Unit 1 Nature in the balance 省略（单元核心语法精练）英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 1 Nature in the balance 核心语法精练（省略） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 5 一、单句语法填空 5 二、用省略结构改写下列各句 10 三、补全下列句子中省略的部分 10 四、用省略的方式改写下列句子 11 五、用省略的方式翻译下列句子 12 六、在下文的每一空白处填上一个词，注意使用省略的表示法。 12 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 省略 一、词法的省略 (一)冠词的省略 1．两个并列名词前有相同的冠词时，在不引起歧义的情况下，第二个名词前的冠词可省略 Is the baby a boy or (a) girl?这个婴儿是男孩还是女孩？ 用and连接两个名词时，如果两个名词前只有一个冠词，通常情况下指的是同一个人或事物；如果两个名词前都有冠词，则通常指两个不同的人或事物。 He is the gardener and gatekeeper.他是园丁兼门卫。 2．在as/though引导的状语从句倒装结构中，当句首是名词时，要省略冠词 Child as he is, he knows a lot about English literature.尽管他是个孩子，但他很了解英国文学。 3．表示独一无二的头衔、职位等的名词作表语或补足语时，常省略冠词 The man who is speaking is dean of the English department.正在讲话的那个人是英语系主任。(作表语) 4．在某些独立主格结构中冠词也要省略 He came in, book in hand.＝He came in, with a book in his hand.他走了进来，手里拿着一本书。 5．副词的最高级前通常省略定冠词the The hungry young man eats most.这个饥肠辘辘的年轻人吃得最多。 (二)常见介词的省略 1．在表示一段时间的名词短语中，for常省略，但for用于否定句或句首时不省略 The big fire lasted (for) several hours.那场大火持续了几个小时。 2．of的省略 of在与age, size, material, colour, height, shape等表示年龄、大小、材料、颜色、高度、形状等的名词连用时，常可省略。 The two pairs of shoes are (of) the same size.这两双鞋号码一样大。 3．在动词的-ing形式前介词的省略现象 常用的这类短语或句式有： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 spend/waste...(in) doing sth.花费/浪费……做某事 There's no use/good (in) doing sth.做某事没有用/好处。 There's no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。 There's no need (in) doing sth.做某事没有必要。 stop/prevent...(from) doing sth.阻止……做某事 end up...(by) doing sth.以做某事结束…… be occupied (in) doing sth.忙于做某事 have a good/pleasant time (in) doing sth.做某事很开心 (三)连词和从句引导词的省略 1．引导宾语从句的连接词that常可省略；并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that也可省略，但是后面的that不省略 He said (that) he had come here an hour before and that he had checked in at a hotel.他说他一个小时前就已经到这里了，还说他已经登记入住一家旅馆。 2．关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语且其前没有介词时，常省略关系代词 Do you still remember the name of the company (that) we visited last month?你还记得我们上个月参观过的公司的名字吗？ 3．not only...but (also)..., whether... (or not), so (that)..., now (that)等连词可省略括号中的词 The vase had been put on the top of the cupboard so (that) it wouldn't get broken.花瓶放在橱柜顶上，以免被打破。 Now (that) we are all ready, let's start.既然大家都准备好了，咱们开始吧。 (四)动词不定式的省略 1．动词不定式to的省略 (1)在had better, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner...than, cannot but, why (not), cannot help but, may as well等结构后面的不定式符号to要省略。 Why not turn it into a game instead?为什么不将它转化为一种游戏呢？ (2)动词不定式短语作介词but，except的宾语，且介词之前有实义动词do或do的其他形式时，不定式符号to通常省略。 My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.我妈妈什么也做不了，只能等着医生到来。 (3)两个或多个动词不定式短语表示并列关系时，第二个及后面的不定式短语中的不定式符号to通常省略。 They didn't tell me whether to go on or to stop.他们没有告诉我是继续下去还是停下来。 (4)在某些感官动词或使役动词(如hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, make等)之后充当宾语补足语的动词不定式中，不定式符号to要省略，但在被动语态的句子中，不定式符号to要保留。 The manager made the workers work day and night.＝The workers were made to work day and night by the manager.经理让工人们夜以继日地工作。 (5)当what引导的名词性从句作主语，或all, everything等后接定语从句作主语，且从句谓语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。 What I should have done is (to) set the bird free.我本应该放了那只鸟的。 (6)help后可带to，也可省略to。 Would you please help me (to) carry the luggage?你能帮我搬一下行李吗？ 2.不定式符号后动词的省略 (1)hope, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, mean, prefer等后面出现与上文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而省略其他部分。 Mike lied to us but he did not want to.迈克对我们撒了谎，但是他并不想这样做。 (2)当不定式在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时，为了避免重复，常保留不定式符号to，而省略后面的动词。 She wants to come but her parents won't allow her to.她想来，但她的父母不允许。 (3)在特定的上下文中，如果不定式为一般式to be或完成式to have done，通常省略be或have之后的部分。 —Aren't you the headmaster？你不是校长吗？—No, and I don't want to be.我不是，而且我也不想当校长。 [误区警示]　①形容词happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid等后面接动词不定式时，可以省略不定式符号to后的动词。 —Will you come for a walk？你想去散步吗？—I'm glad to.我想去。 ②so和not可用来替代上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 —Can you put it off？你能把它延期吗？—I'm afraid not/so.恐怕不行/恐怕得延期。 二、句法的省略 在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中，可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分，也可以省略多个句子成分。 (一)简单句的省略 1．祈使句中常省略主语you Take off your muddy shoes before you get inside.在你进去之前脱掉你沾满泥的鞋。 2．感叹句中句意明确时，主语与谓语动词常省略 What a beautiful sight (it is)！多美的景色啊！ 3．在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分 —(Will you) Have a smoke？你抽烟吗？—No. Thanks.不，谢谢了。 (Is there) Anything else to say？还有别的要说吗？ [误区警示]　在口语中，特别是在简洁的回答中，经常为了突出答案，而只回答提问的部分。 ①—Who did it？谁做的？—Oscar.奥斯卡。(只保留主语) ②—What did you get？你拿了什么？—A dictionary.词典。(只保留宾语) ③—How do you like me？你有多喜欢我？—Very much.非常喜欢。(只保留状语) ④Wait！等一下！(只保留谓语) ⑤—What kind of pencil do you want？你想要哪种铅笔？—Red.红色的。(只保留定语) (二)并列句中的省略 1．如果主语不同，而谓语中的一部分相同，则省略谓语中相同的部分 Some people go to the mountains, and others (go) to the seaside.有些人到山里去，有些人到海边去。 2．主语相同，谓语也相同，则二者都可以省略 His suggestion made John happy, but (his suggestion made) Mary angry.他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。 3．主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语 Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。 4．在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列分句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他一些成分与第一个并列分句相同，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分 Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't (sing at the party).杰克将在聚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在聚会上唱歌。 三、状语从句中的省略 在状语从句中，为了使语言更加简洁、生动，经常使用省略形式。状语从句的省略原则：如果从句主语和主句主语一致，或从句主语是it，且从句谓语含有动词be，那么从句中的主语和谓语动词be往往可以省略。 1．时间状语从句中的省略 When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the violin.她很小的时候就开始学习拉小提琴。 2．条件状语从句中的省略 条件状语从句的省略形式为if necessary, if possible, if true等。另外unless, as long as等词或短语后也可用省略形式。 Come along with me if (it is) possible.如果有可能，和我一起来吧。 3．让步状语从句中的省略 He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull.他是个好人，尽管有时很无聊。 4．比较状语从句中的省略 She has finished the work earlier than (it was) expected.她这项工作比预料的提前完成了。 5．方式状语从句中的省略 as if/as though后还可加形容词/副词/介词短语/动词的-ing形式/动词的-ed形式/动词不定式。 He opened the drawer, as if (he was) in search of something important.他打开抽屉，仿佛要找什么重要的东西。 6．其他特殊情况 (1)状语从句中的主语尽管与主句的主语不相同，但如果根据主从句的对应关系判断，意思比较明确，同时，从句的谓语部分又含有动词be的某种形式，此时则可省略从句中的“主语＋be”。 There are a few simple safety measures to follow while (you are) training.有几点简单的安全措施在训练时要遵守。 (2)如果状语从句和主句都含有there be的某种形式或只有状语从句含有there be的某种形式，从句中的there be常常也可以省略。 Correct the mistakes, if (there are) any (mistakes) in these sentences.如果这些句子里有错，就改正过来。 一、单句语法填空 1．While (cross) the street, she ran into a car and her knees got badly hurt. 【答案】crossing 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：过马路时，她撞上了一辆汽车，膝盖受了重伤。while引导时间状语从句，主语为she，时态为过去进行时，谓语结构为was crossing，当从句主语和主句主语一致时，省略从句的主语和be动词，保留现在分词。故填crossing。 2．Now, if (compare) different languages, you notice that they have a lot in common. 【答案】comparing 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：现在，如果你在比较不同的语言，你会注意到它们有很多共同点。根据所给动词compare和空格前的if可知，if引导的应该是条件状语从句；从句的主语与主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。动词compare和主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填comparing。 3．In some Asian countries, it is polite to bow when (greet) others. 【答案】greeting 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：在一些亚洲国家，当向别人打招呼时鞠躬是有礼貌的。此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，当从句主语与主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，完整形式为“when one is greeting others”，所以此处应用greeting。故填greeting。 4．When (cross) the road, look both ways carefully. 【答案】crossing 【详解】考查状语从句的省略用法。句意：过马路时，要仔细看两边。分析句子可知，此处为状语从句的省略用法，当when引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致(此句中从句主语为 you，被省略)，且从句谓语含有be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词，完整表达为“When you are crossing...”，省略后为“When crossing...”。故填 crossing。 5．Though (tire), he still kept working. 【答案】tired 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他虽然累了，但还是继续工作。though 引导的状语从句中，从句主语 he 与主句主语一致，且谓语含有 be 动词，可省略 he was，“尽管累了” 用 Though tired。故填 tired。 6．When (study), he is always very focused. 【答案】studying 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：学习时，他总是很专注。该句为when引导的时间状语从句，其完整形式为“when he is studying”，由 when 引导的状语从句中，从句主语“he”与主句主语一致，且谓语含有 be 动词“is”，从句可省略“he is”。故填 studying。 7．There are few mistakes in his composition, (if any). 【答案】if any 【详解】考查省略和固定句型。句意：他的作文即使有错误，也很少。句子表示“他的作文即使有错误，也很少”，空格处意为“如果有的话”，是固定句型if any，是一种省略句，故填if any。 8．Even if (invite), I wouldn’t go to attend the party. 【答案】invited 【详解】考查时态，被动语态，主谓一致和省略。句意：即使被邀请，我也不会去参加聚会。even if引导的让步状语从句表示“即使我被邀请”，用一般现在时的被动语态，即even if I am invited，主句的主语和从句中的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，即省略I am，因此空格处是invited。故填invited。 9．When (take) photos during the match, please turn off your flash. 【答案】taking 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：在比赛期间拍照时，请关闭闪光灯。take photos意为“拍照”。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be。逗号后为祈使句，省略了主语you，故when引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语you和系动词are，故从句描述正在发生的动作，时态用现在进行时。本句中的时间状语从句完整句子应为“When you are taking photos”，省略主语you are后，保留现在分词形式。故填taking。 10．Even if (invite), I wouldn’t go to attend the party. 【答案】invited 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：即使被邀请，我也不会去参加聚会的。在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等引导的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词；句中“Even if (invite)”是让步状语从句，原句为“Even if I was invited”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略I was后，保留过去分词invited。故填invited。 11．What we need do is (prepare) well for the exam. 【答案】prepare 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要做的就是为考试做好准备。此处说明主语的内容作表语，应用不定式，且前面有do后面省略to，故填prepare。 12． The government plans to turn the city into a place where young people will choose to live rather than (leave). 【答案】leave 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：政府计划将这座城市变成一个年轻人选择居住而不是离开的地方。本题考查短语rather than，意为“而不是”，用于连接并列成分，此处与 to live共用一个不定式符号to，用动词原形。故填leave。 13．Geothermal (地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resource. All you have to do is (drill) (钻孔) deep enough and you will find hot rock. 【答案】drill 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地热能发电是我们最稳定的可再生能源之一，你所要做的就是钻到足够深的地方，你就会发现炙热的岩石。此句是“all+主语+have to do is+动词原形”结构，表示“某人所要做的就是……”，主语部分有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式省略to，is后接动词原形。故填drill。 14．Her job is to take care of the elders and (wash) their clothes. 【答案】to wash/wash 【详解】考查不定式。句意：她的工作是照顾老人和洗他们的衣服。不定式作表语说明主语的内容，与take care of the elders并列，可以省略不定式符号。故填to wash或wash。 15．Knowing some tips will help (sure) that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. 【答案】ensure 【详解】考查动词和短语。句意：了解一些技巧将有助于确保你与朋友或家人一起享受愉快的晚餐，无论你在世界的哪个地方。help do sth.意思为：有助于做某事，空处之后that引导宾语从句，此处表示“确保”用动词ensure。故填ensure。 16．After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me (load) Tiffy into the plane. 【答案】to load/load 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：道别之后，我让乔治和他的妻子帮我把蒂菲送上飞机。help sb. (to) do sth.意思为：帮助某人做某事，空处缺少不定式作宾补，to可以省略。故填(to)load。 17．A burst of laughter made him (straight) himself and look around. 【答案】straighten 【详解】考查动词。句意：一阵笑声使他挺直了身子，环顾四周。设空处为made的宾语补足语，应用动词straighten的非谓语形式，him和动词straighten之间是主动关系，应用省略to的不定式结构作补足语，故填straighten。 18．The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not . 【答案】to 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意： 司机想把车停在路边，但警察要求他不要这样做。 根据句意可知，警察要求司机不要把车停在路边。ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”；be asked to do sth.“被要求做某事”。 but后的完整表达应该是the driver was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside，其中的不定式作主补。为避免重复，题干中的空格处省略了动词不定式符号to后的内容。故填to。 19．Rather than (cause)problems, he is going to help us. 【答案】cause 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他不是要给我们制造麻烦，而是要帮助我们。连词rather than意为“而不是”，其后接动不定式，不定式可带to，也可不带to，但rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式，所以空处应填cause。故填cause。 20．Facebook is considering to make its website page (look) more beautiful. 【答案】look 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：脸书正在考虑让自己的网页看起来更漂亮。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做宾语补足语，因空白处表示的是一个不确定的具体动作，应使用动词不定式，根据动词不定式的用法，当动词不定式在make等表示“使、让”含义的词后作宾语补足语的时候，省略动词不定式符号to，使用动词原形，故填look。 21．The boss had her assistant (buy) some food for us. 【答案】buy 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老板让她的助手给我们买了些吃的。此处 have后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。故填buy。 22．All you have to do is (select)the photos of healthy food. 【答案】select 【详解】考查不定式to的省略。句意：你所要做的就是选择健康食品的照片。此处作表语，说明主语的内容应用不定式，且主语部分含有实义动词do的各种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to。故填select。 23． Since the money allowed to the two brothers is not enough for traveling, they can do nothing but (give up). 【答案】give up 【详解】考查不定式的省略。句意：由于给这两兄弟的钱不够旅行，他们只好放弃。can do nothing but do sth.除了做某事之外，别无选择。作介词 but, expect, besides 的宾语，前面又有实意动词 do 时，不定式通常省去 to。根据句意，故填give up。 24．To my relief，the new medicine bought from Japan helped (relief) the pain of my brother’s injured leg. 【答案】relieve 【详解】考查动词。句意：令我欣慰的是，从日本买的新药缓解了我弟弟受伤的腿的疼痛。此处表示“缓解”应用动词relieve，且上文为短语help do sth.。故填relieve。 25．I can’t help but (finish) the book based on a true story. 【答案】finish 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我只能根据一个真实的故事来完成这本书。固定结构：can’t help but do sth.“只得做某事”。故填finish。 26．While (ask) to answer questions, please speak louder. 【答案】asked 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：在回答问题时，请大点声。本句为状语从句的省略，还原为：While you are asked。省略了you are。故填asked。 27．While (walk) along the street, I heard my name called. 【答案】walking 【详解】考查状语从句省略句。句意为：当我沿着街道走时，我听到有人叫我的名字。“当某人做某事时”用while引导时间状语从句，主句谓语heard用的是一般过去时，从句中需用过去进行时“was walking”。因从句主语与主句主语一致，且含有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。因此，空格处用现在分词形式。故填walking。 28．When (reflection) on how far we humans have come from the prehistoric caves to modern technological advancements, you would feel the power of imagination. 【答案】reflecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词、状语从句的省略。句意：当回顾人类从史前洞穴到现代科技进步的历程时，你会感受到想象力的力量。when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是when you are reflecting on how far we humans have come from the prehistoric caves to modern technological advancements，省略了you are，空处需填现在分词形式。故填reflecting。 29．The new product, when (compare) with the old one, shows significant improvements in design and functionality. 【答案】compared 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：新产品与旧产品相比，在设计和功能上都有很大的改进。此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略，从句主语是The new product，和动词compare之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，故完整形式是when it is compared with the old one，当状语从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词省略，故填compared。 30．When (chat) online, you can find some abbreviations that are difficult to understand. 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当你在网上聊天时，你可能会发现一些难以理解的缩写。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。本句话中when引导时间状语从句，完整的句子为When you are chatting online, you can find some abbreviations that are difficult to understand.所以可以把从句中的主语you和are省略，剩下现在分词，作状语。故填chatting。 二、用省略结构改写下列各句 1. He won’t attend the party even if he is invited. He won’t attend the party . 2. Mistakes，if there are any，should be corrected. Mistakes， ，should be corrected. 3. The book that he borrowed yesterday is well worth reading. is well worth reading. 4. When he was in America，he made many friends with the local people. ，he made many friends with the local people. 5. The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to play with the knife. The boy used to play with the knife . 【答案】1.even if invited2.if any3.The book he borrowed yesterday4.When in America5.though his father told him not to 三、补全下列句子中省略的部分 1. He was determined to carry out the plan，whatever the cost. . 2. He said the meeting was very important and that we all should attend it. . 3. If not well organized，the meeting will be a failure. . 4. Only one of us was injured，and he just slightly. . 5. You can do it if you mean to. . 6. I don’t like the way she treated her students. . 【答案】1.He was determined to carry out the plan，whatever the cost was 2.He said that the meeting was very important and that we all should attend it 3.If it is not well organized，the meeting will be a failure 4.Only one of us was injured，and he was injured just slightly 5.You can do it if you mean to do it11.You can do it if you mean to do it 四、用省略的方式改写下列句子 1. Whenever it is possible, he will come to my help. ________________________________________________. 2. Don’t go till I tell you to go. ________________________________________________. 3. John worked hard but his brother did not work hard. ________________________________________________. 4. When you are crossing the street, you should be careful. ________________________________________________. 5. She can hold her breath longer than I can hold my breath. ________________________________________________. 6. Bob was the winner in 2019, and Jim was the winner in 2020. ________________________________________________. 7. Someone has used my phone, but I don’t know who has used it. ________________________________________________. 8. Coral is not a plant, but it is a variety of animal. ________________________________________________. 9. Unless you are invited to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference. ________________________________________________. 10. He said that the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it. ________________________________________________. 【答案】1. Whenever possible, he will come to my help. 2. Don’t go till I tell you to. 3. John worked hard but his brother didn’t 4. When crossing the street,you should be careful. 5. She can hold her breath longer than I. 6. Bob was the winner in 2019, and Jim in 2020. 7. Someone has used my phone, but I don’t know who. 8. Coral is not a plant, but a variety of animal. 9. Unless invited to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference. 10. He said the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it. 五、用省略的方式翻译下列句子 1. 他不再喜欢流行音乐了，不过他以前喜欢。 ________________________________________________. 2. 虽然他们已经很累了，但仍然继续坚持工作。 ________________________________________________. 3. 我一边看杂志，一边等。 ________________________________________________. 4. 我想做些什么改变当前的局面，却不知道怎么去做。 ________________________________________________. 5. 如果讲座不重要的话，那我就不去了。 ________________________________________________. 【答案】1. He is no longer fond of pop music, but he used to be. 2. Tough very tired, they went on working. 3. While waiting, I was reading some magazines. 4. I want to do something to change the current situation, but don’t know how. 5. Unless important, I won’t attend the lecture. 六、在下文的每一空白处填上一个词，注意使用省略的表示法。 Li Hua lives in a good family. His mother is a teacher, and (1) is his father. His parents are strict with their students, and strict in their work as (2) . Li Hua’s parents are (3) the same age. They do what they can (4) help Li Hua grow healthily and safely. Once, when Li Hua wanted to play football in the street, his parents told him not (5) because it was dangerous for him to do (6) . As we all know, safety is of great (7) in our daily life. From this we can draw a conclusion (8) Li Hua’s parents help him form a good habit of (9) safe. Li Hua’s parents are good (10) at school and good parents at home. 1.so 2.well 3.of 4.to 5.to 6.so 7.importance/significance 8.that 9.being 10.teachers 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） A 　　The Amazon rainforest, the 　1　(large) rainforest in the world, plays a significant role in maintaining the balance of the Earth's ecosystem. It crosses into eight countries, 　2　(include) Brazil and Peru. With an area of about 6 million square kilometres, 　3　 rainforest is more than half the size of China.  　　The Amazon rainforest is home to various living things. More than 40,000 species of plants can 　4　(find) in the Amazon. The forest's different levels provide food and shelter for an unbelievable 　5　(vary) of wildlife. Each level of the forest forms its own little world. More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of 　6　(mammal) hide in the jungle.  　　The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by 　7　(fix) carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen. This is 　8　 it is known as the “lungs of the planet”. Moreover, the rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.  　　However, about 17 per cent of the rainforest 　9　(disappear) due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming over the past 50 years. Thus, we are left with a question: can we afford 　10　(damage) the “lungs of the plants”?  1.largest　考查形容词的最高级。根据in the world和语境可知,此处表示在世界范围内进行比较,应用形容词的最高级修饰名词rainforest。故填largest。 2.including　考查介词。提示词为include,根据空前的countries和空后的Brazil and Peru可知,设空处表示“包括”。故填including。 3.the　考查冠词。此处rainforest指代上文中的The Amazon rainforest,表特指,应用定冠词。故填the。 4.be found　考查动词的语态。动词find和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,再结合空前的can可知此处应填be found。 5.variety　考查名词。根据空前的冠词an和形容词unbelievable可知,此处应用名词单数形式。故填variety。 6.mammals　考查名词复数。mammal为可数名词,species后既可跟可数名词单数也可跟可数名词复数,再结合前面的birds and可知此处用复数形式较好。故填mammals。 7.fixing　考查动名词。设空处作介词by的宾语,应用动名词。故填fixing。 8.why　考查连接词。上文介绍亚马孙雨林为地球固定碳并产生超过全球氧气总量20%的氧气,下文介绍它被称为“地球之肺”,上下文之间是因果关系。故填why。This is why...表示“这就是为什么……”。 9.has disappeared　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语over the past 50 years可知此处应用现在完成时;主语是about 17 per cent of the rainforest,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has disappeared。 10.to damage　考查动词不定式。afford to do sth.表示“承担得起做某事”,故填to damage。 B 　　The host invites three guests to the TV show News that Matters to discuss the problem of pollution in Norgate. The three have different opinions. 　　James Smith, a local resident, protests 　1　 heavy industry. When he first moved here, the air used to be fresh, the grass green and the water clear, but things became 　2　(entire) different after heavy industry factories moved in. The river is dirty and smelly and the sky grey. He has even got a cough 　3　 he can't get rid of. For health and safety 　4　(reason) alone, he thinks heavy industry has to go.  　　However, Vincent Brown, senior manager of 　5　 local factory, doesn't agree with Mr Smith. In 　6　(defend) of factories, he says they are responsible businessmen. They have taken a lot of measures 　7　(reduce) pollution while 　8　(produce) goods despite the fact that production costs are raised. Besides, they have created many jobs for local residents and helped the city's 　9　(economy) growth.  　　Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee, says that fighting pollution needs a joint effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle. In this way, a balance between the environment and development can 　10　(achieve).  1.against　考查介词。protest against...表示“反对……”,故填against。 2.entirely　考查副词。设空处修饰形容词different,应用副词,故填entirely。 3.that/which　考查定语从句的关系词。设空处无提示词,分析句子可知,空后部分缺少宾语,句中无连词,故推测设空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作宾语,先行词为a cough,故填that或which。 4.reasons　考查名词的数。此处reason为可数名词,表示多种原因,应用复数形式。故填reasons。 5.a　考查冠词。此处表泛指,指“一家当地工厂”,local的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。 6.defence　考查名词。in defence of...表示“为……辩护”,故填defence。 7.to reduce　考查动词不定式。take measures to do sth.表示“采取措施做某事”,故填to reduce。 8.producing　考查现在分词。空前为while,分析句子成分可知,“while 　8　 goods”是时间状语从句的省略形式,完整形式为“while they are producing goods”,从句谓语含有be动词,且从句主语和主句主语一致,此处省略they are,故填producing。　  9.economic　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词growth,应用形容词。economic growth经济增长。 10.be achieved　考查动词的语态。设空处与can一起构成谓语,achieve与主语之间是被动关系,故填be achieved。 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A （2026·江苏·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In and around China’s southwestern Sichuan province, one can often find folk artists 1 (produce) sugar paintings with liquid sugar along the streets and in the parks. According to some academic studies, sugar painting 2 (origin) from Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures 3 (make) in molds (模具) as part of a sacrifice in religious ceremony. In the Qing Dynasty, sugar painting gained more 4 (popular). The production techniques were upgraded and the patterns became more various, most of 5 stood for good luck such as fish, dragon and monkey. Afterwards, the folk artists in Sichuan developed this art by adding techniques of Chinese paper cutting. The molds were also replaced 6 a small bronze spoon. 7 time went by, the modern form of sugar painting has 8 (gradual) developed. Although the number of sugar painters has decreased, due to its unique charm, a certain number of artists are making efforts 9 (protect) it by offering classes or holding activities such as sugar painting contests. Nowadays, this art is getting support again from the general public and it has already been listed as Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage by Sichuan Government. Moreover, the sugar painting artists have gained increasing 10 (recognize). 【答案】1．producing 2．originated 3．were made 4．popularity 5．which 6．by/with 7．As 8．gradually 9．to protect 10．recognition 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国四川糖画艺术的起源、发展历程、现状及其文化价值。   1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国西南部的四川省及周边地区，人们经常可以在街头和公园里看到民间艺人用糖液制作糖画。本句已有谓语动词“can find”，所给动词“produce(制作)”与谓语动词之间无连词，因此空处应用非谓语。且“folk artists(民间艺人)”与“produce”之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填producing。 2．考查动词时态。句意：根据一些学术研究，糖画起源于明代，当时糖制动物和人物是在模具中制成的，作为宗教仪式中祭品的一部分。空处作谓语。根据“Ming Dynasty”可知，本句描述过去的事实，应用一般过去时。 “origin(起源)”的动词形式为“originate(起源)”，其过去式为“originated”。故填originated。 3．考查动词时态语态。句意：根据一些学术研究，糖画起源于明代，当时糖制动物和人物是在模具中制成的，作为宗教仪式中祭品的一部分。 本句中“when”引导定语从句，先行词为“Ming Dynasty”，从句主语“sugar animals and figures(糖制动物和人物)”与谓语动词“make(制作)”之间是被动关系，且描述的是明朝的情况，用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were + 过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用were，make的过去分词为made。故填were made。 4．考查名词。句意：在清代，糖画变得更受欢迎。“gained(获得)”为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故空处应填“popular(受欢迎的)”的名词形式“popularity(流行)”，不可数名词。故填popularity。 5．考查定语从句。句意：制作工艺得到了改进，图案也变得更加多样，其中大多数代表着好运，比如鱼、龙和猴子。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the patterns(图案)”，关系词在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，指物，故用“which”引导。故填which。 6．考查介词。句意：模具也被一个小铜勺所取代。表示“被……取代”可用“be replaced by/with...”，介词“by”或“with”均为正确用法。故填by/with。 7．考查连词。句意：随着时间的推移，糖画的现代形式逐渐发展起来。as time went by是固定句型，意为“随着时间的推移”。as引导时间状语从句。句首单词首字母需大写。故填As。 8．考查副词。句意：随着时间的推移，糖画的现代形式逐渐发展起来。空格处修饰动词“developed(发展)”，应用副词形式。“gradual(逐渐的)”的副词为“gradually(逐渐地)”。故填gradually。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管糖画艺人的数量已经减少，但由于其独特的魅力，一定数量的艺术家正在通过提供课程或举办诸如糖画比赛等活动来努力保护它。 根据固定搭配“make efforts to do sth.(努力做某事)”可知，此处用动词不定式。故填to protect。 10．考查名词。句意：此外，糖画艺术家获得了越来越多的认可。“gained(获得)”为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，且空格前有形容词“increasing(越来越多的)”修饰，此处应用名词形式。“recognize(认可)”的名词形式为“recognition(认可)”，为不可数名词。故填recognition。 B （2026·江苏·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At the Palace Museum’s Cultural Relic Hospital, 1 (restore) a 19th-century imperial enamel vase is a task that demands both skill and reverence. Each vase, once 2 symbol of imperial craftsmanship, bears the marks of time — faded glazes and tiny chips that have accumulated over centuries. Before any work starts, conservators conduct a 3 (comprehend) assessment, using X-ray scans to examine the vase’s internal structure. Many of these delicate pieces 4 (store) in climate-controlled vaults for decades, untouched since their last inspection. 5 the process is fraught with risks, conservators like Zhang Wei find solace in breathing new life into these relics. They work 6 (meticulous), mixing traditional enamel powders to match the original colors. Some sections, 7 (crack) by temperature changes, require hours of careful filling with epoxy resin that mimics the vase’s texture. Patience is not just a virtue here — it is a 8 (require) for anyone who hopes to preserve the vase’s original beauty. Every time a conservator applies a new layer of glaze, it 9 (tell) a story of both the imperial artisans who made it and the modern hands saving it. When the vase is finally reintroduced to the public, it becomes more than a relic; it is a bridge 10 connects visitors to the elegance of the Qing Dynasty court. These restored artifacts remind us that heritage is not just something to be admired from afar, but a living legacy that requires constant care and dedication. 【答案】1．restoring 2．a 3．comprehensive 4．have been stored 5．While/Although/Though 6．meticulously 7．cracked 8．requirement 9．tells 10．that/which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍故宫文物医院修复清代珐琅瓶的工作，展现修复师的技艺、耐心与文物保护的意义。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在故宫文物医院，修复一件19世纪的皇家珐琅瓶是一项既需要技艺又需要敬畏之心的工作。此处作句子的主语，应用动名词形式作主语，表抽象的、一般性的动作，restore的动名词是restoring。故填restoring。 2．考查冠词。句意：每一件花瓶，曾经是皇家工艺的象征，都承载着岁月的痕迹——历经数百年褪去的釉色和细小的磕碰。symbol为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，表泛指“一种象征”，且symbol是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 3．考查形容词。句意：在开展任何修复工作前，修复师会进行全面的评估，利用X光扫描检查瓶子的内部结构。此处修饰名词assessment，用comprehend的形容词形式comprehensive，意为“全面的”。故填comprehensive。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这些精美的文物中有许多已经在恒温恒湿的库房里存放了数十年，自上一次检查后便未曾被触碰。根据时间状语for decades可知，此处用现在完成时，Many of these delicate pieces与store为被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语为复数，助动词应用have。故填have been stored。 5．考查连词。句意：尽管修复过程充满风险，但像张伟这样的修复师能从为这些文物赋予新生中找到慰藉。此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意，此处表示“尽管”，用while/although/though引导的让步状语从句，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填While/Although/Though。 6．考查副词。句意：他们工作一丝不苟，调配传统的珐琅粉末以匹配原本的色彩。此处修饰动词work，用meticulous的副词形式meticulously，意为“一丝不苟地”。故填meticulously。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些因温度变化而开裂的部位，需要花费数小时用模仿瓶身质地的环氧树脂仔细填补。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，Some sections与crack为被动关系，用过去分词cracked。故填cracked。 8．考查名词。句意：在这里，耐心不仅仅是一种美德——更是任何希望保留瓶子原有美感的人所必须具备的要求。此处位于不定冠词a之后，用可数名词单数形式，require的名词形式为requirement，意为“要求”。故填requirement。 9．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每当修复师涂上一层新的釉料，这一动作都在讲述着一个故事，既关乎制作它的皇家工匠，也关乎拯救它的现代双手。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用tells。故填tells。 10．考查定语从句。句意：当这件花瓶最终重新向公众展出时，它便不仅仅是一件文物；它成了一座桥梁，将参观者与清代宫廷的雅致相连。此处引导定语从句，先行词为a bridge，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Nature in the balance 核心语法精练（省略） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 5 一、单句语法填空 5 二、用省略结构改写下列各句 10 三、补全下列句子中省略的部分 10 四、用省略的方式改写下列句子 11 五、用省略的方式翻译下列句子 12 六、在下文的每一空白处填上一个词，注意使用省略的表示法。 12 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 省略 一、词法的省略 (一)冠词的省略 1．两个并列名词前有相同的冠词时，在不引起歧义的情况下，第二个名词前的冠词可省略 Is the baby a boy or (a) girl?这个婴儿是男孩还是女孩？ 用and连接两个名词时，如果两个名词前只有一个冠词，通常情况下指的是同一个人或事物；如果两个名词前都有冠词，则通常指两个不同的人或事物。 He is the gardener and gatekeeper.他是园丁兼门卫。 2．在as/though引导的状语从句倒装结构中，当句首是名词时，要省略冠词 Child as he is, he knows a lot about English literature.尽管他是个孩子，但他很了解英国文学。 3．表示独一无二的头衔、职位等的名词作表语或补足语时，常省略冠词 The man who is speaking is dean of the English department.正在讲话的那个人是英语系主任。(作表语) 4．在某些独立主格结构中冠词也要省略 He came in, book in hand.＝He came in, with a book in his hand.他走了进来，手里拿着一本书。 5．副词的最高级前通常省略定冠词the The hungry young man eats most.这个饥肠辘辘的年轻人吃得最多。 (二)常见介词的省略 1．在表示一段时间的名词短语中，for常省略，但for用于否定句或句首时不省略 The big fire lasted (for) several hours.那场大火持续了几个小时。 2．of的省略 of在与age, size, material, colour, height, shape等表示年龄、大小、材料、颜色、高度、形状等的名词连用时，常可省略。 The two pairs of shoes are (of) the same size.这两双鞋号码一样大。 3．在动词的-ing形式前介词的省略现象 常用的这类短语或句式有： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 spend/waste...(in) doing sth.花费/浪费……做某事 There's no use/good (in) doing sth.做某事没有用/好处。 There's no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。 There's no need (in) doing sth.做某事没有必要。 stop/prevent...(from) doing sth.阻止……做某事 end up...(by) doing sth.以做某事结束…… be occupied (in) doing sth.忙于做某事 have a good/pleasant time (in) doing sth.做某事很开心 (三)连词和从句引导词的省略 1．引导宾语从句的连接词that常可省略；并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that也可省略，但是后面的that不省略 He said (that) he had come here an hour before and that he had checked in at a hotel.他说他一个小时前就已经到这里了，还说他已经登记入住一家旅馆。 2．关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语且其前没有介词时，常省略关系代词 Do you still remember the name of the company (that) we visited last month?你还记得我们上个月参观过的公司的名字吗？ 3．not only...but (also)..., whether... (or not), so (that)..., now (that)等连词可省略括号中的词 The vase had been put on the top of the cupboard so (that) it wouldn't get broken.花瓶放在橱柜顶上，以免被打破。 Now (that) we are all ready, let's start.既然大家都准备好了，咱们开始吧。 (四)动词不定式的省略 1．动词不定式to的省略 (1)在had better, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner...than, cannot but, why (not), cannot help but, may as well等结构后面的不定式符号to要省略。 Why not turn it into a game instead?为什么不将它转化为一种游戏呢？ (2)动词不定式短语作介词but，except的宾语，且介词之前有实义动词do或do的其他形式时，不定式符号to通常省略。 My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.我妈妈什么也做不了，只能等着医生到来。 (3)两个或多个动词不定式短语表示并列关系时，第二个及后面的不定式短语中的不定式符号to通常省略。 They didn't tell me whether to go on or to stop.他们没有告诉我是继续下去还是停下来。 (4)在某些感官动词或使役动词(如hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, make等)之后充当宾语补足语的动词不定式中，不定式符号to要省略，但在被动语态的句子中，不定式符号to要保留。 The manager made the workers work day and night.＝The workers were made to work day and night by the manager.经理让工人们夜以继日地工作。 (5)当what引导的名词性从句作主语，或all, everything等后接定语从句作主语，且从句谓语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。 What I should have done is (to) set the bird free.我本应该放了那只鸟的。 (6)help后可带to，也可省略to。 Would you please help me (to) carry the luggage?你能帮我搬一下行李吗？ 2.不定式符号后动词的省略 (1)hope, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, mean, prefer等后面出现与上文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而省略其他部分。 Mike lied to us but he did not want to.迈克对我们撒了谎，但是他并不想这样做。 (2)当不定式在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时，为了避免重复，常保留不定式符号to，而省略后面的动词。 She wants to come but her parents won't allow her to.她想来，但她的父母不允许。 (3)在特定的上下文中，如果不定式为一般式to be或完成式to have done，通常省略be或have之后的部分。 —Aren't you the headmaster？你不是校长吗？—No, and I don't want to be.我不是，而且我也不想当校长。 [误区警示]　①形容词happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid等后面接动词不定式时，可以省略不定式符号to后的动词。 —Will you come for a walk？你想去散步吗？—I'm glad to.我想去。 ②so和not可用来替代上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 —Can you put it off？你能把它延期吗？—I'm afraid not/so.恐怕不行/恐怕得延期。 二、句法的省略 在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中，可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分，也可以省略多个句子成分。 (一)简单句的省略 1．祈使句中常省略主语you Take off your muddy shoes before you get inside.在你进去之前脱掉你沾满泥的鞋。 2．感叹句中句意明确时，主语与谓语动词常省略 What a beautiful sight (it is)！多美的景色啊！ 3．在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分 —(Will you) Have a smoke？你抽烟吗？—No. Thanks.不，谢谢了。 (Is there) Anything else to say？还有别的要说吗？ [误区警示]　在口语中，特别是在简洁的回答中，经常为了突出答案，而只回答提问的部分。 ①—Who did it？谁做的？—Oscar.奥斯卡。(只保留主语) ②—What did you get？你拿了什么？—A dictionary.词典。(只保留宾语) ③—How do you like me？你有多喜欢我？—Very much.非常喜欢。(只保留状语) ④Wait！等一下！(只保留谓语) ⑤—What kind of pencil do you want？你想要哪种铅笔？—Red.红色的。(只保留定语) (二)并列句中的省略 1．如果主语不同，而谓语中的一部分相同，则省略谓语中相同的部分 Some people go to the mountains, and others (go) to the seaside.有些人到山里去，有些人到海边去。 2．主语相同，谓语也相同，则二者都可以省略 His suggestion made John happy, but (his suggestion made) Mary angry.他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。 3．主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语 Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。 4．在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列分句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他一些成分与第一个并列分句相同，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分 Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't (sing at the party).杰克将在聚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在聚会上唱歌。 三、状语从句中的省略 在状语从句中，为了使语言更加简洁、生动，经常使用省略形式。状语从句的省略原则：如果从句主语和主句主语一致，或从句主语是it，且从句谓语含有动词be，那么从句中的主语和谓语动词be往往可以省略。 1．时间状语从句中的省略 When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the violin.她很小的时候就开始学习拉小提琴。 2．条件状语从句中的省略 条件状语从句的省略形式为if necessary, if possible, if true等。另外unless, as long as等词或短语后也可用省略形式。 Come along with me if (it is) possible.如果有可能，和我一起来吧。 3．让步状语从句中的省略 He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull.他是个好人，尽管有时很无聊。 4．比较状语从句中的省略 She has finished the work earlier than (it was) expected.她这项工作比预料的提前完成了。 5．方式状语从句中的省略 as if/as though后还可加形容词/副词/介词短语/动词的-ing形式/动词的-ed形式/动词不定式。 He opened the drawer, as if (he was) in search of something important.他打开抽屉，仿佛要找什么重要的东西。 6．其他特殊情况 (1)状语从句中的主语尽管与主句的主语不相同，但如果根据主从句的对应关系判断，意思比较明确，同时，从句的谓语部分又含有动词be的某种形式，此时则可省略从句中的“主语＋be”。 There are a few simple safety measures to follow while (you are) training.有几点简单的安全措施在训练时要遵守。 (2)如果状语从句和主句都含有there be的某种形式或只有状语从句含有there be的某种形式，从句中的there be常常也可以省略。 Correct the mistakes, if (there are) any (mistakes) in these sentences.如果这些句子里有错，就改正过来。 一、单句语法填空 1．While (cross) the street, she ran into a car and her knees got badly hurt. 2．Now, if (compare) different languages, you notice that they have a lot in common. 3．In some Asian countries, it is polite to bow when (greet) others. 4．When (cross) the road, look both ways carefully. 5．Though (tire), he still kept working. 6．When (study), he is always very focused. 7．There are few mistakes in his composition, (if any). 8．Even if (invite), I wouldn’t go to attend the party. 9．When (take) photos during the match, please turn off your flash. 10．Even if (invite), I wouldn’t go to attend the party. 11．What we need do is (prepare) well for the exam. 12． The government plans to turn the city into a place where young people will choose to live rather than (leave). 13．Geothermal (地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resource. All you have to do is (drill) (钻孔) deep enough and you will find hot rock. 14．Her job is to take care of the elders and (wash) their clothes. 15．Knowing some tips will help (sure) that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. 16．After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me (load) Tiffy into the plane. 17．A burst of laughter made him (straight) himself and look around. 18．The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not . 19．Rather than (cause)problems, he is going to help us. 20．Facebook is considering to make its website page (look) more beautiful. 21．The boss had her assistant (buy) some food for us. 22．All you have to do is (select)the photos of healthy food. 23． Since the money allowed to the two brothers is not enough for traveling, they can do nothing but (give up). 24．To my relief，the new medicine bought from Japan helped (relief) the pain of my brother’s injured leg. 25．I can’t help but (finish) the book based on a true story. 26．While (ask) to answer questions, please speak louder. 27．While (walk) along the street, I heard my name called. 28．When (reflection) on how far we humans have come from the prehistoric caves to modern technological advancements, you would feel the power of imagination. 29．The new product, when (compare) with the old one, shows significant improvements in design and functionality. 30．When (chat) online, you can find some abbreviations that are difficult to understand. 二、用省略结构改写下列各句 1. He won’t attend the party even if he is invited. He won’t attend the party . 2. Mistakes，if there are any，should be corrected. Mistakes， ，should be corrected. 3. The book that he borrowed yesterday is well worth reading. is well worth reading. 4. When he was in America，he made many friends with the local people. ，he made many friends with the local people. 5. The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to play with the knife. The boy used to play with the knife . 三、补全下列句子中省略的部分 1. He was determined to carry out the plan，whatever the cost. . 2. He said the meeting was very important and that we all should attend it. . 3. If not well organized，the meeting will be a failure. . 4. Only one of us was injured，and he just slightly. . 5. You can do it if you mean to. . 6. I don’t like the way she treated her students. . 四、用省略的方式改写下列句子 1. Whenever it is possible, he will come to my help. ________________________________________________. 2. Don’t go till I tell you to go. ________________________________________________. 3. John worked hard but his brother did not work hard. ________________________________________________. 4. When you are crossing the street, you should be careful. ________________________________________________. 5. She can hold her breath longer than I can hold my breath. ________________________________________________. 6. Bob was the winner in 2019, and Jim was the winner in 2020. ________________________________________________. 7. Someone has used my phone, but I don’t know who has used it. ________________________________________________. 8. Coral is not a plant, but it is a variety of animal. ________________________________________________. 9. Unless you are invited to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference. ________________________________________________. 10. He said that the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it. ________________________________________________. 五、用省略的方式翻译下列句子 1. 他不再喜欢流行音乐了，不过他以前喜欢。 ________________________________________________. 2. 虽然他们已经很累了，但仍然继续坚持工作。 ________________________________________________. 3. 我一边看杂志，一边等。 ________________________________________________. 4. 我想做些什么改变当前的局面，却不知道怎么去做。 ________________________________________________. 5. 如果讲座不重要的话，那我就不去了。 ________________________________________________. 六、在下文的每一空白处填上一个词，注意使用省略的表示法。 Li Hua lives in a good family. His mother is a teacher, and (1) is his father. His parents are strict with their students, and strict in their work as (2) . Li Hua’s parents are (3) the same age. They do what they can (4) help Li Hua grow healthily and safely. Once, when Li Hua wanted to play football in the street, his parents told him not (5) because it was dangerous for him to do (6) . As we all know, safety is of great (7) in our daily life. From this we can draw a conclusion (8) Li Hua’s parents help him form a good habit of (9) safe. Li Hua’s parents are good (10) at school and good parents at home. 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） A 　　The Amazon rainforest, the 　1　(large) rainforest in the world, plays a significant role in maintaining the balance of the Earth's ecosystem. It crosses into eight countries, 　2　(include) Brazil and Peru. With an area of about 6 million square kilometres, 　3　 rainforest is more than half the size of China.  　　The Amazon rainforest is home to various living things. More than 40,000 species of plants can 　4　(find) in the Amazon. The forest's different levels provide food and shelter for an unbelievable 　5　(vary) of wildlife. Each level of the forest forms its own little world. More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of 　6　(mammal) hide in the jungle.  　　The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by 　7　(fix) carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen. This is 　8　 it is known as the “lungs of the planet”. Moreover, the rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.  　　However, about 17 per cent of the rainforest 　9　(disappear) due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming over the past 50 years. Thus, we are left with a question: can we afford 　10　(damage) the “lungs of the plants”?  B 　　The host invites three guests to the TV show News that Matters to discuss the problem of pollution in Norgate. The three have different opinions. 　　James Smith, a local resident, protests 　1　 heavy industry. When he first moved here, the air used to be fresh, the grass green and the water clear, but things became 　2　(entire) different after heavy industry factories moved in. The river is dirty and smelly and the sky grey. He has even got a cough 　3　 he can't get rid of. For health and safety 　4　(reason) alone, he thinks heavy industry has to go.  　　However, Vincent Brown, senior manager of 　5　 local factory, doesn't agree with Mr Smith. In 　6　(defend) of factories, he says they are responsible businessmen. They have taken a lot of measures 　7　(reduce) pollution while 　8　(produce) goods despite the fact that production costs are raised. Besides, they have created many jobs for local residents and helped the city's 　9　(economy) growth.  　　Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee, says that fighting pollution needs a joint effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle. In this way, a balance between the environment and development can 　10　(achieve).  题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A （2026·江苏·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In and around China’s southwestern Sichuan province, one can often find folk artists 1 (produce) sugar paintings with liquid sugar along the streets and in the parks. According to some academic studies, sugar painting 2 (origin) from Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures 3 (make) in molds (模具) as part of a sacrifice in religious ceremony. In the Qing Dynasty, sugar painting gained more 4 (popular). The production techniques were upgraded and the patterns became more various, most of 5 stood for good luck such as fish, dragon and monkey. Afterwards, the folk artists in Sichuan developed this art by adding techniques of Chinese paper cutting. The molds were also replaced 6 a small bronze spoon. 7 time went by, the modern form of sugar painting has 8 (gradual) developed. Although the number of sugar painters has decreased, due to its unique charm, a certain number of artists are making efforts 9 (protect) it by offering classes or holding activities such as sugar painting contests. Nowadays, this art is getting support again from the general public and it has already been listed as Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage by Sichuan Government. Moreover, the sugar painting artists have gained increasing 10 (recognize). B （2026·江苏·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At the Palace Museum’s Cultural Relic Hospital, 1 (restore) a 19th-century imperial enamel vase is a task that demands both skill and reverence. Each vase, once 2 symbol of imperial craftsmanship, bears the marks of time — faded glazes and tiny chips that have accumulated over centuries. Before any work starts, conservators conduct a 3 (comprehend) assessment, using X-ray scans to examine the vase’s internal structure. Many of these delicate pieces 4 (store) in climate-controlled vaults for decades, untouched since their last inspection. 5 the process is fraught with risks, conservators like Zhang Wei find solace in breathing new life into these relics. They work 6 (meticulous), mixing traditional enamel powders to match the original colors. Some sections, 7 (crack) by temperature changes, require hours of careful filling with epoxy resin that mimics the vase’s texture. Patience is not just a virtue here — it is a 8 (require) for anyone who hopes to preserve the vase’s original beauty. Every time a conservator applies a new layer of glaze, it 9 (tell) a story of both the imperial artisans who made it and the modern hands saving it. When the vase is finally reintroduced to the public, it becomes more than a relic; it is a bridge 10 connects visitors to the elegance of the Qing Dynasty court. These restored artifacts remind us that heritage is not just something to be admired from afar, but a living legacy that requires constant care and dedication. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $