题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（武汉专用）（中考真题+热点话题练）-2026年中考英语总复习(武汉专用)

题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (武汉专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 较易 科普知识,说明文,词句猜测,主旨大意,推理判断,细节理解 2 适中 说明文,科学技术 3 适中 说明文,人与动植物 4 适中 科普知识,身心健康,说明文 5 适中 科普知识,说明文 6 适中 科普知识,说明文,电影与戏剧 7 适中 说明文,语言与文化,主旨大意,推理判断,细节理解 8 适中 科普知识,说明文,常见动物,环境保护 9 适中 科普知识,说明文 10 适中 说明文,意见/建议 11 适中 科普知识,说明文 12 适中 说明文,科学技术,常见动物 13 较难 科普知识,说明文,科学技术 14 适中 说明文,青少年问题 15 较难 天体与宇宙,科普知识,说明文 【中考真题】 Do you know the five main senses we have? They are touch, taste, sight, smell and hearing. They are controlled by different parts of our brains. So we call the brain our built-in “BeiDou”. Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose. It’s easy, right? That’s because our brains can receive messages about where our body parts are. We can also stand on one leg without falling down. If we lose our balance, our brains will give us orders to fix it. ★ . Tests show that people see spider pictures faster than flowers. Some researchers also found that people react (作出反应) to loud noises faster than to a friend’s voice. Scientists aren’t completely sure about the reasons. Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives. Until today, we still jump at sudden noises or shadows (影子) in dark rooms. Here is more about brains. Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It’s called sense mixing. Scientists think this happens when different senses intermingle (相互交织). Another fact is that temperature sometimes influences our senses. Some people can feel storms coming through knee pain. So we often joke that we’re “human weather apps”. Also, our brains are able to make adjustment (调整) to some senses. If someone can’t see well, his hearing or touch might become stronger. Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there’s still a lot to do. Have you ever wondered why some people are better at sports? What’s the secret to improving memory? Then it’s time for you to start your discovering journey. 1．What do the two examples in the first paragraph show? A．Brains help our bodies work well. B．Human brains are different. C．Humans can touch their noses easily. D．People have many living habits. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．It’s fun to study our ancestors’ life B．It’s easy to learn about senses C．Animals help people in many ways D．Brains are also life-saving heroes 3．Which animal in the following pictures is probably a “predator”? A． B． C． D． 4．According to paragraph 3, what might happen if your senses mix? A．You can tie your shoes without looking. B．You taste sweetness when seeing an apple. C．You jump when someone shouts suddenly. D．You feel pain in your knees before the rain comes. 5．What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph? A．To improve people’s memory. B．To encourage brain studies. C．To show the value of our brains. D．To admire scientists’ efforts. You may have a house robot that can do housework for you. But is it so smart? Meet Laura, a robot in the National Library in Madrid, Spain, copying out the old books and writings in its collection. See Aurora, a headless dog-sized robot used to keep birds and other animals away at an Alaskan airport. Watch another 1.8 meter-tall legless robot called EveR6, waving its arms to guide musicians through a performance. Those robots above require artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). AI is a computer system (系统) that can understand languages, make decisions and solve problems. AI can be taught skills using a process called machine learning. Humans give AI information such as books, photos or videos to train it. The more information it studies, the better it can do its job. ________. For example, when you watch TV, AI is watching you. It’ll know what your favorite is and suggest similar ones. In hospitals, AI is very good at suggesting treatments and can even invent new medicines. To cut down food waste, some schools introduce online systems for the students to choose meals ahead of time. In cities, AI is used to watch out for cars that make black smoke. It works together with the police and transportation teams to stop them and keep the air clean. AI can help us fight climate (气候) change by finding clever ways to reduce energy use. Some people worry that AI will take away a large number of jobs and also fear that AI could develop out of our control and bring danger to humans. However, AI is expected to be a more powerful production tool that will help humans achieve more in less time. It is believed that the flying car will be made to offer an easier way out of the morning traffic jam (交通堵塞). Humans imagine AI might even find a way to solve the problems of our energy needs completely. Anyway, there is still a long journey for humans and AI. 1．In which pictures can we see Aurora and EveR6? A．a, c B．b, d C．b, c D．a, d 2．What BIG question does paragraph 2 answer? A．What is AI? B．Why are AI robots made? C．Where is AI used? D．How many AI robots are mentioned? 3．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．AI will be developed rapidly B．Humans depend too much on AI C．Humans wonder if AI could think D．AI has become part of daily life 4．In the future, AI is expected to be able to ________. A．suggest TV programs B．cut down food waste C．invent new medicines D．help produce enough energy 5．What would the author write about after the last paragraph? A．The end of AI. B．The history of AI. C．The way to get along with AI. D．The skill of making AI robots. Bert won a national prize called Young Heroes for his “green” project. This public-spirited young person was now a university student. His love for insects grew deeper and he was protecting them for the future. _________. When he was around 4 or 5, he always loved to watch different insects, especially beautiful swallowtails(凤蝶). One interesting fact he learned about swallowtails was that their bright colors warned hungry animals that they tasted bad. And it was also fun to watch how they came into being. But the reason he really fell in love with them was that they were very accessible. For example, if you wanted to attract (吸引) swallowtails, you planted some zinnias, a kind of bright flowers. Bert started a zinnia garden at his house, where he raised a large number of swallowtails over the years. With the world’s swallowtail population falling, Bert wanted people to realize that if insects like swallowtails disappeared, so would all the others above them on the food chain. To make the fact clear and easy to understand for other students, he also created a zinnia garden at his junior high school. Part of the joy for Bert was watching the younger students get excited when running after swallowtails. “Whenever a swallowtail lands on them, the young students will soon fall in love with these cute insects. They develop a new appreciation for them,” he said. Bert put his efforts into the environmental educational project and made it take flight. 1．After Bert was honored with Young Heroes, _________. A．he often gave speeches in public B．he set up his “green” project C．he became interested in swallowtails D．he went on protecting insects 2．Which of the following can be put in _________? A．Bert saved many swallowtails B．Bert had a dull childhood C．Bert found his love early in life D．Bert made a hard decision 3．The underlined word “accessible” in paragraph 2 means “_________”. A．dangerous to feed B．easy to get close to C．hard to raise D．safe to reach 4．The main reason for Bert to create a zinnia garden at school was _________. A．to watch students have fun B．to make his school more beautiful C．to stop swallowtails from disappearing D．to help kids learn about swallowtails 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．A Bright Flower B．A Flying Project C．A Green Garden D．A Warning Action 【热点话题练习】 Being creative can keep people young Creative activities can slow brain aging, a new study shows. An international team of researchers studied 1,400 participants from 13 countries—covering groups like part-time watercolor painters in Japan, part-time folk musicians in Brazil, beginner video gamers in the U.S., and even community theater actors in Germany. These volunteers cover a range from total newcomers (like a 62-year-old man who’d just started learning calligraphy) to experienced experts (such as a 78-year-old jazz pianist with 50 years of performance experience). To measure brain health, researchers scanned (扫描) their brains using MRI technology and had them take a series of cognitive (认知的) tests, including memory quizzes (recalling a list of 10 words after 30 minutes) and problem-solving tasks. ________ People who spent at least 2 hours a week on creative activities had “brain ages” that were an average of 4.3 years younger than those who seldom joined in such activities. This effect was even stronger for tango dancers in Argentina: their brain scans showed an average 7-year gap between their biological age and their brain’s functional age (脑功能年龄), with one 71-year-old dancer scoring as well as a 64-year-old on memory tests.      Even small participation brought benefits. For example, a 58-year-old teacher in Canada who only painted watercolor paintings on weekends (about 3 hours a month) still had a brain age 1.8 years younger than people of her age who stuck to non-active hobbies like watching TV. The scientists behind the study noted that creative activities combine multiple (多种的) brain functions and social connections, which may explain their protective effect. They suggested that doing creative things is a low-cost, practical way to support brain health: for instance, a 2022 survey in the UK found that 68% of seniors who joined weekly craft classes reported better memory after 6 months. “Our societies need to think about healthy aging through both medical and non-medical ways, such as creativity, art, and play,” said Agustin Ibanez, one of the study’s authors. “A 70-year-old who takes up pottery isn’t just making mugs—they’re giving their brain a workout that keeps it active for years.” 1．What do the participants in paragraph 1 have in common? A．All participants were experts in creative activities. B．Participants had different levels of creative experience. C．Only elderly people joined the international study. D．Creative activities were limited to painting and music. 2．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Some loved the tests a lot. B．However, they are not enough. C．The results were shocking. D．Times are different now. 3．Which activity in the following picture is a creative one? A． B． C． D． 4．According to the scientists, why do creative activities protect brain health? A．They only need people to focus on one brain function. B．They link multiple brain functions and social interaction. C．They are expensive but effective ways for brain training. D．They can make people’s memories perfect in a short time. 5．What is the writing purpose of Agustin Ibanez’s words in the last paragraph? A．To explain why pottery is a popular hobby. B．To show that creative activities are just for the arts. C．To point out that creative activities can keep the brain active. D．To compare medical and non-medical ways of aging. In Kunming, Yunnan Province, there’s a special place called the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species (野生物种种质资源库). It’s like a treasure box filled with over 94,000 plant seeds(种子) from about 11,000 wild species. This bank is the largest of its kind in Asia and is of great importance to plants because it protects endangered species. The seeds are stored in a four-story building in Kunming’s northern areas. In the big room, 30 meters underground, the seeds are kept in special glass bottles at the temperature of −20°C to keep them safe for the future. Cai Jie, who works for the bank, tells a story about some ancient lotus seeds found in 1952. They were found in a dried—up pool in Liaoning Province. Scientists found out that these lotus fruits were 1,288 years old! Even more incredible, the seeds inside the fruits were able to grow into beautiful flowers after the hard outer part was taken away. “Seeds are like natural treasure boxes. They hold the secret information on plants and can start growing again when the time is right. We take great care in saving these seeds because we respect nature and believe in the power of life.” says Cai. Started in 2007 and run by the Kunming Institute of Botany, the Gemplasm Bank of Wild Species is an important place for studying and protecting plants. It serves as a safe house for wild plants, helping them survive (生存) for future generations. 1．Why is the bank very important to plants? A．Because it’s filled with colorful seeds. B．Because it holds the secret information on plants. C．Because it protects endangered species D．Because it tells stories about ancient plants. 2．How does the bank keep the seeds safe? A．By controlling their natural growth. B．By providing each of them with a safe house. C．By studying their living conditions. D．By storing them in bottles at a low temperature. 3．What does the underlined word “incredible” robably mean? A．Amazing. B．Terrible. C．Beautiful. D．Dangerous. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Collecting wild seeds is really hard work. B．It's important for us to protect seeds for the future. C．There are many ancient lotus fruits in Liaoning Province. D．Most wild plants in Asia are in danger of dying out. 5．Which would be the best theme (主题) picture of the passage? A． B． C． D． Do you always see circles, squares and triangles in our daily life? Have you thought about their meanings in films? Much like colors, different shapes show different features of characters in the scenes. Circles represent things that are soft and natural. We connect circles with beautiful eyes, babies’ round faces.... All these things make us feel happy and warm. This is why so many main cartoon characters are round in shape. Squares show things that are boring or old-fashioned. For example, in the cartoon film Up, Carl has a square face and wears square glasses, while Russell, an 8-year-old boy with a round face, always wears round medals. These shapes show the characters’ personalities. Carl is stubborn and lonely, while Russell is lovely and full of energy. ★ .Every kid draws a monster with a row of triangles as teeth. That’s because the shape represents fear, distrust. And triangles are stable (稳固的) and don’t easily fall down. In films, this feature makes bad people difficult to deal with, like Shengongbao in Ne Zha. Not only in cartoons, but also in films, different shapes are used for the same purpose. So, try to find the hidden shapes and you will know what the characters are like. 1．Which writing skill is used in paragraph 1? A．Giving examples. B．Raising questions. C．Listing numbers. D．Comparing facts. 2．Which of the following cartoon character will probably make people feel warm? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “stubborn” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Make a complete change. B．Avoid making decisions. C．Follow new fashion. D．Refuse to accept different things. 4．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Unlike round shapes, some shapes have completely different meanings. B．Triangles with sharp corners stand for scary and dangerous things in films. C．All the three shapes we talk about have special meanings in different films. D．People feel warm and excited when they see things in triangles. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．Why different shapes represent different things. B．What makes kids fascinated by heroes in films. C．What different shapes represent in different films. D．How cartoons make different colors and shapes. Do you remember the useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake.” or “It serves you right.” in English learning? They carry more meanings than the words themselves. In Chinese culture, we also have lots of similar useful expressions like “drinking ink (墨水)” and “An inch (寸) of time is worth an inch of gold.” “Drinking ink” is a common expression to show that a person is educated. Is there anyone who really drinks ink? ★ . During the Northern Qi Dynasty, those who performed very badly in the exam would be punished by drinking ink. Even if they were found to have poor handwriting or made up something terrible, they would be taken into a special room to drink ink. The rule was accepted then. Nowadays, this expression is widely used to describe people’s ways of receiving education or their level of education. For example, “drinking foreign ink” means one has studied overseas. “Drinking little ink” means a low level of education. “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold.” means that an inch of time has the same value as an inch of gold. It is also the first half of a saying, “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of time cannot be bought with an inch of gold.” In ancient times, time was measured (测量) by inches because people used the sundial as a time-keeping tool. It is made of a flat and round plate on which time degrees are shown. As the sun moves from rising to setting, the length of the gnomon’s shadow (影子) changes from long to short and short to long. This is how the sundial tells time. Language is closely connected with culture. Language learning can help us better understand the cultures behind the countries and communicate better with people from different countries. 1．The author mentions English expressions like “It’s a piece of cake” to ________. A．show some common ideas B．explain some English sayings C．lead to the main topic D．make some useful sentences 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ . A．The answer is surely no B．It could be true in history C．It depends on who he is D．We are looking for the answer 3．What’s the best way to reply to “You should drink more ink! “ A．But I should buy some ink first! B．I’ll value the time with you! C．I’ll work hard to read more books! D．But I don’t like the taste of it! 4．Which of the following pictures can show a sundial? A． B． C． D． 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The differences in two languages. B．The history of language development. C．The value of Chinese traditional culture. D．The relationship between language and culture. Deep under the Pacific Ocean lie coral reefs colored by some algae that live with corals. Corals usually provide nitrogen (氮) to algae, and in return they get carbon (碳), which gives them energy.    In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white. And it was believed that about 50 percent of reefs with beautiful corals might disappear by 2030. Heat waves warmed up the same Pacific waters in the late 1990s and again in 2015-2016, but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn’t influence the reefs as badly as the first. Maybe corals have found a way to adapt (适应).     Swimming to cooler waters is not a good choice for corals, for it makes them easily hurt by the changing climate. But corals are able to adapt. Some turn to those algae that can deal well with heat. Others can use rows of tiny hairs on their bodies to “fan” away too much harmful oxygen (O2) let out by stressed-out algae. Certain baby corals change their own metabolisms (新陈代谢) in order to fight the warming waters. But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree.     After studying and understanding these adaptations, scientists are trying to find ways to help corals fight. If researchers can make corals accept algae that can deal with heat pressure or if they energize genes (基因) that can deal with heat pressure, it will raise the corals’ chance of living through future ocean heat waves.     “When I go down to the sea and see a beautiful healthy reef with these colorful corals, I feel this pleasure of being in this underwater world,” a famous biologist says. “It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight.” 1．Which picture shows the relationship among corals, algae and coral reefs? A． B． C． D． 2．What does the underlined part “the first” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The heat wave in the early 1980s. B．The heat wave in the late 1990s. C．The Pacific waters in 2015-2016. D．The reefs’ disappearance by 2030. 3．What difficulty do corals face? A．They are not able to swim to cooler waters. B．They cannot change their own metabolisms. C．They cannot completely adapt to heat waves. D．They are unable to drive away harmful oxygen. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．It’s necessary to live with corals. B．The ocean has become unhealthy. C．We should try our best to save corals. D．Making a study of the ocean is a must. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Corals Die Out B．Corals Fight Back C．Corals Break Down D．Corals Come into Being If you’ve read Lychees (荔枝) to Chang’an or watched the movie adapted from it, you must know how hard it was to get fresh lychees to Chang’an in ancient times. Many people love this sweet fruit. But have you noticed that keeping lychees fresh is still a challenge today? ________ because they have special skin. It has many tiny holes that let water run out easily. Also, different from other fruits, the lychee has an inside that is not connected to the skin. Once a lychee is picked, the skin can’t send water to the inside part to keep it fresh. Like us, fruits also breathe, and they use sugars to do so. A study from Huazhong Agricultural University found that lychees breathe faster than many other fruits. This uses up their sugars and nutrients (营养) quickly, making them go bad fast. The fast breathing creates bad smells and makes the fruit lose its flavor (风味). It also gives out things that turn the fruit brown and soft quickly. More importantly, once lychees are picked, they start giving off a special “gas” — it’s called ethylene. If the ethylene gets too strong, it’s like a loud “hurry up” signal for fruits which makes lots of fruits, including lychees, mangoes and bananas, age and dry out faster. On the other hand, some fruits like strawberries, blueberries, grapes, and cherries only make a tiny bit of this gas. Scientists in Guangdong Province have found a good way to keep lychees fresher. They quickly freeze lychees at -35°C before they get too old. This helps make the water in the lychees form smaller ice crystals (冰晶) than usual, which protect the fruit’s cells (细胞) instead of hurting them. This way, most of the flavor is kept. 1．What does the writer want to show in paragraph 1? A．Lychees were expensive in old times. B．The sweet fruit is more popular today than in the past. C．Keeping lychees fresh has always been difficult. D．The movie is based on a true story in history. 2．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Everyone loves Lychees B．Lychees lose water quickly C．Lychees are grown in many places D．Modern technology makes lychees fresher 3．What do we know about lychees’ breathing? A．It helps lychees produce sugar. B．It helps lychees grow faster. C．It makes lychees taste worse. D．It can stop lychees from turning soft. 4．Which fruit in the following pictures can be kept for a longer time? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph? A．To explain why lychees lose water quickly after being picked. B．To compare the difference in ethylene production. C．To show how delicious lychees are after being frozen. D．To introduce a new way that helps keep lychees fresher. One morning, I stopped at my favorite restaurant to get something to eat and got comfortable at a small table. Shortly after, I noticed four young people sitting at a table near me. After simply greeting each other and ordering, they all looked at their phones and continued to do so until their orders arrived. After photographing their food, they ate, continuing to look at their phones. I was wondering why they came here to eat together. It was phubbing (低头族), or phone snubbing (冷落行为), a very common problem these days. You may not know the word “phubbing” , but this kind of act is not strange to you. In fact, 32% of people report that they are phubbed two or three times a day. Do you have a conversation on your phone while talking to another person face to face? Do you scroll (上下滑动) through your phone while eating with someone for fear of missing out? If your answer is yes to either of them, you might be a “phubber”. A study shows that the influence of phubbing on relationships can be very harmful or destructive. For example, children felt that parents who phubbed them didn’t care about them. Also, partners who were phubbed might not be pleased with the relationship because of feeling left out. Phubbing is a learned act, so unlearning it is possible. Start by accepting the problem. Set a time limit (限制) for not using your phone. And create areas where phones cannot be used. Don’t let the modern technology keep you away from others. Next time when you’re with someone, do remember to connect with the person in front of you, not the screen in your hand. 1．The writer noticed the four young people in the restaurant mainly because ________. A．They were talking on the phone. B．They were taking pictures of their food. C．They were using their phones instead of talking. D．They were arguing with each other. 2．How does the writer introduce the word “phubber” in Paragraph 3? A．By raising questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving reasons. D．By doing research. 3．What does the underlined word “destructive” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．微乎其微的 B．积极正向的 C．有破坏性的 D．有帮助的 4．The writer’s writing purpose is to ________. A．To stop students from playing with the mobile phones B．To warn people against phubbing C．To show how phones bring people closer D．To show the advantages of modern technology 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Four Silent Friends B．Stop Using Your Phone C．Is Technology Helpful or Harmful? D．No More Phubbing Have you ever found yourself in a classroom, seen a classmate yawn (打哈欠), and suddenly felt like yawning too? This common phenomenon (现象) doesn’t lie only among humans—even babies and animals like dogs and cats experience it. So what causes this behavior? Firstly, yawning helps our bodies get more oxygen1. Our brains need lots of oxygen to work well. When we’re tired or sit still for a long time (like during a story time), we breathe slowly. Slow breathing means less oxygen goes into our blood. Our brains notice this and say, “We need more air!” Then—yawn! We open our mouths wide, take a big breath and pull in fresh oxygen. It also pushes out old air that our body doesn’t need. It’s like pressing a “start-again” button for your body. ★ That means if you see someone yawn, you might yawn too! Why? Scientists think this might be a way we connect with each other. Long ago, when people lived in groups, yawning could say, “Let’s rest together!” or “Wake up—we need to stay safe!” Today, it still makes us feel close to others. If your best friend yawns, your yawning back is like saying, “I’m with you!” However, unlike popular belief, yawning is not only caused by sleepiness. It can also take place during moments of boredom, such as waiting in line or surprisingly, when expecting exciting events like a birthday party or an important sports match. In these situations, a yawn may help prepare the body for upcoming changes in activity or stress levels. So the next time you yawn, don’t feel shy! Regard it as your body’s smart way to stay healthy. And if you see someone else yawn, go ahead and feel free to join in—it’s a harmless, shared biological experience.Note 1为化学元素氧，对应分子式为O2。 1．How does yawning help our bodies? A．It takes in less oxygen. B．It presses a new button. C．It improves air exchange. D．It forces the brain to work. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Secondly, yawning helps make friends. B．In fact, yawning has a historical cause. C．Also, yawning is highly catching. D．No doubt that copying is human nature. 3．According to paragraph 4, in what situation can you most probably yawn? A．Reading an interesting novel. B．Taking part in a birthday party. C．Taking an important exam. D．Waiting at the railway station. 4．What BIG question does the passage answer? A．Is yawning a healthy habit? B．Why do we yawn? C．How should we yawn? D．Can we yawn together? 5．How does the author develop the passage? A．Question→Reasons→Suggestion B．Problem→Causes→Solution C．Doubt→Opinions→Fact D．Phenomenon→Guesses→Nature Name a famous elephant. Babar, perhaps? Or Dumbo? These names are easy for us to remember. However, they sound nothing like the names elephants give to each other. If you’re an elephant, your name is something more like a low rumbling (隆隆的) sound. Scientists have found that African savannah elephants (草原象) appear to have names for one another. ★ The receivers also react to these calls. This means elephants may be the first non-human animals to call each other by names. The new study was carried out by a group of researchers from Colorado State University. In the study, the team recorded 625 elephant calls in Kenya. Some of these were contact rumbles. This usually happens when the elephants can’t see each other. Others were greeting rumbles. They take place when the elephants see each other again after some time apart. The researchers carefully studied these using a machine learning model. The model predicted which elephant the call was directed towards. The results suggested that certain calls were made to separate (区分) receivers. Scientists then played back some of these calls to 17 wild elephants. It turned out that they moved more quickly toward the sound of their own “name”. What’s more, different elephants often used the same sort of rumbles to communicate with the same receiver. And the calls were not just for broad social roles such as “mother”. Of all the rumbles recorded, only about a fifth were separate names. This is quite similar to how humans use names as well. Oftentimes, names aren’t necessary in a situation. “Rather than a whole stand-alone call, elephant calls may include several other messages,” the researchers explain. “We’re not skilled enough to figure out what they’re saying.” However, the findings suggest AI really can help us better understand animal communication. Maybe one day, researchers can even use this knowledge to call elephants by their actual names. 1．The first paragraph is mainly written to ______. A．attract the readers’ interest in the passage B．give a scientific report about elephants C．present the writer’s opinion D．stress the importance of elephants 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．The names are different from those of human beings. B．Scientists are trying their best to study the names. C．They keep in touch by calling out each other’s “names.” D．Names play an important part in their daily life. 3．The underlined word “these” refers to ______. A．625 elephant calls B．contact rumbles C．greeting rumbles D．elephants’ names 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Elephants are the first animals to call each other by names. B．Contact rumbles happen when the elephants see each other again. C．Scientists are able to fully understand animal communication. D．The machine learning model plays an important part in the research. 5．What can be the best title for the passage? A．How do elephants contact each other B．Why do elephants make their voice C．Do elephants name one another D．Do elephants like to be called In our modern age, we do not think much about how our technology works. We are so used to tapping on our phone screen to get a map of our position. But how do our phones know where in the world we are and in which direction we are going? It is all thanks to the satellites (卫星) in space that help our phones calculate our position. Depending on where you are around the world, your phone may be receiving data (数据) from different systems. In Europe, people have the Galileo system. In Russia, they have GLONASS. In the USA, people use GPS. China, meanwhile, has the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). The BDS today is better than the first version (版本) of the system, which was sent into space in 2000. The present version has better technology and more satellites. The system is not finished, though. When it is completed, there will be lots of BDS satellites. In the future, those satellites will allow us to discover the position of objects with millimeter accuracy (精确度): that is ten times more exact than GPS. Even though more satellites are being added to the system, the BDS has already been put into use. More than 40,000 Chinese fishing boats are using the system now. These boats are very helpful in search at sea. They are able to communicate with support services on land as well as give the exact position of ships in trouble. _________. Of course, it’s not hard to imagine how the system will help the police and firefighters do their jobs. Farming is another area that benefits from the system. Farmers are able to put the data to good use when working with smart farming tools. For example, the BDS can be used to control driverless trucks. Farmers are also using drones (无人机) to check the health of crops and spread seeds over fields. Although the BDS is of Chinese origin (起源), the developers have said that “China’s Beidou is the world’s Beidou”, and they are actively developing international teamwork. Developers suppose that the system will not only grow in popularity within China, but overseas as well. And when the system is complete, the BDS will undoubtedly bring lots of advantages to China and the rest of the world. 1．What does the underlined word “calculate” probably mean according to the dictionary? calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ verb ①to solve the meaning of something ②to form an opinion about something ③to specially design a product or an event ④to work out the results according to the data A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 2．How does the writer show the changes in the BDS in Paragraph 2? A．By showing steps. B．By telling stories. C．By listing numbers. D．By comparing versions. 3．Which sentence could be put into the blank in Paragraph 4? A．The BDS is being used on land as well. B．The BDS can take the place of many jobs in our lives. C．The BDS is the progress of technology. D．The BDS shows its importance in the field of farming. 4．Which is suitable for the blank in the fourth frame (框)? Introduction of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) → Improvement of the BDS → Practical use of the BDS → ________ A．Disadvantages of the BDS B．The origin of the BDS C．The future of the BDS D．Advantages of the BDS 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Next up, the BDS B．Get away, the BDS C．Look back, the BDS D．Slow down, the BDS Some children cannot wait to grow up. Because once you become an adult, you are free to make your own decisions. You can do all those things that you cannot do now because you are too young. So, at what age do you really become an adult? Well, people become adults at different ages in different places. In Australia, the 18th birthday is a very important event for young Australians because it means they can do almost anything they want. They can vote (选举), learn to drive a car, get married and even buy their own houses. However, even if they can do all these things, most Australians have to wait until their 21st birthday to really celebrate becoming an adult. This is the traditional adult age not only in Australia, but also in the USA and the UK. It is their first year of true independence. Traditionally, people were given a key to their houses by their parents when they turned 21. They could come and go as they liked. Even though 21 is the traditional adult age in many English-speaking countries, the law nowadays is different in each country. In the UK, you can join the army at 16 and even get married at 16 if your parents agree. In China, there is a different age for each of the stages of becoming an adult. You can vote and learn to drive a car when you are 18, but if you want to get married, women have to wait until they are 20 and men until they are 22. No matter what age you are, becoming an adult is really about learning how to be independent and responsible (有责任心的). Once you are finally able to take care of yourself and make your own decisions, then you can say that you are truly a grown-up. 1．Which of the followings are truly adults according to the passage? A．Independent grown-ups B．Married people C．People who can drive D．People in the army 2．At what age do Australians really become adults? A．17 B．18 C．20 D．21 3．What is the writer’s opinion about the age when people become adults? A．It depends on whether they can vote. B．It depends on their own independence and responsibility. C．It depends on if they are eighteen years old. D．It depends on when they get the key to their houses. 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 5．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Independent Grown-ups B．Cannot Wait to Grow Up C．What Makes One a Real Adult D．Kids and Adults in Different Countries Have you ever imagined stepping into a time machine to visit the past or future? Just picture walking among dinosaurs, meeting your great-great-grandchildren, or seeing future cities. While time travel remains a popular subject in stories, scientists have spent years studying whether it could ever become reality. Modern science suggests that time is not as fixed as it seems. According to key theories, time and space are deeply connected. When objects move at extremely high speeds—close to the speed of light—time slows down for them. For example, astronauts on the Space Station actually age slightly (稍微) slower than people on Earth! To travel far into the future, you would need to move at this incredible (难以置信的) speed. While centuries pass on Earth, you might experience only a few years. But going back in time is much harder. Scientists think one way could be using wormholes (虫洞)—imaginary tunnels (隧道) that connect different places and times in space. Imagine folding a piece of paper to make a shortcut! Similarly, a wormhole could connect distant moments in time. But scientists have never observed (观测) a real wormhole. ________. Moving through time would need huge amounts of power (能量)—far beyond today’s technology. Even if we solve all the problems, strange things might happen. For example, would you accidentally prevent your own birth by changing the past? Such puzzles make time travel an exciting but dangerous idea. For now, humans explore time indirectly. Telescopes (望远镜) act as “time machines” by catching light from stars millions of years old. GPS satellites must change their clocks slightly because time ticks slower in orbit (轨道)—a tiny but real effect of relativity (相对论)! While we can’t build a time machine yet, these discoveries show us that the universe is full of wonders. Who knows? With technology, time travel might one day shift from science fiction to science fact. Until then, it remains a fascinating topic that mixes imagination, physics, and endless curiosity. 1．According to the passage, astronauts on the Space Station age slower than people on Earth because ________. A．they experience lower gravity B．they move at speeds close to light C．they use advanced time machines D．they avoid Earth’s time effects 2．Why does the author mention “dinosaurs” in the first paragraph? A．To explain how time travel could help scientific research. B．To give an example of what people might see if they could visit the past. C．To show that dinosaurs are the most interesting part of history. D．To prove that time travel has already been achieved by scientists. 3．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Scientists have already built time machines. B．Another problem is finding wormholes. C．Another challenge is energy. D．Time travel is completely impossible now. 4．What does the underlined phrase “make a shortcut” suggest? A．To cut down travel distance quickly. B．To avoid difficult scientific work. C．To connect distant times directly. D．To create new space tunnels. 5．Which would be the best theme picture of the passage? A． B． C． D． 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (武汉专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 较易 科普知识,说明文,词句猜测,主旨大意,推理判断,细节理解 2 适中 说明文,科学技术 3 适中 说明文,人与动植物 4 适中 科普知识,身心健康,说明文 5 适中 科普知识,说明文 6 适中 科普知识,说明文,电影与戏剧 7 适中 说明文,语言与文化,主旨大意,推理判断,细节理解 8 适中 科普知识,说明文,常见动物,环境保护 9 适中 科普知识,说明文 10 适中 说明文,意见/建议 11 适中 科普知识,说明文 12 适中 说明文,科学技术,常见动物 13 较难 科普知识,说明文,科学技术 14 适中 说明文,青少年问题 15 较难 天体与宇宙,科普知识,说明文 【中考真题】 Do you know the five main senses we have? They are touch, taste, sight, smell and hearing. They are controlled by different parts of our brains. So we call the brain our built-in “BeiDou”. Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose. It’s easy, right? That’s because our brains can receive messages about where our body parts are. We can also stand on one leg without falling down. If we lose our balance, our brains will give us orders to fix it. ★ . Tests show that people see spider pictures faster than flowers. Some researchers also found that people react (作出反应) to loud noises faster than to a friend’s voice. Scientists aren’t completely sure about the reasons. Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives. Until today, we still jump at sudden noises or shadows (影子) in dark rooms. Here is more about brains. Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It’s called sense mixing. Scientists think this happens when different senses intermingle (相互交织). Another fact is that temperature sometimes influences our senses. Some people can feel storms coming through knee pain. So we often joke that we’re “human weather apps”. Also, our brains are able to make adjustment (调整) to some senses. If someone can’t see well, his hearing or touch might become stronger. Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there’s still a lot to do. Have you ever wondered why some people are better at sports? What’s the secret to improving memory? Then it’s time for you to start your discovering journey. 1．What do the two examples in the first paragraph show? A．Brains help our bodies work well. B．Human brains are different. C．Humans can touch their noses easily. D．People have many living habits. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．It’s fun to study our ancestors’ life B．It’s easy to learn about senses C．Animals help people in many ways D．Brains are also life-saving heroes 3．Which animal in the following pictures is probably a “predator”? A． B． C． D． 4．According to paragraph 3, what might happen if your senses mix? A．You can tie your shoes without looking. B．You taste sweetness when seeing an apple. C．You jump when someone shouts suddenly. D．You feel pain in your knees before the rain comes. 5．What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph? A．To improve people’s memory. B．To encourage brain studies. C．To show the value of our brains. D．To admire scientists’ efforts. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类大脑的多种功能及其对感官的调控作用。 1．细节理解题。根据“Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose. It’s easy, right? That’s because our brains can receive messages about where our body parts are. We can also stand on one leg without falling down. If we lose our balance, our brains will give us orders to fix it.”可知，第一段中的两个例子表明大脑帮助我们的身体正常工作。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Tests show that people see spider pictures faster than flowers. Some researchers also found that people react to loud noises faster than to a friend’s voice. Scientists aren’t completely sure about the reasons. Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives.”可知，此段主要讲大脑在面对危险时能快速做出反应，保护我们的生命，所以选项D“大脑也是救命英雄”可以放在★处，作为此段的主题句。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives.”可知，祖先常常面临捕食者，所以他们必须保护自己免受蜘蛛和老虎等危险动物的伤害，否则就会丧命。由此可推测出，捕食者指的是危险动物，会捕食其他动物。选项A老虎符合题意。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It’s called sense mixing.”可知，感官混合是指当你听到音乐时能看到颜色，或者当你看到阳光时能尝到糖果的味道。因此，如果你的感官混合了，你可能会在看到苹果时尝到甜味。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there’s still a lot to do. Have you ever wondered why some people are better at sports? What’s the secret to improving memory? Then it’s time for you to start your discovering journey.”可知，最后一段的写作目的是鼓励读者继续探索大脑的奥秘，进行大脑研究。故选B。 You may have a house robot that can do housework for you. But is it so smart? Meet Laura, a robot in the National Library in Madrid, Spain, copying out the old books and writings in its collection. See Aurora, a headless dog-sized robot used to keep birds and other animals away at an Alaskan airport. Watch another 1.8 meter-tall legless robot called EveR6, waving its arms to guide musicians through a performance. Those robots above require artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). AI is a computer system (系统) that can understand languages, make decisions and solve problems. AI can be taught skills using a process called machine learning. Humans give AI information such as books, photos or videos to train it. The more information it studies, the better it can do its job. ________. For example, when you watch TV, AI is watching you. It’ll know what your favorite is and suggest similar ones. In hospitals, AI is very good at suggesting treatments and can even invent new medicines. To cut down food waste, some schools introduce online systems for the students to choose meals ahead of time. In cities, AI is used to watch out for cars that make black smoke. It works together with the police and transportation teams to stop them and keep the air clean. AI can help us fight climate (气候) change by finding clever ways to reduce energy use. Some people worry that AI will take away a large number of jobs and also fear that AI could develop out of our control and bring danger to humans. However, AI is expected to be a more powerful production tool that will help humans achieve more in less time. It is believed that the flying car will be made to offer an easier way out of the morning traffic jam (交通堵塞). Humans imagine AI might even find a way to solve the problems of our energy needs completely. Anyway, there is still a long journey for humans and AI. 1．In which pictures can we see Aurora and EveR6? A．a, c B．b, d C．b, c D．a, d 2．What BIG question does paragraph 2 answer? A．What is AI? B．Why are AI robots made? C．Where is AI used? D．How many AI robots are mentioned? 3．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．AI will be developed rapidly B．Humans depend too much on AI C．Humans wonder if AI could think D．AI has become part of daily life 4．In the future, AI is expected to be able to ________. A．suggest TV programs B．cut down food waste C．invent new medicines D．help produce enough energy 5．What would the author write about after the last paragraph? A．The end of AI. B．The history of AI. C．The way to get along with AI. D．The skill of making AI robots. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍人工智能的优缺点。 1．细节理解题。根据“See Aurora, a headless dog-sized robot used to keep birds and other animals away at an Alaskan airport. Watch another 1.8 meter-tall legless robot called EveR6, waving its arms to guide musicians through a performance.”可知，Aurora是一个无头狗大小的机器人，在阿拉斯加机场用来驱赶鸟类和其他动物；EveR6挥舞着手臂引导音乐家完成表演。故选B。 2．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，主要介绍人工智能是什么以及学习方式。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据后面举例内容可知，主要介绍人工智能应用在什么领域，选项D“人工智能已经成为日常生活的一部分”符合语境，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Humans imagine AI might even find a way to solve the problems of our energy needs completely.”可知，人类想象人工智能甚至可以找到一种完全解决我们能源需求问题的方法。所以未来人工智能有望帮助生产足够的能源。故选D。 5．推理判断题。最后一段讲述人工智能的问题和未来可能的发展，所以接下来可能会谈论与人工智能相处的方式，故选C。 Bert won a national prize called Young Heroes for his “green” project. This public-spirited young person was now a university student. His love for insects grew deeper and he was protecting them for the future. _________. When he was around 4 or 5, he always loved to watch different insects, especially beautiful swallowtails(凤蝶). One interesting fact he learned about swallowtails was that their bright colors warned hungry animals that they tasted bad. And it was also fun to watch how they came into being. But the reason he really fell in love with them was that they were very accessible. For example, if you wanted to attract (吸引) swallowtails, you planted some zinnias, a kind of bright flowers. Bert started a zinnia garden at his house, where he raised a large number of swallowtails over the years. With the world’s swallowtail population falling, Bert wanted people to realize that if insects like swallowtails disappeared, so would all the others above them on the food chain. To make the fact clear and easy to understand for other students, he also created a zinnia garden at his junior high school. Part of the joy for Bert was watching the younger students get excited when running after swallowtails. “Whenever a swallowtail lands on them, the young students will soon fall in love with these cute insects. They develop a new appreciation for them,” he said. Bert put his efforts into the environmental educational project and made it take flight. 1．After Bert was honored with Young Heroes, _________. A．he often gave speeches in public B．he set up his “green” project C．he became interested in swallowtails D．he went on protecting insects 2．Which of the following can be put in _________? A．Bert saved many swallowtails B．Bert had a dull childhood C．Bert found his love early in life D．Bert made a hard decision 3．The underlined word “accessible” in paragraph 2 means “_________”. A．dangerous to feed B．easy to get close to C．hard to raise D．safe to reach 4．The main reason for Bert to create a zinnia garden at school was _________. A．to watch students have fun B．to make his school more beautiful C．to stop swallowtails from disappearing D．to help kids learn about swallowtails 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．A Bright Flower B．A Flying Project C．A Green Garden D．A Warning Action 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了因为“绿色”项目而获得“青年英雄”奖项的男孩Bert热爱昆虫并保护它们的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Bert won a national prize called Young Heroes for his ‘green’ project…His love for insects grew deeper and he was protecting them for the future”可知，获奖之后继续保护昆虫，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“When he was around 4 or 5, he always loved to watch different insects”可知，此处应介绍他从什么时候开始喜欢观察昆虫，C选项符合，故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“But the reason he really fell in love with them was that they were very accessible”及“For example, if you wanted to attract (吸引) swallowtails, you planted some zinnias, a kind of bright flowers”可知，如果你想吸引凤蝶，你就种一些百日菊，也就是凤蝶很容易接近，所以划线单词与easy to get close to同义，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“To make the fact clear and easy to understand for other students, he also created a zinnia garden at his junior high school”可知，是为了帮助孩子了解凤蝶，故选D。 5．最佳标题题。根据“Bert put his efforts into the environmental educational project and made it take flight.”及全文介绍可知，本文主要讲述了Bert热爱昆虫并保护它们的故事，所以B选项“A Flying Project”符合本文标题，故选B。 【热点话题练习】 Being creative can keep people young Creative activities can slow brain aging, a new study shows. An international team of researchers studied 1,400 participants from 13 countries—covering groups like part-time watercolor painters in Japan, part-time folk musicians in Brazil, beginner video gamers in the U.S., and even community theater actors in Germany. These volunteers cover a range from total newcomers (like a 62-year-old man who’d just started learning calligraphy) to experienced experts (such as a 78-year-old jazz pianist with 50 years of performance experience). To measure brain health, researchers scanned (扫描) their brains using MRI technology and had them take a series of cognitive (认知的) tests, including memory quizzes (recalling a list of 10 words after 30 minutes) and problem-solving tasks. ________ People who spent at least 2 hours a week on creative activities had “brain ages” that were an average of 4.3 years younger than those who seldom joined in such activities. This effect was even stronger for tango dancers in Argentina: their brain scans showed an average 7-year gap between their biological age and their brain’s functional age (脑功能年龄), with one 71-year-old dancer scoring as well as a 64-year-old on memory tests.      Even small participation brought benefits. For example, a 58-year-old teacher in Canada who only painted watercolor paintings on weekends (about 3 hours a month) still had a brain age 1.8 years younger than people of her age who stuck to non-active hobbies like watching TV. The scientists behind the study noted that creative activities combine multiple (多种的) brain functions and social connections, which may explain their protective effect. They suggested that doing creative things is a low-cost, practical way to support brain health: for instance, a 2022 survey in the UK found that 68% of seniors who joined weekly craft classes reported better memory after 6 months. “Our societies need to think about healthy aging through both medical and non-medical ways, such as creativity, art, and play,” said Agustin Ibanez, one of the study’s authors. “A 70-year-old who takes up pottery isn’t just making mugs—they’re giving their brain a workout that keeps it active for years.” 1．What do the participants in paragraph 1 have in common? A．All participants were experts in creative activities. B．Participants had different levels of creative experience. C．Only elderly people joined the international study. D．Creative activities were limited to painting and music. 2．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Some loved the tests a lot. B．However, they are not enough. C．The results were shocking. D．Times are different now. 3．Which activity in the following picture is a creative one? A． B． C． D． 4．According to the scientists, why do creative activities protect brain health? A．They only need people to focus on one brain function. B．They link multiple brain functions and social interaction. C．They are expensive but effective ways for brain training. D．They can make people’s memories perfect in a short time. 5．What is the writing purpose of Agustin Ibanez’s words in the last paragraph? A．To explain why pottery is a popular hobby. B．To show that creative activities are just for the arts. C．To point out that creative activities can keep the brain active. D．To compare medical and non-medical ways of aging. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项新研究显示创造性活动可以减缓大脑衰老。国际研究团队对来自13个国家的1400名参与者进行研究，这些参与者创造性活动经验水平不同，研究通过MRI扫描和认知测试测量大脑健康，发现参与创造性活动对大脑健康有积极影响，科学家指出创造性活动结合多种大脑功能和社会联系，是支持大脑健康的低成本实用方式，作者呼吁社会通过医疗和非医疗方式关注健康老龄化。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“These volunteers cover a range from total newcomers... to experienced experts...”可知，参与者的创造性活动经验水平不同，既有初学者也有专家。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据后文数据“brain ages... 43 years younger”和“7-year gap”可知，研究结果令人惊讶，因此填入“The results were shocking”最符合语境。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章对创造性活动的定义（如绘画、音乐、舞蹈、手工艺等），选项中只有B项“绘画”属于创造性活动，而看电视和其他重复性劳动等均不属于创造性活动。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“creative activities combine multiple brain functions and social connections, which may explain their protective effect.”可知，创造性活动综合了多种大脑功能和社会交往，从而保护大脑健康。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据最后一段Agustin Ibanez的话“A 70-year-old who takes up pottery isn’t just making mugs—they’re giving their brain a workout that keeps it active for years.”可知，他举例说明创造性活动能让大脑保持活跃。故选C。 In Kunming, Yunnan Province, there’s a special place called the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species (野生物种种质资源库). It’s like a treasure box filled with over 94,000 plant seeds(种子) from about 11,000 wild species. This bank is the largest of its kind in Asia and is of great importance to plants because it protects endangered species. The seeds are stored in a four-story building in Kunming’s northern areas. In the big room, 30 meters underground, the seeds are kept in special glass bottles at the temperature of −20°C to keep them safe for the future. Cai Jie, who works for the bank, tells a story about some ancient lotus seeds found in 1952. They were found in a dried—up pool in Liaoning Province. Scientists found out that these lotus fruits were 1,288 years old! Even more incredible, the seeds inside the fruits were able to grow into beautiful flowers after the hard outer part was taken away. “Seeds are like natural treasure boxes. They hold the secret information on plants and can start growing again when the time is right. We take great care in saving these seeds because we respect nature and believe in the power of life.” says Cai. Started in 2007 and run by the Kunming Institute of Botany, the Gemplasm Bank of Wild Species is an important place for studying and protecting plants. It serves as a safe house for wild plants, helping them survive (生存) for future generations. 1．Why is the bank very important to plants? A．Because it’s filled with colorful seeds. B．Because it holds the secret information on plants. C．Because it protects endangered species D．Because it tells stories about ancient plants. 2．How does the bank keep the seeds safe? A．By controlling their natural growth. B．By providing each of them with a safe house. C．By studying their living conditions. D．By storing them in bottles at a low temperature. 3．What does the underlined word “incredible” robably mean? A．Amazing. B．Terrible. C．Beautiful. D．Dangerous. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Collecting wild seeds is really hard work. B．It's important for us to protect seeds for the future. C．There are many ancient lotus fruits in Liaoning Province. D．Most wild plants in Asia are in danger of dying out. 5．Which would be the best theme (主题) picture of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了云南昆明的野生物种种质资源库，包括其功能、种子保存方式，以及古莲子发芽的案例，体现了该资源库对植物保护的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“this bank…is of great importance to plants because it protects endangered species”可知，该资源库对植物重要是因为它保护濒危物种。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“the seeds are kept in special glass bottles at the temperature of −20℃ to keep them safe for the future”可知，资源库通过低温瓶装的方式保存种子。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“1,288-year-old…seeds inside fruits were able to grow into beautiful flowers”可知，千年古莲子能发芽是“令人惊叹的”，“incredible”对应“Amazing”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“we take great care in saving these seeds because we respect nature...it serves as a safe house for wild plants, helping them survive for future generations”可推断，保护种子对未来很重要。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国西南野生生物种质资源库在保护濒危植物种子方面的重要作用；结合文章第二段中的“the seeds are kept in special glass bottles at the temperature of −20°C to keep them safe for the future.”及最后一段中的“an important place for studying and protecting plants.”，同时比对备选图片可知，D项“种子在玻璃瓶中得以保存和管理”是符合文章主题的图片。故选D。 Do you always see circles, squares and triangles in our daily life? Have you thought about their meanings in films? Much like colors, different shapes show different features of characters in the scenes. Circles represent things that are soft and natural. We connect circles with beautiful eyes, babies’ round faces.... All these things make us feel happy and warm. This is why so many main cartoon characters are round in shape. Squares show things that are boring or old-fashioned. For example, in the cartoon film Up, Carl has a square face and wears square glasses, while Russell, an 8-year-old boy with a round face, always wears round medals. These shapes show the characters’ personalities. Carl is stubborn and lonely, while Russell is lovely and full of energy. ★ .Every kid draws a monster with a row of triangles as teeth. That’s because the shape represents fear, distrust. And triangles are stable (稳固的) and don’t easily fall down. In films, this feature makes bad people difficult to deal with, like Shengongbao in Ne Zha. Not only in cartoons, but also in films, different shapes are used for the same purpose. So, try to find the hidden shapes and you will know what the characters are like. 1．Which writing skill is used in paragraph 1? A．Giving examples. B．Raising questions. C．Listing numbers. D．Comparing facts. 2．Which of the following cartoon character will probably make people feel warm? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “stubborn” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Make a complete change. B．Avoid making decisions. C．Follow new fashion. D．Refuse to accept different things. 4．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Unlike round shapes, some shapes have completely different meanings. B．Triangles with sharp corners stand for scary and dangerous things in films. C．All the three shapes we talk about have special meanings in different films. D．People feel warm and excited when they see things in triangles. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．Why different shapes represent different things. B．What makes kids fascinated by heroes in films. C．What different shapes represent in different films. D．How cartoons make different colors and shapes. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了日常生活中常见的圆形、方形、三角形在电影里所代表的不同含义，圆形象征柔软和自然的事物”；方形体现无聊或守旧的特质，可展现人物性格；三角形代表恐惧、不信任、怀疑等，常用来塑造难对付的反派角色，帮助观众理解电影中人物特点 。 1．推理判断题。根据“Do you always see circles, squares and triangles in our daily life? Have you thought about their meanings in films?”可知，文章第一段作者通过提问题的方式引出主题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Circles represent things that are soft and natural... All these things make us feel happy and warm. This is why so many main cartoon characters are round in shape.”可知，圆形会让人感到温暖，观察选项得知，D图角色形象是圆形，符合圆形代表温暖的设定。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Carl has a square face and wears square glasses... Carl is stubborn and lonely, while Russell is lovely and full of energy.”可知，stubborn与lovely and full of energy形成对比，结合方形代表乏味、守旧等特质，可推测stubborn应意为“拒绝接受不同的事物”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“Every kid draws a monster with a row of triangles as teeth. …In films, this feature makes bad people difficult to deal with, like Shengongbao in Ne Zha.”可知，第四段主要讲三角形在电影中的含义，提到孩子画怪物用三角形牙齿，坏人形象用三角形，B选项“在电影中，尖角三角形代表着可怕和危险的事物。”符合语境。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读原文可知，文章整体介绍了圆形、方形、三角形在不同电影（尤其是卡通电影 ）中所代表的不同事物和人物特质，C选项“不同形状在不同电影中代表什么”符合主旨。故选C。 Do you remember the useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake.” or “It serves you right.” in English learning? They carry more meanings than the words themselves. In Chinese culture, we also have lots of similar useful expressions like “drinking ink (墨水)” and “An inch (寸) of time is worth an inch of gold.” “Drinking ink” is a common expression to show that a person is educated. Is there anyone who really drinks ink? ★ . During the Northern Qi Dynasty, those who performed very badly in the exam would be punished by drinking ink. Even if they were found to have poor handwriting or made up something terrible, they would be taken into a special room to drink ink. The rule was accepted then. Nowadays, this expression is widely used to describe people’s ways of receiving education or their level of education. For example, “drinking foreign ink” means one has studied overseas. “Drinking little ink” means a low level of education. “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold.” means that an inch of time has the same value as an inch of gold. It is also the first half of a saying, “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of time cannot be bought with an inch of gold.” In ancient times, time was measured (测量) by inches because people used the sundial as a time-keeping tool. It is made of a flat and round plate on which time degrees are shown. As the sun moves from rising to setting, the length of the gnomon’s shadow (影子) changes from long to short and short to long. This is how the sundial tells time. Language is closely connected with culture. Language learning can help us better understand the cultures behind the countries and communicate better with people from different countries. 1．The author mentions English expressions like “It’s a piece of cake” to ________. A．show some common ideas B．explain some English sayings C．lead to the main topic D．make some useful sentences 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ . A．The answer is surely no B．It could be true in history C．It depends on who he is D．We are looking for the answer 3．What’s the best way to reply to “You should drink more ink! “ A．But I should buy some ink first! B．I’ll value the time with you! C．I’ll work hard to read more books! D．But I don’t like the taste of it! 4．Which of the following pictures can show a sundial? A． B． C． D． 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The differences in two languages. B．The history of language development. C．The value of Chinese traditional culture. D．The relationship between language and culture. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过汉语中“喝墨水”和“一寸光阴一寸金”这两个表达的例子，阐述了语言与文化之间的紧密联系。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“In Chinese culture, we also have lots of similar useful expressions like ‘drinking ink’ and ‘An inch of time is worth an inch of gold.’”可知，作者先提英语习语是为了引出本文关于汉语类似表达的话题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第2段“During the Northern Qi Dynasty, those who performed very badly in the exam would be punished by drinking ink.”可知，在历史上确实有人会喝墨水，因此对于“是否真的有人喝墨水”这个问题，答案取决于具体的时代和情况。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Nowadays, this expression is widely used to describe people’s ways of receiving education or their level of education.”以及“'Drinking little ink means a low level of education.”可知，“You should drink more ink!”现在的意思是应该接受更多教育或多读书。因此最佳回应是表示会努力读更多书。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“As the sun moves from rising, to setting, the length of the gnomon’s shadow changes from long to short and short to long. This is how the sundial tells time.”可知，日晷是通过观测晷针影子的长度变化来计时，其影子在一天中会发生变化。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Language is closely connected with culture. Language learning can help us better understand the cultures...”以及全文通过具体例子说明语言表达背后的文化含义可知，文章主要讨论语言与文化的关系。故选D。 Deep under the Pacific Ocean lie coral reefs colored by some algae that live with corals. Corals usually provide nitrogen (氮) to algae, and in return they get carbon (碳), which gives them energy.    In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white. And it was believed that about 50 percent of reefs with beautiful corals might disappear by 2030. Heat waves warmed up the same Pacific waters in the late 1990s and again in 2015-2016, but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn’t influence the reefs as badly as the first. Maybe corals have found a way to adapt (适应).     Swimming to cooler waters is not a good choice for corals, for it makes them easily hurt by the changing climate. But corals are able to adapt. Some turn to those algae that can deal well with heat. Others can use rows of tiny hairs on their bodies to “fan” away too much harmful oxygen (O2) let out by stressed-out algae. Certain baby corals change their own metabolisms (新陈代谢) in order to fight the warming waters. But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree.     After studying and understanding these adaptations, scientists are trying to find ways to help corals fight. If researchers can make corals accept algae that can deal with heat pressure or if they energize genes (基因) that can deal with heat pressure, it will raise the corals’ chance of living through future ocean heat waves.     “When I go down to the sea and see a beautiful healthy reef with these colorful corals, I feel this pleasure of being in this underwater world,” a famous biologist says. “It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight.” 1．Which picture shows the relationship among corals, algae and coral reefs? A． B． C． D． 2．What does the underlined part “the first” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The heat wave in the early 1980s. B．The heat wave in the late 1990s. C．The Pacific waters in 2015-2016. D．The reefs’ disappearance by 2030. 3．What difficulty do corals face? A．They are not able to swim to cooler waters. B．They cannot change their own metabolisms. C．They cannot completely adapt to heat waves. D．They are unable to drive away harmful oxygen. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．It’s necessary to live with corals. B．The ocean has become unhealthy. C．We should try our best to save corals. D．Making a study of the ocean is a must. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Corals Die Out B．Corals Fight Back C．Corals Break Down D．Corals Come into Being 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了热浪对珊瑚的影响，接着重点描述珊瑚为了适应环境进化出的多种生存方式，最后提到科学家也在研究帮助珊瑚的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Corals usually provide nitrogen (氮) to algae, and in return they get carbon (碳), which gives them energy.”可知，珊瑚给藻类提供氮，藻类则回馈给珊瑚碳来供能，选项B符合题意。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn’t influence the reefs as badly as the first.”及前文“In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white.”可知，画线处“the first”在文中指代的是20世纪80年代初的那次热浪。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Certain baby corals change their own metabolisms (新陈代谢) in order to fight the warming waters. But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree.”可知，虽然珊瑚可以尝试换耐热藻类、扇除多余氧或改变新陈代谢，但文中提到这些方法“只能在一定程度上保护自己”，说明它们无法彻底适应热浪。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight.”可知，生物学家因看到珊瑚可能死亡而坚定了保护的决心，可以推断“我们应尽力拯救珊瑚”。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主体在讲珊瑚如何通过各种方式（换藻、扇氧、调整代谢）来对抗升温海水，最能体现主题的是“珊瑚在抗争”。故选B。 If you’ve read Lychees (荔枝) to Chang’an or watched the movie adapted from it, you must know how hard it was to get fresh lychees to Chang’an in ancient times. Many people love this sweet fruit. But have you noticed that keeping lychees fresh is still a challenge today? ________ because they have special skin. It has many tiny holes that let water run out easily. Also, different from other fruits, the lychee has an inside that is not connected to the skin. Once a lychee is picked, the skin can’t send water to the inside part to keep it fresh. Like us, fruits also breathe, and they use sugars to do so. A study from Huazhong Agricultural University found that lychees breathe faster than many other fruits. This uses up their sugars and nutrients (营养) quickly, making them go bad fast. The fast breathing creates bad smells and makes the fruit lose its flavor (风味). It also gives out things that turn the fruit brown and soft quickly. More importantly, once lychees are picked, they start giving off a special “gas” — it’s called ethylene. If the ethylene gets too strong, it’s like a loud “hurry up” signal for fruits which makes lots of fruits, including lychees, mangoes and bananas, age and dry out faster. On the other hand, some fruits like strawberries, blueberries, grapes, and cherries only make a tiny bit of this gas. Scientists in Guangdong Province have found a good way to keep lychees fresher. They quickly freeze lychees at -35°C before they get too old. This helps make the water in the lychees form smaller ice crystals (冰晶) than usual, which protect the fruit’s cells (细胞) instead of hurting them. This way, most of the flavor is kept. 1．What does the writer want to show in paragraph 1? A．Lychees were expensive in old times. B．The sweet fruit is more popular today than in the past. C．Keeping lychees fresh has always been difficult. D．The movie is based on a true story in history. 2．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Everyone loves Lychees B．Lychees lose water quickly C．Lychees are grown in many places D．Modern technology makes lychees fresher 3．What do we know about lychees’ breathing? A．It helps lychees produce sugar. B．It helps lychees grow faster. C．It makes lychees taste worse. D．It can stop lychees from turning soft. 4．Which fruit in the following pictures can be kept for a longer time? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph? A．To explain why lychees lose water quickly after being picked. B．To compare the difference in ethylene production. C．To show how delicious lychees are after being frozen. D．To introduce a new way that helps keep lychees fresher. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了荔枝保鲜困难的原因，包括其特殊结构、呼吸作用、乙烯释放等，并最后提出了现代科技延长其保鲜期的方法。 1．主旨大意题。根据“how hard it was to get fresh lychees to Chang’an in ancient times”和“keeping lychees fresh is still a challenge today”可知，本段意在说明荔枝保鲜始终是个难题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“It has many tiny holes that let water run out easily…the skin can’t send water to the inside part to keep it fresh.”可知，此处应说明荔枝易失水，所以保鲜难。选项B“荔枝失水很快”符合语境。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The fast breathing creates bad smells and makes the fruit lose its flavor.”可知，呼吸作用会使荔枝风味变差。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“If the ethylene gets too strong, it’s like a loud “hurry up” signal for fruits which makes lots of fruits, including lychees, mangoes and bananas, age and dry out faster.”可知，乙烯释放较多的水果，如荔枝、芒果、香蕉容易更快变老变干；根据“On the other hand, some fruits like strawberries, blueberries, grapes, and cherries only make a tiny bit of this gas.”可知，草莓、蓝莓、葡萄、樱桃释放乙烯很少，可存放较长时间。选项A为樱桃，可存放较长时间。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据“They quickly freeze lychees at -35°C before they get too old.”可知，最后一段主要介绍广东科学家用-35℃快速冷冻的方法保护荔枝细胞、保持风味，属于新型保鲜技术的介绍。故选D。 One morning, I stopped at my favorite restaurant to get something to eat and got comfortable at a small table. Shortly after, I noticed four young people sitting at a table near me. After simply greeting each other and ordering, they all looked at their phones and continued to do so until their orders arrived. After photographing their food, they ate, continuing to look at their phones. I was wondering why they came here to eat together. It was phubbing (低头族), or phone snubbing (冷落行为), a very common problem these days. You may not know the word “phubbing” , but this kind of act is not strange to you. In fact, 32% of people report that they are phubbed two or three times a day. Do you have a conversation on your phone while talking to another person face to face? Do you scroll (上下滑动) through your phone while eating with someone for fear of missing out? If your answer is yes to either of them, you might be a “phubber”. A study shows that the influence of phubbing on relationships can be very harmful or destructive. For example, children felt that parents who phubbed them didn’t care about them. Also, partners who were phubbed might not be pleased with the relationship because of feeling left out. Phubbing is a learned act, so unlearning it is possible. Start by accepting the problem. Set a time limit (限制) for not using your phone. And create areas where phones cannot be used. Don’t let the modern technology keep you away from others. Next time when you’re with someone, do remember to connect with the person in front of you, not the screen in your hand. 1．The writer noticed the four young people in the restaurant mainly because ________. A．They were talking on the phone. B．They were taking pictures of their food. C．They were using their phones instead of talking. D．They were arguing with each other. 2．How does the writer introduce the word “phubber” in Paragraph 3? A．By raising questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving reasons. D．By doing research. 3．What does the underlined word “destructive” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．微乎其微的 B．积极正向的 C．有破坏性的 D．有帮助的 4．The writer’s writing purpose is to ________. A．To stop students from playing with the mobile phones B．To warn people against phubbing C．To show how phones bring people closer D．To show the advantages of modern technology 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Four Silent Friends B．Stop Using Your Phone C．Is Technology Helpful or Harmful? D．No More Phubbing 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了“phubbing低头族”现象及其危害，并给出了改善建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“they all looked at their phones and continued to do so until their orders arrived... they ate, continuing to look at their phones”可知，作者注意到这四个年轻人是因为他们一直看手机而不交流。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Have you…? Do you…? Do you…?”的连续提问，可知作者是通过提出问题来介绍“phubbing”这个词的。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“harmful or destructive”的并列关系，以及后文“children felt that parents who phubbed them didn’t care about them”等危害描述，可知“destructive”是“有破坏性的”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章介绍了phubbing的危害，并给出改善方法，目的是提醒人们警惕低头族现象。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。文章核心是“phubbing”现象，No More Phubbing“告别低头族”最契合主题。故选D。 Have you ever found yourself in a classroom, seen a classmate yawn (打哈欠), and suddenly felt like yawning too? This common phenomenon (现象) doesn’t lie only among humans—even babies and animals like dogs and cats experience it. So what causes this behavior? Firstly, yawning helps our bodies get more oxygen1. Our brains need lots of oxygen to work well. When we’re tired or sit still for a long time (like during a story time), we breathe slowly. Slow breathing means less oxygen goes into our blood. Our brains notice this and say, “We need more air!” Then—yawn! We open our mouths wide, take a big breath and pull in fresh oxygen. It also pushes out old air that our body doesn’t need. It’s like pressing a “start-again” button for your body. ★ That means if you see someone yawn, you might yawn too! Why? Scientists think this might be a way we connect with each other. Long ago, when people lived in groups, yawning could say, “Let’s rest together!” or “Wake up—we need to stay safe!” Today, it still makes us feel close to others. If your best friend yawns, your yawning back is like saying, “I’m with you!” However, unlike popular belief, yawning is not only caused by sleepiness. It can also take place during moments of boredom, such as waiting in line or surprisingly, when expecting exciting events like a birthday party or an important sports match. In these situations, a yawn may help prepare the body for upcoming changes in activity or stress levels. So the next time you yawn, don’t feel shy! Regard it as your body’s smart way to stay healthy. And if you see someone else yawn, go ahead and feel free to join in—it’s a harmless, shared biological experience.Note 1为化学元素氧，对应分子式为O2。 1．How does yawning help our bodies? A．It takes in less oxygen. B．It presses a new button. C．It improves air exchange. D．It forces the brain to work. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Secondly, yawning helps make friends. B．In fact, yawning has a historical cause. C．Also, yawning is highly catching. D．No doubt that copying is human nature. 3．According to paragraph 4, in what situation can you most probably yawn? A．Reading an interesting novel. B．Taking part in a birthday party. C．Taking an important exam. D．Waiting at the railway station. 4．What BIG question does the passage answer? A．Is yawning a healthy habit? B．Why do we yawn? C．How should we yawn? D．Can we yawn together? 5．How does the author develop the passage? A．Question→Reasons→Suggestion B．Problem→Causes→Solution C．Doubt→Opinions→Fact D．Phenomenon→Guesses→Nature 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了打哈欠这一常见现象的原因、作用及相关特点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“yawning helps our bodies get more oxygen...We open our mouths wide, take a big breath and pull in fresh oxygen. It also pushes out old air that our body doesn’t need.”可知，打哈欠既吸入新鲜氧气，又排出废气，也就是促进了空气交换。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据后文“That means if you see someone yawn, you might yawn too! Why? Scientists think this might be a way we connect with each other…‘I’m with you!’”可推知，本段核心主题是“打哈欠具有传染性”。选项C“此外，打哈欠也极容易传染。”与本段主题契合。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“yawning is not only caused by sleepiness. It can also take place during moments of boredom, such as waiting in line”可知，在火车站等待属于无聊的时刻，很可能会打哈欠。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段结尾“So what causes this behavior?”及全文围绕打哈欠的原因展开介绍可知，文章回答的核心问题是“我们为什么会打哈欠”。故选B。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章开头提出“打哈欠是什么原因导致的”这一问题，接着分析打哈欠的多个原因，最后给出“打哈欠不用害羞”的建议。所以文章的展开方式是“问题→原因→建议”。故选A。 Name a famous elephant. Babar, perhaps? Or Dumbo? These names are easy for us to remember. However, they sound nothing like the names elephants give to each other. If you’re an elephant, your name is something more like a low rumbling (隆隆的) sound. Scientists have found that African savannah elephants (草原象) appear to have names for one another. ★ The receivers also react to these calls. This means elephants may be the first non-human animals to call each other by names. The new study was carried out by a group of researchers from Colorado State University. In the study, the team recorded 625 elephant calls in Kenya. Some of these were contact rumbles. This usually happens when the elephants can’t see each other. Others were greeting rumbles. They take place when the elephants see each other again after some time apart. The researchers carefully studied these using a machine learning model. The model predicted which elephant the call was directed towards. The results suggested that certain calls were made to separate (区分) receivers. Scientists then played back some of these calls to 17 wild elephants. It turned out that they moved more quickly toward the sound of their own “name”. What’s more, different elephants often used the same sort of rumbles to communicate with the same receiver. And the calls were not just for broad social roles such as “mother”. Of all the rumbles recorded, only about a fifth were separate names. This is quite similar to how humans use names as well. Oftentimes, names aren’t necessary in a situation. “Rather than a whole stand-alone call, elephant calls may include several other messages,” the researchers explain. “We’re not skilled enough to figure out what they’re saying.” However, the findings suggest AI really can help us better understand animal communication. Maybe one day, researchers can even use this knowledge to call elephants by their actual names. 1．The first paragraph is mainly written to ______. A．attract the readers’ interest in the passage B．give a scientific report about elephants C．present the writer’s opinion D．stress the importance of elephants 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．The names are different from those of human beings. B．Scientists are trying their best to study the names. C．They keep in touch by calling out each other’s “names.” D．Names play an important part in their daily life. 3．The underlined word “these” refers to ______. A．625 elephant calls B．contact rumbles C．greeting rumbles D．elephants’ names 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Elephants are the first animals to call each other by names. B．Contact rumbles happen when the elephants see each other again. C．Scientists are able to fully understand animal communication. D．The machine learning model plays an important part in the research. 5．What can be the best title for the passage? A．How do elephants contact each other B．Why do elephants make their voice C．Do elephants name one another D．Do elephants like to be called 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家发现非洲草原象似乎会互相给对方取名字，通过研究大象的叫声，利用机器学习模型分析，发现某些叫声是用于区分接收者的，且大象会对自己的“名字”叫声有反应，还提到这一发现表明人工智能可以帮助我们更好地理解动物交流。 1．主旨大意题。根据“Scientists have found that African savannah elephants (草原象) appear to have names for one another.”以及后文围绕大象互相叫“名字”展开的描述可知，第一段通过列举我们能记住的大象名字，引出大象互相给对方取名字这一话题，主要是为了吸引读者对文章的兴趣。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“The receivers also react to these calls. This means elephants may be the first non - human animals to call each other by names.”可知，接收者会对这些叫声做出反应，意味着大象可能是第一个用名字互相称呼的非人类动物，所以空格处应是与大象用“名字”交流相关的内容，C选项“它们通过叫对方的‘名字’来保持联系”符合语境。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Scientists then played back some of these calls to 17 wild elephants.”以及前文“In the study, the team recorded 625 elephant calls in Kenya.”可知，科学家播放的是之前记录的大象的叫声，所以“these”指代的是“625 elephant calls”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“The researchers carefully studied these using a machine learning model. The model predicted which elephant the call was directed towards. The results suggested that certain calls were made to separate (区分) receivers.”可知，研究人员使用机器学习模型仔细研究这些叫声，模型预测叫声是针对哪头大象的，结果表明某些叫声是为了区分接收者，所以机器学习模型在研究中起着重要作用。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。文章主要围绕科学家发现非洲草原象似乎会互相给对方取名字展开，介绍了研究过程和发现等，所以最佳标题是“Do elephants name one another”（大象会互相给对方取名字吗）。故选C。 In our modern age, we do not think much about how our technology works. We are so used to tapping on our phone screen to get a map of our position. But how do our phones know where in the world we are and in which direction we are going? It is all thanks to the satellites (卫星) in space that help our phones calculate our position. Depending on where you are around the world, your phone may be receiving data (数据) from different systems. In Europe, people have the Galileo system. In Russia, they have GLONASS. In the USA, people use GPS. China, meanwhile, has the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). The BDS today is better than the first version (版本) of the system, which was sent into space in 2000. The present version has better technology and more satellites. The system is not finished, though. When it is completed, there will be lots of BDS satellites. In the future, those satellites will allow us to discover the position of objects with millimeter accuracy (精确度): that is ten times more exact than GPS. Even though more satellites are being added to the system, the BDS has already been put into use. More than 40,000 Chinese fishing boats are using the system now. These boats are very helpful in search at sea. They are able to communicate with support services on land as well as give the exact position of ships in trouble. _________. Of course, it’s not hard to imagine how the system will help the police and firefighters do their jobs. Farming is another area that benefits from the system. Farmers are able to put the data to good use when working with smart farming tools. For example, the BDS can be used to control driverless trucks. Farmers are also using drones (无人机) to check the health of crops and spread seeds over fields. Although the BDS is of Chinese origin (起源), the developers have said that “China’s Beidou is the world’s Beidou”, and they are actively developing international teamwork. Developers suppose that the system will not only grow in popularity within China, but overseas as well. And when the system is complete, the BDS will undoubtedly bring lots of advantages to China and the rest of the world. 1．What does the underlined word “calculate” probably mean according to the dictionary? calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ verb ①to solve the meaning of something ②to form an opinion about something ③to specially design a product or an event ④to work out the results according to the data A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 2．How does the writer show the changes in the BDS in Paragraph 2? A．By showing steps. B．By telling stories. C．By listing numbers. D．By comparing versions. 3．Which sentence could be put into the blank in Paragraph 4? A．The BDS is being used on land as well. B．The BDS can take the place of many jobs in our lives. C．The BDS is the progress of technology. D．The BDS shows its importance in the field of farming. 4．Which is suitable for the blank in the fourth frame (框)? Introduction of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) → Improvement of the BDS → Practical use of the BDS → ________ A．Disadvantages of the BDS B．The origin of the BDS C．The future of the BDS D．Advantages of the BDS 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Next up, the BDS B．Get away, the BDS C．Look back, the BDS D．Slow down, the BDS 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文以手机定位为切入点，介绍北斗导航系统的升级、应用场景及未来发展，体现其对中国和世界的意义。 1．词句猜测题。根据“your phone may be receiving data (数据) from different systems”和“satellites (卫星) in space that help our phones calculate our position”可知，卫星借助数据帮手机确定位置，“calculate”是“根据数据计算结果”的意思，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“The BDS today is better than the first version (版本) of the system, which was sent into space in 2000. The present version has better technology and more satellites.”可知，作者通过对比北斗系统的不同版本来展示其变化，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第3段介绍北斗在海上的应用，第4段空白后介绍其在陆地的应用可知，空白处需衔接海上与陆地应用，选项A符合语境，故选A。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章最后一段讲述北斗的国际合作和未来发展可知，空白处应填北斗系统的未来，故选C。 5．最佳标题题。根据全文围绕北斗的升级、应用和未来发展展开，强调其未来潜力可知，选项A符合文章主旨，故选A。 Some children cannot wait to grow up. Because once you become an adult, you are free to make your own decisions. You can do all those things that you cannot do now because you are too young. So, at what age do you really become an adult? Well, people become adults at different ages in different places. In Australia, the 18th birthday is a very important event for young Australians because it means they can do almost anything they want. They can vote (选举), learn to drive a car, get married and even buy their own houses. However, even if they can do all these things, most Australians have to wait until their 21st birthday to really celebrate becoming an adult. This is the traditional adult age not only in Australia, but also in the USA and the UK. It is their first year of true independence. Traditionally, people were given a key to their houses by their parents when they turned 21. They could come and go as they liked. Even though 21 is the traditional adult age in many English-speaking countries, the law nowadays is different in each country. In the UK, you can join the army at 16 and even get married at 16 if your parents agree. In China, there is a different age for each of the stages of becoming an adult. You can vote and learn to drive a car when you are 18, but if you want to get married, women have to wait until they are 20 and men until they are 22. No matter what age you are, becoming an adult is really about learning how to be independent and responsible (有责任心的). Once you are finally able to take care of yourself and make your own decisions, then you can say that you are truly a grown-up. 1．Which of the followings are truly adults according to the passage? A．Independent grown-ups B．Married people C．People who can drive D．People in the army 2．At what age do Australians really become adults? A．17 B．18 C．20 D．21 3．What is the writer’s opinion about the age when people become adults? A．It depends on whether they can vote. B．It depends on their own independence and responsibility. C．It depends on if they are eighteen years old. D．It depends on when they get the key to their houses. 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 5．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Independent Grown-ups B．Cannot Wait to Grow Up C．What Makes One a Real Adult D．Kids and Adults in Different Countries 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕“人在什么年龄才算真正成年”展开，介绍了澳大利亚、英国、中国等不同国家对成年年龄的不同规定，最终点明真正成年的核心是学会独立和承担责任。 1．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Once you are finally able to take care of yourself and make your own decisions, then you can say that you are truly a grown-up.”可知，真正的成年人是能够自立的成年人。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“most Australians have to wait until their 21st birthday to really celebrate becoming an adult. This is the traditional adult age not only in Australia”可知，澳大利亚人真正成年的年龄是21岁。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“No matter what age you are, becoming an adult is really about learning how to be independent and responsible.”可知，作者认为成年与否取决于个人的独立性和责任感。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段提出“不同地方的人成年年龄不同”这一核心话题；第二至四段分别介绍澳大利亚、英国、中国的成年年龄相关规定，是分述部分；第五段总结真正成年的本质是独立和负责，属于总结段。因此结构为“总—分—总”，对应选项C。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。文章开篇提出“什么年龄算真正成年”的问题，随后介绍不同国家的相关规定，最后点明真正成年的核心，全程围绕“真正的成年是什么”展开，选项C最贴合主旨。故选C。 Have you ever imagined stepping into a time machine to visit the past or future? Just picture walking among dinosaurs, meeting your great-great-grandchildren, or seeing future cities. While time travel remains a popular subject in stories, scientists have spent years studying whether it could ever become reality. Modern science suggests that time is not as fixed as it seems. According to key theories, time and space are deeply connected. When objects move at extremely high speeds—close to the speed of light—time slows down for them. For example, astronauts on the Space Station actually age slightly (稍微) slower than people on Earth! To travel far into the future, you would need to move at this incredible (难以置信的) speed. While centuries pass on Earth, you might experience only a few years. But going back in time is much harder. Scientists think one way could be using wormholes (虫洞)—imaginary tunnels (隧道) that connect different places and times in space. Imagine folding a piece of paper to make a shortcut! Similarly, a wormhole could connect distant moments in time. But scientists have never observed (观测) a real wormhole. ________. Moving through time would need huge amounts of power (能量)—far beyond today’s technology. Even if we solve all the problems, strange things might happen. For example, would you accidentally prevent your own birth by changing the past? Such puzzles make time travel an exciting but dangerous idea. For now, humans explore time indirectly. Telescopes (望远镜) act as “time machines” by catching light from stars millions of years old. GPS satellites must change their clocks slightly because time ticks slower in orbit (轨道)—a tiny but real effect of relativity (相对论)! While we can’t build a time machine yet, these discoveries show us that the universe is full of wonders. Who knows? With technology, time travel might one day shift from science fiction to science fact. Until then, it remains a fascinating topic that mixes imagination, physics, and endless curiosity. 1．According to the passage, astronauts on the Space Station age slower than people on Earth because ________. A．they experience lower gravity B．they move at speeds close to light C．they use advanced time machines D．they avoid Earth’s time effects 2．Why does the author mention “dinosaurs” in the first paragraph? A．To explain how time travel could help scientific research. B．To give an example of what people might see if they could visit the past. C．To show that dinosaurs are the most interesting part of history. D．To prove that time travel has already been achieved by scientists. 3．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Scientists have already built time machines. B．Another problem is finding wormholes. C．Another challenge is energy. D．Time travel is completely impossible now. 4．What does the underlined phrase “make a shortcut” suggest? A．To cut down travel distance quickly. B．To avoid difficult scientific work. C．To connect distant times directly. D．To create new space tunnels. 5．Which would be the best theme picture of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了时间旅行在科学上的可能性与现实挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据“When objects move at extremely high speeds—close to the speed of light—time slows down for them. For example, astronauts on the Space Station actually age slightly slower than people on Earth!”可知，宇航员在太空中以接近光速的速度运动，因此时间对他们来说变慢了。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“Just picture walking among dinosaurs, meeting your great-great-grandchildren, or seeing future cities.”可知，作者通过列举恐龙、后代和未来城市等例子，是为了说明如果时间旅行成为现实，人们可能会看到的情景。恐龙在此处是作为“访问过去”的一个典型例子。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Moving through time would need huge amounts of power—far beyond today’s technology.”可知，时间旅行需要巨大的能量，这是当前技术无法实现的挑战。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据“Imagine folding a piece of paper to make a shortcut! Similarly, a wormhole could connect distant moments in time.”可知，“make a shortcut”比喻虫洞可以连接不同时间和空间，实现“直接穿越”。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讨论时间旅行的科学理论与挑战。故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $