内容正文:
研究河北新考情 更懂中考新方向
河北新中考
英语RJ
精讲册
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第二部分 河北中考核心语法系统复习
专项十二 句子的种类及简单句
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考点精讲
高分分层提优练
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返回目录
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一、句子种类
1.陈述句
构成 例句
肯定
形式 谓语动词不含否定词。分为两
种,一种为正常语序,一种为
倒装语序 ①My parents are both doctors. 我的父母
都是医生。
②In the center of the city is a big park.
这个城市中心有一个大公园。
否定
形式 如果句子的谓语动词是be动
词、助动词或情态动词,在这
些动词之后加not,常用缩略
形式 ①She isn’t my friend. 她不是我的朋友。
②I can’t go with you. 我不能和你一
起去。
③I haven’t seen the film. 我没有看过这
部电影。
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构成 例句
否定
形式 如果句子的谓语动词是实义动
词,在谓语动词前要加助动词
don’t,doesn’t或didn’t Tom doesn’t like playing the piano. 汤姆
不喜欢弹钢琴。
除not外,使用其他否定词也可
构成否定句,如no,never,
seldom,hardly,nothing,
neither,nobody,few,little,
none等 ①I have never been to Shanghai. 我从来
没有去过上海。
②None of these pens works/work. 这些钢
笔没有一支能用。
续表
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2.疑问句:疑问句指提出问题,请对方回答的句子,句末要用问号。疑问句分为一
般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
(1)一般疑问句:用于询问某事是否属实,通常用yes或no来回答。
结构 例句
Be动词+主语+
其他? —Is she your sister?她是你的妹妹吗?
—Yes,she is./No,she isn’t.是的,她是。/不,她不是。
情态动词+主
语+动词原形+
其他? —Must I finish the report?我必须完成报告吗?
—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t.是的,你必须。/不,你不必。
助动词+主语+
动词原形+其
他? —Did Tom go to the zoo?汤姆去动物园了吗?
—Yes,he did./No,he didn’t.是的,他去了。/不,他没有去。
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(2)特殊疑问句:用特殊疑问词(组)引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句,回答时不能
使用yes或no,而是根据实际情况作答。
疑问词
(组) 含义及用法 例句
who “谁”,询问身份 Who is the man under the tree?树底下的那
个男人是谁?
which “哪一个”,询问特定
的人或物 Which book do you like?你喜欢哪一本书?
what “什么”,询问职业或
身份等 —What is he?他是干什么的?
—He’s a teacher.他是一名教师。
when “什么时候”,询问时
间 When did you go to Shanghai last time?
你上次去上海是什么时候?
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疑问词
(组) 含义及用法 例句
where “哪里”,询问地点 Where is he from?他来自哪里?
why “为什么”,询问原因 Why are you late again?你为什么又迟到了?
how “怎样,如何”,询问
方式 How do you go to school? 你怎样去上学?
whose “谁的”,询问所属关
系 Whose is this?这是谁的?
how far “多远”,询问距离 How far is it from here to your home?从这
儿到你家有多远?
续表
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疑问词
(组) 含义及用法 例句
how long “多长”,询问物体长
度 How long is the desk?这张书桌有多长?
“多长时间”,询问时
间长短,答语用“for+
一段时间”或“since+
时间点” —How long have you taught in the school?
你在这所学校教书教了多长时间?
—For ten years.十年了。
how many “多少”,询问数量,
后跟可数名词复数 How many books do you have? 你有多少本
书?
续表
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疑问词
(组) 含义及用法 例句
how much “多少”,询问数量,
后跟不可数名词 How much water do you need? 你需要多少
水?
“多少钱”,询问价格 How much are these books?这些书多少钱?
how often “多久一次”,询问频
率 How often do you go swimming?你多久去游
泳一次?
how soon “多久之后”,询问将
来的时间,答语用
“in+一段时间” —How soon will you come back?你多久回
来?
—In two days.两天之后。
how old “多大”,询问年龄 How old are you?你多大了?
续表
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(3)选择疑问句:说话人提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况作
答的问句叫作选择疑问句,列出的选择之间常用or连接。选择疑问句不用yes或no
回答,可用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答。
结构 例句
一般疑问句+选择项
A+or+选择项B? —Do you like noodles or rice?你喜欢面条还是米饭?
—I like rice.我喜欢米饭。
特殊疑问句+选择项
A+or+选择项B? —Which shirt do you like better,the red one or the blue
one?你更喜欢哪件衬衫,红色的还是蓝色的?
—I like the red one.我喜欢红色的这件。
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(4)反意疑问句:附加在陈述句后的简单问句叫反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循“三
同一反”原则(三同:人称、动词、时态;一反:前肯后否/前否后肯)。
结构 例句
肯定陈述句+否定附加
疑问句? Lucy often goes to school on foot,doesn’t she?露西常
常步行去上学,不是吗?
否定陈述句+肯定附加
疑问句? Max didn’t play basketball yesterday,did he?马克斯昨
天没有打篮球,是吗?
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结构 例句
Let’s祈使句,shall
we? Let’s have a rest,shall we?咱们休息一下,好吗?
肯定祈使句,will/won’t
you? Stand up,will/won’t you?站起来,好吗?
否定祈使句,will
you? Don’t be late again,will you?不要再迟到了,好吗?
续表
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3.感叹句
类型 结构 例句
what引
导的感
叹句 What+a/an+形容词+单数可数
名词(+主语+谓语)! What a beautiful flower(it is)!多么漂
亮的一朵花啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数
(+主语+谓语)! What interesting books (they are)!
多么有趣的书啊!
What+形容词+不可数名词
(+主语+谓语)! What fine weather (it is)!多么好的天
气啊!
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类型 结构 例句
how引
导的感
叹句 How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓
语)! How fine the weather is!多么好的天气
啊!
How+形容词+a/an+单数可数
名词(+主语+谓语)! How beautiful a dress(it is)!多么漂亮
的一条连衣裙啊!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies!时间过得多快啊!
续表
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4.祈使句
结构 例句
肯定
形式 (Please+)动词原形(+其他). Open the door,please.请打开门。
Be+表语(+其他). Be happy.开心点儿。
Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他).
(常用于第一、三人称,表示建
议、邀请和劝说等) Let’s go shopping.我们去购物吧。
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结构 例句
否定
形式 Don’t+动词原形(+其他). Don’t play with fire.不要玩火。
Don’t let+宾语+动词原形
(+其他).=Let+宾语+not+动词
原形(+其他). Don’t let him go there alone.=Let him
not go there alone.不要让他独自去
那里。
No+名词/动词-ing形式. ①No photos!禁止拍照!②No
parking!禁止停车!
Never+动词原形(+其他). Never give up! 永不放弃!
续表
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二、简单句基本句型
1.主谓:Tom runs fast.
2.主系表:Amy is a good student.
3.主谓宾:Mike bought a new book yesterday.
4.主谓宾宾:I gave Tom a notebook last week.
5.主谓宾补:Sad movies make me cry.
6.存现句:(就近原则)
(1)肯定句:
There is/are... There was/were...
There will be... There is/are going to be...
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(2)否定句:
There isn’t/aren’t... There wasn’t/weren’t...
There won’t be...
There isn’t/aren’t going to be...
(3)一般疑问句:
Is/Are there...? Was/Were there...?
Will there be...?
Is/Are there going to be...?
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Ⅰ.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
what how who stay how long
how soon how far how often there
1. (2025 宿迁) — Sun Yingsha won the women ’s singles final at the world Table Tennis
championships in Doha on May 25, 2025.
— _______ exciting the news is!
How
2.—_______ are a lot of new magazines in our school reading room.
—Oh, really? Shall we go there this afternoon?
There
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3.—___________ do you visit your grandparents?
—Once a week. I play chess with them every Sunday evening.
How often
4.(2025 绥化) ______ good advice it is! I ’m sure to make many fr,ends at the party.
What
5.—Attention,please!______inside because of the heavy rain.
—We will,Mr. Li.
Stay
6.—May,_____ is the e-mail from?
—A new friend. His name is Mike and he lives in Newcastle.
who
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7.—__________ have you been a member of the Youth League?
— For three years.
How long
8.—_________is it from our school to the new bookstore, Li Lei?
—Only one kilometer.
How far
9.—Lingling,__________will your brother come back from abroad?
—Hmm, in a week.
how soon
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Ⅱ.单句填空。
10.—The old man never feels lonely, _________?
—No, because he has many friends.
does he
11.Have a try,____you will never know what you can achieve.
12.(2025 北京)—Steve, ______ did you begin to learn how to play chess?
—About two years ago.
13.(2025 攀枝花改编)—It ’s reported that there will be a highway from Panzhihua to Yibin.
—Wow, ______ great news for us.
14._________ meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park.
or
when
what
What a
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15.( 2025长春) ______ beautiful the poem Mom knows Best is! I want to read
it to my mom.
How
16.—When we say “ saving the earth”, which is more important, taking action or
just talking?
—______________.We should do something right now to protect our home.
Taking action
17._______ is your hometown? I can’t find it anywhere on the map.
Where
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