专题-3 副词比较级和最高级&反身代词（语法培优）-【优秀生培养计划-巩固与提升】2026年 八年级寒假作业 快人一步系列（译林版）

优秀生培养计划 专题-3副词比较级和最高级&反身代词（新教材译林版） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 能力专项培优 解题综合提升 一、副词比较级和最高级 用法介绍 副词比较级用于两者之间比较动作的程度，表 “更……”；最高级用于三者及以上比较，表 “最……”，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，构成规则与形容词类似，但最高级前的 the 常可省略。 构成规则 原级 比较级 最高级 示例句子 单音节词加 - er/-est fast（快地） faster fastest He runs faster than me.（他跑得比我快。） She runs (the) fastest.（她跑得最快。） 以 e 结尾加 - r/-st late（晚地） later latest He arrived later than usual.（他到得比平时晚。） 辅音 + y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 - er/-est early（早地） earlier earliest They came earlier than we did.（他们比我们到得早。） 多音节词前加 more/most quickly（快地） more quickly most quickly She speaks more quickly than him.（她说话比他快。） 不规则变化 well（好地） better best He sings better than his sister.（他唱得比他姐姐好。） badly（差地） worse worst He did worse in the exam than last time.（他这次考试比上次差。） 注意事项 1. 与形容词比较级的区分：副词比较级修饰动作（如 “run fast”），形容词比较级修饰名词（如 “a fast runner”），不可混用（如错误：He is a faster runner than me.→此处 fast 为形容词，正确；错误：He runs more fast→副词 fast 的比较级为 faster，无需加 more）。 2. 最高级的 the：副词最高级前的 the 可省略（如 “She works hardest. = She works the hardest.”），形容词最高级前的 the 不可省略。 3. 修饰词搭配：比较级前可加 much/a little/even 等表程度（如 “He runs much faster than before.（他比以前快多了。）”）。 二、反身代词 用法介绍 反身代词由人称代词加 - self/-selves 构成，用于指代主语本身，强调 “自己”，在句中可作宾语、表语或同位语，不可单独作主语。 人称 / 数 反身代词形式 用法示例 第一人称单数 myself I hurt myself.（我伤到了自己。） I did it myself.（我自己做的。→作同位语，强调主语） 第二人称单数 yourself You should take care of yourself.（你要照顾好自己。） 第三人称单数 himself/herself/itself He taught himself English.（他自学英语。） The cat washed itself.（猫在给自己洗澡。） 第一人称复数 ourselves We enjoyed ourselves at the party.（我们在派对上玩得很开心。） 第二人称复数 yourselves Help yourselves to some fruit, kids.（孩子们，随便吃点水果。） 第三人称复数 themselves They built the house themselves.（他们自己盖的房子。） 注意事项 1. 人称一致性：反身代词必须与主语人称一致（如错误：She hurt himself. 正确：She hurt herself.）。 2. 固定搭配：部分动词后常接反身代词，如 enjoy oneself（玩得开心）、help oneself（随便吃 / 用）、teach oneself（自学）等（如 “Did you enjoy yourselves?（你们玩得开心吗？）”）。 3. 不可作主语：反身代词不能单独作主语，需用主格人称代词（如错误：Myself did it. 正确：I did it myself.）。 一、单项选择 1．With Tom’s help, Jack does his homework _____ than before. A．much more careful B．more careful C．much more carefully D．much carefully 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析：句意：在Tom的帮助下，杰克做作业比以前认真地多了。结合语境可知本句中表示和其它人的对比，故用副词的比较级，选C。 考点：考查比较级的用法 2．Helen usually gets to school ________ than us. A．earlier B．early C．earliest D．more early 【答案】A 【详解】句意：海伦通常比我们更早到学校。 考查比较级。earlier更早；early早；earliest最早；more early错误表达。than表示两者比较，需用比较级形式。故选A。 3．—Who teaches _______ painting? —Nobody, I teach _______. A．your; mine B．your; my C．you; myself D．you; me 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——谁教你画画？——没有人教我，我自学。 考查代词的用法。your你的，你们的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词；you你，你们，人称代词主格或宾格；myself我自己，反身代词；me我，人称代词宾格。根据“teaches … painting”可知，teach sb. sth.“教某人某事”，动词teach后使用人称代词宾格；根据“I teach”可知，此处使用反身代词，teach onself表示“自学”。故选C。 4．—Who do you think will win the race, Jill or Judy? —It must be Judy. I think she runs ________. A．faster B．more slowly C．fastest D．most slowly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你认为谁会赢得比赛，Jill还是Judy？——一定是Judy。我认为她跑得更快。 考查副词比较级。faster更块地；fastest最快地；more slowly更慢地；most slowly最慢地。根据“Who do you think will win the race, Jill or Judy?”可知是Jill和Judy之间作比较，用比较级，想要赢得比赛要跑得更快，用faster。故选A。 5．Sam doesn’t write ________ Mary, but his maths is ________ than hers. A．as good as; well B．as good as; best C．as well as; good D．as well as; better 【答案】D 【详解】句意：萨姆写得不如玛丽好，但他的数学比她好。 考查形容词、副词的原级和比较级用法。as good as和……一样好，形容词原级；well好地，副词原级；best最好的，形容词最高级；as well as和……一样好，副词原级；good好的，形容词原级；better更好的，形容词比较级。根据“write”是动词，需用副词修饰，第一空用“as well as”；再根据“than”提示第二空用比较级，“better”符合语境，指萨姆的数学比玛丽更好。故选D。 6．Linda writes ________ than ________ girl in her class. A．more careful; any other B．more carefully; any other C．more carefully; the other D．more careful; the other 【答案】B 【详解】句意：琳达写得比班上任何一个女孩都认真。   考查副词比较级。此题第一空修饰动词write，应该用副词；第二空是：“比较+than+any other+名词”结构，多用于在同一范围内和其它人/物比较，这个时候需要在范围内把自己排除掉，故使用“any other”结构。故选B。 7． Guo Yue did quite ______ at the World Table Tennis Championship (锦标赛), but Zhang Yining did even ______. A．better; well B．well; well C．well; better D．better; better 【答案】C 【详解】句意：郭跃在世界乒乓球锦标赛上表现出色，但是张怡宁表现得更好。 考查副词的原级和比较级。“quite”通常修饰原级，第一空应填原级副词well；“even”修饰比较级，第二空应填副词well的比较级better。故选C。 8．My old grandma used to grow some vegetables for ________ and the neighbors in a small garden. A．myself B．herself C．yourself D．ourselves 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的老奶奶过去常在一个小花园里为自己和邻居种些蔬菜。 考查反身代词。myself我自己；herself她自己；yourself你自己；ourselves我们自己；此处指代的是My old grandma，应用herself指代，故选B。 9．Miss Li works the ________ in the school. A．most carefully B．more carefully C．most careful D．more careful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：李老师在学校工作最仔细。 考查最高级。most carefully最仔细地；more carefully更仔细地；most careful最仔细的；more careful更仔细的。根据范围“in the school”可知，此处应用最高级；根据work是动词可知，此处应用副词carefully修饰。故选A。 10．This year we are training ________ than usual because we want to win the game. A．more carelessly B．most carelessly C．more carefully D．most carefully 【答案】C 【详解】句意：今年我们训练得比平时更认真，因为我们想赢得比赛。 考查副词的比较级。more carelessly更粗心地；most carelessly最粗心地；more carefully更仔细地，更认真地；most carefully最仔细地。根据“because we want to win the game.”可知想要赢就要更认真，故排除A和B项；根据“than”可知是两者的比较用比较级。排除D项。故选C。 11．—Who taught _____ English? —Nobody. He learned it by ________. A．he; himself B．him; himself C．himself; him D．himself; himself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——谁教的他英语？——没有人。他自学的。 考查代词。he他（主格）；him他（宾格）；himself他自己。根据“Who taught ... English”可知，空格处作宾语，用宾格，故第一空填“him”；根据“He learned it by ....”可知，空格处表达“他自己”，故第二空填“himself”。故选B。 12．Lucy works ________ than her brother and she is ________ student in her class. A．more hardworking; the hardest B．more hardworking; harder C．harder; hardest D．harder; the most hardworking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：露西比她哥哥工作更努力，并且她是她班上最努力的学生。 考查副词比较级和形容词最高级。第一个空结合than且修饰动词works，需用副词的比较级，hard的副词比较级为harder；第二个空结合“in her class”且修饰名词student，需用形容词的最高级，且最高级前需加the，hardworking的最高级为the most hardworking。故选D。 13．Josh won a prize in the 200-meter race this year because he trained ________ than before. A．hard B．hardly C．harder D．hardest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Josh在今年的200米比赛中获奖，因为他比以前训练得更刻苦。 考查副词比较级。hard努力地；hardly几乎不；harder更努力地；hardest最努力地。根据“than”可知，此处需用副词比较级，故选C。 14．Movie theatre has the service, but we can sit the there. A．worse; most comfortable B．worse; most comfortably C．worst; most comfortable D．worst; most comfortably 【答案】D 【详解】句意：电影院的服务最差，但我们可以坐在那里最舒服。考查形容词和副词最高级。service服务，名词需用形容词修饰；定冠词the修饰最高级，worse更坏的，比较级，可排除AB选项。sit坐，动词需用副词修饰；comfortable舒服的，形容词，可排除C项。根据句意语境，可知选D。 15．With the encouragement of his parents, Peter worked even _______ and got high marks in the exam. A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．the hardest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在父母的鼓励下，彼得更加努力，在考试中得了高分。 考查副词比较级。空前面有even，修饰副词比较级，此处用harder。故选B。 二、完成句子 16．Emma总是比我起得更早。 Emma always than me. 【答案】gets up earlier 【详解】get up early“早起”，根据“always”可知，该句描述经常性的动作，为一般现在时，主语是Emma，因此动词需用三单形式；根据“than”可知，此处填副词比较级earlier。故填gets up earlier。 17．我们每个学生都要注意运动时保护好自己。 We students should when doing sport. 【答案】pay attention to protecting ourselves 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，缺少“注意保护好自己”，“注意做某事”pay attention to doing sth，“保护好自己”protect ourselves；情态动词should后接动词原形，protect的动名词形式是protecting。故填pay attention to protecting ourselves。 18．我们必须学会自己明智地管理时间。 We must learn to by . 【答案】 manage our time wisely ourselves 【详解】“管理时间”译为“manage time”，主语是“we”，此处表示“我们的时间”，故“time”前需加形容词性物主代词“our”；“明智地”是副词，修饰动词“manage”，译为“wisely”，通常置于动词后；“自己”译为反身代词“ourselves”，置于句末。learn to do sth.“学习做某事”，不定式to后面跟动词原形manage。故填manage；our；time；wisely；ourselves。 19．随着我们年龄的增长，我们必须依靠自己。 We must on as we grow older. 【答案】 depend ourselves 【详解】根据中英文对照，空处缺“依靠自己”，depend on oneself“依靠自己”，must后跟动词原形，主语是we，反身代词用ourselves。故填depend；ourselves。 20．你学习越努力，你犯的错误就越少。 The you study, the mistakes you’ll make. 【答案】 harder fewer 【详解】对照中英文可知，缺少“越努力”和“越少”。此句为“The+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语”结构，含义是“越……就越……”。“努力”用副词hard，修饰动词“study”，比较级为harder；“少”用形容词few，修饰可数名词复数“mistakes”，比较级为fewer。故填harder；fewer。 21．1 think Lily sang (更清晰) than Tina. 【答案】 more clearly 【详解】句意：我认为Lily唱歌比Tina更清晰。 句中sang是动词sing的过去式，应用副词修饰；由than可知应用副词比较级。clearly清晰地，副词，比较级more clearly。故答案为①more ②clearly。 22．上周五下午，我们学校放学比往常早的多。 Last Friday afternoon, our school than usual. 【答案】ended much earlier 【详解】end“结束”，该句是一般过去时，动词填过去式；much是用来修饰比较级“earlier”的程度副词，表示“早得多”。故填ended much earlier。 23．Jim正努力塑造自己成为一个杰出的领导人。 Jim is working hard to an excellent leader. 【答案】shape himself into 【详解】“把某人塑造成……”shape sb. into...；此处用反身代词himself；动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填shape himself into。 24．面对困难时，我们不应该放弃，而应该对自己说：“我能行！” When , we shouldn’t give up. Instead, we should : “I can do it!” 【答案】 facing difficulties say to ourselves 【详解】when doing sth.“当做某事时”，face difficulties“面对困难”；say to oneself“对自己说”，主语为we，反身代词用ourselves，情态动词should后加动词原形。故填facing difficulties；say to ourselves。 25．大明住的离学校最远。 Daming lives the school. 【答案】 farthest from 【详解】根据句子结构可知空处应填“离……最远”，far from表示“远离”，是固定短语。结合句意可知far应用最高级，故填farthest；from。 26．Tony住得离学校最远。 Tony school. 【答案】 lives farthest from 【详解】住live；离……最远farthest from...；时态是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单。故填lives；farthest；from。 27．他解释得越多，我们就理解得越透彻。 he explained, we understood. 【答案】 The more the better 【详解】根据中文可知句子用了“越……，越……”的比较级句式，表示为“The + 比较级，the +比较级”，此处“多”用more修饰，better“更好”，是副词的比较级，故填The；more；the；better。 28．我认为我学习比本杰明认真。 I think I study Benjamin. 【答案】 harder than 【详解】学习认真：work hard；比：than，此处用副词的比较级harder。故填harder；than。 29．在周五下午，我们放学比平时早。 On Friday afternoon, our school than usual. 【答案】ends earlier 【详解】对照中英文提示可知，此处缺的是“放学比……早”，“放学”可以用动词end表示，句子表达的是经常性的动作，所以用一般现在时，主语our school是单数名词，所以动词用三单形式；“早的”是early，句中有“than”，所以应用比较级的形式earlier，故填ends earlier。 30．Jane似乎生病了。她是不是今天离开得比往常早？ Jane . Did she leave than usual? 【答案】 seems ill earlier 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“似乎”，“生病”，和“早”。seem“似乎，好像”，系动词，由于主语是Jane，因此用三单形式seems；ill“有病的”，句中作表语；early“提前，提早”，副词，在句中修饰动词leave，根据“than usual”可知，此处应用比较级earlier。故填seems；ill；earlier。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We hadn’t had any rain for almost a month. The crops were dying. The rivers were drying. Every day, my husband 1 to get water to the fields. But we would lose 2 if we couldn’t get any rain soon. That day I learned the true lesson about 3 . I was making lunch when I saw my 6-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was walking 4 , trying not to fall over. Minutes later, he disappeared (消失) into the 5 , and then ran back. Moments later, he was once again walking toward the woods. This activity went on for an hour. Finally I couldn’t wait any longer and 6 him into the woods secretly. Then I saw the most amazing thing. Several big deer stood in front of him. Billy walked right up to them. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground. It was terribly 7 . It lifted its head to lap (舔) up the water cupped in my boy’s little hands. When the water was gone, Billy ran back to the house. It was quite 8 to me what my son was doing. I stood there and 9 my kind boy working so hard to save another life. I was there in front of him. His little eyes were just filled with tears. “I’m not wasting 10 ”, he was crying. As the tears from my eyes began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops...more drops...and more. 1. A．decided B．chose C．tried D．offered 2. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 3. A．asking B．sharing C．receiving D．sending 4. A．slowly B．quickly C．angrily D．carelessly 5. A．plants B．flowers C．vegetables D．woods 6. A．walked B．followed C．ran D．jumped 7. A．hungry B．thirsty C．excited D．worried 8. A．comfortable B．clear C．possible D．easy 9. A．heard B．looked C．watched D．thought 10. A．water B．time C．food D．energy 【答案】 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在久旱无雨的季节，作者丈夫奋力为田地运水挽救庄稼，而她6岁的儿子Billy则悄悄往返于家与树林之间，用小手捧水救助口渴小鹿，作者暗中观察到这一幕后深受触动，此时天空恰好下起雨的故事，展现了孩子纯真的善良与分享精神，暗示善举终将带来希望与回报。 1. 句意：每天，我的丈夫都努力把水送到田里。 decided决定；chose选择；tried努力；offered主动提供。根据上文“We hadn’t had any rain for almost a month. The crops were dying. The rivers were drying.”可知，干旱背景，作者丈夫应是“尽力”取水，而非一次性决定或主动提议。故选C。 2. 句意：但如果再不下雨，我们就会失去一切。 something某事；anything任何事，常用于否定/疑问；nothing无事；everything一切。根据上文“The crops were dying. The rivers were drying.”可知，庄稼濒死，河流干涸，可能失去所有收成或生计，用“everything”强调严重性。故选D。 3. 句意：那天，我学到了关于分享的真正一课。 asking请求；sharing分享；receiving接受；sending发送。根据下文“It lifted its head to lap up the water cupped in my boy’s little hands.”可知，儿子将珍贵的水分给小鹿，体现了“分享”的主题。故选B。 4. 句意：他走得很慢，努力不让自己摔倒。 slowly缓慢地；quickly快速地；angrily生气地；carelessly粗心地。下文“trying not to fall over”暗示他小心翼翼、缓慢行走。故选A。 5. 句意：几分钟后，他消失在树林里，然后又跑了回来。 plants植物；flowers花；vegetables蔬菜；woods树林。前文提到“toward the woods”，且woods是复数形式表示森林/树林，符合语境。故选D。 6. 句意：最后我再也忍不住，偷偷跟着他进了树林。 walked步行；followed跟随；ran跑；jumped跳。空格后“secretly”暗示母亲暗中跟随观察。故选B。 7. 句意：它 (小鹿) 非常口渴。 hungry饥饿的；thirsty口渴的；excited兴奋的；worried担心的。根据下文“It lifted its head to lap up the water cupped in my boy’s little hands.”可知，小鹿舔水，此处是指干旱季节，小鹿口渴需要水。故选B。 8. 句意：我一下子就清楚了儿子在做什么。 comfortable舒适的；clear清楚的；possible可能的；easy容易的。根据下文“what my son was doing”可知，此处是指作者非常清楚儿子在做什么。故选B。 9. 句意：我站在那里，看着我善良的儿子努力拯救另一个生命。 heard听到；looked看，不及物动词，需加at接宾语；watched注视、观察；thought认为。根据上文“Then I saw the most amazing thing.”可知，此处应用“watch”强调作者持续观看的过程，符合语境。故选C。 10. 句意：他哭着说：“我没有浪费水。” water水；time时间；food食物；energy精力。根据语境可知，全文围绕干旱缺水展开，Billy用宝贵的水救鹿，担心被误解为浪费水。故选A。 Passage 2 Our Science class was always full of things to do, but this project was different. When I was 13, my Science teacher, Mr. Thompson, gave us a 1 project. “Watch one tree for a month and write about it,” he said. There were several trees behind our building, and right away, I noticed the sad-looking maple tree. Its branches were mostly bare with only one red leaf 2 a little in the cool autumn wind. It seemed to be holding onto life. Every single afternoon, I 3 set up my painting stand and got my drawing book ready. I really wanted to draw all the small changes of that leaf. Day by day, I saw its 4 red colour slowly become lighter. The sides of the leaf started to curl, showing that it was dying. On the twelfth day, a big rainstorm hit the city. Worried, I ran to check on “my” tree. I was so 5 when I saw the leaf was gone. I almost gave up on the project. But just as I was about to leave, I saw 6 truly great. Three tiny buds (芽) had grown where the old leaf used to be. They were small and weak, but they still brought 7 . Mr. Donovan, the kind park gardener, saw my surprised look. “Leaves don’t really die. 8 , they fall to feed the earth, and new life may rise when spring comes,” he said softly and put an acorn in my hand. His words helped me get through the long, cold winter. I spent the rest of the season writing down all the interesting things about the tree. I saw its rough bark (树皮) give a home to many insects. I noticed 9 squirrels run around, hiding nuts under the tree. When spring came, I saw a beautiful sight. New leaves grew on the maple tree and from the acorn I planted. This experience taught me an important lesson. Years later, when I 10 the national science competition, I thought of the tree. It made me realize that true strength lies in rising after every fall, just like the maple tree. 1. A．modern B．special C．difficult D．public 2. A．flying B．shaking C．shining D．falling 3. A．easily B．simply C．carefully D．slowly 4. A．pale B．bright C．soft D．pretty 5. A．sad B．afraid C．excited D．angry 6. A．nothing B．something C．everything D．anything 7. A．care B．hope C．effort D．peace 8. A．However B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．Instead 9. A．how B．whose C．what D．where 10. A．held B．faced C．received D．failed 【答案】 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. D 【导语】本文讲述了一个13岁学生通过观察一棵枫树从凋零到重生的过程，领悟到生命顽强不息、在挫折后重新崛起的深刻道理的故事。 1. 句意：在我 13 岁时，我的科学老师汤普森先生给了我们一个特别的项目。 modern现代的；special特殊的；difficult困难的；public公共的。根据“but this project was different.”可知，这次是一个特殊的项目。故选B。 2. 句意：它的树枝大多光秃秃的，只有一片红叶在凉爽的秋风中微微摇晃。 flying飞翔；shaking摇晃；shining闪光；falling掉落。根据“Its branches were mostly bare with only one red leaf...”可知，叶子在秋风中随风轻轻摇晃。故选B。 3. 句意：每天下午，我都会仔细地架起画架，准备好图画本。 easily容易地；simply简单地；carefully仔细地；slowly缓慢地。根据“I...set up my painting stand and got my drawing book ready.”可知，此处指细心地架好画架。故选C。 4. 句意：日复一日，我看到它明亮的红色慢慢变浅。 pale苍白的；bright明亮的；soft柔软的；pretty漂亮的。根据“slowly become lighter”可知，亮红色慢慢变浅。故选B。 5. 句意：当我看到那片叶子不见了时，我非常悲伤。 sad悲伤的；afraid害怕的；excited兴奋的；angry生气的。根据“when I saw the leaf was gone.”可知，叶子不见了因此作者非常悲伤。故选A。 6. 句意：但是正当我准备离开的时候，我看到一些真的很棒的东西。 nothing没有东西；something某个东西；everything所有东西；anything任何东西。根据“Three tiny buds (芽) had grown where the old leaf used to be.”可知，曾经是老叶子的地方长出了嫩芽，这是令人惊喜的很棒的事物，用表示肯定的something指代。故选B。 7. 句意：它们很小很脆弱，但仍然带来了希望。 care关爱；hope希望；effort努力；peace和平。根据“They were small and weak, but they still brought...”可知，前后为转折关系，因此指很小但是能带来希望。故选B。 8. 句意：树叶其实并没有真正死去，相反，它们落下是为了滋养大地，这样春天来临时新的生命就可能会升起。 However然而；Moreover此外；Otherwise否则；Instead代替。根据“Leaves don’t really die, ...they fall to feed the earth, so new life may rise when spring comes”可知，叶子并非真正死亡，而是以另一种方式滋养大地的含义，instead“相反”符合语境。故选D。 9. 句意：我注意到松鼠是如何跑来跑去，把坚果藏在树下。 how如何；whose谁的；what什么；where在哪里。根据“...squirrels ran around, hiding nuts under the tree.”可知，此处指看到了松鼠是怎么把坚果藏起来的。故选A。 10. 句意：多年后，当我在全国科学竞赛中失败了时，我想起了那棵树。 held持有；faced面对；received收到；failed失败。根据“It made me realize that true strength lies in rising after every fall, just like the maple tree.”可知，作者提到fall“低谷”，因此是失败。故选D。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 Last year in early summer, I was walking up the hill to my house when I saw two birds, each about 60 centimetres tall, standing on the path. They didn’t seem to 1 me until I was right in front of them and then they at once moved quickly into the bushes. I was quite excited by the idea of two birds making a nest in my front yard, although I didn’t really expect them to 2 wild birds don’t usually nest so close. A few weeks later, the birds appeared crouching (屈膝) beside a tree off to the side of the path. As I moved nearer to them, I 3 that they would fly away like they did last time. But instead they stuck out their heads and made a threatening (威胁的) croaking (呱呱的叫声) sound. It seemed to warn me not to go any 4 . I didn’t know why they were croaking at me until a very short time later I made an amazing discovery: They had two small baby birds. As I moved quietly towards the birds, 5 not to make any sudden movements, they started their croaking again. They straightened (挺直) their necks forward so they seemed 6 and more threatening. The mother carefully crouched down over the chicks, and 7 her babies well in her feathers. I was watching them with 8 when I suddenly fell to the ground. The birds took this as a threat and the father raced towards me, 9 his wings to protect the mother and the chicks while making himself appear larger. I was 10 to surprise them and left quickly. I was amazed by their fearless actions. Their parental natural ability kicked in and made them so brave. It is hard not to respect nature. 1. A．notice B．welcome C．follow D．believe 2. A．when B．until C．because D．while 3. A．explained B．imagined C．managed D．recorded 4. A．nearer B．faster C．earlier D．deeper 5. A．patient B．curious C．careful D．polite 6. A．wider B．longer C．weaker D．smaller 7. A．pulled B．shook C．touched D．hid 8. A．trust B．memory C．confidence D．respect 9. A．developing B．spreading C．dropping D．breaking 10. A．angry B．happy C．sorry D．proud 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文讲述了作者在自家房子附近的小路上看到两只鸟，起初以为它们只是路过，后来发现它们在附近筑巢并养育雏鸟，作者在观察过程中不小心摔倒，被鸟爸爸视为威胁，鸟爸爸勇敢地保护家人的故事，这让作者对大自然充满了敬畏。 1. 句意：它们似乎没有注意到我，直到我走到它们面前，它们才立刻迅速地躲进灌木丛中。 notice注意到；welcome欢迎；follow跟随；believe相信。根据“They didn’t seem to...me until I was right in front of them and then they at once moved quickly into the bushes.”可知，此处表示直到走到它们面前，它们才注意到作者，然后躲进灌木丛。故选A。 2. 句意：我对两只鸟在我家前院筑巢的想法感到非常兴奋，尽管我并不真的指望它们会这样做，因为野生鸟类通常不会在这么近的地方筑巢。 when当……时候；until直到；because因为；while当……时候。根据“although I didn’t really expect them to...wild birds don’t usually nest so close.”可知，前后句是因果关系，前果后因，用because连接。故选C。 3. 句意：当我走近它们时，我想象它们会像上次一样飞走。 explained解释；imagined想象；managed设法；recorded记录。根据“As I moved nearer to them, I...that they would fly away like they did last time.”可知，此处表示作者想象它们会像上次一样飞走。故选B。 4. 句意：但它反而伸出头，发出威胁性的呱呱声，似乎警告我不要再靠近了。 nearer更近；faster更快；earlier更早；deeper更深。根据“It seemed to warn me not to go any...”以及前文可知，鸟发出威胁性的声音，是警告作者不要再靠近了。故选A。 5. 句意：当我悄悄地向鸟儿走去，小心翼翼地不做出任何突然的动作时，它们又开始呱呱叫了。 patient耐心的；curious好奇的；careful小心的；polite礼貌的。根据“As I moved quietly towards the birds,...not to make any sudden movements”可知，此处表示作者小心翼翼地不做出任何突然的动作。故选C。 6. 句意：它们向前伸直脖子，这样它们看起来身形更长，更具威胁性。 wider更宽；longer更长；weaker更弱；smaller更小。根据“more threatening”可知，脖子伸直是为了显得身形更长以威胁敌人。，“longer”（更长）体现脖子伸长的动作，从而使鸟显得更长更大，符合语境。故选B。 7. 句意：鸟妈妈小心地蹲在雏鸟身上，用羽毛很好地遮住雏鸟。 pulled拉；shook摇晃；touched触摸；hid隐藏。根据“The mother carefully crouched down over the chicks, and...her babies well in her feathers.”可知，此处表示鸟妈妈用羽毛遮住雏鸟。故选D。 8. 句意：我正怀着敬意看着它们，突然摔倒在地上。 trust信任；memory记忆；confidence信心；respect尊敬。根据“It is hard not to respect nature.”可知，此处表示作者怀着敬意看着它们。故选D。 9. 句意：鸟儿们把这当作一种威胁，鸟爸爸向我冲来，展开翅膀保护鸟妈妈和雏鸟，同时让自己看起来更大。 developing发展；spreading展开；dropping掉落；breaking打破。根据“his wings to protect the mother and the chicks while making himself appear larger.”可知，此处表示鸟爸爸展开翅膀保护家人。故选B。 10. 句意：我很抱歉惊吓了它们，很快就离开了。 angry生气的；happy开心的；sorry抱歉的；proud骄傲的。根据“I was...to surprise them and left quickly.”可知，作者为自己惊吓了鸟儿感到抱歉。故选C。 四、语法填空 Passage 4 Are you nervous when you stand in front of the public? Are you afraid of making a speech? Li Jun, a middle school boy, felt shy when he was making a speech the other day. 1 first, Li thought it quite easy because he had already practiced at 2 (little) five times. “I was totally wrong. It was very different and much 3 (hard) than talking to my classmates during playtime.” Li said. “I felt 4 (help) and wanted to leave the classroom quickly.” Li is not alone. Many middle school students now have the same problem: they can talk about their ideas freely with their best friends after class, 5 they can’t speak in public. According to Zhou Hong, 6 teacher from a university, the main reason is that schools in China pay more attention to 7 (write) instead of speaking. Zhou hopes schools can give students more chances to open their mouths, such as speech competitions, English corners and class discussions. He also offers some 8 (suggest) to students. “During your free time, you should practice more. When you’re speaking in public, take it easy. Just imagine you’re talking to nobody and speak up your ideas 9 (clear), which helps you to be at the 10 (high) of your powers.” Zhou said. “That makes a fine public speech and you will be happy.” 【答案】 1. At 2. least 3. harder 4. helpless 5. but 6. a 7. writing 8. suggestions 9. clearly 10. height 【导语】本文通过中学生李军公开演讲时感到紧张的经历，引出了许多中学生面临的“公共场合说话紧张”这一问题，并引用大学老师周宏的观点分析了原因，最后给出了一些克服紧张、提升演讲能力的建议。 1. 句意：一开始，李军认为这很容易，因为他已经练习了至少五次。“at first”意为“一开始”，固定短语。位于句首，首字母应大写。故填At。 2. 句意：一开始，李军认为这很容易，因为他已经练习了至少五次。“at least”意为“至少”，固定短语。故填least。 3. 句意：我完全错了。这和在课间和同学们聊天非常不一样，而且难多了。根据“much ... than”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。故填harder。 4. 句意：我感到无助，想快点离开教室。根据“I felt...”可知，系动词“felt”后应接形容词作表语，表示状态。“help”的形容词形式为“helpless”，意为“无助的”。故填helpless。 5. 句意：许多中学生现在有同样的问题：课后他们能和最好的朋友自由地聊想法，但在公共场合却说不了话。根据“they can talk about their ideas freely with their best friends after class ... they can’t speak in public.”可知，前后句为转折关系。故填but。 6. 句意：据一位大学老师周宏说，主要原因是中国的学校更注重写作而不是口语。此处泛指“一位大学老师”，且“teacher”以辅音音素开头。故填a。 7. 句意：据一位大学老师周宏说，主要原因是中国的学校更注重写作而不是口语。根据“pay more attention to...”可知，“to”是介词， 后接动名词。故填writing。 8. 句意：他也给学生们提供了一些建议。“some”后可接不可数名词或可数名词复数。“suggestion”是可数名词，此处表示泛指“一些建议”，应用复数形式。故填suggestions。 9. 句意：当你在公共场合说话时，放轻松。就想象你是在和空气说话，然后清晰地说出你的想法，这能帮助你发挥出最佳水平。根据“speak up your ideas...”可知，此处需用副词修饰动词。故填clearly。 10. 句意：当你在公共场合说话时，放轻松。就想象你是在和空气说话，然后清晰地说出你的想法，这能帮助你发挥出最佳水平。“at the height of”意为“在……的顶点/巅峰”，固定搭配。故填height。 Passage 5 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Do you think rabbits are cute? If you ask an Australian this question, he 1 (shake) his head. For Australians, rabbits are 2 (danger) than the other animals there, because they have almost destroyed (毁坏) nature of Australia. In the 18th century, Europeans (欧洲人) came to Australia. They took the 3 (one) rabbit to Australia. After that, the number of rabbits increased quickly. One of the reasons is that there were no 4 (fox) in Australia at that time. Another reason is that the natural environment of Australia was good   5 rabbits. The ground was very soft. As a result, the rabbits could dig holes 6 (easy). Some holes were as deep as 1.5 metres. And there was delicious grass everywhere, 7 the rabbits could get enough food. By the time of 1926, there were about 10 billion rabbits in Australia. James is 8 farmer in Australia. He used to have a very large field. But there were so many rabbits there that most of the grass was eaten by them. Without grass, the land quickly became dry. Many sheep and horses fell into rabbits’ home and hurt 9 (they). Luckily, the local officers recently have taken action 10 (solve) the problem. That’s why Australians don’t think rabbits are cute. 【答案】 1. will shake 2. more dangerous 3. first 4. foxes 5. for 6. easily 7. so 8. a 9. themselves 10. to solve 【导语】本文主要介绍了兔子在澳大利亚被视为危险动物的原因，回顾了兔子被引入澳大利亚的历史，以及因过度繁殖给当地生态环境和农业带来的巨大破坏。 1. 句意：如果你问一个澳大利亚人这个问题，他会摇摇头。根据“If you ask an Australian this question”可知，这是一个由if引导的条件状语从句，从句使用一般现在时，主句通常使用一般将来时，遵循“主将从现”原则。shake是动词，意为“摇头”，其一般将来时结构为will shake。故填will shake。 2. 句意：对澳大利亚人来说，兔子比当地其他动物更危险，因为它们几乎毁掉了澳大利亚的自然环境。根据“than the other animals”可知，此处将兔子与其他动物进行比较，应用形容词的比较级。danger是名词，其形容词是dangerous，意为“危险的”，其比较级为more dangerous。故填more dangerous。 3. 句意：他们把第一只兔子带到了澳大利亚。根据“In the 18th century, Europeans (欧洲人) came to Australia.”以及“After that, the number of rabbits increased quickly.”可知，这是兔子最初被带到澳大利亚的时候。one是基数词，此处空前有定冠词the，应用其序数词first，意为“第一”。故填first。 4. 句意：原因之一是当时澳大利亚没有狐狸。根据“One of the reasons is that there were no”可知，be动词were是复数形式，no后接可数名词复数。fox是名词，意为“狐狸”，其复数形式为foxes。故填foxes。 5. 句意：另一个原因是澳大利亚的自然环境对兔子很有利。根据“Another reason is that the natural environment of Australia was good”可知，环境好有利于兔子生存。be good for是固定短语，意为“对……有益”。故填for。 6. 句意：因此，兔子可以轻松地挖洞。根据“The ground was very soft…the rabbits could dig holes”可知，因为地面松软，所以挖洞很容易。此处应用副词修饰动词dig。easy是形容词，意为“容易的”，其副词形式为easily。故填easily。 7. 句意：而且到处都有美味的青草，所以兔子能获得充足的食物。根据“And there was delicious grass everywhere”和“the rabbits could get enough food”可知，前后句之间存在因果关系。因为草多，所以食物充足。so是连词，意为“所以”。故填so。 8. 句意：詹姆斯是澳大利亚的一位农民。根据“James is…farmer in Australia”可知，此处表示泛指“一位农民”。farmer以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 9. 句意：许多羊和马掉进了兔子的窝，伤到了它们自己。根据“Many sheep and horses fell into rabbits’ home”可知，主语是Many sheep and horses，宾语指代主语本身，应用反身代词。they的反身代词是themselves，意为“它们自己”。故填themselves。 10. 句意：幸运的是，当地官员最近已经采取行动来解决这个问题。根据“the local officers recently have taken action”可知，采取行动的目的是为了解决问题。此处用动词不定式to solve作目的状语。故填to solve。 Passage 6 请认真阅读下面的短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式，使短文通顺。 Xu Yuanchong, China’s most famous master translator, 1 (die) in Beijing at the age of 100 on June 17th, 2021. Xu Yuanchong was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province in 1921. He began to translate some works during his college years. Since 1978, Xu has published more than 100 translated novels, anthologies (选集) and 2 (play). Xu worked on translating for more than 70 years. He has tried his best 3 (pass) on the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry all his life. In his opinion, a translated work should be as beautiful as the original (原著). Instead of directly 4 (translate) words from one language to another, he made the translated words clear and enjoyable to readers. In 2014, Xu became the first Asian 5 (win) of the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature (北极光杰出文学翻译奖), which is one of the world’s 6 (high) prizes. Xu pursued (追求) the 7 (beautiful) of language all his life and his works have served as a 8 (culture) bridge linking the East with the West. His translations are so beautiful that English and French-speaking readers are able to 9 (well) understand Chinese literature. At the same time, Chinese readers can 10 (easy) understand foreign works in the same way they would read novels and poems written in their mother tongue (母语). 【答案】 1. died 2. plays 3. to pass 4. translating 5. winner 6. highest 7. beauty 8. cultural 9. better 10. easily 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国最著名的翻译大师许渊冲的生平事迹、翻译成就以及他对语言美的追求。 1. 句意：2021年6月17日，中国最著名的翻译大师许渊冲在北京逝世，享年100岁。根据“on June 17th, 2021”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式died。故填died。 2. 句意：自1978年以来，许出版了100多部翻译小说、选集和戏剧。根据“more than 100 translated novels, anthologies (选集) and...”可知，此处与前文“novels, anthologies”并列，应使用名词复数形式plays。故填plays。 3. 句意：他一生都在尽力传递中国古代诗歌的美。try one’s best to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，固定短语，所以此处用动词不定式to pass。故填to pass。 4. 句意：他没有直接把一种语言的单词翻译成另一种语言，而是让翻译后的单词清晰易懂，让读者喜欢。instead of doing sth.表示“而不是做某事”，固定短语，所以此处用动名词translating。故填translating。 5. 句意：2014年，许成为首位获得世界最高奖项之一的“北极光小说文学杰出翻译奖”的亚洲人。根据“Xu became the first Asian...”可知，空处填名词“获胜者”。win的名词是winner，故填winner。 6. 句意：2014年，许成为首位获得北极光杰出文学翻译奖的亚洲人，这是世界上最高奖项之一。根据“one of the world’s...prizes”可知，此处表示“最高奖项之一”，应用形容词最高级highest。故填highest。 7. 句意：许一生都在追求语言之美，他的作品成为连接东西方的文化桥梁。根据“the...of language”可知，此处表示“语言之美”，应用名词beauty。故填beauty。 8. 句意：许一生都在追求语言之美，他的作品成为连接东西方的文化桥梁。根据“a...bridge”可知，此处表示“文化桥梁”，应用形容词cultural修饰名词bridge。故填cultural。 9. 句意：他的翻译如此优美，以至于说英语和法语的读者能够更好地理解中国文学。根据“His translations are so beautiful that English and French-speaking readers are able to...understand Chinese literature.”可知，此处表示“更好地理解”，应用副词well的比较级better修饰动词understand。故填better。 10. 句意：与此同时，中国读者可以像阅读用母语写的小说和诗歌一样轻松地理解外国作品。根据“Chinese readers can...understand foreign works”可知，此处表示“轻松地理解”，应用副词easily修饰动词understand。故填easily。 1 / 19乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $优秀生培养计划 专题-3副词比较级和最高级&反身代词（新教材译林版） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 能力专项培优 解题综合提升 一、副词比较级和最高级 用法介绍 副词比较级用于两者之间比较动作的程度，表 “更……”；最高级用于三者及以上比较，表 “最……”，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，构成规则与形容词类似，但最高级前的 the 常可省略。 构成规则 原级 比较级 最高级 示例句子 单音节词加 - er/-est fast（快地） faster fastest He runs faster than me.（他跑得比我快。） She runs (the) fastest.（她跑得最快。） 以 e 结尾加 - r/-st late（晚地） later latest He arrived later than usual.（他到得比平时晚。） 辅音 + y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 - er/-est early（早地） earlier earliest They came earlier than we did.（他们比我们到得早。） 多音节词前加 more/most quickly（快地） more quickly most quickly She speaks more quickly than him.（她说话比他快。） 不规则变化 well（好地） better best He sings better than his sister.（他唱得比他姐姐好。） badly（差地） worse worst He did worse in the exam than last time.（他这次考试比上次差。） 注意事项 1. 与形容词比较级的区分：副词比较级修饰动作（如 “run fast”），形容词比较级修饰名词（如 “a fast runner”），不可混用（如错误：He is a faster runner than me.→此处 fast 为形容词，正确；错误：He runs more fast→副词 fast 的比较级为 faster，无需加 more）。 2. 最高级的 the：副词最高级前的 the 可省略（如 “She works hardest. = She works the hardest.”），形容词最高级前的 the 不可省略。 3. 修饰词搭配：比较级前可加 much/a little/even 等表程度（如 “He runs much faster than before.（他比以前快多了。）”）。 二、反身代词 用法介绍 反身代词由人称代词加 - self/-selves 构成，用于指代主语本身，强调 “自己”，在句中可作宾语、表语或同位语，不可单独作主语。 人称 / 数 反身代词形式 用法示例 第一人称单数 myself I hurt myself.（我伤到了自己。） I did it myself.（我自己做的。→作同位语，强调主语） 第二人称单数 yourself You should take care of yourself.（你要照顾好自己。） 第三人称单数 himself/herself/itself He taught himself English.（他自学英语。） The cat washed itself.（猫在给自己洗澡。） 第一人称复数 ourselves We enjoyed ourselves at the party.（我们在派对上玩得很开心。） 第二人称复数 yourselves Help yourselves to some fruit, kids.（孩子们，随便吃点水果。） 第三人称复数 themselves They built the house themselves.（他们自己盖的房子。） 注意事项 1. 人称一致性：反身代词必须与主语人称一致（如错误：She hurt himself. 正确：She hurt herself.）。 2. 固定搭配：部分动词后常接反身代词，如 enjoy oneself（玩得开心）、help oneself（随便吃 / 用）、teach oneself（自学）等（如 “Did you enjoy yourselves?（你们玩得开心吗？）”）。 3. 不可作主语：反身代词不能单独作主语，需用主格人称代词（如错误：Myself did it. 正确：I did it myself.）。 一、单项选择 1．With Tom’s help, Jack does his homework _____ than before. A．much more careful B．more careful C．much more carefully D．much carefully 2．Helen usually gets to school ________ than us. A．earlier B．early C．earliest D．more early 3．—Who teaches _______ painting? —Nobody, I teach _______. A．your; mine B．your; my C．you; myself D．you; me 4．—Who do you think will win the race, Jill or Judy? —It must be Judy. I think she runs ________. A．faster B．more slowly C．fastest D．most slowly 5．Sam doesn’t write ________ Mary, but his maths is ________ than hers. A．as good as; well B．as good as; best C．as well as; good D．as well as; better 6．Linda writes ________ than ________ girl in her class. A．more careful; any other B．more carefully; any other C．more carefully; the other D．more careful; the other 7． Guo Yue did quite ______ at the World Table Tennis Championship (锦标赛), but Zhang Yining did even ______. A．better; well B．well; well C．well; better D．better; better 8．My old grandma used to grow some vegetables for ________ and the neighbors in a small garden. A．myself B．herself C．yourself D．ourselves 9．Miss Li works the ________ in the school. A．most carefully B．more carefully C．most careful D．more careful 10．This year we are training ________ than usual because we want to win the game. A．more carelessly B．most carelessly C．more carefully D．most carefully 11．—Who taught _____ English? —Nobody. He learned it by ________. A．he; himself B．him; himself C．himself; him D．himself; himself 12．Lucy works ________ than her brother and she is ________ student in her class. A．more hardworking; the hardest B．more hardworking; harder C．harder; hardest D．harder; the most hardworking 13．Josh won a prize in the 200-meter race this year because he trained ________ than before. A．hard B．hardly C．harder D．hardest 14．Movie theatre has the service, but we can sit the there. A．worse; most comfortable B．worse; most comfortably C．worst; most comfortable D．worst; most comfortably 15．With the encouragement of his parents, Peter worked even _______ and got high marks in the exam. A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．the hardest 二、完成句子 16．Emma总是比我起得更早。 Emma always than me. 17．我们每个学生都要注意运动时保护好自己。 We students should when doing sport. 18．我们必须学会自己明智地管理时间。 We must learn to by . 19．随着我们年龄的增长，我们必须依靠自己。 We must on as we grow older. 20．你学习越努力，你犯的错误就越少。 The you study, the mistakes you’ll make. 21．1 think Lily sang (更清晰) than Tina. 22．上周五下午，我们学校放学比往常早的多。 Last Friday afternoon, our school than usual. 23．Jim正努力塑造自己成为一个杰出的领导人。 Jim is working hard to an excellent leader. 24．面对困难时，我们不应该放弃，而应该对自己说：“我能行！” When , we shouldn’t give up. Instead, we should : “I can do it!” 25．大明住的离学校最远。 Daming lives the school. 26．Tony住得离学校最远。 Tony school. 27．他解释得越多，我们就理解得越透彻。 he explained, we understood. 28．我认为我学习比本杰明认真。 I think I study Benjamin. 29．在周五下午，我们放学比平时早。 On Friday afternoon, our school than usual. 30．Jane似乎生病了。她是不是今天离开得比往常早？ Jane . Did she leave than usual? 三、完形填空 Passage 1 It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We hadn’t had any rain for almost a month. The crops were dying. The rivers were drying. Every day, my husband 1 to get water to the fields. But we would lose 2 if we couldn’t get any rain soon. That day I learned the true lesson about 3 . I was making lunch when I saw my 6-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was walking 4 , trying not to fall over. Minutes later, he disappeared (消失) into the 5 , and then ran back. Moments later, he was once again walking toward the woods. This activity went on for an hour. Finally I couldn’t wait any longer and 6 him into the woods secretly. Then I saw the most amazing thing. Several big deer stood in front of him. Billy walked right up to them. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground. It was terribly 7 . It lifted its head to lap (舔) up the water cupped in my boy’s little hands. When the water was gone, Billy ran back to the house. It was quite 8 to me what my son was doing. I stood there and 9 my kind boy working so hard to save another life. I was there in front of him. His little eyes were just filled with tears. “I’m not wasting 10 ”, he was crying. As the tears from my eyes began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops...more drops...and more. 1. A．decided B．chose C．tried D．offered 2. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 3. A．asking B．sharing C．receiving D．sending 4. A．slowly B．quickly C．angrily D．carelessly 5. A．plants B．flowers C．vegetables D．woods 6. A．walked B．followed C．ran D．jumped 7. A．hungry B．thirsty C．excited D．worried 8. A．comfortable B．clear C．possible D．easy 9. A．heard B．looked C．watched D．thought 10. A．water B．time C．food D．energy Passage 2 Our Science class was always full of things to do, but this project was different. When I was 13, my Science teacher, Mr. Thompson, gave us a 1 project. “Watch one tree for a month and write about it,” he said. There were several trees behind our building, and right away, I noticed the sad-looking maple tree. Its branches were mostly bare with only one red leaf 2 a little in the cool autumn wind. It seemed to be holding onto life. Every single afternoon, I 3 set up my painting stand and got my drawing book ready. I really wanted to draw all the small changes of that leaf. Day by day, I saw its 4 red colour slowly become lighter. The sides of the leaf started to curl, showing that it was dying. On the twelfth day, a big rainstorm hit the city. Worried, I ran to check on “my” tree. I was so 5 when I saw the leaf was gone. I almost gave up on the project. But just as I was about to leave, I saw 6 truly great. Three tiny buds (芽) had grown where the old leaf used to be. They were small and weak, but they still brought 7 . Mr. Donovan, the kind park gardener, saw my surprised look. “Leaves don’t really die. 8 , they fall to feed the earth, and new life may rise when spring comes,” he said softly and put an acorn in my hand. His words helped me get through the long, cold winter. I spent the rest of the season writing down all the interesting things about the tree. I saw its rough bark (树皮) give a home to many insects. I noticed 9 squirrels run around, hiding nuts under the tree. When spring came, I saw a beautiful sight. New leaves grew on the maple tree and from the acorn I planted. This experience taught me an important lesson. Years later, when I 10 the national science competition, I thought of the tree. It made me realize that true strength lies in rising after every fall, just like the maple tree. 1. A．modern B．special C．difficult D．public 2. A．flying B．shaking C．shining D．falling 3. A．easily B．simply C．carefully D．slowly 4. A．pale B．bright C．soft D．pretty 5. A．sad B．afraid C．excited D．angry 6. A．nothing B．something C．everything D．anything 7. A．care B．hope C．effort D．peace 8. A．However B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．Instead 9. A．how B．whose C．what D．where 10. A．held B．faced C．received D．failed Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 Last year in early summer, I was walking up the hill to my house when I saw two birds, each about 60 centimetres tall, standing on the path. They didn’t seem to 1 me until I was right in front of them and then they at once moved quickly into the bushes. I was quite excited by the idea of two birds making a nest in my front yard, although I didn’t really expect them to 2 wild birds don’t usually nest so close. A few weeks later, the birds appeared crouching (屈膝) beside a tree off to the side of the path. As I moved nearer to them, I 3 that they would fly away like they did last time. But instead they stuck out their heads and made a threatening (威胁的) croaking (呱呱的叫声) sound. It seemed to warn me not to go any 4 . I didn’t know why they were croaking at me until a very short time later I made an amazing discovery: They had two small baby birds. As I moved quietly towards the birds, 5 not to make any sudden movements, they started their croaking again. They straightened (挺直) their necks forward so they seemed 6 and more threatening. The mother carefully crouched down over the chicks, and 7 her babies well in her feathers. I was watching them with 8 when I suddenly fell to the ground. The birds took this as a threat and the father raced towards me, 9 his wings to protect the mother and the chicks while making himself appear larger. I was 10 to surprise them and left quickly. I was amazed by their fearless actions. Their parental natural ability kicked in and made them so brave. It is hard not to respect nature. 1. A．notice B．welcome C．follow D．believe 2. A．when B．until C．because D．while 3. A．explained B．imagined C．managed D．recorded 4. A．nearer B．faster C．earlier D．deeper 5. A．patient B．curious C．careful D．polite 6. A．wider B．longer C．weaker D．smaller 7. A．pulled B．shook C．touched D．hid 8. A．trust B．memory C．confidence D．respect 9. A．developing B．spreading C．dropping D．breaking 10. A．angry B．happy C．sorry D．proud 四、语法填空 Passage 4 Are you nervous when you stand in front of the public? Are you afraid of making a speech? Li Jun, a middle school boy, felt shy when he was making a speech the other day. 1 first, Li thought it quite easy because he had already practiced at 2 (little) five times. “I was totally wrong. It was very different and much 3 (hard) than talking to my classmates during playtime.” Li said. “I felt 4 (help) and wanted to leave the classroom quickly.” Li is not alone. Many middle school students now have the same problem: they can talk about their ideas freely with their best friends after class, 5 they can’t speak in public. According to Zhou Hong, 6 teacher from a university, the main reason is that schools in China pay more attention to 7 (write) instead of speaking. Zhou hopes schools can give students more chances to open their mouths, such as speech competitions, English corners and class discussions. He also offers some 8 (suggest) to students. “During your free time, you should practice more. When you’re speaking in public, take it easy. Just imagine you’re talking to nobody and speak up your ideas 9 (clear), which helps you to be at the 10 (high) of your powers.” Zhou said. “That makes a fine public speech and you will be happy.” Passage 5 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Do you think rabbits are cute? If you ask an Australian this question, he 1 (shake) his head. For Australians, rabbits are 2 (danger) than the other animals there, because they have almost destroyed (毁坏) nature of Australia. In the 18th century, Europeans (欧洲人) came to Australia. They took the 3 (one) rabbit to Australia. After that, the number of rabbits increased quickly. One of the reasons is that there were no 4 (fox) in Australia at that time. Another reason is that the natural environment of Australia was good   5 rabbits. The ground was very soft. As a result, the rabbits could dig holes 6 (easy). Some holes were as deep as 1.5 metres. And there was delicious grass everywhere, 7 the rabbits could get enough food. By the time of 1926, there were about 10 billion rabbits in Australia. James is 8 farmer in Australia. He used to have a very large field. But there were so many rabbits there that most of the grass was eaten by them. Without grass, the land quickly became dry. Many sheep and horses fell into rabbits’ home and hurt 9 (they). Luckily, the local officers recently have taken action 10 (solve) the problem. That’s why Australians don’t think rabbits are cute. Passage 6 请认真阅读下面的短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式，使短文通顺。 Xu Yuanchong, China’s most famous master translator, 1 (die) in Beijing at the age of 100 on June 17th, 2021. Xu Yuanchong was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province in 1921. He began to translate some works during his college years. Since 1978, Xu has published more than 100 translated novels, anthologies (选集) and 2 (play). Xu worked on translating for more than 70 years. He has tried his best 3 (pass) on the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry all his life. In his opinion, a translated work should be as beautiful as the original (原著). Instead of directly 4 (translate) words from one language to another, he made the translated words clear and enjoyable to readers. In 2014, Xu became the first Asian 5 (win) of the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature (北极光杰出文学翻译奖), which is one of the world’s 6 (high) prizes. Xu pursued (追求) the 7 (beautiful) of language all his life and his works have served as a 8 (culture) bridge linking the East with the West. His translations are so beautiful that English and French-speaking readers are able to 9 (well) understand Chinese literature. At the same time, Chinese readers can 10 (easy) understand foreign works in the same way they would read novels and poems written in their mother tongue (母语). 9 / 10乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $