专题-1 形容词比较级和最高级（语法培优）-【优秀生培养计划-巩固与提升】2026年 八年级寒假作业 快人一步系列（译林版）

优秀生培养计划 专题-1 形容词比较级和最高级（新教材译林版） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 能力专项培优 解题综合提升 一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成 用法介绍 形容词比较级用于两者之间的比较，表 “较……”“更……”；最高级用于三者及以上比较，表 “最……”，最高级前通常加定冠词 the。两者的构成需根据单词音节数遵循不同规则。 词类 构成规则 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词及部分双音节词 大多数词后加 - er 或 - est great greater greatest 以字母 e 结尾的词加 - r 或 - st large larger largest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写尾字母加 - er 或 - est hot hotter hottest 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的词，变 y 为 i 加 - ier 或 - iest early earlier earliest 多音节词及部分双音节词 在词前加 more 或 most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 注意事项 1. 发音规则：比较级词尾 “er” 读作 /ə/，最高级 “est” 读作 /ɪst/；原级词末为不发音的 “l” 时，加 “er/est” 后 “r” 发音（如 clear→clearer /'klɪərə/）；原级词末为 /ŋ/ 时，加 “er/est” 后需加 /g/ 音（如 long→longer /'lɒŋɡə/）。 2. 不规则变化：需特殊记忆，如 good→better→best，bad→worse→worst，many/much→more→most。 3. 双重变化：部分形容词有两种变化形式（如 clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever），使用时均可。 二、形容词比较级和最高级的用法 用法介绍 比较级和最高级的用法需结合句型体现比较对象和范围，常见结构包括两者比较、三者及以上比较、程度修饰等。 级别 常见句型及用法 示例 比较级 1. 比较级 + than（两者比较） This book is more interesting than that one.（这本书比那本有趣。） 2. Which/Who...+ 比较级，...or...？（两者中选择） Who is taller, Tom or Jim?（汤姆和吉姆，谁更高？） 3. 比较级前加 a little/much/even 等表程度 She is much taller than me.（她比我高得多。） 4. 比较级 + and + 比较级（表 “越来越……”） It’s getting colder and colder.（天气越来越冷。） 最高级 1. the + 最高级 + 比较范围（in/of/among）（三者及以上比较） She is the youngest in her family.（她是家里最小的。） 2. 形容词性物主代词 + 最高级（表 “某人 / 物的最……”，前不加 the） This is my best friend.（这是我最好的朋友。） 3. 序数词 + 最高级（表 “第几最……”） The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.（黄河是中国第二长河。） 注意事项 1. 比较对象一致性：比较的双方必须是同类事物（如错误：Her bag is bigger than me. 正确：Her bag is bigger than mine.）。 2. 最高级的 the：形容词最高级前通常加 the，但若有形容词性物主代词修饰则省略（如 “his oldest son” 无需加 the）。 3. 范围介词：of/among 后接表示人或物的群体（如 of the three），in 后接表示范围的场所或单位（如 in the class）。 一、单项选择 1．In my eyes, Nantong is more beautiful than ________ city in Jiangsu. A．any B．other C．any other D．the other 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我看来，南通比江苏任何其他一个城市都要更漂亮。 考查代词的用法。any任何一个；other其他的，后接可数名词复数；any other任何其他一个；the other另一个，指两者中的另一个。根据“In my eyes, Nantong is more beautiful than...city in Jiangsu.”可知，此处应该是把南通和江苏的其他城市作比较，且南通本来就属于江苏，排除A和D；空后的“city”为单数形式，排除B。故选C。 2．________ the mountain is, ________ the air is. A．The highest, the thinnest B．Higher, thinner C．The higher, the thinner D．The high, the thin 【答案】C 【详解】句意：山越高，空气越稀薄。 考查比较级的用法。“the+比较级…, the+比较级…”表示“越……越……”，此处是山越高，空气越稀薄。high“高的”，是形容词，比较级是higher； thin“薄的”，是形容词，比较级是thinner。故选C。 3．—With its ancient buildings and beautiful scenery, Mount Qingcheng is one of ________ tourist destinations (目的地) in China. —Yes, it attracts millions of visitors every year. A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——青城山有古老的建筑和美丽的风景，是中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。——是的，它每年吸引数百万的游客。 考查形容词的等级。根据“Mount Qingcheng is one of...tourist destinations (目的地) in China”可知，此处是“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”意为“最……的……之一”，空格处需填入“the+最高级”。故选C。 4．—I think Tony is as ________ as his elder sister. —Right. But his elder sister is much ________ than him. A．smart; hard-working B．smarter; hard-working C．smarter; more hard-working D．smart; more hard-working 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我认为托尼和他姐姐一样聪明。——对。但是他姐姐比他勤奋得多。 考查形容词原级和比较级。smart聪明的，形容词原级；smarter更聪明的，形容词比较级；hard-working勤奋的，形容词原级；more hard-working更勤奋的，形容词比较级。根据“as...as”可知，第一空应该用形容词原级，表示“和……一样”，所以第一空用smart；根据“than”可知，第二空应该用形容词比较级，表示“比……更……”，所以第二空用more hard-working。故选D。 5．The ________ you take your study, the ________ grades you will get. A．serious; good B．more serious; better C．seriously; good D．more seriously; better 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你越认真地学习，你的成绩就会越好。 考查比较级的用法以及副词的用法。结合语境可知，此处用结构“the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，就越……”，排除AC；第一个空修饰动词take用副词，排除B。故选D。 6．It means ________ waste for students if they learn ways to save energy at a green school and recycle at home. A．more B．less C．many D．much 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对学生来说，如果他们在绿色学校里学习节约能源的方法和在家里回收利用，这意味着更少的浪费。 考查形容词辨析。more更多的；less更少的；many很多，修饰可数名词复数；much很多，修饰不可数名词。根据“they learn ways to save energy at a green school and recycle at home.”可知，节约能源和回收利用意味着更少的浪费。故选B。 7．________ you work, ________ grades you will get. A．The more; the better B．The harder; the better C．The hard; the good D．The hardest; the best 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你工作越努力，你就越能取得更好的成绩。 考查比较级的用法。根据“... you work, ... grades you will get”可知，此处是“the+比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓”的结构，表示“越……，就越……”，排除C、D选项。more更多的；harder更努力地。由“work”可知，空一处是努力工作，用hard的比较级harder，排除A选项。故选B。 8．Dick is good at drawing. His pictures are always _______among all the works in his class. A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．the most beautiful D．much more beautiful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：迪克擅长画画。他的画总是班上所有作品中最美的。A. beautiful漂亮的；B. more beautiful更漂亮的；C. the most beautiful最漂亮的；D. much more beautiful漂亮得多。根据in his class.可知这里用形容词最高级。the most beautiful表示最漂亮的。根据题意，故选C。 9．The ________ you work, the ________ mistakes you will make, I believe. A．more carefully; fewer B．more carefully; less C．more careful; fewer D．more careful; less 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我相信，你工作越认真，犯的错误就会越少。 考查比较级用法以及形容词辨析。根据“The…you work, the…mistakes you will make, I believe.”可知，此处为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……就越……”，第一空修饰动词work，用副词比较级carefully；第二空修饰可数名词复数mistakes，用fewer修饰，less修饰不可数名词。故选A。 10．—Dad. Could you buy me a new computer like this? —Of course. We can buy a ______ one than this, but it will be ______ this one. A．cheaper; as well as B．more expensive; as good as C．cheaper; as good as D．more expensive; as well as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——爸爸。你能给我买一台这样的新电脑吗？——当然。我们可以买一个比这个便宜的，但它和这个一样好。 考查形容词辨析和比较级。cheaper更便宜的；more expensive更贵的；as good as与……一样好，good是形容词；as well as与……一样好，well是副词。第一空，根据“than”可知，爸爸同意买电脑，但建议可以买更便宜的，排除B项和D项；第二空，此处作表语，应用形容词good，形容电脑的质量，排除A项。故选C。 11．Jack is ________ of the three brothers, but he is ________ than Tom and Mike and he often makes mistakes when doing homework. A．the most intelligent; more careful B．the most intelligent; less careful C．the least intelligent; more careful D．the least intelligent; less careful 【答案】B 【详解】句意：杰克是三兄弟中最聪明的，但他没有汤姆和迈克细心，而且他在做家庭作业时经常出错。 考查形容词比较级和最高级。intelligent“聪明的”最高级形式是most intelligent，最高级前面要加定冠词the；careful“细心的”比较级形式是在词前面加more/less，less careful“更粗心的”。根据题干中but可知，此处应该是转折，所以第一空应该是“最聪明的”，第二空应该是“更粗心的”，所以第一空用the most intelligent；根据“he often makes mistakes when doing homework.”可知，第二空用less careful。故选B。 12．__________ you study, __________ you will feel. A．harder; happier B．The harder; the happier C．harder; happily D．The harder; the more happily 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你越努力学习，你就会感到越快乐。 考查The+比较级..., the+比较级...。根据句意和结构可知这句话使用固定句型：The+比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓；表示“越……，越……”，排除A/C；第二个空的feel是系动词，后跟形容词，因此排除D。故选B。 13．—Which sport do you like ________? —Football. It’s ________ of all sports, I think. A．more; interesting B．best; the most interesting C．best; more interesting D．better; interested 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最喜欢哪项运动？——足球。我认为它是所有运动里最有趣的。 考查最高级用法。根据答句中“of all sports”可知，是三者及以上比较，故问句和答句都需用最高级，well的最高级是best，修饰动词like，故第一个空填best；答句中形容词interesting“有趣的”的最高级是most interesting，前面用定冠词the。故选B。 14．I think Deng Chao is one of ______ stars. I like him very much. A．famous B．more famous C．the most famous D．most famous 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为邓超是最著名的明星之一。我非常喜欢他。考查形容词。A. famous著名的； B. more famous比较著名的，famous的比较级； C. the most famous最著名的，famous的最高级；D. most famous 最著名的，famous的最高级，形容词的最高级前要用定冠词the修饰，故D错误。one of：…之一；结合语境和句意可知用最高级，故选C。 15．Jingyue Park is one of ________ parks in Changchun. Many tourists like to visit there. A．famous B．more famous C．most famous D．the most famous 【答案】D 【详解】句意：净月公园是长春最著名的公园之一。许多游客喜欢去那里。 考查形容词最高级。由题干中“one of”可知，此处是结构“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”，表示“最……之一”。故选D。 二、完成句子 16．我们为保护环境付出的努力越多，空气就会越清新。 The more efforts we make to protect the environment, the air will be. 【答案】 the fresher 【详解】分析句子可知，此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……就越……”；fresh“清新的”，其比较级为fresher。故填the；fresher。 17．我们为自己是中国人而自豪，因为中国是世界上最伟大的国家之一。 We Chinese because China is one of the greatest in the world. 【答案】【小题1】are proud of being 【小题2】countries 【详解】中英文对照，第一个空考查固定短语“以……为自豪”be proud of sth/doing sth。主语是we，be动词用are；“成为中国人”be Chinese，跟在of后，用being；第二个空one of +可数名词复数，country的复数countries。故填are proud of being；countries。 18．Zhanghua is 1.5 meters tall. Li Weifeng is 1.6 meters tall.(改为同义句) Zhanghua is Li Weifeng. 【答案】 shorter than 【详解】句意：张华身高1.5米。李伟峰身高1.6米。 根据“Zhanghua is 1.5 meters tall. Li Weifeng is 1.6 meters tall.” 张华身高1.5米。李伟峰身高1.6米。 这说明， 张华比李伟峰矮。short“矮的”，此处要用比较级shorter；than“比”。 故填shorter；than。 19．金星和水星是距离太阳最近的两颗行星。 Venus and Mercury are to the Sun. 【答案】 the two closest planets 【详解】根据句意可知，此处要表达“距离……最近的两颗行星”，用“the + 序数词/形容词最高级 + 名词”结构来表示，“两颗行星”是“two planets”，“最近的”是最高级“closest”，前面要加定冠词“the” 。故填the；two；closest；planets。 20．多亏了她，我变得越来越外向。 Thanks to her, I am becoming . 【答案】 more and more outgoing 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“越来越外向”。“比较级 + and + 比较级”是固定结构，意为“越来越……”，outgoing的比较级为more outgoing，因此“越来越外向”的英文表达为more and more outgoing。故填more；and；more；outgoing。 21．在你们班，谁的家离学校最远。 Whose home is    away from our school in your class? 【答案】 the farthest /furthest 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，句子缺少“最远”，far远的，形容词，其最高级形式是farthest /furthest，形容词的最高级前要加定冠词the，故填the; farthest /furthest。 22．从上海到广州最便宜的出行方式是什么？ to go from Shanghai to Guangzhou? 【答案】 What's the cheapest way 【详解】根据汉语可知，句子要用what提问；“最便宜的方式”是 the cheapest way，用最高级修饰名词；特殊疑问句是由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成，根据汉语可知，该句用系动词，根据主语是单数，所以用is，故填What's the cheapest way。 23．郎朗是我心目中的英雄，因为他是世界上最伟大的钢琴家之一。 Lang Lang is my hero he is the greatest in the world. 【答案】 because one of pianists 【详解】根据中英文对比分析可知，缺失内容为“因为”、“最……之一”、“钢琴家”，其英文为because，one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，pianist“钢琴家”，此处应用复数形式。故填because；one；of；pianists。 24．"一带一路" 规划让中国变得越来越强大。 "One Belt, One Road" project makes China . 【答案】 stronger      and stronger 【详解】句意："一带一路" 规划让中国变得越来越强大。 短语make sth./sb. adj.：使某人或某物是什么样子的；形容词比较级 and 形容词比较级：越来越…,stronger and stronger: 越来越强大；结合句意和提示可知答案是  (1). stronger         (2). and        (3). Stronger  。 25．Pingshu is my grandma’s favourite. It’s （最传统的之一） art forms in China. 【答案】one of the most traditional 【详解】句意：评书是我奶奶最喜欢的。这是中国最传统的艺术形式之一。 根据汉语提示可知，此处是考查“最……之一”：one of the +最高级+可数名词复数；最传统的the most traditional，所以“最传统的艺术形式之一”应该表达为one of the most traditional art forms。故答案为one of the most traditional。 26．与城市的生活相比农村的生活似乎更加舒适。 , life in the countryside 【答案】 Compared with the city seems more comfortable 【详解】compared with“和……相比较”，过去分词作状语，city“城市”；seem+形容词，表示“似乎是……”；more comfortable“更加舒服”。时态是一般现在时，主语life是第三人称单数，seem用三单形式。故填Compared with the city；seems more comfortable。 27．The high-speed maglev train in China is faster than any other country’s around the world. （同义句） The high-speed maglev train in China is around the world. 【答案】the fastest 【详解】句意：中国磁悬浮列车比世界上其他国家任何的列车都要快。“faster than any other country’s比世界上其他国家任何的列车都要快”即是最快的，因此转换的句子要使用形容词的最高级形式。形容词最高级前加the，空格处填the fastest。故填the fastest。 28．The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. （改为同义句） The Yangtze River is river in China. 【答案】 the longest 【详解】句意：长江比中国任何一条河都长。观察句子，原句用的是比较级表示最高级的句型之一：形容词比较级+than any other+名词单数。可知这里可以直接用最高级句型表示“长江是中国最长的一条河”，故填the longest。 29．与其说他是个演员，不如说他是个歌唱家。 He is a singer an actor. 【答案】 more than 【详解】与其说……不如说……：more...than...，固定短语，前后singer与actor的词性一致。故填more；than。 30．如今，共享汽车变得越来越受欢迎。 Nowadays, shared cars are becoming more and more . 【答案】popular 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处表达“受欢迎的”使用popular；“越来越……”使用比较级结构more and more+形容词原级。故填popular。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear Millie, You asked me about the Dragon Boat Festival. Now let me tell you something about it. The Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional Chinese festival we Chinese have celebrated for 1 (century), to be exact, almost for 2000 years. It’s one of the three most important lunar festivals in China, along with the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. The Dragon Boat Festival takes place on the 2 (thirty-one) of May this year. Throughout the years, many stories have been told about the beginning of this festival. Among them, the most famous one is about Qu Yuan, a well-known scholar in ancient China. He not only wrote good poems but also gave 3 (suggest) to the king. 4 he loved his country so much, the king didn’t like him. This great person drowned (溺) 5 (he) in the Miluo River on the 5th day of the 5th Chinese lunar month because his Chu State fell to Qin State. Local people 6 (offer) to save him or find his body, but they were not 7 (success). Qu Yuan was later considered as 8 important hero in history. 9 (remember) him, every fifth day of the lunar month, members in all teams beat drums and go boat racing on the river as they once did to drive fish away from his body. Meanwhile, people have a lot of fun together, no matter which team is 10 (fast). Dragon boat racing is one of the most important customs to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival. If you are interested in it, you can also try to go online to look for more information. 【答案】 1. centuries 2. thirty-first 3. suggestions 4. Although 5. himself 6. offered 7. successful 8. an 9. To remember 10. the fastest 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统节日端午节的相关信息，包括其历史、相关人物屈原以及庆祝活动。 1. 句意：端午节是我们中国人已经庆祝了数个世纪的传统节日，确切地说，几乎有2000年了。“for centuries”是固定搭配，意为“数个世纪以来”，符合语境。故填centuries。 2. 句意：今年端午节在5月31日。表示“几月几日”中的“几日”需要用序数词，“thirty”的序数词形式是“thirty-first”，符合语境。故填thirty-first。 3. 句意：他不仅写得一手好诗，还向国王提出建议。“suggest”是动词，意为“建议”，此处需要用名词形式“suggestion”，且“suggestion”是可数名词，这里表示泛指，应用复数形式“suggestions”，“give suggestions to sb.”意为“给某人提建议”，符合语境。故填suggestions。 4. 句意：尽管他非常热爱自己的国家，但国王并不喜欢他。根据前后句的逻辑关系，此处表示让步，“although/Though”意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，符合语境。故填Although/Though。 5. 句意：这位伟人在农历五月初五那天，因为楚国被秦国所灭，投身汨罗江自尽了。“drown oneself”是固定用法，意为“自尽，淹死自己”，“he”的反身代词是“himself”，符合语境。故填himself。 6. 句意：当地人试图去救他或者找到他的尸体，但没有成功。根据上下文可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，“offer”的过去式是“offered”，“offer to do sth.”意为“主动提出做某事”，符合语境。故填offered。 7. 句意：当地人试图去救他或者找到他的尸体，但没有成功。“success”是名词，意为“成功”，此处需要用形容词形式“successful”，在句中作表语，“be successful”意为“成功的”，符合语境。故填successful。 8. 句意：屈原后来被视为历史上一位重要的英雄。“important”是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词“an”修饰，“an important hero”意为“一位重要的英雄”，符合语境。故填an。 9. 句意：为了纪念他，每年农历五月初五，各个队伍的成员都会击鼓，在河上进行龙舟比赛，就像他们以前为了把鱼从他的尸体旁赶走所做的那样。此处用动词不定式“to remember”作目的状语，意为“为了纪念”，符合语境。故填To remember。 10. 句意：同时，人们一起玩得很开心，不管哪支队伍是最快的。“the fastest” 是 “fast” 的最高级形式，表示 “最快的”，用来强调在所有参赛队伍中速度最快的那一支，符合语境。故填the fastest。   Passage 2 Have you ever seen pop-ups (弹出窗口) when you go online? These days it’s common for you to get a pop-up. It lets you 1 (put) the app in “teen mode (模式)” every time you begin to use apps. A lot of apps, especially video apps, have added this feature (功能) to protect teenagers. It’s said that it will bring teenagers 2 (good) experiences than before and make sure they’re using the apps in a healthier way. For example, some short video apps have the feature to prevent 3 (teenage) from watching videos for long and with the feature, they might only be allowed to watch for 40 minutes. The videos that teenagers can watch are made sure 4 (be) safe and even educational. There are no advertisements and teenagers cannot pay any money 5 the videos. In QQ’s teen mode, teenagers can only talk to people on their contact lists. 6 (they) chat records show Pinyin, which is useful for primary school students. However, the teen mode does not work for all apps, according to 7 recent report. There aren’t any 8 (different) between the teen mode and the normal mode in some apps. And in some video apps, the teen mode won’t start 9 users watch videos for 40 minutes. But users can get past it 10 clicking (点击) “I know” and continue watching. Though you can learn a lot from short videos, it’s necessary to control the time. 【答案】 1. put 2. better 3. teenagers 4. to be 5. for 6. Their 7. a 8. differences 9. until 10. by 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了多款应用软件为了保护青少年增加了青少年模式，但部分应用软件该模式效果欠佳。 1. 句意：它让你每次在开始使用应用程序时，将应用程序设置为“青少年模式”。根据“lets you...the app in ‘teen mode (模式)’”可知，此处考查使役动词let的用法let sb do sth.“让某人做某事”，表示将程序设置为“青少年模式”，put“放，置”需用动词原形。故填put。 2. 句意：据说这将给青少年带来比以前更好的体验，并确保他们以更健康的方式使用应用程序。根据“experiences than before”及提示词good可知，此处需用形容词good的比较级better“更好的”，修饰名词experiences，表示“更好的体验”。故填better。 3. 句意：例如，一些短视频应用程序具有阻止青少年长时间观看视频的功能，并且有了该功能，他们可能只允许观看40分钟。根据“...some short video apps have the feature to prevent... from watching videos for long”及提示词teenage可知，此处指“一些短视频应用程序具有阻止青少年长时间观看视频的功能”，应用形容词teenage“青少年的” 的名词复数形式teenagers作动词prevent的宾语。故填teenagers。 4. 句意：确保青少年可以观看的视频安全，甚至具有教育意义。根据“The videos that teenagers can watch are made sure...safe and even educational.”及提示词be可知，此处考查make sure to do sth.“务必做某事”的被动形式，空处应填动词不定式，表示“确保青少年可以观看的视频安全，甚至具有教育意义”。故填to be。 5. 句意：没有广告，青少年不能为视频支付任何费用。根据“teenagers cannot pay any...the videos”可知，此处考查pay money for...“为……付款”，因此空处应填for表示“青少年不能为视频支付任何费用”。故填for。 6. 句意：他们的聊天记录显示拼音，这对小学生很有用。根据“chat records”及提示词they可知，此处需用they的形容词性物主代词their，修饰空后名词，句首单词首字母大写。故填Their。 7. 句意：然而，根据最近的一份报告，青少年模式并不适用于所有的应用程序。根据“according to...recent report”及report为可数名词可知，空处缺不定冠词，表泛指，空后单词recent以辅音音素开头，因此空处应填不定冠词a，表示“最近的一份报告”。故填a。 8. 句意：在一些应用程序中，青少年模式和正常模式之间没有区别。根据“...between the teen mode and the normal mode in some apps”及提示词difference可知，此处是指两者之间没有区别，difference“差别”为可数名词，因此空处需用名词复数differences表泛指。故填differences。 9. 句意：在一些视频应用程序中，青少年模式会在用户观看视频40分钟后才会启动。根据“the teen mode won’t start...users watch videos for 40 minutes”可知，此处考查固定搭配not...until...“直到……才……”，此处表示“青少年模式会在用户观看视频40分钟后才会启动”。故填until。 10. 句意：但用户可以通过点击“我知道了”跳过它并继续观看。根据“But users can get past it...clicking(点击) “I know” and continue watching.”可知，空处缺介词，表示通过某种方式，介词by“通过，凭借”符合句意。故填by 。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The world is warming quickly. The last decade (2010—2019) was the 1 (hot) ever recorded, according to Climate Change Service. In 2019, the sea ice cap in the Arctic 2 (drop) to 1.6 million square miles, down from 2.44 million square miles in 2010. Of course, the Arctic ice isn’t 3 only thing that is lessening. Without sea ice, there will be no sea ice ecosystem. 4 (lose) that ecosystem means losing polar bears. Polar bears need sea ice 5 (raise) their babies and find their food. Without it, they will be hungry and their number 6 (be) smaller. It was reported that in 2015 they were getting 7 (create) to stay alive. They managed 8 (trap) some dolphins that swam into their homes (also because of the lack of ice). They didn’t eat the dolphins before, but since there was little food, they ate some of the dolphins, and then 9 (careful) stored the rest in snow to eat later. Some other problems may also greatly reduce their chance of 10 (live). Though polar bears can swim, they can’t go far for long. Their babies have even less ability to swim far. 【答案】 1. hottest 2. dropped 3. the 4. Losing 5. to raise 6. will be 7. creative 8. to trap 9. carefully 10. living 【导语】本文主要讲述了全球变暖导致北极海冰减少，进而影响北极熊的生存状况。 1. 句意：根据气候变化服务机构的报告，过去十年（2010—2019）是有记录以来最热的十年。根据“the ... ever recorded”可知，是指有记录以来最热的，用最高级hottest“最热的”。故填hottest。 2. 句意：2019年，北极的海冰盖面积从2010年的244万平方英里下降到160万平方英里。根据“In 2019”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填dropped。 3. 句意：当然，北极冰并不是唯一减少的东西。the only thing“唯一的事情”，用定冠词表特指。故填the。 4. 句意：失去这个生态系统意味着失去北极熊。空处在句中作主语，用动名词形式，且句首单词应大写首字母。故填Losing。 5. 句意：北极熊需要海冰来养育幼崽和寻找食物。need sth to do“需要某物来做某事”，空处用不定式。故填to raise。 6. 句意：没有海冰，它们会挨饿，数量也会减少。根据“will be”可知，此处用一般将来时。故填will be。 7. 句意：据报道，2015年它们为了生存变得更有创造力。根据“getting”是系动词可知，此处用形容词作表语，create的形容词为creative“有创造力的”。故填creative。 8. 句意：它们设法捕捉了一些游进它们家园的海豚（也是因为冰的减少）。manage to do sth“设法做某事”，空处用不定式形式。故填to trap。 9. 句意：它们以前不吃海豚，但自从有很少的食物后，它们吃了一些海豚，然后小心地将剩余的储存在雪中以备后用。空处修饰动词stored，用副词carefully“小心地”。故填carefully。 10. 句意：其他一些问题也可能大大减少它们的生存机会。of是介词，后跟动名词形式。故填living。 Passage 4 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 We Can’t Live Without Bees Imagine you go to the supermarket in 1 (you) area, but there are almost no fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, eggs or chocolate. How would you feel? 2 (surprise)? Angry? Sad? At this moment you realize people, plants, and animals are all connected. We need each other to live, and bees are one of the best 3 (example) of this connection. Bees are very hard-working animals, and their greatest work is pollination. On one trip, they often visit 50 to 100 flowers. As they fly from one flower 4 another, they take pollen with them. This action helps plants 5 (grow). In fact, 6 their work, about 80 percent of the plants in the world cannot grow. For this reason, many scientists believe that bees are the 7 (importance) animals on this planet. Bees are also one of the most interesting animals in the world. For example, they work hard together to make their homes. In order to store honey, they create honeycombs. Another interesting thing about bees is 8 they communicate. When a bee finds new food, it uses a dance 9 (tell) the others where and how far away the food is. Bees play 10 important part in the ecosystem of our planet. However, the number of bees is dropping, and scientists are worried. Bees need our help, and there is a lot we can do. Think about what you can do to protect one of the most amazing animals on earth. 【答案】 1. your 2. Surprised 3. examples 4. to 5. grow/to grow 6. without 7. most important 8. how 9. to tell 10. an 【导语】本文以“超市里几乎没有果蔬、蜂蜜等食物”的假设场景引入，点明蜜蜂在生态系统中的关键作用。文章从蜜蜂的授粉工作、有趣的群体行为两个方面展开，说明蜜蜂不仅能帮助植物生长，还是极具特色的社会性动物，最后指出蜜蜂数量正在减少，呼吁人们保护蜜蜂。 1. 句意：想象一下，你走进你所在地区的超市，却发现里面几乎没有水果、蔬菜、蜂蜜、牛奶、鸡蛋和巧克力。根据“Imagine you go to the supermarket in...area”可知，形容词性物主代词修饰名词area；人称代词you的形容词性物主代词是your，表示“你的”。故填your。 2. 句意：感到惊讶？还是生气？又或是难过？根据“How would you feel...Angry? Sad?”可知，此处是形容词作省略句的表语，描述人的感受；surprise的形容词形式surprised用于修饰人，意为“感到惊讶的”，句首首字母需大写。故填Surprised。 3. 句意：我们需要彼此才能生存，而蜜蜂就是这种依存关系的最佳例子之一。根据“and bees are one of the best...of this connection.”可知，one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数“最……的……之一”，example需用复数形式。故填examples。 4. 句意：当它们从一朵花飞到另一朵花时，身上会沾带上花粉。根据“As they fly from one flower...another,”可知，from...to...“从……到……”，此处表示蜜蜂从一朵花飞到另一朵花。故填to。 5. 句意：这种行为会帮助植物生长。根据“This action helps plants...”可知，help sb./sth. (to) do sth.“帮助某人/某物做某事”，to可省略，此处动词原形或不定式均可。故填grow/to grow。 6. 句意：事实上，如果没有它们的劳作，世界上大约80%的植物都无法生长。根据“...their work, about 80 percent of the plants in the world cannot grow.”可知，后文提到“世界上约80%的植物无法生长”，结合逻辑可知，此处表示“没有蜜蜂的工作”。故填without。 7. 句意：正因如此，许多科学家认为蜜蜂是地球上最重要的动物。根据“many scientists believe that bees are the...animals on this planet”可知，定冠词the后接形容词最高级，importance的形容词形式是important，其最高级为most important，表示“最重要的”。故填most important。 8. 句意：蜜蜂的另一个有趣之处是它们如何交流。根据“Another interesting thing about bees is...they communicate.”可知，此处为表语从句，how在从句中作方式状语。故填how。 9. 句意：当一只蜜蜂发现新的食物源时，它会通过跳舞来告诉同伴食物的位置和距离。根据“it uses a dance...the others where and how far away the food is.”可知，use sth. to do sth.“用某物去做某事”，此处填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to tell。 10. 句意：蜜蜂在地球的生态系统中扮演着重要的角色。根据“Bees play...important part in the ecosystem of our planet.”可知，play an important part in...“在……中扮演重要角色”；important以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an。故填an。 Passage 5 根据语篇内容，写出括号内所给单词的正确形式或时态。 Do you know how to keep food fresh? We all know that food will 1 (easy) go bad if the weather is too warm. So we usually put it into our fridges 2 (keep) it fresh in hot weather. But can you make it without fridges? In 1995, Abba, a teacher from Nigeria, 3 (find) a cool way. His invention is called Pot-in-Pot Cooling System. It uses two clay pots (陶罐). There is a 4 (small) pot inside a larger one. There must be some space. The space between the two pots is 5 (fill) with wet sand. Fruit, vegetables or drinks can be put into the smaller pot. A wet cloth covers the whole cooling system. Some food can be kept fresh for several 6 (week) in it. Abba built five thousand pot-in-pot systems for the families in 7 (he) hometown. Then people all over the country began 8 (use) the invention. Soon it became popular with farmers in other 9 (Africa) countries. In 2000, Abba got a prize—the Rolex Awards for Enterprise. If you are 10 (try) to do something to improve human life, you may have the chance to get this prize. Why not have a try? 【答案】 1. easily 2. to keep 3. found 4. smaller 5. filled 6. weeks 7. his 8. to use/using 9. African 10. trying 【导语】本文主要介绍了在没有冰箱的情况下保鲜食物的方法，以及尼日利亚教师Abba发明的陶罐冷却系统。 1. 句意：我们都知道，如果天气太热，食物会很容易变质。根据“food will…go bad”可知，此处修饰动词“go”，要用“easy”的副词形式“easily”。故填easily。 2. 句意：所以我们通常把食物放进冰箱，以便在炎热天气里保鲜。根据“put it into our fridges…keep it fresh”可知，此处表目的，要用动词不定式“to keep”。故填to keep。 3. 句意：1995年，来自尼日利亚的教师Abba发现了一个巧妙的方法。根据“In 1995”可知，这是一般过去时的标志，“find”的过去式是“found”。故填found。 4. 句意：大陶罐里有一个更小的陶罐。根据“inside a larger one”可知，此处是对比“larger”，要用“small”的比较级“smaller”。故填smaller。 5. 句意：两个陶罐之间的空间被装满湿沙子。根据“The space between the two pots is…with wet sand”可知，“be filled with”是固定搭配，意为“被装满”，所以填“filled”。故填filled。 6. 句意：有些食物可以在里面保鲜几周。根据“several…”可知，“several”后接可数名词复数，“week”的复数是“weeks”。故填weeks。 7. 句意：Abba为他家乡的家庭建造了五千套陶罐冷却系统。根据“…hometown”可知，此处修饰名词“hometown”，要用“he”的形容词性物主代词“his”。故填his。 8. 句意：然后全国人民开始使用这项发明。“begin to do sth.”或“begin doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”，所以填“to use”或“using”。故填to use/using。 9. 句意：很快它在非洲其他国家的农民中流行起来。根据“…Africa countries”可知，此处修饰名词“countries”，要用“Africa”的形容词形式“African”。故填African。 10. 句意：如果你正努力做些事改善人类生活，你可能有机会获得这个奖项。根据“you are…to do something”可知，此处是现在进行时，“try”的现在分词是“trying”。故填trying。 Passage 6 Friendship is a meaningful part of human life. Today, people see friendship in some new ways. In 1993, a study from Oxford University 1 (show) that a person could only keep about 150 relationships. 2 , through social media (社交媒体), now many have over 300 friends. Some say these friendships are less real, but others believe social media helps people 3 (stay) connected (有关联的). Now people move more often for education or jobs, so they have a chance to meet friends from different cultures. But many people still form 4 strongest friendships of their lives in college. Making friends at work is becoming more 5 (usual). With less job security (安全), people find it harder 6 (build) new relationships. Friendships can be very different when we are at different ages. Children often choose friends for convenience (便利), but adults pay more attention 7 whether they have shared interests. As people get older, they may have less free time. They become 8 (busy) with their jobs and families, so they spend less time with friends. One thing 9 (be) true: having real friends improves a person’s health. Someone who meets friends often feels much happier and stays a lot healthier. On the other hand, a person who often spends time by 10 (they) will feel more lonely. Good friendships are good for both body and mind. 【答案】 1. showed 2. However 3. stay 4. the 5. unusual 6. to build 7. to 8. busier 9. is 10. themselves 【导语】本文探讨了现代社会中友谊的变化、影响因素及其对身心健康的重要性。 1. 句意：1993年，牛津大学的一项研究表明一个人只能维持大约150段人际关系。时间状语“In 1993”表明动作发生在过去，动词show的过去式为showed，故填showed。 2. 句意：然而，通过社交媒体，现在许多人拥有超过300个朋友。前文说人最多维持150段关系，后文说现在有300多个“朋友”，构成转折，且位于句首需大写，故填However。 3. 句意：但其他人认为社交媒体帮助人们保持联系。help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，此处用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填stay。 4. 句意：但很多人仍然在大学里建立起一生中最牢固的友谊。形容词最高级strongest前需加定冠词the，故填the。 5. 句意：在工作中交朋友正变得越来越不寻常。根据后文“With less job security... harder to build new relationships”可知，职场交友变得更困难、更少见，故用unusual表示“不寻常的”，与空前more构成形容词比较级。故填unusual。 6. 句意：由于工作稳定性降低，人们发现建立新的关系更难了。“find it + 形容词 + to do sth”是固定句型，此处用动词不定式to build。故填to build。 7. 句意：但成年人更关注是否有共同兴趣。“pay attention to...”是固定搭配，to是介词，后接宾语从句，故填to。 8. 句意：他们变得更忙于工作和家庭。根据后文“so they spend less time with friends”可知忙碌程度增加，busy的比较级为busier，故填busier。 9. 句意：有一件事是确定的：拥有真正的朋友能改善健康。主语“One thing”为单数，一般现在时，be动词用is，故填is。 10. 句意：一个经常独自一人的人会感到更孤独。“by oneself”意为“独自”，they的反身代词复数形式为themselves，故填themselves。 6 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $优秀生培养计划 专题-1 形容词比较级和最高级（新教材译林版） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 能力专项培优 解题综合提升 一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成 用法介绍 形容词比较级用于两者之间的比较，表 “较……”“更……”；最高级用于三者及以上比较，表 “最……”，最高级前通常加定冠词 the。两者的构成需根据单词音节数遵循不同规则。 词类 构成规则 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词及部分双音节词 大多数词后加 - er 或 - est great greater greatest 以字母 e 结尾的词加 - r 或 - st large larger largest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写尾字母加 - er 或 - est hot hotter hottest 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的词，变 y 为 i 加 - ier 或 - iest early earlier earliest 多音节词及部分双音节词 在词前加 more 或 most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 注意事项 1. 发音规则：比较级词尾 “er” 读作 /ə/，最高级 “est” 读作 /ɪst/；原级词末为不发音的 “l” 时，加 “er/est” 后 “r” 发音（如 clear→clearer /'klɪərə/）；原级词末为 /ŋ/ 时，加 “er/est” 后需加 /g/ 音（如 long→longer /'lɒŋɡə/）。 2. 不规则变化：需特殊记忆，如 good→better→best，bad→worse→worst，many/much→more→most。 3. 双重变化：部分形容词有两种变化形式（如 clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever），使用时均可。 二、形容词比较级和最高级的用法 用法介绍 比较级和最高级的用法需结合句型体现比较对象和范围，常见结构包括两者比较、三者及以上比较、程度修饰等。 级别 常见句型及用法 示例 比较级 1. 比较级 + than（两者比较） This book is more interesting than that one.（这本书比那本有趣。） 2. Which/Who...+ 比较级，...or...？（两者中选择） Who is taller, Tom or Jim?（汤姆和吉姆，谁更高？） 3. 比较级前加 a little/much/even 等表程度 She is much taller than me.（她比我高得多。） 4. 比较级 + and + 比较级（表 “越来越……”） It’s getting colder and colder.（天气越来越冷。） 最高级 1. the + 最高级 + 比较范围（in/of/among）（三者及以上比较） She is the youngest in her family.（她是家里最小的。） 2. 形容词性物主代词 + 最高级（表 “某人 / 物的最……”，前不加 the） This is my best friend.（这是我最好的朋友。） 3. 序数词 + 最高级（表 “第几最……”） The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.（黄河是中国第二长河。） 注意事项 1. 比较对象一致性：比较的双方必须是同类事物（如错误：Her bag is bigger than me. 正确：Her bag is bigger than mine.）。 2. 最高级的 the：形容词最高级前通常加 the，但若有形容词性物主代词修饰则省略（如 “his oldest son” 无需加 the）。 3. 范围介词：of/among 后接表示人或物的群体（如 of the three），in 后接表示范围的场所或单位（如 in the class）。 一、单项选择 1．In my eyes, Nantong is more beautiful than ________ city in Jiangsu. A．any B．other C．any other D．the other 2．________ the mountain is, ________ the air is. A．The highest, the thinnest B．Higher, thinner C．The higher, the thinner D．The high, the thin 3．—With its ancient buildings and beautiful scenery, Mount Qingcheng is one of ________ tourist destinations (目的地) in China. —Yes, it attracts millions of visitors every year. A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular 4．—I think Tony is as ________ as his elder sister. —Right. But his elder sister is much ________ than him. A．smart; hard-working B．smarter; hard-working C．smarter; more hard-working D．smart; more hard-working 5．The ________ you take your study, the ________ grades you will get. A．serious; good B．more serious; better C．seriously; good D．more seriously; better 6．It means ________ waste for students if they learn ways to save energy at a green school and recycle at home. A．more B．less C．many D．much 7．________ you work, ________ grades you will get. A．The more; the better B．The harder; the better C．The hard; the good D．The hardest; the best 8．Dick is good at drawing. His pictures are always _______among all the works in his class. A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．the most beautiful D．much more beautiful 9．The ________ you work, the ________ mistakes you will make, I believe. A．more carefully; fewer B．more carefully; less C．more careful; fewer D．more careful; less 10．—Dad. Could you buy me a new computer like this? —Of course. We can buy a ______ one than this, but it will be ______ this one. A．cheaper; as well as B．more expensive; as good as C．cheaper; as good as D．more expensive; as well as 11．Jack is ________ of the three brothers, but he is ________ than Tom and Mike and he often makes mistakes when doing homework. A．the most intelligent; more careful B．the most intelligent; less careful C．the least intelligent; more careful D．the least intelligent; less careful 12．__________ you study, __________ you will feel. A．harder; happier B．The harder; the happier C．harder; happily D．The harder; the more happily 13．—Which sport do you like ________? —Football. It’s ________ of all sports, I think. A．more; interesting B．best; the most interesting C．best; more interesting D．better; interested 14．I think Deng Chao is one of ______ stars. I like him very much. A．famous B．more famous C．the most famous D．most famous 15．Jingyue Park is one of ________ parks in Changchun. Many tourists like to visit there. A．famous B．more famous C．most famous D．the most famous 二、完成句子 16．我们为保护环境付出的努力越多，空气就会越清新。 The more efforts we make to protect the environment, the air will be. 17．我们为自己是中国人而自豪，因为中国是世界上最伟大的国家之一。 We Chinese because China is one of the greatest in the world. 18．Zhanghua is 1.5 meters tall. Li Weifeng is 1.6 meters tall.(改为同义句) Zhanghua is Li Weifeng. 19．金星和水星是距离太阳最近的两颗行星。 Venus and Mercury are to the Sun. 20．多亏了她，我变得越来越外向。 Thanks to her, I am becoming . 21．在你们班，谁的家离学校最远。 Whose home is    away from our school in your class? 22．从上海到广州最便宜的出行方式是什么？ to go from Shanghai to Guangzhou? 23．郎朗是我心目中的英雄，因为他是世界上最伟大的钢琴家之一。 Lang Lang is my hero he is the greatest in the world. 24．"一带一路" 规划让中国变得越来越强大。 "One Belt, One Road" project makes China . 25．Pingshu is my grandma’s favourite. It’s （最传统的之一） art forms in China. 26．与城市的生活相比农村的生活似乎更加舒适。 , life in the countryside 27．The high-speed maglev train in China is faster than any other country’s around the world. （同义句） The high-speed maglev train in China is around the world. 28．The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. （改为同义句） The Yangtze River is river in China. 29．与其说他是个演员，不如说他是个歌唱家。 He is a singer an actor. 30．如今，共享汽车变得越来越受欢迎。 Nowadays, shared cars are becoming more and more . 三、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear Millie, You asked me about the Dragon Boat Festival. Now let me tell you something about it. The Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional Chinese festival we Chinese have celebrated for 1 (century), to be exact, almost for 2000 years. It’s one of the three most important lunar festivals in China, along with the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. The Dragon Boat Festival takes place on the 2 (thirty-one) of May this year. Throughout the years, many stories have been told about the beginning of this festival. Among them, the most famous one is about Qu Yuan, a well-known scholar in ancient China. He not only wrote good poems but also gave 3 (suggest) to the king. 4 he loved his country so much, the king didn’t like him. This great person drowned (溺) 5 (he) in the Miluo River on the 5th day of the 5th Chinese lunar month because his Chu State fell to Qin State. Local people 6 (offer) to save him or find his body, but they were not 7 (success). Qu Yuan was later considered as 8 important hero in history. 9 (remember) him, every fifth day of the lunar month, members in all teams beat drums and go boat racing on the river as they once did to drive fish away from his body. Meanwhile, people have a lot of fun together, no matter which team is 10 (fast). Dragon boat racing is one of the most important customs to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival. If you are interested in it, you can also try to go online to look for more information. Passage 2 Have you ever seen pop-ups (弹出窗口) when you go online? These days it’s common for you to get a pop-up. It lets you 1 (put) the app in “teen mode (模式)” every time you begin to use apps. A lot of apps, especially video apps, have added this feature (功能) to protect teenagers. It’s said that it will bring teenagers 2 (good) experiences than before and make sure they’re using the apps in a healthier way. For example, some short video apps have the feature to prevent 3 (teenage) from watching videos for long and with the feature, they might only be allowed to watch for 40 minutes. The videos that teenagers can watch are made sure 4 (be) safe and even educational. There are no advertisements and teenagers cannot pay any money 5 the videos. In QQ’s teen mode, teenagers can only talk to people on their contact lists. 6 (they) chat records show Pinyin, which is useful for primary school students. However, the teen mode does not work for all apps, according to 7 recent report. There aren’t any 8 (different) between the teen mode and the normal mode in some apps. And in some video apps, the teen mode won’t start 9 users watch videos for 40 minutes. But users can get past it 10 clicking (点击) “I know” and continue watching. Though you can learn a lot from short videos, it’s necessary to control the time. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The world is warming quickly. The last decade (2010—2019) was the 1 (hot) ever recorded, according to Climate Change Service. In 2019, the sea ice cap in the Arctic 2 (drop) to 1.6 million square miles, down from 2.44 million square miles in 2010. Of course, the Arctic ice isn’t 3 only thing that is lessening. Without sea ice, there will be no sea ice ecosystem. 4 (lose) that ecosystem means losing polar bears. Polar bears need sea ice 5 (raise) their babies and find their food. Without it, they will be hungry and their number 6 (be) smaller. It was reported that in 2015 they were getting 7 (create) to stay alive. They managed 8 (trap) some dolphins that swam into their homes (also because of the lack of ice). They didn’t eat the dolphins before, but since there was little food, they ate some of the dolphins, and then 9 (careful) stored the rest in snow to eat later. Some other problems may also greatly reduce their chance of 10 (live). Though polar bears can swim, they can’t go far for long. Their babies have even less ability to swim far. Passage 4 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 We Can’t Live Without Bees Imagine you go to the supermarket in 1 (you) area, but there are almost no fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, eggs or chocolate. How would you feel? 2 (surprise)? Angry? Sad? At this moment you realize people, plants, and animals are all connected. We need each other to live, and bees are one of the best 3 (example) of this connection. Bees are very hard-working animals, and their greatest work is pollination. On one trip, they often visit 50 to 100 flowers. As they fly from one flower 4 another, they take pollen with them. This action helps plants 5 (grow). In fact, 6 their work, about 80 percent of the plants in the world cannot grow. For this reason, many scientists believe that bees are the 7 (importance) animals on this planet. Bees are also one of the most interesting animals in the world. For example, they work hard together to make their homes. In order to store honey, they create honeycombs. Another interesting thing about bees is 8 they communicate. When a bee finds new food, it uses a dance 9 (tell) the others where and how far away the food is. Bees play 10 important part in the ecosystem of our planet. However, the number of bees is dropping, and scientists are worried. Bees need our help, and there is a lot we can do. Think about what you can do to protect one of the most amazing animals on earth. Passage 5 根据语篇内容，写出括号内所给单词的正确形式或时态。 Do you know how to keep food fresh? We all know that food will 1 (easy) go bad if the weather is too warm. So we usually put it into our fridges 2 (keep) it fresh in hot weather. But can you make it without fridges? In 1995, Abba, a teacher from Nigeria, 3 (find) a cool way. His invention is called Pot-in-Pot Cooling System. It uses two clay pots (陶罐). There is a 4 (small) pot inside a larger one. There must be some space. The space between the two pots is 5 (fill) with wet sand. Fruit, vegetables or drinks can be put into the smaller pot. A wet cloth covers the whole cooling system. Some food can be kept fresh for several 6 (week) in it. Abba built five thousand pot-in-pot systems for the families in 7 (he) hometown. Then people all over the country began 8 (use) the invention. Soon it became popular with farmers in other 9 (Africa) countries. In 2000, Abba got a prize—the Rolex Awards for Enterprise. If you are 10 (try) to do something to improve human life, you may have the chance to get this prize. Why not have a try? Passage 6 Friendship is a meaningful part of human life. Today, people see friendship in some new ways. In 1993, a study from Oxford University 1 (show) that a person could only keep about 150 relationships. 2 , through social media (社交媒体), now many have over 300 friends. Some say these friendships are less real, but others believe social media helps people 3 (stay) connected (有关联的). Now people move more often for education or jobs, so they have a chance to meet friends from different cultures. But many people still form 4 strongest friendships of their lives in college. Making friends at work is becoming more 5 (usual). With less job security (安全), people find it harder 6 (build) new relationships. Friendships can be very different when we are at different ages. Children often choose friends for convenience (便利), but adults pay more attention 7 whether they have shared interests. As people get older, they may have less free time. They become 8 (busy) with their jobs and families, so they spend less time with friends. One thing 9 (be) true: having real friends improves a person’s health. Someone who meets friends often feels much happier and stays a lot healthier. On the other hand, a person who often spends time by 10 (they) will feel more lonely. Good friendships are good for both body and mind. 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $