 由于；多亏 句型 1. Nature is full of wonders waiting to be explored. 2. All creatures depend on each other to survive. 3. Humans should live in harmony with nature. 4. It is important to protect rare species and their habitats. 5. Small actions can make a big difference to the environment. 语法 现在进行时表当前正在发生的动作或当前的状态；不定式作定语、状语（表目的、结果等） 写作 1. 描述自然奇观或某种生物的生存状态； 2. 撰写关于保护自然、与自然和谐相处的短文； 3. 提出保护自然环境的建议或方案 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点 1：In this unit, let's explore the meaning of looking into nature and discover its wonders.（教材 P67） 在本单元，让我们探索观察自然的意义，发现它的奇迹。 ① look into 固定短语，意为 “探索；调查；观察”，此处侧重 “观察、探究自然” 例：Scientists are looking into the causes of the rare phenomenon.（科学家们正在探究这一罕见现象的成因。） ② explore v. 探索；探究，其名词形式为 exploration（探索） 例：They plan to explore the deep forest next month.（他们计划下个月去探索那片茂密的森林。） 知识点 2：Nature is full of wonders waiting to be explored.（教材 P67） 大自然充满了有待探索的奇迹。 ① wonder n. 奇观；奇迹，为可数名词，复数形式为 wonders 【固定搭配】full of wonders 充满奇迹 例：The Grand Canyon is one of the natural wonders of the world.（科罗拉多大峡谷是世界自然奇观之一。） ② 现在分词短语 waiting to be explored 作后置定语，修饰 wonders，表主动和将来 例：There are many books waiting for you to read.（有很多书等着你去读。） 知识点 3：All creatures depend on each other to survive in the wild.（教材 P68） 所有生物在野外都相互依赖以求生存。 ① creature n. 生物；动物，为可数名词 例：There are all kinds of creatures in the ocean.（海洋里有各种各样的生物。） ② depend on 固定短语，意为 “依赖；依靠”，后接名词、代词或宾语从句 例：Plants depend on sunlight and water to grow.（植物依赖阳光和水生长。） ③ survive v. 生存；存活，常用搭配 survive in（在…… 中生存），survive from（从…… 中存活） 例：Few animals can survive in the desert without water.（没有水，很少有动物能在沙漠中生存。） 知识点 4：Some species have adapted to the changing climate over thousands of years.（教材 P69） 数千年来，一些物种已经适应了不断变化的气候。 ① adapt v. 适应；适合，常用搭配 adapt to（适应……） 例：It takes time for a new student to adapt to the school life.（新生需要时间适应学校生活。） ② climate n. 气候，指某一地区长期的天气状况；weather 指短期的天气变化 例：The climate in this area is warm and wet all year round.（这个地区的气候全年温暖湿润。） 知识点 5：Humans should live in harmony with nature instead of destroying it.（教材 P70） 人类应该与自然和谐相处，而不是破坏它。 ① in harmony with 固定短语，意为 “与…… 和谐相处” 例：We should try to live in harmony with all living things.（我们应该努力与所有生物和谐相处。） ② destroy v. 破坏；毁灭，其名词形式为 destruction（破坏） 例：Cutting down too many trees will destroy the habitats of animals.（砍伐过多的树木会破坏动物的栖息地。） 知识点 6：The forest is home to many rare species, so we must protect it from being destroyed.（教材 P71） 这片森林是许多稀有物种的家园，所以我们必须保护它不被破坏。 ① be home to 固定短语，意为 “是…… 的家园”，不用冠词 例：The Amazon rainforest is home to millions of plants and animals.（亚马逊雨林是数百万动植物的家园。） ② protect...from... 固定短语，意为 “保护…… 免受……”，from 后接名词或动名词 例：We wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the strong sunlight.（我们戴太阳镜保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的伤害。） 知识点 7：Thanks to the efforts of environmentalists, many endangered animals have been saved.（教材 P72） 多亏了环保人士的努力，许多濒危动物得救了。 ① thanks to 固定短语，意为 “由于；多亏”，后接名词、代词或动名词短语 例：Thanks to his help, I finished the task on time.（多亏了他的帮助，我按时完成了任务。） ② endangered adj. 濒危的；有灭绝危险的，常用搭配 endangered species（濒危物种） 例：Giant pandas are one of the most famous endangered species in the world.（大熊猫是世界上最著名的濒危物种之一。） 知识点 8：It is important to take action before it's too late to conserve natural resources.（教材 P73） 在保护自然资源还来得及之前采取行动是很重要的。 ① take action 固定短语，意为 “采取行动”，action 为不可数名词，也可说 take actions（强调具体的行动） 例：We must take action to stop pollution.（我们必须采取行动阻止污染。） ② conserve v. 保护；保存，侧重 “合理利用、节约以保护”，与 protect 相比更强调 “可持续性” 例：We should conserve water by turning off the tap when not in use.（我们应该在不用水时关掉水龙头以节约用水。） ③ natural resources 固定短语，意为 “自然资源” 例：Oil, coal and water are important natural resources.（石油、煤炭和水是重要的自然资源。） 知识点 9：The breathtaking scenery of the mountains attracts thousands of tourists every year.（教材 P74） 这片山脉令人惊叹的景色每年吸引着成千上万的游客。 ① breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的；惊人的，常用于修饰景物、表演等 例：We were all shocked by the breathtaking view from the top of the mountain.（山顶上令人惊叹的景色让我们所有人都感到震撼。） ② attract v. 吸引，常用搭配 attract sb. to sp.（吸引某人去某地） 例：The beautiful beach attracts many visitors to this small town.（美丽的海滩吸引着许多游客来到这个小镇。） 知识点 10：Small actions, such as planting a tree or saving water, can make a big difference to the environment.（教材 P75） 一些小行动，比如种一棵树或节约用水，都能对环境产生很大的影响。 ① make a difference 固定短语，意为 “产生影响；起作用”，后接介词 to 表示 “对…… 产生影响” 例：Your support will make a great difference to our project.（你的支持将对我们的项目产生很大影响。） ② such as 固定短语，意为 “比如；例如”，用于列举同类人或事物的部分例子 例：He likes outdoor activities, such as hiking and camping.（他喜欢户外活动，比如徒步旅行和露营。） 知识点 11：We wonder how these ancient trees have survived for hundreds of years.（教材 P76） 我们想知道这些古树是如何存活数百年的。 ① wonder v. 想知道；好奇，后接宾语从句、疑问词 + 不定式 例：I wonder if she will come to the party tomorrow.（我想知道她明天是否会来参加派对。） 例：He wondered how to solve the problem.（他想知道如何解决这个问题。） ② ancient adj. 古老的；远古的，修饰名词作定语 例：There are many ancient buildings in this city.（这座城市有许多古老的建筑。） 知识点 12：To protect nature, we should avoid cutting down trees and polluting rivers.（教材 P77） 为了保护自然，我们应该避免砍伐树木和污染河流。 ① 动词不定式短语 To protect nature 作目的状语，表 “为了……” 例：To improve his health, he exercises every morning.（为了改善健康，他每天早上锻炼。） ② avoid v. 避免；避开，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式 例：You should avoid making mistakes in your homework.（你应该避免在作业中出错。） ③ cut down 固定短语，意为 “砍伐；削减”，此处指 “砍伐树木” 例：It's illegal to cut down trees in the protected area.（在保护区砍伐树木是违法的。） 知识点 13：Many animals are in danger because their habitats are being destroyed.（教材 P78） 许多动物处于危险中，因为它们的栖息地正在被破坏。 ① in danger 固定短语，意为 “处于危险中”，其反义短语为 out of danger（脱离危险） 例：This kind of bird is in danger of dying out.（这种鸟有灭绝的危险。） ② 现在进行时的被动语态 are being destroyed，表示 “正在被破坏”，强调当前正在发生的被动动作 例：The old building is being repaired now.（那座旧建筑现在正在被修缮。） 知识点 14：Nature has inspired many artists and writers to create great works.（教材 P79） 自然启发了许多艺术家和作家创作伟大的作品。 ① inspire v. 启发；鼓舞，常用搭配 inspire sb. to do sth.（启发 / 鼓舞某人做某事） 例：The teacher's words inspired her to study harder.（老师的话鼓舞她更加努力学习。） ② create v. 创造；创作，其名词形式为 creation（创造）、creator（创造者） 例：She spent three months creating this beautiful painting.（她花了三个月时间创作这幅美丽的画作。） 知识点 15：There is a variety of plants in the garden, each with its own unique beauty.（教材 P80） 花园里有各种各样的植物，每种都有其独特的美。 ① a variety of 固定短语，意为 “各种各样的”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，同义表达为 various 例：There are a variety of books in the library.（图书馆里有各种各样的书。） ② unique adj. 独特的；独一无二的，无比较级和最高级形式 例：Everyone has a unique personality.（每个人都有独特的个性。） 知识点 16：All living things play an important role in maintaining the balance of nature.（教材 P81） 所有生物在维持自然平衡中都扮演着重要的角色。 ① play a role in 固定短语，意为 “在…… 中起作用 / 扮演角色”，in 后接名词或动名词 例：Computers play an important role in our daily life.（电脑在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。） ② balance n. 平衡；v. 使平衡，此处指 “自然平衡” 例：It's difficult to keep balance on a tightrope.（在钢丝上保持平衡很难。） 例：We need to balance work and rest.（我们需要平衡工作和休息。） 单元语法：现在进行时与不定式的用法 1. 现在进行时 1) 句型结构：主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 (+ 其他) 2) 核心用法： ① 表示当前正在发生的动作 例：They are exploring the rainforest now.（他们现在正在探索雨林。） ② 表示当前一段时间内正在进行的动作（不一定此时此刻正在做） 例：Scientists are doing research on rare species these days.（这些天科学家们正在对稀有物种进行研究。） ③ 表示当前的状态或趋势 例：The environment is getting better with people's efforts.（在人们的努力下，环境正在变得更好。） 3) 易错点：瞬间动词（如 come, go, die 等）一般不用于现在进行时，若用于则表示 “即将发生” 例：The train is leaving in five minutes.（火车五分钟后就要开了。） 2. 不定式的用法 1) 句型结构：to + 动词原形（否定形式：not to + 动词原形），部分动词后可省略 to 2) 核心用法： ① 作目的状语，表 “为了……” 例：We go to school to learn knowledge.（我们去上学是为了学习知识。） ② 作定语，修饰名词或代词，表 “要做的、待完成的” 例：There are many things to do today.（今天有很多事情要做。） ③ 作宾语，用于某些动词后（如 want, hope, decide, try, learn 等） 例：She wants to protect endangered animals.（她想保护濒危动物。） ④ 作宾语补足语，用于某些动词后（如 ask, tell, want, encourage 等） 例：The teacher encouraged us to take action to protect nature.（老师鼓励我们采取行动保护自然。） 3) 易错点：avoid, mind, enjoy, finish 等动词后接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式 单元写作：保护自然与和谐共生 写作主题：本单元围绕 “探索自然、与自然和谐相处” 展开，要求学生运用所学词汇、语法及句式，描述自然奇观、生物的生存状态，阐述保护自然的重要性，或提出保护自然环境的建议。主要写作维度有：1）自然的神奇与价值；2）当前自然环境面临的问题；3）保护自然的具体行动与建议；4）人与自然和谐共生的意义。 中考命题角度：描述一处你见过的自然奇观；讲述保护某种动植物的故事；阐述保护自然环境的重要性；提出保护家乡自然环境的具体建议等。 写作框架 高分词汇与句型 1. 词汇：nature, wonder, creature, protect, conserve, harmony, balance, habitat, species, environment, pollution, resource, survive, adapt, inspire 2. 句型： 1) Nature provides human beings with necessary living resources. 2) It is everyone's responsibility to protect the environment and live in harmony with nature. 3) We should take immediate action to stop destroying nature before it's too late. 4) Small changes in our daily life can make a big difference to the planet. （时间：30 分钟，满分：50 分） 一、单词拼写（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. We should try our best to protect the rare ______ (物种) from dying out. 2. The ______ (气候) in this region has changed a lot over the past ten years. 3. It's our duty to ______ (保护) the environment for future generations. 4. The ______ (栖息地) of many animals is being destroyed by human activities. 5. The ______ (令人惊叹的) view of the sunset over the sea attracted many photographers. 6. Plants and animals ______ (依赖) on each other to maintain the balance of nature. 7. Many ancient ______ (生物) have disappeared from the Earth. 8. We need to ______ (节约) natural resources such as water and oil. 9. The artist was ______ (启发) by the beauty of nature to create this masterpiece. 10. Humans should live in ______ (和谐) with all living things. 二、单项选择（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. Scientists are ______ the mysterious phenomenon in the deep sea. A. looking into B. looking up C. looking for D. looking after 2. Many animals can't ______ the changing environment and are dying out. A. adapt to B. depend on C. play a role in D. make a difference to 3. It's important for us to protect the environment ______ we can live in harmony with nature. A. so that B. even if C. as if D. as long as 4. The Amazon rainforest ______ home to millions of plants and animals. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. We should avoid ______ plastic bags to reduce pollution. A. use B. to use C. using D. used 6. Thanks ______ the efforts of the volunteers, the park has become much cleaner. A. for B. to C. with D. of 7. Some rare species ______ in danger of dying out if we don't take action. A. are B. were C. will be D. have been 8. The beautiful scenery of the mountains ______ thousands of tourists every year. A. attracts B. attracted C. is attracting D. will attract 9. Everyone can ______ a difference to the environment by doing small things. A. do B. make C. take D. get 10. — What are you going to do this weekend? — We are going to plant trees ______ protect the environment. A. in order to B. so as to C. both A and B D. instead of 三、完成句子（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1. 人类应该与自然和谐相处。(in harmony with) Humans should live ______ ______ ______ nature. 2. 我们必须采取行动保护濒危动物。(take action) We must ______ ______ to protect endangered animals. 3. 植物依赖阳光和水生长。(depend on) Plants ______ ______ sunlight and water to grow. 4. 多亏了他的帮助，我们成功完成了项目。(thanks to) ______ ______ his help, we successfully finished the project. 5. 砍伐树木会破坏动物的栖息地。(cut down) ______ ______ trees will destroy animals' habitats. 四、阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） The Magic of the Coral Reef Coral reefs are one of the most amazing natural wonders on Earth. They are often called "the rainforests of the sea" because they are home to thousands of species of fish, plants and other creatures. Coral reefs cover less than 0.1% of the ocean floor, but they support more than 25% of all marine species. Coral reefs are not just rocks. They are made up of tiny living creatures called coral polyps. These polyps live in groups and secrete a hard substance that forms the structure of the reef. Coral reefs grow very slowly—only about 1 to 2 centimeters per year. Some coral reefs have been around for millions of years. However, coral reefs are in great danger now. Climate change is causing the ocean temperature to rise, which makes the coral turn white and die. Pollution from factories and farms is also harming the reefs. Plastic waste in the ocean can get stuck on the reefs and kill the polyps. In addition, overfishing is destroying the balance of the marine ecosystem. But there is hope. Many organizations and individuals are working hard to protect coral reefs. Scientists are researching ways to help coral reefs adapt to climate change. Volunteers are cleaning up plastic waste from the ocean. Governments are making laws to stop overfishing and pollution. We can also do our part to protect coral reefs. For example, we can reduce our carbon footprint by saving energy and using public transport. We can also avoid buying products that harm coral reefs, such as certain sunscreens. Every small action can help save these beautiful natural wonders. 1. Why are coral reefs called "the rainforests of the sea"? A. They are as big as rainforests. B. They grow in the same area as rainforests. C. They support a large number of species. D. They are made up of tiny plants. 2. What does the underlined word "secrete" mean in Chinese? A. 吸收 B. 分泌 C. 消耗 D. 储存 3. Which of the following is NOT a threat to coral reefs? A. Rising ocean temperatures. B. Plastic pollution. C. Overfishing. D. Marine protected areas. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Coral reefs grow very quickly. B. Only scientists can protect coral reefs. C. If we take action, coral reefs can be saved. 5. D. Coral reefs are not important for the marine ecosystem. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Coral reefs are home to many marine species. B. Coral reefs are in danger and need protection. C. How coral reefs are formed. D. Why coral reefs are important. 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 【解析】 1. 细节理解题。根据 “they are home to thousands of species of fish, plants and other creatures” 可知，珊瑚礁被称为 “海洋雨林” 是因为它们支撑着大量物种的生存。故选 C。 2. 词义猜测题。根据 “a hard substance that forms the structure of the reef” 可推测，珊瑚虫会 “分泌” 一种坚硬物质来形成珊瑚礁的结构。故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，海洋温度上升、塑料污染、过度捕捞都是珊瑚礁面临的威胁；海洋保护区是保护措施，不是威胁。故选 D。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段可知，许多组织、个人和科学家都在努力保护珊瑚礁，我们也能尽一份力，由此可推断 “如果我们采取行动，珊瑚礁可以被拯救”。故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。文章介绍了珊瑚礁的重要性、面临的威胁以及保护措施，核心是 “珊瑚礁处于危险中，需要保护”。故选 B。 五、语法填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） Nature is full of wonders. Every day, we 1. ______ (discover) new things about the world around us. Coral reefs, for example, 2. ______ (be) home to millions of marine creatures. But now, they 3. ______ (face) great danger. Climate change 4. ______ (cause) the ocean temperature to rise. As a result, many corals 5. ______ (turn) white and dying. Pollution is another big problem. Factories and farms 6. ______ (pour) waste into the ocean, which 7. ______ (harm) the coral polyps. Overfishing 8. ______ (also, destroy) the balance of the marine ecosystem. We must 9. ______ (take) action to protect coral reefs. We can 10. ______ (save) energy to reduce carbon emissions. We can also 11. ______ (avoid) using plastic products. Scientists 12. ______ (research) ways to help corals adapt to the changing environment. With everyone's effort, coral reefs 13. ______ (survive) for future generations. In fact, protecting coral reefs is protecting ourselves. They 14. ______ (provide) us with food and protect the coastline from storms. Let's work together to keep these natural wonders alive. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 11 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Looking into nature （复习讲义) 类别 核心内容 单词 1. nature n. 自然；大自然 2. explore v. 探索；探究 3. creature n. 生物；动物 4. wonder n. 奇观；奇迹；v. 想知道 5. journey n. 旅程；旅途 6. survive v. 生存；存活 7. adapt v. 适应；适合 8. balance n. 平衡；v. 使平衡 9. harmony n. 和谐；融洽 10. resource n. 资源；物力 11. protect v. 保护；防护 12. destroy v. 破坏；毁灭 13. conserve v. 保护；保存 14. breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的；惊人的 15. rare adj. 稀有的；珍贵的 16. species n. 物种；种类 17. habitat n. 栖息地；生存环境 18. climate n. 气候 19. phenomenon n. 现象；奇迹 20. inspire v. 启发；鼓舞 短语 1. look into 探索；调查；观察 2. in harmony with 与…… 和谐相处 3. depend on 依赖；依靠 4. adapt to 适应 5. survive from 从…… 中存活 6. protect...from... 保护…… 免受…… 7. take action 采取行动 8. make a difference 产生影响；起作用 9. in danger 处于危险中 10. cut down 砍伐；削减 11. care for 关心；照顾；爱护 12. a variety of 各种各样的 13. play a role in 在…… 中起作用 14. be home to 是…… 的家园 15. thanks to 由于；多亏 句型 1. Nature is full of wonders waiting to be explored. 2. All creatures depend on each other to survive. 3. Humans should live in harmony with nature. 4. It is important to protect rare species and their habitats. 5. Small actions can make a big difference to the environment. 语法 现在进行时表当前正在发生的动作或当前的状态；不定式作定语、状语（表目的、结果等） 写作 1. 描述自然奇观或某种生物的生存状态； 2. 撰写关于保护自然、与自然和谐相处的短文； 3. 提出保护自然环境的建议或方案 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点 1：In this unit, let's explore the meaning of looking into nature and discover its wonders.（教材 P67） 在本单元，让我们探索观察自然的意义，发现它的奇迹。 ① look into 固定短语，意为 “探索；调查；观察”，此处侧重 “观察、探究自然” 例：Scientists are looking into the causes of the rare phenomenon.（科学家们正在探究这一罕见现象的成因。） ② explore v. 探索；探究，其名词形式为 exploration（探索） 例：They plan to explore the deep forest next month.（他们计划下个月去探索那片茂密的森林。） 知识点 2：Nature is full of wonders waiting to be explored.（教材 P67） 大自然充满了有待探索的奇迹。 ① wonder n. 奇观；奇迹，为可数名词，复数形式为 wonders 【固定搭配】full of wonders 充满奇迹 例：The Grand Canyon is one of the natural wonders of the world.（科罗拉多大峡谷是世界自然奇观之一。） ② 现在分词短语 waiting to be explored 作后置定语，修饰 wonders，表主动和将来 例：There are many books waiting for you to read.（有很多书等着你去读。） 知识点 3：All creatures depend on each other to survive in the wild.（教材 P68） 所有生物在野外都相互依赖以求生存。 ① creature n. 生物；动物，为可数名词 例：There are all kinds of creatures in the ocean.（海洋里有各种各样的生物。） ② depend on 固定短语，意为 “依赖；依靠”，后接名词、代词或宾语从句 例：Plants depend on sunlight and water to grow.（植物依赖阳光和水生长。） ③ survive v. 生存；存活，常用搭配 survive in（在…… 中生存），survive from（从…… 中存活） 例：Few animals can survive in the desert without water.（没有水，很少有动物能在沙漠中生存。） 知识点 4：Some species have adapted to the changing climate over thousands of years.（教材 P69） 数千年来，一些物种已经适应了不断变化的气候。 ① adapt v. 适应；适合，常用搭配 adapt to（适应……） 例：It takes time for a new student to adapt to the school life.（新生需要时间适应学校生活。） ② climate n. 气候，指某一地区长期的天气状况；weather 指短期的天气变化 例：The climate in this area is warm and wet all year round.（这个地区的气候全年温暖湿润。） 知识点 5：Humans should live in harmony with nature instead of destroying it.（教材 P70） 人类应该与自然和谐相处，而不是破坏它。 ① in harmony with 固定短语，意为 “与…… 和谐相处” 例：We should try to live in harmony with all living things.（我们应该努力与所有生物和谐相处。） ② destroy v. 破坏；毁灭，其名词形式为 destruction（破坏） 例：Cutting down too many trees will destroy the habitats of animals.（砍伐过多的树木会破坏动物的栖息地。） 知识点 6：The forest is home to many rare species, so we must protect it from being destroyed.（教材 P71） 这片森林是许多稀有物种的家园，所以我们必须保护它不被破坏。 ① be home to 固定短语，意为 “是…… 的家园”，不用冠词 例：The Amazon rainforest is home to millions of plants and animals.（亚马逊雨林是数百万动植物的家园。） ② protect...from... 固定短语，意为 “保护…… 免受……”，from 后接名词或动名词 例：We wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the strong sunlight.（我们戴太阳镜保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的伤害。） 知识点 7：Thanks to the efforts of environmentalists, many endangered animals have been saved.（教材 P72） 多亏了环保人士的努力，许多濒危动物得救了。 ① thanks to 固定短语，意为 “由于；多亏”，后接名词、代词或动名词短语 例：Thanks to his help, I finished the task on time.（多亏了他的帮助，我按时完成了任务。） ② endangered adj. 濒危的；有灭绝危险的，常用搭配 endangered species（濒危物种） 例：Giant pandas are one of the most famous endangered species in the world.（大熊猫是世界上最著名的濒危物种之一。） 知识点 8：It is important to take action before it's too late to conserve natural resources.（教材 P73） 在保护自然资源还来得及之前采取行动是很重要的。 ① take action 固定短语，意为 “采取行动”，action 为不可数名词，也可说 take actions（强调具体的行动） 例：We must take action to stop pollution.（我们必须采取行动阻止污染。） ② conserve v. 保护；保存，侧重 “合理利用、节约以保护”，与 protect 相比更强调 “可持续性” 例：We should conserve water by turning off the tap when not in use.（我们应该在不用水时关掉水龙头以节约用水。） ③ natural resources 固定短语，意为 “自然资源” 例：Oil, coal and water are important natural resources.（石油、煤炭和水是重要的自然资源。） 知识点 9：The breathtaking scenery of the mountains attracts thousands of tourists every year.（教材 P74） 这片山脉令人惊叹的景色每年吸引着成千上万的游客。 ① breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的；惊人的，常用于修饰景物、表演等 例：We were all shocked by the breathtaking view from the top of the mountain.（山顶上令人惊叹的景色让我们所有人都感到震撼。） ② attract v. 吸引，常用搭配 attract sb. to sp.（吸引某人去某地） 例：The beautiful beach attracts many visitors to this small town.（美丽的海滩吸引着许多游客来到这个小镇。） 知识点 10：Small actions, such as planting a tree or saving water, can make a big difference to the environment.（教材 P75） 一些小行动，比如种一棵树或节约用水，都能对环境产生很大的影响。 ① make a difference 固定短语，意为 “产生影响；起作用”，后接介词 to 表示 “对…… 产生影响” 例：Your support will make a great difference to our project.（你的支持将对我们的项目产生很大影响。） ② such as 固定短语，意为 “比如；例如”，用于列举同类人或事物的部分例子 例：He likes outdoor activities, such as hiking and camping.（他喜欢户外活动，比如徒步旅行和露营。） 知识点 11：We wonder how these ancient trees have survived for hundreds of years.（教材 P76） 我们想知道这些古树是如何存活数百年的。 ① wonder v. 想知道；好奇，后接宾语从句、疑问词 + 不定式 例：I wonder if she will come to the party tomorrow.（我想知道她明天是否会来参加派对。） 例：He wondered how to solve the problem.（他想知道如何解决这个问题。） ② ancient adj. 古老的；远古的，修饰名词作定语 例：There are many ancient buildings in this city.（这座城市有许多古老的建筑。） 知识点 12：To protect nature, we should avoid cutting down trees and polluting rivers.（教材 P77） 为了保护自然，我们应该避免砍伐树木和污染河流。 ① 动词不定式短语 To protect nature 作目的状语，表 “为了……” 例：To improve his health, he exercises every morning.（为了改善健康，他每天早上锻炼。） ② avoid v. 避免；避开，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式 例：You should avoid making mistakes in your homework.（你应该避免在作业中出错。） ③ cut down 固定短语，意为 “砍伐；削减”，此处指 “砍伐树木” 例：It's illegal to cut down trees in the protected area.（在保护区砍伐树木是违法的。） 知识点 13：Many animals are in danger because their habitats are being destroyed.（教材 P78） 许多动物处于危险中，因为它们的栖息地正在被破坏。 ① in danger 固定短语，意为 “处于危险中”，其反义短语为 out of danger（脱离危险） 例：This kind of bird is in danger of dying out.（这种鸟有灭绝的危险。） ② 现在进行时的被动语态 are being destroyed，表示 “正在被破坏”，强调当前正在发生的被动动作 例：The old building is being repaired now.（那座旧建筑现在正在被修缮。） 知识点 14：Nature has inspired many artists and writers to create great works.（教材 P79） 自然启发了许多艺术家和作家创作伟大的作品。 ① inspire v. 启发；鼓舞，常用搭配 inspire sb. to do sth.（启发 / 鼓舞某人做某事） 例：The teacher's words inspired her to study harder.（老师的话鼓舞她更加努力学习。） ② create v. 创造；创作，其名词形式为 creation（创造）、creator（创造者） 例：She spent three months creating this beautiful painting.（她花了三个月时间创作这幅美丽的画作。） 知识点 15：There is a variety of plants in the garden, each with its own unique beauty.（教材 P80） 花园里有各种各样的植物，每种都有其独特的美。 ① a variety of 固定短语，意为 “各种各样的”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，同义表达为 various 例：There are a variety of books in the library.（图书馆里有各种各样的书。） ② unique adj. 独特的；独一无二的，无比较级和最高级形式 例：Everyone has a unique personality.（每个人都有独特的个性。） 知识点 16：All living things play an important role in maintaining the balance of nature.（教材 P81） 所有生物在维持自然平衡中都扮演着重要的角色。 ① play a role in 固定短语，意为 “在…… 中起作用 / 扮演角色”，in 后接名词或动名词 例：Computers play an important role in our daily life.（电脑在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。） ② balance n. 平衡；v. 使平衡，此处指 “自然平衡” 例：It's difficult to keep balance on a tightrope.（在钢丝上保持平衡很难。） 例：We need to balance work and rest.（我们需要平衡工作和休息。） 单元语法：现在进行时与不定式的用法 1. 现在进行时 1) 句型结构：主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 (+ 其他) 2) 核心用法： ① 表示当前正在发生的动作 例：They are exploring the rainforest now.（他们现在正在探索雨林。） ② 表示当前一段时间内正在进行的动作（不一定此时此刻正在做） 例：Scientists are doing research on rare species these days.（这些天科学家们正在对稀有物种进行研究。） ③ 表示当前的状态或趋势 例：The environment is getting better with people's efforts.（在人们的努力下，环境正在变得更好。） 3) 易错点：瞬间动词（如 come, go, die 等）一般不用于现在进行时，若用于则表示 “即将发生” 例：The train is leaving in five minutes.（火车五分钟后就要开了。） 2. 不定式的用法 1) 句型结构：to + 动词原形（否定形式：not to + 动词原形），部分动词后可省略 to 2) 核心用法： ① 作目的状语，表 “为了……” 例：We go to school to learn knowledge.（我们去上学是为了学习知识。） ② 作定语，修饰名词或代词，表 “要做的、待完成的” 例：There are many things to do today.（今天有很多事情要做。） ③ 作宾语，用于某些动词后（如 want, hope, decide, try, learn 等） 例：She wants to protect endangered animals.（她想保护濒危动物。） ④ 作宾语补足语，用于某些动词后（如 ask, tell, want, encourage 等） 例：The teacher encouraged us to take action to protect nature.（老师鼓励我们采取行动保护自然。） 3) 易错点：avoid, mind, enjoy, finish 等动词后接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式 单元写作：保护自然与和谐共生 写作主题：本单元围绕 “探索自然、与自然和谐相处” 展开，要求学生运用所学词汇、语法及句式，描述自然奇观、生物的生存状态，阐述保护自然的重要性，或提出保护自然环境的建议。主要写作维度有：1）自然的神奇与价值；2）当前自然环境面临的问题；3）保护自然的具体行动与建议；4）人与自然和谐共生的意义。 中考命题角度：描述一处你见过的自然奇观；讲述保护某种动植物的故事；阐述保护自然环境的重要性；提出保护家乡自然环境的具体建议等。 写作框架 高分词汇与句型 1. 词汇：nature, wonder, creature, protect, conserve, harmony, balance, habitat, species, environment, pollution, resource, survive, adapt, inspire 2. 句型： 1) Nature provides human beings with necessary living resources. 2) It is everyone's responsibility to protect the environment and live in harmony with nature. 3) We should take immediate action to stop destroying nature before it's too late. 4) Small changes in our daily life can make a big difference to the planet. （时间：30 分钟，满分：50 分） 一、单词拼写（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. We should try our best to protect the rare ______ (物种) from dying out. 2. The ______ (气候) in this region has changed a lot over the past ten years. 3. It's our duty to ______ (保护) the environment for future generations. 4. The ______ (栖息地) of many animals is being destroyed by human activities. 5. The ______ (令人惊叹的) view of the sunset over the sea attracted many photographers. 6. Plants and animals ______ (依赖) on each other to maintain the balance of nature. 7. Many ancient ______ (生物) have disappeared from the Earth. 8. We need to ______ (节约) natural resources such as water and oil. 9. The artist was ______ (启发) by the beauty of nature to create this masterpiece. 10. Humans should live in ______ (和谐) with all living things. 【答案】 1. species 2. climate 3. protect 4. habitat 5. breathtaking 6. depend 7. creatures 8. conserve 9. inspired 10. harmony 【解析】 1. 句意：我们应该尽力保护稀有物种免于灭绝。根据汉语提示及词性可知，填名词 species（单复数同形）。 2. 句意：过去十年间，这个地区的气候变化很大。根据汉语提示及词性可知，填名词 climate。 3. 句意：为后代保护环境是我们的责任。根据汉语提示及不定式符号 to 可知，填动词原形 protect。 4. 句意：许多动物的栖息地正被人类活动破坏。根据汉语提示及词性可知，填名词 habitat（此处为泛指，可用单数或复数 habitats）。 5. 句意：海上日落令人惊叹的景色吸引了许多摄影师。根据汉语提示及词性可知，填形容词 breathtaking。 6. 句意：动植物相互依赖以维持自然平衡。根据汉语提示及语境可知，填动词 depend（主语为复数，用原形）。 7. 句意：许多古代生物已经从地球上消失了。根据汉语提示及 many 可知，填复数名词 creatures。 8. 句意：我们需要节约水和石油等自然资源。根据汉语提示及不定式符号 to 可知，填动词原形 conserve。 9. 句意：这位艺术家受到自然之美的启发，创作了这幅杰作。根据汉语提示及被动语态结构可知，填过去分词 inspired。 10. 句意：人类应该与所有生物和谐相处。根据汉语提示及固定短语 in harmony with 可知，填名词 harmony。 二、单项选择（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. Scientists are ______ the mysterious phenomenon in the deep sea. A. looking into B. looking up C. looking for D. looking after 2. Many animals can't ______ the changing environment and are dying out. A. adapt to B. depend on C. play a role in D. make a difference to 3. It's important for us to protect the environment ______ we can live in harmony with nature. A. so that B. even if C. as if D. as long as 4. The Amazon rainforest ______ home to millions of plants and animals. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. We should avoid ______ plastic bags to reduce pollution. A. use B. to use C. using D. used 6. Thanks ______ the efforts of the volunteers, the park has become much cleaner. A. for B. to C. with D. of 7. Some rare species ______ in danger of dying out if we don't take action. A. are B. were C. will be D. have been 8. The beautiful scenery of the mountains ______ thousands of tourists every year. A. attracts B. attracted C. is attracting D. will attract 9. Everyone can ______ a difference to the environment by doing small things. A. do B. make C. take D. get 10. — What are you going to do this weekend? — We are going to plant trees ______ protect the environment. A. in order to B. so as to C. both A and B D. instead of 【答案】 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C 【解析】 1. 句意：科学家们正在调查深海中的神秘现象。look into 意为 “调查；探索”，符合语境；look up 意为 “查阅；抬头看”；look for 意为 “寻找”；look after 意为 “照顾”。故选 A。 2. 句意：许多动物无法适应不断变化的环境，正在灭绝。adapt to 意为 “适应”，符合语境；depend on 意为 “依赖”；play a role in 意为 “在…… 中起作用”；make a difference to 意为 “对…… 产生影响”。故选 A。 3. 句意：保护好环境对我们来说很重要，这样我们才能与自然和谐相处。so that 意为 “以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句，符合语境；even if 意为 “即使”；as if 意为 “好像”；as long as 意为 “只要”。故选 A。 4. 句意：亚马逊雨林是数百万动植物的家园。be home to 意为 “是…… 的家园”，主语为单数，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时 is。故选 A。 5. 句意：我们应该避免使用塑料袋以减少污染。avoid 后接动名词作宾语，意为 “避免做某事”。故选 C。 6. 句意：多亏了志愿者们的努力，这个公园变得干净多了。thanks to 意为 “由于；多亏”，固定搭配。故选 B。 7. 句意：如果我们不采取行动，一些稀有物种将会面临灭绝的危险。if 引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。故选 C。 8. 句意：这片山脉的美丽景色每年吸引着成千上万的游客。根据 every year 可知用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 attracts。故选 A。 9. 句意：每个人都可以通过做小事来对环境产生影响。make a difference 意为 “产生影响”，固定短语。故选 B。 10. 句意：—— 这个周末你打算做什么？—— 我们打算种树来保护环境。in order to 和 so as to 都意为 “为了”，后接动词原形表目的，可互换。故选 C。 三、完成句子（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1. 人类应该与自然和谐相处。(in harmony with) Humans should live ______ ______ ______ nature. 2. 我们必须采取行动保护濒危动物。(take action) We must ______ ______ to protect endangered animals. 3. 植物依赖阳光和水生长。(depend on) Plants ______ ______ sunlight and water to grow. 4. 多亏了他的帮助，我们成功完成了项目。(thanks to) ______ ______ his help, we successfully finished the project. 5. 砍伐树木会破坏动物的栖息地。(cut down) ______ ______ trees will destroy animals' habitats. 【答案】 1. in harmony with 2. take action 3. depend on 4. Thanks to 5. Cutting down 【解析】 1. 考查固定短语。“与…… 和谐相处” 译为 in harmony with，为固定搭配。 2. 考查固定短语。“采取行动” 译为 take action，must 后接动词原形。 3. 考查固定短语和时态。“依赖” 译为 depend on，主语 plants 为复数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，填 depend on。 4. 考查固定短语。“多亏了” 译为 Thanks to，注意句首首字母大写。 5. 考查固定短语和动名词作主语。“砍伐” 译为 cut down，此处作主语，用动名词形式 Cutting down。 四、阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） The Magic of the Coral Reef Coral reefs are one of the most amazing natural wonders on Earth. They are often called "the rainforests of the sea" because they are home to thousands of species of fish, plants and other creatures. Coral reefs cover less than 0.1% of the ocean floor, but they support more than 25% of all marine species. Coral reefs are not just rocks. They are made up of tiny living creatures called coral polyps. These polyps live in groups and secrete a hard substance that forms the structure of the reef. Coral reefs grow very slowly—only about 1 to 2 centimeters per year. Some coral reefs have been around for millions of years. However, coral reefs are in great danger now. Climate change is causing the ocean temperature to rise, which makes the coral turn white and die. Pollution from factories and farms is also harming the reefs. Plastic waste in the ocean can get stuck on the reefs and kill the polyps. In addition, overfishing is destroying the balance of the marine ecosystem. But there is hope. Many organizations and individuals are working hard to protect coral reefs. Scientists are researching ways to help coral reefs adapt to climate change. Volunteers are cleaning up plastic waste from the ocean. Governments are making laws to stop overfishing and pollution. We can also do our part to protect coral reefs. For example, we can reduce our carbon footprint by saving energy and using public transport. We can also avoid buying products that harm coral reefs, such as certain sunscreens. Every small action can help save these beautiful natural wonders. 1. Why are coral reefs called "the rainforests of the sea"? A. They are as big as rainforests. B. They grow in the same area as rainforests. C. They support a large number of species. D. They are made up of tiny plants. 2. What does the underlined word "secrete" mean in Chinese? A. 吸收 B. 分泌 C. 消耗 D. 储存 3. Which of the following is NOT a threat to coral reefs? A. Rising ocean temperatures. B. Plastic pollution. C. Overfishing. D. Marine protected areas. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Coral reefs grow very quickly. B. Only scientists can protect coral reefs. C. If we take action, coral reefs can be saved. D. Coral reefs are not important for the marine ecosystem. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Coral reefs are home to many marine species. B. Coral reefs are in danger and need protection. C. How coral reefs are formed. D. Why coral reefs are important. 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 【解析】 1. 细节理解题。根据 “they are home to thousands of species of fish, plants and other creatures” 可知，珊瑚礁被称为 “海洋雨林” 是因为它们支撑着大量物种的生存。故选 C。 2. 词义猜测题。根据 “a hard substance that forms the structure of the reef” 可推测，珊瑚虫会 “分泌” 一种坚硬物质来形成珊瑚礁的结构。故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，海洋温度上升、塑料污染、过度捕捞都是珊瑚礁面临的威胁；海洋保护区是保护措施，不是威胁。故选 D。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段可知，许多组织、个人和科学家都在努力保护珊瑚礁，我们也能尽一份力，由此可推断 “如果我们采取行动，珊瑚礁可以被拯救”。故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。文章介绍了珊瑚礁的重要性、面临的威胁以及保护措施，核心是 “珊瑚礁处于危险中，需要保护”。故选 B。 五、语法填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） Nature is full of wonders. Every day, we 1. ______ (discover) new things about the world around us. Coral reefs, for example, 2. ______ (be) home to millions of marine creatures. But now, they 3. ______ (face) great danger. Climate change 4. ______ (cause) the ocean temperature to rise. As a result, many corals 5. ______ (turn) white and dying. Pollution is another big problem. Factories and farms 6. ______ (pour) waste into the ocean, which 7. ______ (harm) the coral polyps. Overfishing 8. ______ (also, destroy) the balance of the marine ecosystem. We must 9. ______ (take) action to protect coral reefs. We can 10. ______ (save) energy to reduce carbon emissions. We can also 11. ______ (avoid) using plastic products. Scientists 12. ______ (research) ways to help corals adapt to the changing environment. With everyone's effort, coral reefs 13. ______ (survive) for future generations. In fact, protecting coral reefs is protecting ourselves. They 14. ______ (provide) us with food and protect the coastline from storms. Let's work together to keep these natural wonders alive. 【答案】 1. discover 2. are 3. are facing 4. is causing 5. are turning 6. are pouring 7. harms 8. also destroys 9. take 10. save 11. avoid 12. are researching 13. will survive 14. provide 【解析】 1. 句意：每天，我们都在发现关于周围世界的新事物。根据 every day 可知用一般现在时，主语 we 为复数，填 discover。 2. 句意：例如，珊瑚礁是数百万海洋生物的家园。描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 coral reefs 为复数，填 are。 3. 句意：但现在，它们正面临巨大的危险。根据 now 可知用现在进行时，填 are facing。 4. 句意：气候变化正在导致海洋温度上升。描述当前正在发生的动作，用现在进行时，主语 climate change 为单数，填 is causing。 5. 句意：结果，许多珊瑚正在变白并死亡。根据语境可知用现在进行时，填 are turning。 6. 句意：工厂和农场正在向海洋排放废物。描述当前正在发生的动作，用现在进行时，主语为复数，填 are pouring。 7. 句意：这伤害了珊瑚虫。定语从句中，关系代词 which 指代前文的污染行为，谓语动词用单数，填 harms。 8. 句意：过度捕捞也在破坏海洋生态系统的平衡。描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 overfishing 为单数，填 also destroys。 9. 句意：我们必须采取行动保护珊瑚礁。must 后接动词原形，填 take。 10. 句意：我们可以节约能源以减少碳排放。can 后接动词原形，填 save。 11. 句意：我们也可以避免使用塑料产品。can 后接动词原形，填 avoid。 12. 句意：科学家们正在研究帮助珊瑚适应不断变化的环境的方法。描述当前正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，主语为复数，填 are researching。 13. 句意：在每个人的努力下，珊瑚礁将为后代存活下去。根据语境可知用一般将来时，填 will survive。 14. 句意：它们为我们提供食物，并保护海岸线免受风暴侵袭。描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 they 为复数，填 provide。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 15 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $