Unit 1 Nature in the balance（话题阅读精练）英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 1 Nature in the balance 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元主题是“人与自然”之“环境与环境保护” 主题词汇积累 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.soil n.土壤;国土,领土,土地 2.ecosystem n.生态系统 3.continent n.大陆,陆地,洲 4.biodiversity n.生物多样性 5.wildlife n.野生动植物,野生生物 6.hardwood n.阔叶树;硬材(阔叶树的木材) 7.mammal n.哺乳动物　 8.microorganism n.微生物 9.nutrient n.营养素,营养物 10.carbon n.碳 11.oxygen n.氧,氧气 12.greenhouse n.温室,暖房 13.drought n.旱灾,久旱 14.belt n.地带,地区;腰带;传送带 15.resident n.居民,住户 16.smog n.雾霾,烟雾 时文拓展阅读 　　A new study suggests that the climate change diet might not be good for polar bears. With Arctic(北极的) sea ice reducing, many polar bears have to go to land for their diets during parts of the summer. 　　A study looking at Hudson Bay polar bears tried to figure out if the creatures can keep their healthy weight levels on such a diet. Researchers found that the majority of the creatures are losing weight no matter what they do to try to increase it. 　　Some bears find a lot of food—berries, eggs, sea birds and so on. But to get such foods takes a lot of effort. The bears use so many calories trying to eat that they end up losing weight and burning more energy than they take in. Other bears go into a time of semi-hibernation(半冬眠). But they also lose weight. So either way—eating different foods or sleeping a lot—does not work. 　　Researchers found that 19 of the 20 bears studied dropped an average of 21 kilograms over three weeks. The research observed their calorie intake, energy use and breathing in the wild. The bears lost about 7 percent of their body mass on average in just 21 days. 　　Polar bears try to keep up their weight in the summer after a spring when they eat a lot and gain weight. In the area of Hudson Bay where researchers studied, lack of sea ice has meant polar bears are on land three weeks longer than in the 1980s. 　　Last September, when Arctic sea ice hit its yearly low, there was about 2.6 million square kilometers less sea ice than at the same time in 1979. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service lists the polar bear as a threatened species due to the loss of its sea ice habitat. 　　Overall, the research shows that it is unlikely that polar bears can adapt to living on land. 【译文欣赏】 最新研究表明，气候变化导致的饮食结构可能不利于北极熊生存。随着北极 北极的 海冰面积缩减，许多北极熊不得不在夏季部分时段转为陆地觅食。 一项针对哈德逊湾北极熊的研究试图探究这些生物在如此饮食条件下能否维持健康体重水平。研究发现，无论采取何种措施增加体重，大多数北极熊仍持续出现体重下降现象。 有些熊能获取大量食物——浆果、鸟蛋、海鸟等。但获取这些食物需要耗费大量体力。熊在进食过程中消耗的热量过多，最终导致体重下降，能量消耗超过摄入量。另一些熊则进入半冬眠状态（半冬眠），同样会减重。因此，无论是改变饮食还是增加睡眠，都难以解决问题。 研究人员发现，在研究的20只熊中，有19只在三周内平均减重21公斤。该研究观察了它们在野外的热量摄入、能量消耗及呼吸情况。这些熊在短短21天内平均体重减轻约7%。 北极熊在春季大量进食并增重后，夏季会努力维持体重。研究人员研究的哈德逊湾地区，由于海冰减少，北极熊在陆地上的停留时间较1980年代延长了三周。 Last September ，当北极海冰达到年度最低值时，海冰面积比1979年同期减少了约260万平方公里。美国鱼类及野生动物管理局将北极熊列为受威胁物种，原因是其海冰栖息地的丧失。 总体而言，研究表明北极熊不太可能适应陆地生活。 【高频词汇】　 1.figure out弄清楚,弄明白　2.majority n.大多数　3.effort n.努力　4.energy n.能量;精力 5.take in吸收;欺骗;改小　6.breathing n.呼吸　7.on average平均　8.lack n.缺乏,不足　9.adapt to适应 【熟词生义】　 hit 熟义:v.击打　生义:v.达到(某水平) 【差距词汇】　 1.intake n.摄取量;吸入　2.overall adv.总的说来,大体上 高考真题链接 (2023全国甲,D) 　　Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. 　　“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans. 　　The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. 　　Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. 　　Obviously, if precautions(预防) aren't taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 1.How do Americans look at grizzlies? A.They cause mixed feelings in people. B.They should be kept in national parks. C.They are of high scientific value. D.They are a symbol of American culture. 2.What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A.They European settlers' behavior. B.The expansion of bears' range. C.The protection by law since 1975. D.The support of Native Americans. 3.What has stopped the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies? A.The opposition of conservation groups.　　B.The successful comeback of grizzlies. C.The voice of the biologists.　　D.The local farmers' advocates. 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Food should be provided for grizzlies.　　 B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C.A special path should be built for grizzlies.　　 D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 语篇解读　本文是说明文,主要介绍了美国濒危动物灰熊的特征、生存区域、濒危原因和现状,以及与人们的相处等。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams”可知,美国人对灰熊有着矛盾的心态,他们敬畏灰熊,即使灰熊给他们带来可怕的梦。由此可知,灰熊引起美国人复杂的情感。故选A。 2.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“By the early 1970s...600 to 800 grizzlies remained”和“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.”和第四段第一、二句“Today, there are about 2,000...Their recovery has been so successful...to be hunted.”可知,1975年,灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》,而现在其数量恢复很成功,所以这部法律的颁布有助于灰熊数量的增长。故选C。 3.A　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息“stopped the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies”可定位到第四段。根据“Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.”可知,由于保护组织的诉讼,将灰熊从法律保护名单上除名的努力都被推翻了。故选A。 4.B　推理判断题。最后一段讲到了灰熊给人类带来的危害和人们对灰熊的防范,其中提到人类生活的区域如果没有引诱灰熊的东西存在,灰熊一般会径直路过,而不带来麻烦,由此可推断,人类与灰熊能够和谐共处。故选B。 1.conflict v.& n.冲突,抵触→conflicted adj.因心理冲突而不知所措的  2.fright n.恐怖,惊吓→frighten v.使惊吓;使惊恐→frightening adj.可怕的;令人恐惧的  3.recover v.恢复;复原→recovery n.复苏;回升;改善  4.loose adj.松动的;零散的→loosen v.放宽,松开  5.conserve v.保护;保存;节约→conservation n.保护;保存  6.effect n.作用,影响→effective adj.有效的;实际的  7.alongside prep.在……旁边 8.overturn v.推翻 9.lawsuit n.诉讼 熟词生义 10.rough adj.大致的 11.quarter n.住处 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 文章介绍了向海洋投铁培育浮游生物、基因改造甲烷降解细菌等基于微生物的地球工程手段 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 文章主要介绍微森林作为应对气候变化的有力帮手，具有生长快、碳储存能力强、创造微气候、降低洪水风险、过滤空气污染物、增加生物多样性等优点，但也有局限性 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 说明了堆肥是再利用有机垃圾的方式，传统堆肥弊端颇多，智能堆肥机省空间、除异味、易操作，还能减少垃圾和温室气体，产出天然肥料，受用户认可且助力绿色环保 Passage4 阅读理解 记叙文 记述了自己在南非沃特堡生物圈保护区的一次观兽旅行经历 Passage5 七选五 说明文 主要介绍日常居家的几种环保小行动，助力保护地球，包括节约用水、少用化学品等，简单易操作且能切实改善环境。 Passage6 七选五 说明文 主要介绍应对亚马逊所面临的挑战需国际合作、技术应用、结合传统智慧及合理开展生态旅游等方法，强调可持续保护与发展。 Passage7 语法填空 说明文 文章主要介绍了水资源污染的现状与危害，呼吁人们保护水资源。 Passage8 语法填空 说明文 介绍了北极变暖让北极熊的食物越来越少，它们被迫去垃圾场找吃的，结果既伤害了自己，也给当地人类带来了新的冲突和麻烦。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京海淀·期末）In 1993, a ship sailed into the Pacific Ocean carrying nearly 1,000 pounds of iron, then poured it all into the waves. The next morning, the water turned a little greenish due to newly emerged phytoplankton (浮游生物). The microorganisms, which need iron to grow, draw CO₂ out of the air. Fertilizing the ocean with iron is a form of geoengineering, a set of technologies fascinating for their potential to meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and controversial for the same reason. As the planet heats, geoengineering is employed to help control it in novel ways, whether researchers mist the skies with sea salt to increase how much sunlight clouds reflect or invent machines to suck greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. Engineering home-grown plankton sounds like a less dramatic method. But the field is so new that scientists don’t yet know whether geoengineering with microorganisms would really be a gentler form of climate intervention (干预). Microorganisms, after all, play enormously subsequent roles in the world around us and within us. For the best chance of keeping Earth liveable, scientists need to understand exactly how the microscopic creatures might be useful, and perhaps even preferable to the more sci-fi approaches to cooling off the world. One favored method centers on methane, a greenhouse gas accounting for 30% of the rise in global temperature. Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microorganisms pull even more gas from the air. The bacteria would live inside facilities known as bioreactors. They could be positioned near known methane sources — landfills and wetlands — to minimize the amount of methane that makes it into the air. Expanding any kind of climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone control. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas. Also, there’s nearly as much uncertainty about intended effects. Scientists don’t know for sure how effective these concepts will prove to be. The 1993 ship expeditions, for example, didn’t stick around very long; the journeys were expensive, and scientists couldn’t remain at sea to determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbon stolen out of the atmosphere should remain buried for at least a century for maximum impact. Yet it’s entirely possible that if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO₂ just returns to the atmosphere. The hotter the planet gets, the more attractive geoengineering will likely seem. Short of large-scale behavioral changes globally, we do seem to be committing ourselves to an engineered solution on our current routes. We might have to decide, sooner than we think, which levers we need to pull, large or small. 1．What can we learn about geoengineering? A．Ocean iron-fertilization is widely used. B．Sunlight-reflection method is cost-effective. C．Methane-eating bacteria are being improved. D．Gas-sucking machine is a theoretical concept. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about the geoengineering approaches? A．Their impact on the ecosystem is ignored. B．Their implications are hard to predict. C．They call for decades of preparation. D．They are monitored continuously. 3．The iron-fertilization experiment may achieve its intended effects if ________. A．the target microorganisms survive B．more deep-sea organisms are tested C．scientists could remain at sea longer D．the phytoplankton grows faster and better 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．How Will Geoengineering Benefit Earth’s Systems? B．How to Cool the World Without Blocking the Sun? C．How to Steal Carbon with Sci-fi Methods? D．How Can the Engineered Solution Deliver? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了向海洋投铁培育浮游生物、基因改造甲烷降解细菌等基于微生物的地球工程手段，这类手段是应对全球变暖的新型气候干预方式，虽看似温和且有潜力，但该领域尚处于起步阶段。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microorganisms pull even more gas from the air.(Mary Lidstrom教授正致力于对一种天然以甲烷为食的细菌进行基因改造，让这类微生物能从空气中吸收更多甲烷。)”可知，有教授正针对天然食甲烷的细菌开展基因改造工作，也就是这类食甲烷细菌正被改良优化。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Expanding any kind of climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone control. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas.(推广任何形式的气候工程，都并非易事。要想显著减缓甲烷引发的气候变暖，大约需要30万个生物反应器持续运作20年。此外，这类工程的后续影响难以预测，更无从谈起加以控制。例如，当年投入太平洋的铁料，就可能对全球其他海域造成影响。)”可知，推广各类气候工程难度极大，其后续影响难以预测，更无从控制，还以向太平洋投铁可能影响全球其他海域为例进行佐证，由此可推断地球工程手段的潜在影响与深层含义是难以预测的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The 1993 ship expeditions, for example, didn’t stick around very long; the journeys were expensive, and scientists couldn’t remain at sea to determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbon stolen out of the atmosphere should remain buried for at least a century for maximum impact. Yet it’s entirely possible that if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO₂ just returns to the atmosphere.(以1993年的那次海上实验为例，研究团队并未在海上长期驻留：远洋考察耗资巨大，科学家们无法一直停留在海上，去探明海洋深处究竟发生了哪些变化。要想让从大气中吸收的碳发挥最大作用，这些碳需要被封存至少一个世纪。但现实情况是，倘若浮游生物未能沉入足够深的海域，就很可能被海洋表层的生物捕食，而其吸收的二氧化碳，也会重新释放回大气中。)”可知，1993年的铁肥实验因浮游生物未沉入足够深的海域，被海洋表层生物捕食，其吸收的二氧化碳重回大气，所以实验便无法达到预期效果。由此可推知，若目标微生物能够存活下来，实验才有可能达到预期效果。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The hotter the planet gets, the more attractive geoengineering will likely seem. Short of large-scale behavioral changes globally, we do seem to be committing ourselves to an engineered solution on our current routes. We might have to decide, sooner than we think, which levers we need to pull, large or small.(地球温度越高，地球工程的吸引力就可能越大。除非全球范围内进行大规模的行为改变，否则我们似乎确实正沿着当前的道路走向一种人为的解决方案。我们可能需要比想象中更早地做出决定，明确我们需要拉动哪些杠杆，无论大小。)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕应对全球变暖的地球工程展开，介绍了投铁培育浮游生物、基因改造甲烷细菌等具体手段。选项B“How to Cool the World Without Blocking the Sun?(如何不遮蔽太阳而给地球降温？)”概括了全文内容。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·湖南长沙·期末）Microforests, small thick patches of native trees often no bigger than a tennis court, are emerging as powerful allies (盟友) in the fight against climate change. Pioneered by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki, this planting method uses native species planted extremely close together, allowing them to grow up to ten times faster than traditional forests. The core strength of microforests lies in their carbon storage ability. Their thick growth accelerates photosynthesis (光合作用) , enabling young microforests to absorb CO2 far more efficiently than scattered urban trees. A 2022 Dutch study found that a 250-square-meter microforest can store around 127. 5 kilograms of carbon annually, comparable to mature traditional woodlands. Beyond carbon capture, they create cool microclimates by lowering urban temperatures by up to 10℃, reduce flood risks via enhanced water absorption, and filter air pollutants, making cities healthier places to live. Biodiversity is another key benefit. Microforests typically include 30 or more native tree and bush species, forming mini-ecosystems that attract insects, birds, and small mammals — filling gaps in broken urban habitats. In Scotland, “wee forests” near schools let kids engage with nature, bridging the growing human-nature divide. However, microforests are not a silver bullet. Experts warn they cannot replace large-scale ancient forests, which support far more complex ecosystems Success depends on proper site selection, using local species, and community maintenance. Still, as a low-cost, community-driven solution, they let people take direct action against climate change — proving that even small green spaces can make a big difference. 1．What makes microforests grow much faster than traditional forests? A．Thick planting of native species B．Using chemical fertilizers C．Large planting areas D．Imported fast-growing trees 2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．The carbon storage process is questionably supported B．Microforests have multiple environmental benefits C．Microforests are less efficient than urban trees in carbon absorption D．A Dutch study has no reference value for microforest research 3．What can we infer about microforests from the passage? A．They can replace ancient forests completely B．They are too expensive for community projects C．They have no effect on urban temperature D．They help connect people with nature 4．What is the author’s attitude towards microforests? A．Doubtful B．Neutral C．Positive D．Critical 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍微森林作为应对气候变化的有力帮手，具有生长快、碳储存能力强、创造微气候、降低洪水风险、过滤空气污染物、增加生物多样性等优点，但也有局限性，不过作者对其持积极态度。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Pioneered by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki, this planting method uses native species planted extremely close together, allowing them to grow up to ten times faster than traditional forests. (这种种植方法由日本植物学家宫脇昭率先开创，它将本地物种种植得极为紧密，使得这些植物的生长速度比传统森林快达十倍。)”可知，本地物种的密集种植使微森林比传统森林生长得快得多。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The core strength of microforests lies in their carbon storage ability. (微森林的核心优势在于其碳储存能力。)”“Beyond carbon capture, they create cool microclimates by lowering urban temperatures by up to 10℃, reduce flood risks via enhanced water absorption, and filter air pollutants, making cities healthier places to live. (除了碳捕获，它们通过将城市温度降低多达10℃来创造凉爽的微气候，通过增强吸水性降低洪水风险，并过滤空气污染物，使城市成为更健康的居住场所。)”可知，该段主要讲述了微森林在碳储存、调节温度、降低洪水风险和过滤空气污染物等多方面对环境有益，即微森林有多种环境效益。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“In Scotland, “wee forests” near schools let kids engage with nature, bridging the growing human-nature divide. (在苏格兰，学校附近的“微森林”让孩子们接触自然，弥合了日益扩大的人与自然的鸿沟。)”可推断，微森林有助于将人和自然联系起来。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, as a low-cost, community-driven solution, they let people take direct action against climate change — proving that even small green spaces can make a big difference. (尽管如此，作为一种低成本、社区驱动的解决方案，它们让人们能够直接采取行动应对气候变化——证明即使是小的绿色空间也能产生重大影响。)”可知，作者认为微森林虽然有局限性，但在应对气候变化方面能发挥重要作用，所以作者对微森林持积极态度。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·四川南充·期末）Composting (堆肥) is a simple and reliable way to reuse common household organic materials. These include vegetable leftovers, coffee grounds, eggshells, and waste paper — all naturally broken down by bacteria and microorganisms over time. This process transforms the waste into nutrient-rich soil ideal for gardening or feeding houseplants. Yet traditional composting is often burdened by misunderstandings: many people think it is smelly, messy, or only practical for those with large backyards, Smart composters have addressed these pain points effectively, making at-home composting convenient and accessible even for urban apartment residents. Smart composters stand out with space-saving designs. They fit neatly on kitchen tabletops or small balconies without taking up extra room. Equipped with built-in carbon filtering systems (过滤系统), these devices completely get rid of bad smells that bother traditional compost piles — a problem that often forces traditional compost piles to be placed in open outdoor areas. Most importantly, they can process the daily organic waste of a family, from vegetable leftovers to cooked leftovers. Most models are fully self-operating, using sensors to control temperature and wetness accurately. Besides convenience, their environmental value is notable. Food leftovers and yard waste make up over 30% of household trash. When sent to landfills, these wastes break down and generate methane (甲烷), a powerful greenhouse gas fueling climate change. Smart composters reduce this waste volume significantly while producing natural, chemical-free fertilizer. Perfect for gardens, lawns, or houseplants, this fertilizer cuts down on the need for man-made chemicals. Some advanced models connect to mobile apps, letting users monitor breakdown progress in real time and get timely maintenance reminders. Though smart composters have higher initial costs than basic bins, their convenience and efficiency have won over many users. They handle a wider range of organic materials than traditional piles, including cooked grains and plant-based leftovers. For urban residents eager for a more sustainable lifestyle, smart composters offer a practical way to join the circular economy — turning everyday waste into “black gold” that feeds plants and promotes greener living. 1．How are the advantages of smart composters displayed in paragraph 1? A．By making comparison. B．By defining the concept. C．By giving typical examples. D．By introducing working principles. 2．Why are smart composters suitable for apartment residents? A．They generate methane for energy supply every day. B．They transform vegetable leftovers into cooked ones. C．They save space and remove bad smells effectively. D．They must be placed on kitchen tabletops to filter out smells. 3．What can be inferred about smart composters? A．They require constant monitoring to work well. B．They are unaffordable for low-budget households. C．They need more chemical substances to work. D．They contribute to more eco-friendly gardening. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards smart composters? A．Doubtful. B．Favourable. C．Neutral. D．Uninterested. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了堆肥是再利用有机垃圾的方式，传统堆肥弊端颇多，智能堆肥机省空间、除异味、易操作，还能减少垃圾和温室气体，产出天然肥料，受用户认可且助力绿色环保。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yet traditional composting is often burdened by misunderstandings: many people think it is smelly, messy, or only practical for those with large backyards, Smart composters have addressed these pain points effectively, making at-home composting convenient and accessible even for urban apartment residents.(然而传统堆肥方式总受固有偏见困扰：很多人认为堆肥会产生异味、脏乱不堪，且只适合有大庭院的人操作。而智能堆肥机则有效解决了这些痛点，让居家堆肥变得便捷易行，即便是城市里的公寓住户也能轻松实现)”可知，第1段通过进行比较展示智能堆肥机的优势。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“They fit neatly on kitchen tabletops or small balconies without taking up extra room. Equipped with built-in carbon filtering systems, these devices completely get rid of bad smells that bother traditional compost piles — a problem that often forces traditional compost piles to be placed in open outdoor areas.(它们可以整齐地放置在厨房桌面或小阳台之上，不会占用额外的空间。这些设备配备了内置的碳过滤系统，能够彻底消除困扰传统堆肥堆的异味——这一问题常常迫使传统堆肥堆不得不放置在露天的户外区域)”可知，智能堆肥设备适合公寓居民使用是因为它们能节省空间，并能有效去除异味。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Smart composters reduce this waste volume significantly while producing natural, chemical-free fertilizer. Perfect for gardens, lawns, or houseplants, this fertilizer cuts down on the need for man-made chemicals.(智能堆肥机能大幅减少此类废弃物的量，并生产出天然、无化学成分的肥料。这种肥料非常适合用于花园、草坪或室内植物，能够减少对人造化学物质的需求)”可知，智能堆肥机有助于实现更环保的园艺活动。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For urban residents eager for a more sustainable lifestyle, smart composters offer a practical way to join the circular economy — turning everyday waste into “black gold” that feeds plants and promotes greener living.(对于渴望更可持续生活方式的都市居民来说，智能堆肥器为他们提供了参与循环经济的实用方式——将日常废弃物转化为“黑金”，用于滋养植物，促进更环保的生活方式)”可知，作者对智能堆肥机持赞成态度。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26高三上·广东·月考）If there’s one sound which represents everything there is to fall in love with on safari (观兽旅行), it’s the roar of a lion at nightfall. I heard it one evening in the Qwabi Private Game Reserve, where the Waterberg mountains spread outward like an unfolding story. We’d just watched a remarkable standoff: lionesses baring teeth and muscle to a dominant male who’d wandered too close. The roars came first, then a sudden, striking charge. Paws (爪子) flew and their breath hung in the air over the grasslands, before the male eventually turned and dropped to the ground in defeat. It was pure theatre, to which we had front-row seats. The Waterberg is a place of quiet success. A UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 2001, this 654,000-hectare region in Limpopo Province is one of South Africa’s best-kept safari secrets. It’s a region where conservation feels like a lived value. Thanks to collaboration between private reserves, landowners and anti-illegal hunting units, the region has recorded some of the lowest rhino (犀牛) illegal hunting statistics in the country. Head guide Damien Fourie was extensive in his knowledge and boyishly excited about every sight and sound. After careful tracking, we came across a group of lions resting beneath a thorn tree, their bodies exposed only by the swinging of a tail. And when we spotted a two-week-old white rhino walking unsteadily beside its mother later on the drive, he was as thrilled as we were. Still, even if you see nothing but sky and silence, the Waterberg delivers. On our final morning, after a night of rain, I skipped the game drive in favor of a coffee on the deck. I watched the steam rise as the morning sun warmed the valley. The end of my time in the bush came with no distant lion roars, no whispering packs, no newborn rhino. Not every safari needs a drumroll ending. Sometimes, a slow, misty morning and a quiet deck tick all the boxes. 1．What did the author witness about the lions? A．Their playful race. B．Their staged show. C．Their fierce conflict. D．Their hunting attempt. 2．What do the underlined words “a lived value” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A theoretical principle. B．A widely spread belief. C．A practically applied norm. D．A traditionally held concept. 3．Which of the following best describes Damien? A．Calm and distant. B．Informed and passionate. C．Energetic and creative. D．Disciplined and ambitious. 4．What does the author think of the safari? A．It displayed racial harmony. B．It had an exciting ending. C．It revealed why she loved nature. D．It satisfied what she could hope for. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者记述了自己在南非沃特堡生物圈保护区的一次观兽旅行经历，描绘了目睹狮子冲突、追踪野生动物的激动，也描述了保护区在合作保护下的成功，并最终在宁静的晨雾中感受到旅行的圆满，传达了人与自然和谐共处的感悟。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“We’d just watched a  remarkable standoff: lionesses baring teeth and muscle to a dominant  male who’d wandered too close. The roars came first, then a sudden,  striking charge. Paws (爪子)  flew and their breath hung in the air over the grasslands, before the  male eventually turned and dropped to the ground in defeat.(我们刚刚目睹了一场惊心动魄的对峙场面：母狮们露出獠牙，摆出战斗姿势，以抵御一只过于靠近的雄狮。先是传来阵阵咆哮声，随后是一阵突然而迅猛的冲撞。它们的爪子挥舞着，呼吸的气息在草原上弥漫开来，最终那雄狮转过身，瘫倒在地，败下阵来)”可知，作者目睹的是狮子之间一场紧张激烈的冲突。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词所在句“It’s a region where conservation feels like a lived value. (这是一个环境保护感觉像是a lived value的地区)”以及后文“Thanks to collaboration between private reserves, landowners and anti-illegal hunting units, the region has recorded some of the lowest rhino (犀牛) illegal hunting statistics in the country. (由于私人保护区、土地所有者和反非法狩猎单位之间的合作，该地区记录了全国最低的犀牛非法猎杀统计数据之一)”可知，这里的环保不仅仅是口号或理论，而是通过多方合作，实实在在地取得了成效(犀牛盗猎率极低)，成为了在日常生活中被践行和应用的标准或准则。因此，“a lived value”应理解为在实践中被应用的价值或准则。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Head guide Damien Fourie was extensive in his knowledge and boyishly excited about every sight and sound. (首席向导Damien Fourie知识渊博，并且对每一次所见所闻都表现出孩子般的兴奋)”可推知，Damien的特点一是知识丰富(extensive in his knowledge)，二是充满热情(boyishly excited)。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是最后两句“Not every safari needs a drumroll ending. Sometimes, a slow, misty morning and a quiet deck tick all the boxes. (并非每一次观兽旅行都需要一个激动人心的结局。有时，一个缓慢的、雾蒙蒙的早晨和一个安静的甲板就能满足所有的期待)”可知，作者认为这次旅行最终的宁静清晨虽然没有惊心动魄的动物景象，但同样令人满足。这表明作者认为这次旅行满足了她所期望的一切。故选D项。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·新疆克拉玛依·期末）Protecting our planet starts with small daily actions. By making simple eco-friendly choices at home, like saving water and using fewer chemicals, everyone can make a real difference. These small steps add up to a healthier environment for all. 1 Save water at home. It takes a lot of energy to bring water to your home. First, water is cleaned at a treatment plant, then sent to your neighborhood. 2 To do this, you can use water-saving machines like dishwashers and washing machines. Also, remember not to leave the water running while brushing your teeth. Use fewer chemicals. 3 Therefore, you can use natural cleaners like white vinegar and baking soda in your kitchen and bathroom. Choose shampoos and soaps made from natural products. Your body will be healthier too. 4 Paint, motor oil, and other strong chemicals should not be poured in the yard. They can go into the groundwater. Check your local government’s website to find out how to throw away harmful waste safely. You may need to take them to a special waste site. Help fight local water pollution. Changing your personal habits is a good start. By saving water every day, you set a good example. But to do more, you can join others in your area. 5 If there’s one, join in. And if you can’t find a group, organize one yourself A．You can put forward your plan to others. B．You can join a river or beach clean-up event. C．Do not pour harmful liquids on the ground or grass. D．Start today and make caring for nature part of your routine. E．Try growing native plants that can help deal with the problem. F．Chemicals washed down the waste pipe can pollute the water supply. G．Saving water reduces the stress that this process put on rivers and lakes. 【答案】1．D 2．G 3．F 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍日常居家的几种环保小行动，助力保护地球，包括节约用水、少用化学品等，简单易操作且能切实改善环境。 1．根据前文“Protecting our planet starts with small daily actions. By making simple eco-friendly choices at home, like saving water and using fewer chemicals, everyone can make a real difference. These small steps add up to a healthier environment for all. (保护我们的星球从日常的小行动开始。通过在家中做出简单的环保选择，比如节约用水、少用化学品，每个人都能带来实实在在的改变。这些小举措累积起来，能为所有人营造一个更健康的环境。)”可知，前文点明居家环保小行动的重要性和意义，此空应发出倡议，引出后文具体的环保做法，D选项“Start today and make caring for nature part of your routine. (从今天开始，让关爱自然成为你日常生活的一部分。)”承接前文的环保理念，且能引出下文的具体行动建议，符合语境。故选D项。 2．根据前文“Save water at home. It takes a lot of energy to bring water to your home. First, water is cleaned at a treatment plant, then sent to your neighborhood. (在家节约用水。将水输送到你家需要耗费大量能源。首先，水在处理厂被净化，然后输送到你所在的社区。)”以及后文“To do this, you can use water-saving machines like dishwashers and washing machines. Also, remember not to leave the water running while brushing your teeth. (要做到这一点，你可以使用洗碗机、洗衣机等节水型家电。此外，刷牙时记得不要一直开着水龙头。)”中的To do this可知，此空应说明节约用水的意义，即后文具体节水做法要达成的目的，G选项“Saving water reduces the stress that this process put on rivers and lakes. (节约用水能减轻这一过程给河流和湖泊带来的压力。)”中的this process指代前文的水的净化和输送过程，且点明了节约用水的作用，是后文具体做法的目的，符合语境。故选G项。 3．根据前文“Use fewer chemicals. (少用化学品。)”以及后文“Therefore, you can use natural cleaners like white vinegar and baking soda in your kitchen and bathroom. Choose shampoos and soaps made from natural products. Your body will be healthier too. (因此，你可以在厨房和浴室使用白醋、小苏打等天然清洁剂。选择由天然原料制成的洗发水和香皂。你的身体也会更健康。)”中的Therefore可知，此空应说明少用化学品的原因，即化学品带来的危害，F选项“Chemicals washed down the waste pipe can pollute the water supply. (被冲进下水道的化学品会污染水源。)”阐述了化学品对水资源的污染危害，是后文使用天然替代品的原因，符合语境。故选F项。 4．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的主题句，概括本段核心内容，根据后文“Paint, motor oil, and other strong chemicals should not be poured in the yard. They can go into the groundwater. Check your local government’s website to find out how to throw away harmful waste safely. You may need to take them to a special waste site. (油漆、机油和其他强腐蚀性化学品不应倒在院子里。它们会渗入地下水。查看当地政府的网站，了解如何安全处理有害垃圾。你可能需要将它们送到专门的垃圾处理场。)”可知，本段核心是禁止将有害液体倒在地面，要安全处理有害化学品，C选项“Do not pour harmful liquids on the ground or grass. (不要将有害液体倒在地上或草地上。)”能精准概括本段主题，且引出后文的具体说明，符合语境。故选C项。 5．根据前文“Help fight local water pollution. Changing your personal habits is a good start. By saving water every day, you set a good example. But to do more, you can join others in your area. (助力对抗当地的水污染。改变个人习惯是一个良好的开端。通过每天节约用水，你树立了一个好榜样。但要想做得更多，你可以加入当地的其他人一起行动。)”以及后文“If there’s one, join in. And if you can’t find a group, organize one yourself. (如果有这样的活动，就参加。如果你找不到相关组织，那就自己组建一个。)”可知，此空应举例说明可以加入的当地治水相关的集体行动，B选项“You can join a river or beach clean-up event. (你可以参加河流或海滩的清理活动。)”是对抗水污染的具体集体行动，且与后文的参加活动、组建组织相衔接，符合语境。故选B项。 Passage 6 （25-26高三上·辽宁辽阳·期末）International cooperation plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges facing the Amazon. When countries work together, they can develop effective strategies to reduce deforestation (滥伐森林), protect biodiversity, and support sustainable development. 1 . Technological advancements offer new possibilities for conservation. Remote sensing, satellite imagery, and drones help monitor deforestation, track wildlife, and assess ecosystem health. These tools provide real-time data. 2 . Technology also improves communication among stakeholders. Digital platforms allow experts, governments, and indigenous (土著的)leaders to share information and coordinate solutions more effectively. 3 . Traditional wisdom provides insights into local ecosystems that modern tools cannot replace. By combining both approaches, conservation can become more holistic and respectful of cultural traditions. Another promising solution for protecting the Amazon is ecotourism. It provides a source of income for indigenous communities, allowing them to maintain their traditional lifestyles while also benefiting from the economic opportunities of tourism. It raises awareness about the importance of conservation. 4 . Visitors are given the chance to experience the beauty of the rainforest and learn about the traditional knowledge and practices of its inhabitants. Despite its advantages, ecotourism must be carefully managed. Poorly planned facilities or excessive visitor numbers can damage fragile ecosystems. 5 . Most importantly, local communities and tribes (部落)should lead ecotourism initiatives to ensure their rights, interests, and cultural values are protected. Community-led ecotourism offers a sustainable model for both conservation and development in the Amazon. A．However, technology must be used alongside local knowledge B．So does it about the unique cultural heritage of Amazonian tribes C．Technological advancements bring about huge benefits in various fields D．They guide decision-making and make conservation efforts more efficient E．Furthermore, ecotourism can serve as a platform for unique tribe culture F．To avoid such damage, clear guidelines and sustainable practices are essential G．The future of the Amazon depends on collective action and long-term commitment 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍应对亚马逊所面临的挑战需国际合作、技术应用、结合传统智慧及合理开展生态旅游等方法，强调可持续保护与发展。 1．根据上文“International cooperation plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges facing the Amazon. When countries work together, they can develop effective strategies to reduce deforestation, protect biodiversity, and support sustainable development.(国际合作在应对亚马逊面临的挑战方面发挥着至关重要的作用。当各国共同努力时，它们可以制定有效的策略来减少森林滥伐、保护生物多样性，并支持可持续发展)”可知，此处应总结国际合作对亚马逊未来的重要性，G选项“The future of the Amazon depends on collective action and long-term commitment.(亚马逊的未来取决于集体行动和长期承诺)”中的collective action与上文的International cooperation、countries work together相呼应，衔接自然，符合语境。故选G项。 2．根据上文“Technological advancements offer new possibilities for conservation. Remote sensing, satellite imagery, and drones help monitor deforestation, track wildlife, and assess ecosystem health. These tools provide real-time data.(技术进步为保护工作提供了新的可能性。遥感、卫星图像和无人机有助于监测森林滥伐、追踪野生动物和评估生态系统健康状况。这些工具提供实时数据)”以及下文“Technology also improves communication among stakeholders.(技术还改善了利益相关者之间的沟通)”可知，此处应说明实时数据的作用，D选项“They guide decision-making and make conservation efforts more efficient.(它们为决策提供指导，并提高保护工作的效率)”中的They指代上文的real-time data，承接上文数据的作用，又为下文技术的另一好处做铺垫，符合语境。故选D项。 3．根据下文“Traditional wisdom provides insights into local ecosystems that modern tools cannot replace. By combining both approaches, conservation can become more holistic and respectful of cultural traditions.(传统智慧对于当地生态系统的洞见是现代工具无法替代的。通过结合这两种方法，保护工作可以变得更全面，并尊重文化传统)”可知，此处应体现技术与传统智慧需结合，A选项“However, technology must be used alongside local knowledge.(然而，技术必须与当地知识结合使用)”中的local knowledge与下文的Traditional wisdom相呼应，used alongside体现“结合”的含义，引出下文对传统智慧的介绍，符合语境。故选A项。 4．根据上文“Another promising solution for protecting the Amazon is ecotourism. It provides a source of income for indigenous communities, allowing them to maintain their traditional lifestyles while also benefiting from the economic opportunities of tourism. It raises awareness about the importance of conservation.(保护亚马逊雨林的另一项极具前景的解决方案是生态旅游。它为土著社区创造了收入来源，让这些社区得以延续传统生活方式，同时也能从旅游业的经济机遇中获益。生态旅游还能提升人们对生态保护重要性的认知)”以及下文“Visitors are given the chance to experience the beauty of the rainforest and learn about the traditional knowledge and practices of its inhabitants.(游客有机会体验雨林的美丽，并了解其居民的传统知识和做法)”可知，上文说明生态旅游对环保认知的作用，下文讲其对本土文化传播的作用，此处应补充生态旅游的另一好处，与文化相关，B选项“So does it about the unique cultural heritage of Amazonian tribes.(这也让人们了解到亚马逊部落独特的文化遗产)”中的unique cultural heritage of Amazonian tribes与下文的traditional knowledge and practices of its inhabitants相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。 5．根据上文“Despite its advantages, ecotourism must be carefully managed. Poorly planned facilities or excessive visitor numbers can damage fragile ecosystems.(尽管有其优势，生态旅游必须得到谨慎管理。规划不当的设施或过多的游客数量会破坏脆弱的生态系统)”以及下文“Most importantly, local communities and tribes should lead ecotourism initiatives to ensure their rights, interests, and cultural values are protected.(最重要的是，当地社区和部落应主导生态旅游项目，以确保其权利、利益和文化价值得到保护)”可知，此处应说明如何避免生态旅游带来的破坏，F选项“To avoid such damage, clear guidelines and sustainable practices are essential.(为了避免这种破坏，明确的指导方针和可持续的做法是必不可少的)”中的To avoid such damage承接上文的破坏问题，提出解决办法，又为下文更重要的措施做铺垫，符合语境。故选F项。 Passage 7 （25-26高一上·上海普陀·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given words; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. We must have water to live. 1 the water we use is clean and fresh, it will make us ill. The animals living in and around lakes and rivers 2 also have clean water. Our rivers and lakes supply most of our water. The clear, blue water found by the first American settlers 3 (change) in the past decades. Many of our water sources are now dirty. They are filled 4 dirt and waste which cannot be cleaned out. In many places, water is not safe for us 5 (use). Lake Erie was once a beautiful lake. Now it has been called “a dying lake”. Waste from nearby homes and factories has been dumped into 6 . Fish can no longer live in much of its polluted water. George Washington once called the Potomac “the 7 (fine) river in the world”. Now its water is no longer blue. Instead, it is soupy green. Suds(肥皂泡沫), from detergents(洗涤剂;洗衣粉) 8 (use) to wash clothes, often cover the water of our rivers. Water cannot 9 (produce) in a factory. Once water is polluted, it is difficult to make it clean and safe again. We must learn to take care of the water 10 we now have. 【答案】1．Unless 2．must 3．has changed 4．with 5．to use 6．it 7．finest 8．used 9．be produced 10．that/which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了水资源污染的现状与危害，呼吁人们保护水资源。 1．考查条件状语从句。句意：除非我们使用的水是干净新鲜的，否则它会让我们生病。根据句意，此处表“除非、如果不”，需用unless引导条件状语从句，句首单词，首字母需大写。故填Unless。 2．考查情态动词。句意：生活在湖泊和河流中及周边的动物也必须有干净的水。根据上文“We must have water to live”以及空格后“also”可知，此处表示承接逻辑，动物也“必须”有干净的水，需用情态动词must。故填must。 3．考查动词时态。句意：早期美国殖民者发现的清澈碧蓝的湖水在过去几十年里已经发生了变化。由时间状语in the past decades可知，此处需用现在完成时，且主语water为不可数名词，助动词用 has。故填has changed。 4．考查介词。句意：它们充满了无法清理的污垢和废弃物。be filled with是固定搭配，表示“充满……”。故填with。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：在很多地方，水对我们来说使用起来并不安全。Sth. + be + adj. + for sb. to do是固定句型，表示“对于某人来说做某事……”，此结构中动词不定式主动形式表被动意义。故填to use。 6．考查代词。句意：附近家庭和工厂的废弃物被倾倒进它里。此处指代前文的Lake Erie，需用代词it。故填it。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：乔治·华盛顿曾称波托马克河为“世界上最优美的河流”。根据下文“in the world”及定冠词“the”可知，此处需用形容词fine的最高级finest。故填finest。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：用来洗衣服的洗涤剂产生的泡沫，常常覆盖在我们的河面上。此句已有谓语动词cover，空格处需用非谓语形式，且动词use与逻辑主语detergents之间是被动关系，需用过去分词used作后置定语。故填used。 9．考查动词语态。句意：水不能在工厂里被生产出来。主语water与动词produce是被动关系，且情态动词cannot后需接动词原形。故填be produced。 10．考查定语从句。句意：我们必须学会保护我们现在所拥有的水。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词the water指物，关系词在从句中作have的宾语，应用关系代词that或which。故填that或which。 Passage 8 （24-25高一上·重庆·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists: Hungry Polar Bears Eating Food Waste to Survive Scientists from the U.S. and Canada say Arctic warming is reducing the food supply for polar bears. The animals are forced to search for food at waste sites. That is causing problems for not only the bears 1 also humans. With the usual food 2 (run) low, some of the bears die from starvation and the 3 (survive) are coming off the ice and onto land. They get closer to areas where humans place waste, including bones from whale hunts and 4 (use) food packages. The bears often end up eating the food packaging when trying to get to the food inside. Since their bodies cannot break down the material, the bears can develop blockages that can contribute 5 sickness and even death. 6 (additional), people living close to the area shoot the bears once in a while because they fear the animals might hurt people. Up to now the bears 7 (spot) at garbage collection places in Russia and in the American state of Alaska. The problem will only get 8 (bad) for the bears as more humans move into their territory (领地). One region 9 the bears live is Nunavut, Canada. The human population there is expected to experience 10 increase of over 50 percent by 2043. As more humans move in, the waste becomes more of a problem because it is hard to manage in frozen lands. The ground is frozen, which means the garbage cannot be buried. It is costly to send the waste out on trucks. 【答案】1．but 2．running 3．survivors 4．used 5．to 6．Additionally 7．have been spotted 8．worse 9．where 10．an 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了北极变暖让北极熊的食物越来越少，它们被迫去垃圾场找吃的，结果既伤害了自己，也给当地人类带来了新的冲突和麻烦。 1．考查连词。句意：这不仅给北极熊带来了问题，也给人类带来了问题。固定搭配not only...but also...表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着它们平常的食物越来越少，一些北极熊饿死了，而活下来的则离开冰面，来到陆地上。此处为with的复合结构，food与run为主动关系，故用现在分词running作宾语补足语。故填running。 3．考查名词。句意：随着它们平常的食物越来越少，一些北极熊饿死了，而活下来的则离开冰面，来到陆地上。空处作主语，表示“幸存者”应用名词survivor，结合下文are可知，名词应用复数形式。故填survivors。 4．考查形容词。句意：它们越来越靠近人类堆放垃圾的地方，包括捕鲸留下的骨头和用过的食品包装。空处修饰后文名词短语food packages，应用形容词used，作定语。故填used。 5．考查介词。句意：由于它们的身体无法分解这些材料，可能会形成堵塞，从而导致生病甚至死亡。固定短语contribute to表示“导致”。故填to。 6．考查副词。句意：此外，住在附近的人们有时会开枪打死这些熊，因为他们担心这些动物可能会伤害人。空处修饰后文整个句子，应用副词additionally，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Additionally。 7．考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，在俄罗斯以及美国阿拉斯加州的垃圾收集点都发现过这些熊的身影。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合up to now可知，应使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为bears，助动词用have。故填have been spotted。 8．考查比较级。句意：随着越来越多的人类迁入它们的领地，这个问题对北极熊来说只会变得更糟。空处需填形容词作表语，表示“更糟糕的”，应用比较级worse。故填worse。 9．考查定语从句。句意：北极熊生活的一个地区是加拿大的努纳武特。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词region，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。 10．考查冠词。句意：预计到2043年，那里的人口将增长超过50%。此处表泛指应用不定冠词修饰increase，且increase是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。 $ Unit 1 Nature in the balance 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元主题是“人与自然”之“环境与环境保护” 主题词汇积累 1.soil n.土壤;国土,领土,土地 2.ecosystem n.生态系统 3.continent n.大陆,陆地,洲 4.biodiversity n.生物多样性 5.wildlife n.野生动植物,野生生物 6.hardwood n.阔叶树;硬材(阔叶树的木材) 7.mammal n.哺乳动物　 8.microorganism n.微生物 9.nutrient n.营养素,营养物 10.carbon n.碳 11.oxygen n.氧,氧气 12.greenhouse n.温室,暖房 13.drought n.旱灾,久旱 14.belt n.地带,地区;腰带;传送带 15.resident n.居民,住户 16.smog n.雾霾,烟雾 时文拓展阅读 　　A new study suggests that the climate change diet might not be good for polar bears. With Arctic(北极的) sea ice reducing, many polar bears have to go to land for their diets during parts of the summer. 　　A study looking at Hudson Bay polar bears tried to figure out if the creatures can keep their healthy weight levels on such a diet. Researchers found that the majority of the creatures are losing weight no matter what they do to try to increase it. 　　Some bears find a lot of food—berries, eggs, sea birds and so on. But to get such foods takes a lot of effort. The bears use so many calories trying to eat that they end up losing weight and burning more energy than they take in. Other bears go into a time of semi-hibernation(半冬眠). But they also lose weight. So either way—eating different foods or sleeping a lot—does not work. 　　Researchers found that 19 of the 20 bears studied dropped an average of 21 kilograms over three weeks. The research observed their calorie intake, energy use and breathing in the wild. The bears lost about 7 percent of their body mass on average in just 21 days. 　　Polar bears try to keep up their weight in the summer after a spring when they eat a lot and gain weight. In the area of Hudson Bay where researchers studied, lack of sea ice has meant polar bears are on land three weeks longer than in the 1980s. 　　Last September, when Arctic sea ice hit its yearly low, there was about 2.6 million square kilometers less sea ice than at the same time in 1979. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service lists the polar bear as a threatened species due to the loss of its sea ice habitat. 　　Overall, the research shows that it is unlikely that polar bears can adapt to living on land. 【译文欣赏】 最新研究表明，气候变化导致的饮食结构可能不利于北极熊生存。随着北极 北极的 海冰面积缩减，许多北极熊不得不在夏季部分时段转为陆地觅食。 一项针对哈德逊湾北极熊的研究试图探究这些生物在如此饮食条件下能否维持健康体重水平。研究发现，无论采取何种措施增加体重，大多数北极熊仍持续出现体重下降现象。 有些熊能获取大量食物——浆果、鸟蛋、海鸟等。但获取这些食物需要耗费大量体力。熊在进食过程中消耗的热量过多，最终导致体重下降，能量消耗超过摄入量。另一些熊则进入半冬眠状态（半冬眠），同样会减重。因此，无论是改变饮食还是增加睡眠，都难以解决问题。 研究人员发现，在研究的20只熊中，有19只在三周内平均减重21公斤。该研究观察了它们在野外的热量摄入、能量消耗及呼吸情况。这些熊在短短21天内平均体重减轻约7%。 北极熊在春季大量进食并增重后，夏季会努力维持体重。研究人员研究的哈德逊湾地区，由于海冰减少，北极熊在陆地上的停留时间较1980年代延长了三周。 Last September ，当北极海冰达到年度最低值时，海冰面积比1979年同期减少了约260万平方公里。美国鱼类及野生动物管理局将北极熊列为受威胁物种，原因是其海冰栖息地的丧失。 总体而言，研究表明北极熊不太可能适应陆地生活。 【高频词汇】　 1.figure out弄清楚,弄明白　2.majority n.大多数　3.effort n.努力　4.energy n.能量;精力 5.take in吸收;欺骗;改小　6.breathing n.呼吸　7.on average平均　8.lack n.缺乏,不足　9.adapt to适应 【熟词生义】　 hit 熟义:v.击打　生义:v.达到(某水平) 【差距词汇】　 1.intake n.摄取量;吸入　2.overall adv.总的说来,大体上 高考真题链接 (2023全国甲,D) 　　Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. 　　“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans. 　　The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. 　　Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. 　　Obviously, if precautions(预防) aren't taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 1.How do Americans look at grizzlies? A.They cause mixed feelings in people. B.They should be kept in national parks. C.They are of high scientific value. D.They are a symbol of American culture. 2.What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A.They European settlers' behavior. B.The expansion of bears' range. C.The protection by law since 1975. D.The support of Native Americans. 3.What has stopped the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies? A.The opposition of conservation groups.　　B.The successful comeback of grizzlies. C.The voice of the biologists.　　D.The local farmers' advocates. 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Food should be provided for grizzlies.　　 B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C.A special path should be built for grizzlies.　　 D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 1.conflict v.& n.冲突,抵触→conflicted adj.因心理冲突而不知所措的  2.fright n.恐怖,惊吓→frighten v.使惊吓;使惊恐→frightening adj.可怕的;令人恐惧的  3.recover v.恢复;复原→recovery n.复苏;回升;改善  4.loose adj.松动的;零散的→loosen v.放宽,松开  5.conserve v.保护;保存;节约→conservation n.保护;保存  6.effect n.作用,影响→effective adj.有效的;实际的  7.alongside prep.在……旁边 8.overturn v.推翻 9.lawsuit n.诉讼 熟词生义 10.rough adj.大致的 11.quarter n.住处 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 文章介绍了向海洋投铁培育浮游生物、基因改造甲烷降解细菌等基于微生物的地球工程手段 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 文章主要介绍微森林作为应对气候变化的有力帮手，具有生长快、碳储存能力强、创造微气候、降低洪水风险、过滤空气污染物、增加生物多样性等优点，但也有局限性 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 说明了堆肥是再利用有机垃圾的方式，传统堆肥弊端颇多，智能堆肥机省空间、除异味、易操作，还能减少垃圾和温室气体，产出天然肥料，受用户认可且助力绿色环保 Passage4 阅读理解 记叙文 记述了自己在南非沃特堡生物圈保护区的一次观兽旅行经历 Passage5 七选五 说明文 主要介绍日常居家的几种环保小行动，助力保护地球，包括节约用水、少用化学品等，简单易操作且能切实改善环境。 Passage6 七选五 说明文 主要介绍应对亚马逊所面临的挑战需国际合作、技术应用、结合传统智慧及合理开展生态旅游等方法，强调可持续保护与发展。 Passage7 语法填空 说明文 文章主要介绍了水资源污染的现状与危害，呼吁人们保护水资源。 Passage8 语法填空 说明文 介绍了北极变暖让北极熊的食物越来越少，它们被迫去垃圾场找吃的，结果既伤害了自己，也给当地人类带来了新的冲突和麻烦。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京海淀·期末）In 1993, a ship sailed into the Pacific Ocean carrying nearly 1,000 pounds of iron, then poured it all into the waves. The next morning, the water turned a little greenish due to newly emerged phytoplankton (浮游生物). The microorganisms, which need iron to grow, draw CO₂ out of the air. Fertilizing the ocean with iron is a form of geoengineering, a set of technologies fascinating for their potential to meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and controversial for the same reason. As the planet heats, geoengineering is employed to help control it in novel ways, whether researchers mist the skies with sea salt to increase how much sunlight clouds reflect or invent machines to suck greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. Engineering home-grown plankton sounds like a less dramatic method. But the field is so new that scientists don’t yet know whether geoengineering with microorganisms would really be a gentler form of climate intervention (干预). Microorganisms, after all, play enormously subsequent roles in the world around us and within us. For the best chance of keeping Earth liveable, scientists need to understand exactly how the microscopic creatures might be useful, and perhaps even preferable to the more sci-fi approaches to cooling off the world. One favored method centers on methane, a greenhouse gas accounting for 30% of the rise in global temperature. Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microorganisms pull even more gas from the air. The bacteria would live inside facilities known as bioreactors. They could be positioned near known methane sources — landfills and wetlands — to minimize the amount of methane that makes it into the air. Expanding any kind of climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone control. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas. Also, there’s nearly as much uncertainty about intended effects. Scientists don’t know for sure how effective these concepts will prove to be. The 1993 ship expeditions, for example, didn’t stick around very long; the journeys were expensive, and scientists couldn’t remain at sea to determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbon stolen out of the atmosphere should remain buried for at least a century for maximum impact. Yet it’s entirely possible that if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO₂ just returns to the atmosphere. The hotter the planet gets, the more attractive geoengineering will likely seem. Short of large-scale behavioral changes globally, we do seem to be committing ourselves to an engineered solution on our current routes. We might have to decide, sooner than we think, which levers we need to pull, large or small. 1．What can we learn about geoengineering? A．Ocean iron-fertilization is widely used. B．Sunlight-reflection method is cost-effective. C．Methane-eating bacteria are being improved. D．Gas-sucking machine is a theoretical concept. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about the geoengineering approaches? A．Their impact on the ecosystem is ignored. B．Their implications are hard to predict. C．They call for decades of preparation. D．They are monitored continuously. 3．The iron-fertilization experiment may achieve its intended effects if ________. A．the target microorganisms survive B．more deep-sea organisms are tested C．scientists could remain at sea longer D．the phytoplankton grows faster and better 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．How Will Geoengineering Benefit Earth’s Systems? B．How to Cool the World Without Blocking the Sun? C．How to Steal Carbon with Sci-fi Methods? D．How Can the Engineered Solution Deliver? Passage 2 （25-26高三上·湖南长沙·期末）Microforests, small thick patches of native trees often no bigger than a tennis court, are emerging as powerful allies (盟友) in the fight against climate change. Pioneered by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki, this planting method uses native species planted extremely close together, allowing them to grow up to ten times faster than traditional forests. The core strength of microforests lies in their carbon storage ability. Their thick growth accelerates photosynthesis (光合作用) , enabling young microforests to absorb CO2 far more efficiently than scattered urban trees. A 2022 Dutch study found that a 250-square-meter microforest can store around 127. 5 kilograms of carbon annually, comparable to mature traditional woodlands. Beyond carbon capture, they create cool microclimates by lowering urban temperatures by up to 10℃, reduce flood risks via enhanced water absorption, and filter air pollutants, making cities healthier places to live. Biodiversity is another key benefit. Microforests typically include 30 or more native tree and bush species, forming mini-ecosystems that attract insects, birds, and small mammals — filling gaps in broken urban habitats. In Scotland, “wee forests” near schools let kids engage with nature, bridging the growing human-nature divide. However, microforests are not a silver bullet. Experts warn they cannot replace large-scale ancient forests, which support far more complex ecosystems Success depends on proper site selection, using local species, and community maintenance. Still, as a low-cost, community-driven solution, they let people take direct action against climate change — proving that even small green spaces can make a big difference. 1．What makes microforests grow much faster than traditional forests? A．Thick planting of native species B．Using chemical fertilizers C．Large planting areas D．Imported fast-growing trees 2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．The carbon storage process is questionably supported B．Microforests have multiple environmental benefits C．Microforests are less efficient than urban trees in carbon absorption D．A Dutch study has no reference value for microforest research 3．What can we infer about microforests from the passage? A．They can replace ancient forests completely B．They are too expensive for community projects C．They have no effect on urban temperature D．They help connect people with nature 4．What is the author’s attitude towards microforests? A．Doubtful B．Neutral C．Positive D．Critical Passage 3 （25-26高二上·四川南充·期末）Composting (堆肥) is a simple and reliable way to reuse common household organic materials. These include vegetable leftovers, coffee grounds, eggshells, and waste paper — all naturally broken down by bacteria and microorganisms over time. This process transforms the waste into nutrient-rich soil ideal for gardening or feeding houseplants. Yet traditional composting is often burdened by misunderstandings: many people think it is smelly, messy, or only practical for those with large backyards, Smart composters have addressed these pain points effectively, making at-home composting convenient and accessible even for urban apartment residents. Smart composters stand out with space-saving designs. They fit neatly on kitchen tabletops or small balconies without taking up extra room. Equipped with built-in carbon filtering systems (过滤系统), these devices completely get rid of bad smells that bother traditional compost piles — a problem that often forces traditional compost piles to be placed in open outdoor areas. Most importantly, they can process the daily organic waste of a family, from vegetable leftovers to cooked leftovers. Most models are fully self-operating, using sensors to control temperature and wetness accurately. Besides convenience, their environmental value is notable. Food leftovers and yard waste make up over 30% of household trash. When sent to landfills, these wastes break down and generate methane (甲烷), a powerful greenhouse gas fueling climate change. Smart composters reduce this waste volume significantly while producing natural, chemical-free fertilizer. Perfect for gardens, lawns, or houseplants, this fertilizer cuts down on the need for man-made chemicals. Some advanced models connect to mobile apps, letting users monitor breakdown progress in real time and get timely maintenance reminders. Though smart composters have higher initial costs than basic bins, their convenience and efficiency have won over many users. They handle a wider range of organic materials than traditional piles, including cooked grains and plant-based leftovers. For urban residents eager for a more sustainable lifestyle, smart composters offer a practical way to join the circular economy — turning everyday waste into “black gold” that feeds plants and promotes greener living. 1．How are the advantages of smart composters displayed in paragraph 1? A．By making comparison. B．By defining the concept. C．By giving typical examples. D．By introducing working principles. 2．Why are smart composters suitable for apartment residents? A．They generate methane for energy supply every day. B．They transform vegetable leftovers into cooked ones. C．They save space and remove bad smells effectively. D．They must be placed on kitchen tabletops to filter out smells. 3．What can be inferred about smart composters? A．They require constant monitoring to work well. B．They are unaffordable for low-budget households. C．They need more chemical substances to work. D．They contribute to more eco-friendly gardening. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards smart composters? A．Doubtful. B．Favourable. C．Neutral. D．Uninterested. Passage 4 （25-26高三上·广东·月考）If there’s one sound which represents everything there is to fall in love with on safari (观兽旅行), it’s the roar of a lion at nightfall. I heard it one evening in the Qwabi Private Game Reserve, where the Waterberg mountains spread outward like an unfolding story. We’d just watched a remarkable standoff: lionesses baring teeth and muscle to a dominant male who’d wandered too close. The roars came first, then a sudden, striking charge. Paws (爪子) flew and their breath hung in the air over the grasslands, before the male eventually turned and dropped to the ground in defeat. It was pure theatre, to which we had front-row seats. The Waterberg is a place of quiet success. A UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 2001, this 654,000-hectare region in Limpopo Province is one of South Africa’s best-kept safari secrets. It’s a region where conservation feels like a lived value. Thanks to collaboration between private reserves, landowners and anti-illegal hunting units, the region has recorded some of the lowest rhino (犀牛) illegal hunting statistics in the country. Head guide Damien Fourie was extensive in his knowledge and boyishly excited about every sight and sound. After careful tracking, we came across a group of lions resting beneath a thorn tree, their bodies exposed only by the swinging of a tail. And when we spotted a two-week-old white rhino walking unsteadily beside its mother later on the drive, he was as thrilled as we were. Still, even if you see nothing but sky and silence, the Waterberg delivers. On our final morning, after a night of rain, I skipped the game drive in favor of a coffee on the deck. I watched the steam rise as the morning sun warmed the valley. The end of my time in the bush came with no distant lion roars, no whispering packs, no newborn rhino. Not every safari needs a drumroll ending. Sometimes, a slow, misty morning and a quiet deck tick all the boxes. 1．What did the author witness about the lions? A．Their playful race. B．Their staged show. C．Their fierce conflict. D．Their hunting attempt. 2．What do the underlined words “a lived value” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A theoretical principle. B．A widely spread belief. C．A practically applied norm. D．A traditionally held concept. 3．Which of the following best describes Damien? A．Calm and distant. B．Informed and passionate. C．Energetic and creative. D．Disciplined and ambitious. 4．What does the author think of the safari? A．It displayed racial harmony. B．It had an exciting ending. C．It revealed why she loved nature. D．It satisfied what she could hope for. Passage 5 （25-26高一上·新疆克拉玛依·期末）Protecting our planet starts with small daily actions. By making simple eco-friendly choices at home, like saving water and using fewer chemicals, everyone can make a real difference. These small steps add up to a healthier environment for all. 1 Save water at home. It takes a lot of energy to bring water to your home. First, water is cleaned at a treatment plant, then sent to your neighborhood. 2 To do this, you can use water-saving machines like dishwashers and washing machines. Also, remember not to leave the water running while brushing your teeth. Use fewer chemicals. 3 Therefore, you can use natural cleaners like white vinegar and baking soda in your kitchen and bathroom. Choose shampoos and soaps made from natural products. Your body will be healthier too. 4 Paint, motor oil, and other strong chemicals should not be poured in the yard. They can go into the groundwater. Check your local government’s website to find out how to throw away harmful waste safely. You may need to take them to a special waste site. Help fight local water pollution. Changing your personal habits is a good start. By saving water every day, you set a good example. But to do more, you can join others in your area. 5 If there’s one, join in. And if you can’t find a group, organize one yourself A．You can put forward your plan to others. B．You can join a river or beach clean-up event. C．Do not pour harmful liquids on the ground or grass. D．Start today and make caring for nature part of your routine. E．Try growing native plants that can help deal with the problem. F．Chemicals washed down the waste pipe can pollute the water supply. G．Saving water reduces the stress that this process put on rivers and lakes. Passage 6 （25-26高三上·辽宁辽阳·期末）International cooperation plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges facing the Amazon. When countries work together, they can develop effective strategies to reduce deforestation (滥伐森林), protect biodiversity, and support sustainable development. 1 . Technological advancements offer new possibilities for conservation. Remote sensing, satellite imagery, and drones help monitor deforestation, track wildlife, and assess ecosystem health. These tools provide real-time data. 2 . Technology also improves communication among stakeholders. Digital platforms allow experts, governments, and indigenous (土著的)leaders to share information and coordinate solutions more effectively. 3 . Traditional wisdom provides insights into local ecosystems that modern tools cannot replace. By combining both approaches, conservation can become more holistic and respectful of cultural traditions. Another promising solution for protecting the Amazon is ecotourism. It provides a source of income for indigenous communities, allowing them to maintain their traditional lifestyles while also benefiting from the economic opportunities of tourism. It raises awareness about the importance of conservation. 4 . Visitors are given the chance to experience the beauty of the rainforest and learn about the traditional knowledge and practices of its inhabitants. Despite its advantages, ecotourism must be carefully managed. Poorly planned facilities or excessive visitor numbers can damage fragile ecosystems. 5 . Most importantly, local communities and tribes (部落)should lead ecotourism initiatives to ensure their rights, interests, and cultural values are protected. Community-led ecotourism offers a sustainable model for both conservation and development in the Amazon. A．However, technology must be used alongside local knowledge B．So does it about the unique cultural heritage of Amazonian tribes C．Technological advancements bring about huge benefits in various fields D．They guide decision-making and make conservation efforts more efficient E．Furthermore, ecotourism can serve as a platform for unique tribe culture F．To avoid such damage, clear guidelines and sustainable practices are essential G．The future of the Amazon depends on collective action and long-term commitment Passage 7 （25-26高一上·上海普陀·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given words; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. We must have water to live. 1 the water we use is clean and fresh, it will make us ill. The animals living in and around lakes and rivers 2 also have clean water. Our rivers and lakes supply most of our water. The clear, blue water found by the first American settlers 3 (change) in the past decades. Many of our water sources are now dirty. They are filled 4 dirt and waste which cannot be cleaned out. In many places, water is not safe for us 5 (use). Lake Erie was once a beautiful lake. Now it has been called “a dying lake”. Waste from nearby homes and factories has been dumped into 6 . Fish can no longer live in much of its polluted water. George Washington once called the Potomac “the 7 (fine) river in the world”. Now its water is no longer blue. Instead, it is soupy green. Suds(肥皂泡沫), from detergents(洗涤剂;洗衣粉) 8 (use) to wash clothes, often cover the water of our rivers. Water cannot 9 (produce) in a factory. Once water is polluted, it is difficult to make it clean and safe again. We must learn to take care of the water 10 we now have. Passage 8 （24-25高一上·重庆·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists: Hungry Polar Bears Eating Food Waste to Survive Scientists from the U.S. and Canada say Arctic warming is reducing the food supply for polar bears. The animals are forced to search for food at waste sites. That is causing problems for not only the bears 1 also humans. With the usual food 2 (run) low, some of the bears die from starvation and the 3 (survive) are coming off the ice and onto land. They get closer to areas where humans place waste, including bones from whale hunts and 4 (use) food packages. The bears often end up eating the food packaging when trying to get to the food inside. Since their bodies cannot break down the material, the bears can develop blockages that can contribute 5 sickness and even death. 6 (additional), people living close to the area shoot the bears once in a while because they fear the animals might hurt people. Up to now the bears 7 (spot) at garbage collection places in Russia and in the American state of Alaska. The problem will only get 8 (bad) for the bears as more humans move into their territory (领地). One region 9 the bears live is Nunavut, Canada. The human population there is expected to experience 10 increase of over 50 percent by 2043. As more humans move in, the waste becomes more of a problem because it is hard to manage in frozen lands. The ground is frozen, which means the garbage cannot be buried. It is costly to send the waste out on trucks. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $