上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科期末考试试卷 （考试时间：120分钟；试卷满分：150分） 2026年1月20日 Ⅰ．Multiple Choice Questions (1*30=30分) 1. Prior to his Antarctica expedition, Ernest Shackleton placed an advertisement seeking men for a ______ journey, offering little but small wages, ______ cold, months of darkness, ______ danger, and the prospect of a (n) ______ safe return. A. rough, piercing, constant, doubtful B. perilous, bitter, frequent, erratic C. bumpy, frozen, frequent, uncertain D. hazardous, freezing, constant, unreliable 2. While many of her peers cram for deadlines, she, as a (n) ______ student, remains composed because she manages her time ______ well, always completing tasks ahead of schedule with precision. A. distinguished, typically B. ordinary, unusually C. outstanding, normally D. exceptional, exceptionally 3. The polar expedition tested both the physical ______ and the mental ______ of the crew to the point of ______. A. endurance, resolve, exhaustion B. strength, resolve, exhaust C. endurance, resolution, exhausts D. strength, resolution, exhaustions 4. The exploration team ______ deep into the ruins, only to be completely lost due to a compass malfunction. As supplies ran out and they were on the verge of ______, the distress signal sent with their last bit of battery power finally brought a ______ helicopter. A. marched, disasters, saving B. ventured, collapse, guarding C. trudged, starvation, medevac D. pushed, malnutrition, rescue 5. The renowned explorer Shackleton and his crew had to abandon their original plan to ______ the South Pole when their ship got stuck in ice; instead, they were forced to ______ to the nearest safe harbor, but after months of survival in harsh conditions, they finally decided to ______ -though first, they had to carefully ______ a remote whaling station to send for rescue. A. head towards, head off, head home, head for B. head for, head back, head home, head towards C. head for, head offshore, head back, head into D. head towards, head northwest, head back, head out of 6. Seeing the gaping hole in his canoe’s hull, forced to ______ his damaged canoe before the faithful vessel — his companion on countless coastal explorations — could ______, Robinson clung to a barrel, trusting it would ______ him toward the distant shore. A. desert, float, support B. leave, sink, push C. discard, float, drift D. abandon, sink, float 7. After realizing his phone addiction, he ________ on a 30-day digital detox challenge. A. set out B. left off C. ended up D. started up 8. As the last drop of water evaporated from his canteen, a (n) ______ silence began to ______ him across the endless dunes — a silence more terrifying than any sandstorm. A. isolated, drive B. distressing, bully C. desperate, accompany D. loathing, spur 9. ______ steeled herself, and her unwavering ______ — to spend the next year entirely screen-free — quietly began to reshape her days, turning fragmented attention into focused presence and digital noise into meaningful silence. A. Resolve, mindset B. Resolution, spirits C. Resolve, resolution D. Determination, urge 10. Faced with the complexity of generative AI, engineers must not only ensure that the model’s decision-making logic is ______, but also explain its limitations to the public in ______ language to prevent technological misuse. A. inclusive, simple B. clear, professional C. sound, technical D. valid, plain 11. I ______ with all these stories I’d gathered from my time on the road, and I just, I couldn’t sell them anywhere. I was about to give up when I had this realization that nobody was gonna give me this job. I had to go create it. A. wound down B. wound up C. wound forward D. wound through 12. We pulled together ten incredible stories, ten incredible feats from people who live life on their own terms. I think it’d be easier to ______ these people up ______. They think of them as heroes, almost superhuman. A. put, on a pedestal B. push, on their way C. put, on a podium D. push, on their altar 13. A truly smart home prioritizes both ________ and ________ automation — the cameras detect threats without making residents feel watched, achieving protection through modest design that respects personal space and psychological comfort. A. secure, domestic B. stable, secret C. security, discreet D. stability, prudent 14. This jacket’s interface looks ________ with its haptic touch panels, but it’s thoroughly ________ — designed to function flawlessly even in pouring rain or while wearing gloves. A. futuristic, water-proof B. fancy, fool-proof C. flashy, bullet-proof D. elegant, error-proof 15. This smart fridge features a (n) ________ power monitor that displays energy usage in ________ terms, like “current draw equals leaving 3 LED bulbs on for a day.” A. cutting-edge, equivalent B. integrated, identical C. amazing, digital D. advanced, figurative 16. In the next-generation immersive theater, your virtual assistant won’t just follow orders — it will ______ your preferences and moods, learning until it can intuitively ______ the curation of your entire sensory experience. A. echo, optimize B. echo, take over C. resonate with, hand over D. resonate with, control 17. The true value of a smart home lies not in its ______ voice assistants, but in the ______ improvement to daily convenience, security, and efficiency that a fully integrated system provides. A. artificial, reliable B. synthetic, reliable C. artificial, substantial D. synthetic, substantial 18. To capture the elusive aurora, the team had to first ______ their limited resources wisely in order to ______ their observation stations at the most strategically viable points on the ice sheet. A. stretch, locate B. exploit, nestle C. command, position D. pull, spot 19. The hundreds of plant species cataloged by Zhong Yang and his team on the Tibetan Plateau are merely __________; genetic analysis suggests that thousands more, along with their untapped potential for medicine and climate adaptation, remain undiscovered. A. a drop in the ocean B. a canary in the coal mine C. the first domino to fall D. the tip of the iceberg 20. For the botanist with a severe pollen ______ conducting fieldwork in the rainforest was an extreme ______, yet it was the only way to collect rare specimens. A. pathogen, challenge B. allergy, hardship C. pathogen, trial D. allergy, suffering 21. Last year, Paul Miller ______ online when The Verge published his article ______ a unique personal experiment: going one full year with absolutely no internet. A. made something, explaining B. made names, detailing C. made waves, elaborating D. made an issue, listing 22. Instead of yelling at smart phones, I should be marveling at the fact that, because they remember everything, I don’t have to ______ my brain with things like contact numbers and birthdays. I can turn my thoughts to more ______ things. A. crowd, delicious B. pack, effective C. cram, tasty D. squeeze, savory 23. So let’s strike a deal: You, Mr. Smartphone, keep doing the great job you do; For my part, I will look up. I will take notice. I will stop. I’m going to breathe, savor, touch, feel and live without you for several stretches a day. If I love ______, I will let ______ go. A. you, you B. me, myself C. me, you D. it, it 24. I suppose the Almighty too grew weary, ______ scripture says He rested ______ the seventh day after creation, thus setting ______ humanity an eternal rhythm of labor and rest. A. as, in, / B. because, on, on C. for, on, for D. since, for, for 25. ________ Jane got older she grew increasingly agitated, set off by the smallest things, ________ it was the mail arriving, a westerly blowing or even the cheerful sight of the Cootamundra wattle coming ________ flower — phenomena that once brought comfort now seemed to grate ________ her frayed nerves. A. As, when, to, on B. When, if, into, in C. When, whether, to, in D. As, whether, into, on 26. Which of the following sentences is Correct? A. Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. B. Don’t trust such men as praises you to your face. C. They talked in such simple English that children could understand. D. He shut the window with such great force as the glass broke. 27. Some movies depict futuristic technologies ________ are so reasonable and practical ________ they go on to inspire real-world invention and innovation, such as the iconic self-opening doors introduced by Star Trek. A. that, that B. which, as C. that, whose D. as, that 28. I appreciated ______ a cup of coffee in the sofa in the cozy room with sunlight ______ the blind — watching light dance on the pages of my book and the rim of the cup, letting the aroma and warmth seep into the moment, as if time itself ______ into something rich and lingering. A. having, coming to shine, was brewing B. to have, come to shine, had been brewed C. having, coming shining, had been brewed D. to have, to come shining, was brewing 29. I ______ the first draft of my final essay today, a reasonable goal, carefully penciled ______ my planner at the start of the week; yet here I am, with the document still glaringly blank, all because I let the hours slip away, one after another, ______ an AI cabin project. A. intended to finish to write, on, building B. intended to finish writing, into, to build C. was about to finish to write, on, to build D. was to have finished writing, into, building 30. Building a modern AI system requires a step called “post-training”, or reinforcement learning. The AI model ______ a set of challenges in tasks such as coding, ______ it is possible to easily and automatically check success. ______ it writes good computer code, the system ______. In time, the model learns to write better code. A. has given, where, If, is rewarded B. is given, when, If, rewards C. has given, as, When, rewards D. is given, where, When, is rewarded Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary (1*30=30分) Section A (1*10=10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Toyota opens $10B “Woven City” in Japan to Test Life with Robots and AI Toyota has formally launched the first phase of ____31____ Woven City, a $10 billion “test course for mobility” built at the foot of Mt. Fuji. Intent & Function: A Living Lab for Future Tech Toyota positions Woven City not as a typical smart city, but as a living laboratory to test ____32____ (integrate) systems of mobility, infrastructure, energy, computation, and daily life. The aim is to gather real-world data and evidence to validate technologies before ____33____ (broad) deployment. Technologies under active testing include autonomous vehicles, robotics, indoor air systems that minimize pollen, and an autonomous robot capable of transporting vehicles between designated spots using lidar and camera systems. Scale, Timeline & Partners The Woven City site occupies part of a former Toyota vehicle manufacturing plant. ____34____ fully complete, the city aims to host up to 2,000 residents. A total of 12 Toyota Group companies, along with seven external firms and a musician, are part of the co-creation ecosystem. In addition to mobility and software firms, collaborators span sectors ____35____air conditioning, food & beverage, and electronics. Challenges & Forward Path Though heralded as a pioneering step, Woven City faces significant challenges: Scale vs. realism: The first phase is small in population, and technologies tested ____36____ prove reliability in more complex, larger-scale settings. Technology risk: Systems like autonomous transport, air purification, and smart infrastructure must pass rigorous safety and usability thresholds ____37____ technology transfer. Integration into broader society: Bridging from controlled test environments to real cities with existing infrastructure ____38____ (be) a steep transition. Going forward, Toyota intends to expand the co-creation network, scale infrastructure, increase the resident base, and gradually introduce public access. Toyota’s move to bring Woven City alive is a tangible marker in the ____39____ (evolve) landscape of mobility, infrastructure, and urban living. Whether it succeeds as a scalable blueprint for future cities will rest on ____40____ these experiments translate into everyday systems and whether the lessons learned here can be exported beyond their controlled environment. Section B (1*20=20分) (A) Directions: Complete the following two passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that for each passage there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. Was Mr Darcy the richest of all Jane Austen’s characters? A．secure B．conversely C．strange D．consequently E．background F．altered G．settled H．catch I．counting J．steady K．stretch Mr Darcy is handsome, smouldering and rich. According to the 1995 television adaptation of “Pride and Prejudice”, he is also an excellent swimmer. But in Austen’s next novel, “Mansfield Park”, she introduces a man in possession of even more money: Mr Rushworth. He is a clod, a “king” who appears “best in the ___41___”. But he is blessed with an estate spanning 700 acres (not ___42___ the water meadows), one of the best houses on London’s Wimpole Street and £12,000 a year to Darcy’s mere £10,000. It is fun to compare characters’ fortunes across novels. Doing so reveals “fiscal twins”, as Marilyn Francus of West Virginia University calls them. For example, Mr Bennet’s income in “Pride and Prejudice” (£2,000) is as large as Colonel Brandon’s in “Sense and Sensibility”: ___43___, then, that Mr Bennet has done so little to ___44___ his daughters’ futures. In “Northanger Abbey” James Morland can offer Isabella Thorpe only £400 a year. If she had ___45___ for that, she would have become the fiscal twin of Mrs Price, the poorest sister in “Mansfield Park”, who lived a life of clatter and chaos on what is reckoned to be a similar amount. The problem with these comparisons, however, is that the pound’s purchasing power was not ___46___ in the years between Austen novels. Harvest failures and recurring wars with France contributed to rapid inflation. ___47___, the demobilisation of soldiers in brief interludes of peace caused unemployment and inflation. Austen was aware of the problem. While revising “Sense and Sensibility” in 1811, she noted that “the incomes remain as they were, but I will get them ___48___ if I can.” It can make a big difference whether her numbers reflect the characters’ times or the year of publication. Some scholars, for example, argue that “Pride and Prejudice” is set around 1793-4 when militias were mobilised to protect Britain from possible invasion by France (“a whole campful of soldiers” thrills Lydia, the youngest and most feckless Bennet sister). “Mansfield Park”, on the other hand, is believed to start in 1808 or 1812. Between 1793 and 1808, the cost of living rose by over half, according to Charles Feinstein, an economic historian. That means the £12,000 flowing to Mr Rushworth in “Mansfield Park” did not ___49___ as far as the pounds accruing to Mr Darcy roughly 15 years earlier. Indeed, Mr Rushworth’s fortune was worth less than £7,900 at the prices prevailing in 1793. By that logic, he is not in fact the richest of Austen’s characters. Mr Darcy is a better ____50____. (B) Directions: Complete the following two passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that for each passage there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. Urban Jungle Explorers A．roast B．manner C．biologically D．open E．loathe F．indifference G．rewilding H．ecologically I．literature J．tolerant K．crack Thousands of kilometres of creepy catacombs under the city of Odessa, Ukraine; derelict strips of brambles along railway lines in Amsterdam in the Netherlands; stacks of dead leaves piled around street-side trees in Baltimore, Maryland; vacant lots in inner-city Beijing; slimy greenish-grey films in a Parisian gutter; a lawn of astroturf in front of a Melbourne office building… City dwellers pass places like these on a daily basis — and look away in disgust or ____51____. When talking about urban nature, such unsightly spots aren’t what comes to mind — we think instead of pleasant city parks or grandiose urban ____52____ projects. And yet, real ecosystems are everywhere in the city, from the gutters to the rooftops and right under our feet. They are uniquely urban, with a yet-uncharted natural history, begging to be studied by a new band of community scientists. Cities are where all ____53____ of human environmental effects coalesce. Pollution from chemicals, plastic waste, noise and artificial light; roads and roadkill; the urban heat island; impervious surfaces made of concrete, glass, and brick; trade that brings in exotic species — all conspire to create urban landscapes that are, ____54____, completely different from natural habitats. But all these novel urban environments are real biotopes in their own right, ____55____ as exciting as rainforests, mountaintops and oceanic islands, with unprecedented ecological communities biologists are only just starting to uncover. Algae and microorganisms in street gutters are unique mixes of species ____56____ of heat and pollution. In the sewers and catacombs under cities live invertebrates (无脊椎动物) similar to cave organisms. Forgotten, isolated patches of inner-city vegetation may hide species driven to extinction elsewhere. And artificial lawns turn out to be ideal places for wildflower seedlings to sprout and live together. There is also brand-new animal behaviour to be observed. In Japan, Carrion crows use traffic to ____57____ walnuts on pedestrian crossings. In the Netherlands, lesser black-backed gulls ____58____ invasive crayfish on hot tin roofs. Sulfur-crested cockatoos in Sydney have figured out how to open garbage bins. And there is real, rapid evolution, from city snails evolving paler shells in which their bodies stay cooler-thus resisting the urban heat island-to lizards that evolve feet with better grip on slippery human-made surfaces. Even completely new species can be found in cities. In Salt Lake City, Utah, incessant gardening created a new biotope for a previously unknown ant species. And in the catacombs of Odessa, urban spelunkers discovered a new species of underground shrimp. The city is thus the next frontier for biological exploration. It is a completely new ecosystem, rapidly expanding all over the world, and created by the actions of a single species, Homo sapiens, a biological phenomenon unprecedented in the history of life on Earth. And city dwellers are watching it all happen. The time is right: the ____59____ science revolution has made scientific ____60____, software and data accessible to all. Universities offer MOOCs for anyone to obtain academic-level biology and ecology training. Community labs and nature clubs give their members access to kitchen-counter DNA kits and microscopes. Everything is in place for community scientists to discover the new, unstudied biological phenomena all around them in the cities where they live. It may be a way out for all those urbanites who feel they have become disconnected from nature. By opening their eyes to the uncharted habitats in their own street, living in the city can become a delight again. Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension (1*25+2*15=55分) Section A (1*25=25分) Directions: For each blank in the following two passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) An understandable ethics outcry greeted the June announcement of a software platform that offers aspiring parents “genetic optimization” of their embryos (胚胎). ____61____ by Nucleus Genomics’ CEO Kian Sadeghi, the $5,999 service, named “Nucleus Embryo,” promised optimization of traits like heart disease and cancer resistance, as well as intelligence, longevity, baldness, eye color, and left-handedness. It also promised to ____62____ what makes someone an alcoholic. That left some commentators feeling “nauseous.” Critics ____63____ that it “treats children as marketable goods.” As professional bioethicists, we would have those same concerns — if Nucleus Embryo actually did what it claims. But it doesn’t. Sadeghi’s Nucleus Embryo starts from existing technology, and uses that reliable foundation to then ____64____ the realm of fantastic claims that may persuade venture capitalists and wealthy but naive customers but don’t hold up to scrutiny when you start seriously poking around. Parents have long used preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to avoid serious hereditary diseases or major chromosomal (染色体的) problems. PGD is very expensive, and there are legitimate ethical concerns about who is able to ____65____ the technology and who is not. But there is little moral concern when parents use the technology to prevent passing on a serious disease. Now, some parents want more than health — they seek traits like intelligence, slimness, or longevity. Nucleus Embryo claims to screen hundreds of traits in up to 20 embryos for “genetic optimization” ____66____, there are no major genetic markers for many cancers or a truly definite set for heart disease, let alone for intelligence, acne, or longevity. Geneticists have known this for decades. Granted, there are hundreds of locations across the human genome where genetic variants have ever-so-slight positive or negative ____67____ with those traits, and information about what’s at each of those locations can be combined into one big measurement called a “polygenic risk score,” which many geneticists use for research purposes. But the clinical value of polygenic risk scores for even straightforward medical conditions like stroke remains highly dubious. Most of the research so far has been done almost ____68____ on people with Western European ancestry, so there’s little guarantee that the predictions work for people with family trees that trace to different parts of the globe. Even if Nucleus Embryo really let you optimize your potential child’s intelligence or steer clear of the dreaded left-handedness, then there would be some deep ethical questions to ask about designer babies, the ____69____ of genetics (优生学) and the marketization of children. But you can rest ____70____. There’s no danger of the genetically perfect ruling over the imperfect. The real danger is that a bunch of wealthy parents-to-be who are too eager to control their children’s biological future will spend $5,999 for a product that offers no such control, possibly avoiding perfectly healthy embryos out of fear they aren’t “optimized enough.” 61. A. Advertised B. Invented C. Proved D. Supported 62. A. pick out B. filter in C. weed out D. check on 63. A. protested B. rejected C. worried D. reported 64. A. dive into B. head for C. embark on D. leap into 65. A. realize B. obtain C. acquire D. access 66. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Moreover 67. A. relationships B. associations C. interactions D. affiliations 68. A. exclusively B. primarily C. partially D. unfairly 69 A. history B. legacy C. effect D. result 70. A. cozy B. ready C. easy D. confident (B) On September 10, 2025, NASA revealed what may be the most compelling evidence of past Martian life to date. The Perseverance rover discovered a rock nicknamed “Cheyava Falls” while exploring a (n) ____71____ riverbed that once flowed into a lake billions of years ago. This specific sample is significant because it has unique physical markings that scientists have ____72____ to explain through non-biological processes alone. The most striking features of the rock are its “poppy seeds” and “leopard spots.” These are tiny dark dots and larger light-colored splotches surrounded by dark rims. On Earth, these types of ____73____ are frequently created by microbial activity in sedimentary rocks. Long before Perseverance even launched, researchers predicted that if life had ever existed on the Red Planet, it might leave behind ____74____ these kinds of distinct, easily ____75____ chemical signatures in the Martian terrain. The presence of these spots likely points to a process of biological ____76____. To survive, microbes can harvest energy by transferring electrons from organic compounds to minerals like iron. In Cheyava Falls, the dark rims and “poppy seeds” are ____77____ vivianite, a mineral that forms when iron receives these electrons. Furthermore, the pale centers of the spots contain greigite, suggesting that after exhausting the available iron, microbes may have switched to consuming sulfate. This logical chain of two different energy-harvesting reactions strongly ____78____ how microbial colonies operate in similar environments on our own planet. ____79____ NASA has considered non-biological explanations, such as volcanic activity or high-temperature chemical reactions, none of them perfectly fit the evidence. For instance, the specific reactions needed to create these minerals without life typically require temperatures exceeding 150℃, yet there is no evidence the rock was ever that hot. Additionally, minerals _____80_____ by groundwater or nearby volcanoes would likely result in messy splotches rather than the _____81_____ spots observed by the rover’s high-resolution cameras. Despite this excitement, scientists remain _____82_____ because a definitive “slam dunk” requires more advanced tools than a rover can carry. The final answer _____83_____ the Mars Sample Return mission, a joint project between NASA and the European Space Agency designed to bring these specific tubes back to Earth. Although budget _____84_____ place the timeline in doubt, Cheyava Falls remains the most “_____85_____” prize in the history of space exploration. 71. A. giant B. ancient C. mysterious D. remote 72. A. failed B. managed C. struggled D. hesitated 73. A. materials B. patterns C. colors D. landscapes 74. A. nearly B. roughly C. perhaps D. exactly 75. A. identifiable B. visible C. memorable D. adaptable 76. A. construction B. evolution C. circulation D. digestion 77. A. named after B. composed of C. centered on D. attracted to 78. A. reflects B. copies C. mirrors D. simplifies 79. A. While B. As C. Since D. If 80. A. created B. heated C. processed D. introduced 81. A. chaotic B. regulated C. organized D. colorful 82. A. pessimistic B. cautious C. disappointed D. calm 83. A. comes from B. lies in C. points to D. focuses on 84. A. cuts B. grants C. applications D. extensions 85. A. revolutionary B. innovative C. valuable D. promising Section B (2*11=22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Dr. Jane Goodall tells her changemaker story Most people ask when my love of nature began. I find the question difficult to answer, because for as long as I can remember, nature has simply been part of who I am. As a child, I spent hours observing animals, quietly watching birds until they no longer feared my presence. I was fortunate to grow up with a supportive mother, access to books, and constant contact with the natural world. Books first introduced me to Africa. By the age of ten, I announced that I would one day live among wild animals there and write about them. At the time, this ambition seemed absurd. Scientific careers were not considered appropriate for girls, and field studies of animals in the wild were almost unheard of. The idea was dismissed as unrealistic, dangerous, and financially impossible. Yet my mother offered me simple advice: if I truly wanted something, I would have to work extraordinarily hard, seize every opportunity, and refuse to give up. I followed that advice. Although I performed well at school, my family could not afford university, so I took a secretarial course and worked in London. Years later, that practical training proved unexpectedly useful. When a friend invited me to Kenya, I saved enough money to go, working various jobs along the way. There, by a stroke of chance, I met the paleontologist Louis Leakey, who was seeking a new secretary. My preparation, persistence, and long-standing passion for African wildlife earned me not only the position, but an opportunity to study chimpanzees in the wild. The work was far from easy. In the early months, the chimpanzees fled at the sight of me. Then one individual, later named David Graybeard, gradually lost his fear. Through him, I witnessed something that challenged established scientific beliefs: he used modified grass stems as tools. At the time, tool-making was considered a uniquely human trait. This observation drew international attention and allowed further research to continue. As I came to know the chimpanzees as individuals, I was struck by the similarities between their behavior and our own — kissing, embracing, holding hands, swaggering, males competing for dominance. Good mothers and bad mothers. They’re capable of violence and brutality, but also love and altruism. After two years Dr. Leakey said he’d got me a place in Cambridge University, and it was at Cambridge that my first real task of making change happened. To my horror and dismay, scientists there told me I’d done everything wrong. I shouldn’t have given the chimpanzees names; they should have had numbers. I couldn’t talk about their personalities or minds or emotions because those were unique to us. But growing up, I’d been taught by my dog, Rusty, that animals had personalities, minds and emotions. My mother taught me if you think differently than someone, first listen because maybe they know things you don’t. If you still believe you are righter than they are, have the courage of your convictions. I stood up for my belief that animals had personalities, minds and emotions. And because of the evidence that chimpanzees are so like us biologically — we share 98.6% of their DNA — and the material I wrote about their behavior, the scientists simply had to move away from the reductionist way of thinking that we humans are the only sentient beings. 86. What was the possible reason for the author’s going to Africa? A. A lifelong academic ambition shaped by formal scientific training. B. A childhood fascination supported by books, family, and passion. C. A desire to escape social expectations placed on women at the time. D. A practical plan encouraged by clear career opportunities abroad. 87. Which of the following best explains why the author took a secretarial course? A. It was a deliberate step toward becoming a professional scientist. B. It was required by British authorities for overseas research work. C. It was a practical choice made in the absence of better options. D. It was strongly recommended by Dr. Leakey as essential preparation. 88. What was the scientific significance of David Graybeard’s behavior described in the passage? A. It provided evidence against the belief that only humans make tools. B. It confirmed that chimpanzees could be trained through human contact. C. It revealed how chimpanzees adapt to life in remote environments. D. It demonstrated the importance of long-term observation methods. 89. What can be inferred from the author’s experience at Cambridge University? A. Scientific traditions can be easily changed once new data is presented. B. Emotional attachment clouds objective understanding of animals. C. Academic recognition depends largely on formal qualifications. D Challenging established views often requires both evidence and resolve. (B) TOP HIKING TRAILS IN THE WORLD Posted on 04-15-25 Share From ancient stone paths to high mountain passes, these five hiking trails offer unforgettable journeys for adventurers around the globe. Before setting off, hikers should pay close attention to scenery highlights, access seasons, and reservation requirements. The Great Wall Trek — China Stretching across northern China, the Great Wall offers several trekking-friendly sections such as Jinshanling and Simatai. These routes combine dramatic mountain views with historic watchtowers. ●Best season: April — September ●Reservation: Ticket booking required for restored sections ●Facilities: Shops and rest areas near major entrances ●Note: Some parts are steep and uneven The John Muir Trail — USA Located in California’s Sierra Nevada, the 211-mile John Muir Trail (JMT) passes through Yosemite, Kings Canyon, and Sequoia National Parks. ●Best season: July — September ●Reservation: Wilderness permits required months in advance ●Facilities: Limited resupply points along the route ●Note: High altitude and long distances demand strong fitness The Camino de Santiago — Spain Known as a spiritual pilgrimage, the Camino de Santiago is a network of routes leading to Santiago de Compostela. The Camino Francés, the most popular route, spans about 500 miles. ●Best season: May — October ●Reservation: Required for commercial filming and organized groups ●Facilities: Frequent hostels, cafés, and medical stations ●Note: Suitable for beginners and cultural travelers The augavegur Trail — Iceland This 55-kilometer trail connects Landmannalaugar to Þórsmörk, passing glaciers, hot springs, and volcanic deserts. ●Best season: June — August ●Reservation: Required for mountain huts ●Facilities: Huts and emergency shelters available ●Note: Weather changes rapidly The Inca Trail —Peru Leading to the ancient city of Machu Picchu, the Inca Trail combines archaeological ruins with Andean scenery. ●Best season: May — September ●Reservation: Mandatory booking via licensed tour operators ●Facilities: Guided camps and porters provided ●Note: Daily hiker numbers are strictly limited 90. Which of the following trails allows independent hiking without compulsory permits? A. The Great Wall Trek in China. B. The Camino de Santiago in Spain. C. The John Muir Trail in the United States. D. The Inca Trail in Peru. 91. Which of the following travel plans is NOT appropriate according to the information provided? A. Choosing the Camino de Santiago for a family interested in cultural experiences. B. Planning to hike the Laugavegur Trail during the summer vacation as an extreme-sports enthusiast seeking challenging natural landscapes. C. Selecting the John Muir Trail for beginner hikers who prefer making spontaneous travel plans. D. Walking along the Great Wall Trek for travelers who enjoy historical sightseeing. 92. Which of the following can best be inferred from the information provided in the passage? A. Trails with strict permit systems tend to offer fewer natural attractions. B. Long-distance trails generally require higher physical fitness than short routes. C. Access regulations for trails are influenced by environmental and safety concerns. D. Independent hiking is discouraged on most famous trails worldwide. (C) Should Teenagers Be Banned from Social Media? Debates over restricting teenagers’ access to social media often begin with an apparent contradiction. On the one hand, young people possess free-speech rights, and social media has become the most visible arena for public expression. On the other, there is growing consensus that social media causes real harm, particularly to children. The unresolved question, then, is not whether social media is damaging, but how far a society committed to free expression should go in limiting access to it in the name of protection. Earlier attempts to resolve this tension, such as Utah’s proposed age-verification law, revealed the difficulty of translating parental concern into policy without overreaching. Requiring government identification to access social platforms risked excluding not only minors but also adults lacking official documents, effectively narrowing participation in the digital public square. Civil-libertarian objections framed such measures as unacceptable intrusions on free expression, and for a time, that argument appeared decisive. Australia’s recent Online Safety Amendment Act represents a more forceful intervention. To participate in digital life, Australian citizens may now have to submit a fairly onerous series of age verifications. By effectively banning children under sixteen from major social-media platforms and imposing staggering fines on noncompliant companies, the law shifts responsibility from families to the state. Yet public reaction to the law reveals a paradox. Although a large majority of adults support the ban, many doubt its effectiveness, and even fewer parents intend to enforce it strictly at home. Early reports suggest that children are already finding ways to circumvent age-verification systems, highlighting the limits of technological enforcement. What seems most likely is not total compliance but a partial cultural shift. The law may function less as an airtight prohibition than as a signal of changing norms. We are currently witnessing a “politics of attention” where society can no longer remain neutral on what it means to live a digital life well. Increasingly, technology is seen as a powerful force that shapes attention, behavior, and values, often in ways misaligned with human well-being. This development is also reflected in what might be called a “quiet revolution” — not simply a change in policy, but a deeper moral realignment. This quiet revolution is already visible in school districts across the U.S. that have banned smartphones from classrooms. The growing suspicion toward smartphones and social platforms thus signals the emergence of a new national morality, one that questions whether constant connectivity truly serves a good life. Crucially, this moral shift is not limited to concerns about children. Anxiety over teenagers’ phone use masks a broader unease with adult lives that have become fragmented, relentlessly scheduled, and dominated by digital demands. A truly flourishing digital life requires a shift in norms for adults as well as children. If society cannot move away from private technology companies that incentivize cheap engagement, any rules dictated for the next generation will remain compromised. The challenge lies in rediscovering what to do with our newfound, offline time. 93. According to the passage, what was a major concern regarding Utah’s proposed age-verification law? A. It would have failed to reduce teenagers’ use of social media in practice. B. It risked restricting access to online expression for adults as well as minors. C. It placed excessive financial pressure on social-media companies. D. It conflicted with parental authority by transferring decision-making power to the state. 94. What paradox surrounding Australia’s Online Safety Amendment Act does the author highlight? A. The law enjoys political support but faces opposition from technology companies. B. Public approval of the law exists alongside doubts about its real-world enforcement. C. Parents support the law in principle but find it hard to enforce it at home. D. The law’s strict design contrasts with the ease of bypassing them by minors. 95. Which of the following best explains what the author means by the “quiet revolution” in the fourth paragraph? A. A gradual tightening of government regulations that aims to strictly control teenagers’ access to digital technology. B. A temporary reaction to smartphone overuse that will fade with the adaptation to new digital norms. C. A public backlash driven mainly by schools and parents against the economic power of tech companies. D. A widespread shift in social values that redefines how technology should be used in everyday life. 96. What position is the author most likely to take on current efforts to restrict teenagers’ access to social media? A. They are meaningful mainly as part of a broader shift in social norms, especially when accompanied by changes in adult behavior. B. They function primarily as policy instruments intended to weaken the commercial dominance of technology companies over public attention. C. They largely reflect short-term public concern and moral unease, with limited potential to reshape long-term social values. D. They are best understood as measures that should rely more on parental guidance and household rules than on institutional intervention. Section C (2*4=8分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are TWO MORE sentences than you need. Talking to Chatbots: What Teens Should Know How often do you talk to a chatbot like ChatGPT? A few times a week? Every day? Surveys suggest that more than 70% of American teenagers have interacted with one. These tools can feel like friendly listeners — always available, never impatient. Yet chatbots were not designed specifically for young people, and their risks are often misunderstood. Public attention is usually drawn to extreme tragedies. In 2025, a teenager named Adam Raine died by suicide, and his family claimed that his conversations with a chatbot contributed to the crisis. Such cases are shocking, but experts caution against focusing only on the most dramatic outcomes. ____97____ One illustration comes from Amanda Guinzburg, a professional writer who once asked ChatGPT to help polish a letter and assess samples of her work. The chatbot responded with enthusiastic praise, but something felt off. When Guinzburg pressed the bot, it admitted that it had not actually read her essays. From this experience, Guinzburg realized that chatbots are often designed less to provide accurate help than to keep users engaged and satisfied. ____98____ So here are a few things to keep in mind when you talk to any AI-powered tool. First, remember that your voice matters. Chatbots may sound thoughtful or empathetic, but this impression is an illusion. They do not have emotions, lived experience, or real understanding. Instead, they predict language based on patterns in massive amounts of text. ____99____ However, as English teacher Brett Vogelsinger explains, students should see chatbots as tools for learning techniques — not as standards they must compete with. Original human expression, even when imperfect, still matters more. Second, turn to real people for important advice. Chatbots do not judge and are always available, which makes them appealing. Some studies even suggest they can reduce loneliness. ____100____ Research has shown that they provide inappropriate mental-health support in about one-fifth of crisis-related cases. Third, be cautious of flattery. Chatbots are trained to agree and encourage, because people tend to prefer supportive responses. While encouragement can boost confidence, constant affirmation may prevent users from recognizing mistakes and learning from them. Chatbots can be useful and fun, but they should be treated with caution. As one expert advises, enjoy them as tools or toys—but never stop thinking for yourself. A. However, psychologists warn that this convenience can come at a serious cost in high-risk situations. B. Although chatbot companies promise improvements — such as upgraded systems and better crisis alerts — the basic way these tools operate, and how they may fail — remain the same. C. Tragedies like this should be viewed at least partly as failures of individual responsibility rather than primarily technology. D. Many of these risks emerge not from dramatic events but from everyday interactions that build quiet trust. E. This illusion can blur the boundary between simulated empathy and genuine human understanding. F. As a result, users may wrongly assume that chatbots can reason, feel, or judge like humans. Ⅵ．Sentence Translation (3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 101. 面对持续的失败，他不再努力，最终自暴自弃了。（abandon）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 102. 景区里络绎不绝的游客所产生的噪音，其实等同于一场小型施工带来的影响，使周边居民抱怨无法睡得香甜（equivalent）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 103. 不少年轻人迫切想要做出改变以带来积极的社会变革，保守派却对他们吹毛求疵，认为他们太过稚嫩、缺乏规划。（desperate）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 104. 随着数码信息的爆炸，人们可以轻易获取过量的廉价、简单、使人上瘾的网上信息供自己随意浏览。难怪人们很容易形成一种习惯，即在网上连续数小时不用脑子地从一份美味零食吃到另一份美味零食。(No wonder) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ．Guided Writing (20分) 105. Directions: Write an English composition of about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 人工智能技术辅助个体学习已经成为未来的教育趋势，目前很多学生借助其丰富的信息资源完成作业。你校校报正在开展以“学生是否应借助人工智能完成作业”为主题的征文活动。假设你是李华，请你据此撰文，阐述个人观点与理由，并就中学生未来如何合理利用人工智能技术赋能学习提出具体建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科期末考试试卷 （考试时间：120分钟；试卷满分：150分） 2026年1月20日 Ⅰ．Multiple Choice Questions (1*30=30分) 【1题答案】 【答案】A 【2题答案】 【答案】D 【3题答案】 【答案】A 【4题答案】 【答案】C 【5题答案】 【答案】B 【6题答案】 【答案】D 【7题答案】 【答案】A 【8题答案】 【答案】C 【9题答案】 【答案】C 【10题答案】 【答案】D 【11题答案】 【答案】B 【12题答案】 【答案】A 【13题答案】 【答案】C 【14题答案】 【答案】A 【15题答案】 【答案】A 【16题答案】 【答案】A 【17题答案】 【答案】C 【18题答案】 【答案】A 【19题答案】 【答案】D 【20题答案】 【答案】B 【21题答案】 【答案】C 【22题答案】 【答案】C 【23题答案】 【答案】C 【24题答案】 【答案】C 【25题答案】 【答案】D 【26题答案】 【答案】A 【27题答案】 【答案】A 【28题答案】 【答案】C 【29题答案】 【答案】D 【30题答案】 【答案】D Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary (1*30=30分) Section A (1*10=10分) 【31~40题答案】 【答案】31. its 32. integrated 33. broader 34. When 35. such as 36. must 37. before 38. will be 39. evolving 40. how Section B (1*20=20分) (A) 【41~50题答案】 【答案】41. E 42. I 43. C 44. A 45. G 46. J 47. D 48. F 49. K 50. H (B) 【51~60题答案】 【答案】51. F 52. G 53. B 54. H 55. C 56. J 57. K 58. A 59. D 60. I Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension (1*25+2*15=55分) Section A (1*25=25分) Directions: For each blank in the following two passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) 【61~70题答案】 【答案】61 A 62. C 63. C 64. D 65. D 66. A 67. B 68. A 69. B 70. C (B) 【71~85题答案】 【答案】71. B 72. A 73. B 74. D 75. A 76. D 77. B 78. C 79. A 80. A 81. C 82. B 83. B 84. A 85. D Section B (2*11=22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) 【86~89题答案】 【答案】86. B 87. C 88. A 89. D (B) 【90~92题答案】 【答案】90. B 91. C 92. C (C) 【93~96题答案】 【答案】93. B 94. B 95. D 96. A Section C (2*4=8分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are TWO MORE sentences than you need. 【97~100题答案】 【答案】97. D 98. B 99. E 100. A Ⅵ．Sentence Translation (3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 【101题答案】 【答案】When faced with constant failures, he no longer made efforts and finally abandoned himself. 【102题答案】 【答案】The noise generated by the continuous stream of tourists in the scenic area is actually equivalent to the impact of a small - scale construction, making the surrounding residents complain that they can't sleep soundly. 【103题答案】 【答案】Many young people are desperate to make changes to bring about positive social change, while conservatives are nitpicking at them, believing that they are too naive and lack planning. 【104题答案】 【答案】With the explosion of digital information, people can easily access an overabundance of cheap, simple, and addictive online information for their casual browsing. No wonder it is easy for people to form a habit of mindlessly grazing from one delicious snack to another online for hours on end. Ⅴ．Guided Writing (20分) 【105题答案】 【答案】 Whether Students Should Use Artificial Intelligence to Complete Their Homework? In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), an increasing number of students are turning to it for homework assistance. However, whether students should use AI to complete their homework is a controversial issue. In my opinion, while AI can offer valuable resources, relying solely on it for homework is not advisable. AI-assisted learning has its merits. It provides vast amounts of information, helping students broaden their knowledge and gain different perspectives. Nevertheless, over-dependence on AI undermines the purpose of homework. Homework is designed to enhance students' independent thinking and problem-solving abilities. If students merely copy AI-generated answers, they miss the opportunity to develop these essential skills. To make rational use of AI in learning, students should first use it as a supplementary tool. Additionally, students should verify the information obtained from AI to ensure its accuracy. Finally, they should use AI to set up personalized learning plans based on their own learning progress and weaknesses. By doing so, AI can truly empower students' learning. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $